资源简介

1．bury v．将……埋在下面；埋葬；埋藏；使陷入；覆盖；隐藏
①Sitting down on a chair by the table，throwing her arms on it，and _______ (bury) her face in them，she proceeded to cry stormily．
②______(bury)in the newspaper，she didn't notice a thief steal her purse．
③They buried __________ (them) in their studies，in the belief that they would serve the country with their knowledge．
　句式升级
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)David still refused to look at me and his head was buried in his arms．
①David still refused to look at me，________________________________．(with复合结构)
②David still refused to look at me，___________________________．(独立主格结构)
◎bury oneself in埋头于；专心于
◎be buried in专心于；被埋在……
◎bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面
◎I am buried in reading the English newspaper every day and I have gained lots of knowledge．
我每天专心读英文报并获得了许多知识。
2．ruin n．残垣断壁，废墟；毁坏；破产 v．毁坏；使破产
①(人教版必修第一册Unit 4)Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt．In less than one minute，a large city lay __ ruins．
②(2025·全国二卷)I realized that if I didn't stop，the entire lecture _______________(ruin)．
③Because of the fire，all the people left and the whole village has fallen ____ ruin．
　读后续写之情感描写
突如其来的地震把我们的城市毁了。看到我们的城市变成废墟，我们双手掩面，痛哭起来。
The unexpected earthquake ________________________________________．Seeing our city in ruins，we buried our faces in our hands，bursting into tears．
◎lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
◎be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
◎fall into ruin 衰落，败落
◎ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/声誉
◎You can't change the past，but you can ruin the present by worrying about the future．
你改变不了过去，但如果你忧虑未来，将会毁了现在。
3．abandon v．离弃，逃离；抛弃；放弃；中止；陷入，沉湎于(某种感情) n．放纵；放任
①(2022·全国乙卷)The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel _________ (abandon)．
②We sang，danced，and laughed ____ abandon，forgetting the troubles in our lives．
③They abandoned ________ (carry) out the plan because of the lack of money．
④__________ (abandon) himself to the music，he closed his eyes and let the rhythm and melody wash over him．
　读后续写之情感描写
听到申请被拒绝，她大哭起来，陷入绝望。
①Hearing that the application has been rejected，she burst into tears and ____________________________．
②Hearing that the application has been rejected，she burst into tears and ________________________．
◎abandon oneself to陷入；沉溺于
◎abandon doing...放弃做……
◎with abandon尽情地，放纵地
◎be abandoned to沉湎于……
◎(2023·浙江1月卷)I still remembered my friends' promise so I went past the abandoned milking house to see if they had fixed the broken window．
我仍然记得朋友们的承诺，于是我走过那座废弃的挤奶房，看看他们是否修好了破窗户。
4．set out动身踏上(漫长的)旅途；出发
①(2025·全国二卷)Since setting ___ on the journey，the fitness lover has not only managed to grow an impressive set of muscles—but also a huge following on social media．
②(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)BMF is an indoor garden system．It can be set __ for a family．
③Our school appeals to the students to set _____ at least an hour every day to take exercise in order to improve learning efficiency．
　应用文写作之倡议书
2009年，联合国正式将6月8日命名为世界海洋日。建立世界海洋日的目的是提高人们保护海洋的意识。
June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day，which ______________________________________________________．
◎set aside 留出；把……放置一旁；不考虑；撤销
◎set off 出发；引发；使爆炸
◎set up 建立；安装好；安排
◎set down 写下；记下
◎set about doing sth．着手做某事
◎set out to do sth．着手做某事
◎The moment we arrived at the farm，we set about picking/set out to pick apples joyfully．
我们一到农场，就开始高兴地摘苹果。
5．[教材原句]Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks．(完全倒装)
全球水域下大约沉睡着三百万艘沉船残骸。
①When I was looking at the door，in ____ (come) a girl，wearing a white skirt．
②Among the collections ___ (be) some delicate Chinese vases，which appeal to visitors from all over the world．
③Such __ (be) my uncle，a warm-hearted and generous person，who is always ready to help others in trouble．
④They arrived at an old church，in front of which _____ (stand) a big crowd of people．
　句式升级
The moment David crossed the finish line came then；thunderous applause and cheers rose from the crowd．
→__________________________________________________；thunderous applause and cheers rose from the crowd．(倒装句)
该句为完全倒装句。其他常用完全倒装的情况还有：
◎作表语的分词短语、形容词提到系动词前面时；
◎表示方位、地点和时间的副词置于句首，且主语是名词时；
◎表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时；
◎代词such置于句首，且在句中作表语时。
◎(2023·浙江1月卷)In the spiderwebs was a hummingbird，struggling to escape and I freed it with great care．
蜘蛛网上有一只蜂鸟，挣扎着逃跑，我小心翼翼地把它救了出来。
6．[教材原句]Meanwhile，the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past，present and future．(leave ＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
同时，玛雅文明的崛起与衰落必定也让我们思考我们自己的过去、现在和将来。
①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them，though，one steamer basket is rarely enough，yet two seems greedy，and so I am always left _______ (want) more next time．
②I can't leave such an important matter __________ (unfinished)．
③The flood last month in the east was a real disaster，leaving 19 people ____ (die) and 78 _______ (miss)．
④Leave your kids _____ they are and they will grow in a healthy way．
　读后续写之神态描写
他的话让我无言以对，泪水在眼眶里打转。
His words __________________，tears welling up in my eyes．
◎“leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语”表示“使……处于某种状态”，其用法为：leave＋宾语＋动词-ing形式(表主动，进行)/过去分词(表被动，完成)/形容词/副词/介词短语/名词/不定式/从句
◎His encouraging words left me feeling hopeful again，ready to face the challenge．
他鼓舞人心的话语让我再次充满希望，准备好迎接挑战。
◎They covered him with a blanket，only leaving his eyes exposed．
他们用毯子盖住他，只露出他的眼睛。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．As is known to all，Chinese ____________ (civilise) is one of the oldest in the world．
2．Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to _____ (ruin)，the city takes on a new look now．
3．She still corresponds ____ friends she met in France nine years ago．
4．A team of scientists are sent there to look ____ the possibility of wind-generated electricity．
5．First，we should make some ______________ (investigate)，turn to our teachers for help and consult some experts．
6．All of these activities contributed to a great age of _________ (expand) as trade and cultural exchanges gave people access to new goods，knowledge and ideas．
7．The people there _________ the city．Then the _________ city gradually fell into ruin．(abandon)
8．Nowadays more and more young people throw __________ (they) into voluntary work．
9．Don't leave the water _______ (run) while you brush your teeth．
10．Lying on the floor ___ (be) two boys who __________ (bury) in comic books．
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．check out
A．调查；了解……的情况　B．检查　C．结账离开
(1)The engineer checked out all the machines before they were put to use． __
(2)According to regulations of this hotel，guests should check out of their rooms by noon． __
(3)(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination's lesser-known sights？ __
2．dismiss
A．消除，去除　B．解雇，免职　C．解散　D．拒绝考虑
(1)He has been dismissed from his job for incompetence． __
(2)(2025·全国一卷)Students are dismissed an hour and a half earlier on Wednesdays． __
(3)The suggestion should not be dismissed out of hand． __
(4)Dismissing her fears，she climbed higher． __
3．When she was younger，she would shrink away from me whenever I spoke to her． __
A．缩水　　B．退缩　　　C．避开
4．Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day？ __
A．废墟　　B．破坏　　C．使破产，使垮台
5．LoveFone，a company that advocates repairing cell phones rather than abandoning them，opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016． __
A．逃离　　B．放纵　　C．丢弃
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．借了所有他感兴趣的书后，他离开图书馆回到了宿舍。
①__________________________________________________________，he left the library and went back to his dorm．
②________________________________________________，he left the library and went back to his dorm．
2．想到我们可能在这样的黑暗中迷了路，我感到背上一阵阵发冷。
The thought ____________________________________________ sent shivers down my spine．
3．他的房子着火了，因为他让厨房炉灶烧着就出去了。
His house caught fire，because he went out but _____________________________________．
4．Jane's husband who suffered great anxiety stood at the front door when she was nowhere to be found．
→_______________________________________ who suffered great anxiety when she was nowhere to be found．
假定你是市博物馆的志愿者李华，你向来自美国的交换生介绍恐龙灭绝的原因。对于恐龙灭绝的原因，众说纷纭，其中有三种说法最为可信，它们是气候突变、大陆漂移和物种斗争。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　写作微练
①在所有关于恐龙灭绝原因的不同说法中有三个较可靠的说法。
Three relatively reliable ones are among all _____________________________________ for the extinction of dinosaurs．
②地球气候的突然变化使它们毁灭，恐龙因严寒而被冻死。
The sudden change of the earth's climate ____________________ and dinosaurs were frozen to death due to the severe cold．
③根据一些考古学家的记载，大陆漂移使陆地变成了海洋，但是恐龙不会游泳。
According to what some archaeologists set down，the continental drift ______________________________，but dinosaurs couldn't swim．
④新物种——恐龙的天敌出现了，它们肆无忌惮地吃恐龙蛋，使恐龙无法繁殖后代。
New species，dinosaurs' natural enemies，emerged and ate dinosaur eggs ____________，making it impossible for dinosaurs to reproduce．
⑤随着时间的流逝，恐龙的尸体被埋在地下，成为化石，因而人类可以研究它们是如何产生和从地球上消失的。
As time goes by，the bodies of dinosaurs _________________________ and became fossils so that human beings can study how they came into being and disappeared from the planet．
　句式升级
⑥用倒装句改写句①
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
⑦用with复合结构改写句⑤
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
　妙笔成篇
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
　语料积累
教材 语料 亮词 abandon；subdue；retreat；shrink；pyramid；canal；megadrought；ruin；the unknown；uncharted；coral；trench；vessel
美句 1．The Maya's understanding of mathematics and astronomy was also quite amazing． 2．In these waters，more than 200 metres deep，where light cannot reach，are extraordinary creatures that appear as if they are straight out of science fiction．
拓展 语料 写好成长类的读后续写通常有三个步骤：第一步，成长前的苦恼(负面情绪塑造)；第二步，成长过程(蜕变塑造)；第三步，成长后的升华(喜悦＋感激＋升华)。这类主题的升华诀窍如下：
诀窍一： 因学习知识而成长 As the old saying goes，“It's never too late to learn．”Each individual has access to more challenges and makes great progress through great efforts． 正如那句老话所说，“活到老，学到老。”每个人都有机会遇到更多的挑战，通过努力取得巨大的进步。
诀窍二： 因不懈努力而成长 It was at that moment that I realized that everything was possible if I put my heart into it and made efforts constantly． 就在那一刻，我意识到，如果我全心投入并不断努力，一切皆有可能。
诀窍三： 因追求梦想而成长 Only if we are brave enough to pursue our dreams can we realize what we are looking forward to． 只有勇敢地去追求我们的梦想，我们才能实现我们所期待的。
诀窍四： 因克服恐惧而成长 So thrilled was I that I could hardly contain my tears，knowing that I had conquered my inner fear and given a memorable performance． 我激动得几乎控制不住我的眼泪，因为我知道我已经克服了内心的恐惧，做了一场难忘的表演。
诀窍五： 因克服自卑而成长 As the room quieted，Jack returned to his seat，his heart lighter，knowing that he had made a great impression on his teachers and classmates by overcoming inferiority． 当房间安静下来时，杰克回到座位上，他的心情变得轻松起来，因为他知道自己克服了自卑，给老师们和同学们留下了深刻的印象。
诀窍六： 因战胜困难而成长 With the difficulties overcome，I stood taller，my eyes fixed firmly on the future，knowing that I was now equipped with the courage and skills to achieve anything I desired． 困难被克服后，我站得更直了，目光坚定地注视着未来，因为我知道自己已经具备了实现任何愿望的勇气和技能。
诀窍七： 因不放弃而成长 Despite feeling exhausted，Tom refused to give up．His head held high and his chest thrust forward，he pressed on towards the finish line． 尽管感到疲惫不堪，汤姆还是拒绝放弃。他昂起头，挺胸向前，奋力冲向终点线。
　语料运用
①我一直沉迷于阅读精彩的海底冒险故事，梦想着成为一名深海探险家。
I have been throwing myself into reading awesome undersea adventure stories，_________________________________________．
②一旦主人公们遇到困难，他们既不会退缩，也不会尽快逃命。(倒装句)
Once the main characters came across difficulties，neither would they retreat ______________________________________________________．
③相反，他们尽了最大的努力去探索神秘的深海。
Instead，they ___________________________ the mysterious deep sea．
④他们绝不会放弃探索神秘的深海。除非遇到生命危险，否则他们是不会撤退的。
In no way would they _________________________________________．Unless they were at the risk of losing their lives，they wouldn't retreat．
⑤从这些故事中，我知道通往成功的道路永远不会平坦。它充满了挑战和困难。
From the stories，_______________ never is the journey to success smooth．_____________________________________________．
⑥我们应该勇敢地面对它们。只要我们不放弃，不遗余力地克服困难，我们一定会实现我们的抱负。
We ought to be courageous enough to face them．As long as we don't quit and _____________________________________，we will definitely achieve our ambitions．
⑦我相信，有了坚定的决心，我可以成为一名深海探险家。
I believe that _________________________ I can become a deep-sea explorer．
选择性必修第四册　Unit 5
考点归纳　精准讲练
1．①burying　②Buried　③themselves
完美写作　①with his head buried in his arms　②his head buried in his arms
2．①in　②would be ruined　③into
完美写作　ruined our city/brought our city to ruin
3．①abandoned　②with　③carrying　④Abandoning
完美写作　①abandoned herself to despair　②was abandoned to despair
4．①out　②up　③aside
完美写作　was set up to raise awareness of protecting the oceans
5．①came　②are　③is　④stood
完美写作　Then came the moment David crossed the finish line
6．①wanting　②unfinished　③dead；missing　④where
完美写作　left me speechless
基础巩固　达标训练
Ⅰ．1．civilisation　2．ruins　3．with　4．into　5．investigations　6．expansion　7．abandoned；abandoned　8．themselves
9．running　10．are；are buried
Ⅱ．1．(1)B　(2)C　(3)A
2．(1)B　(2)C　(3)D　(4)A
3．C　4．B　5．C
Ⅲ．1．①After all the books he was interested in had been borrowed　②With all the books he was interested in borrowed　2．that we might have got lost in such darkness　3．left the stove burning in the kitchen　4．At the front door stood Jane's husband
主题引领　写作提能
应用文写作
Step 1　写作微练
①the different opinions on the reasons　②brought them to ruin
③turned the land into the ocean　④with abandon　⑤were buried in the ground
Step 2　句式升级
⑥Among all the different opinions on the reasons for the extinction of dinosaurs are three relatively reliable ones．　⑦With time going by，the bodies of dinosaurs were buried in the ground and became fossils so that human beings can study how they came into being and disappeared from the planet．
Step 3　妙笔成篇
Hello，everyone！I feel greatly honored to introduce how dinosaurs became extinct．
Among all the different opinions on the reasons for the extinction of dinosaurs are three relatively reliable ones．Firstly，the sudden change of the earth's climate brought them to ruin and dinosaurs were frozen to death due to the severe cold．Secondly，according to what some archaeologists set down，the continental drift turned the land into the ocean，but dinosaurs couldn't swim．Thirdly，new species，dinosaurs' natural enemies，emerged and ate dinosaur eggs with abandon，making it impossible for dinosaurs to reproduce．With time going by，the bodies of dinosaurs were buried in the ground and became fossils so that human beings can study how they came into being and disappeared from the planet．
That's all．Thank you for your listening．
读后续写
Step 2　语料运用
①dreaming of becoming a deep-sea explorer　②nor would they run for their lives as soon as possible　③tried their best to explore　④abandon exploring the mysterious deep sea　⑤I am aware that；It is filled with challenges and difficulties　⑥spare no effort to get over hardships　⑦with strong determination
1 / 1(共105张PPT)
选择性必修第四册　Unit 5　Into the unknown
第一部分 教材知识讲练
单元主题 导图串记
考点归纳 精准讲练
1．bury v．将……埋在下面；埋葬；埋藏；使陷入；覆盖；隐藏
①Sitting down on a chair by the table，throwing her arms on it，and _________ (bury) her face in them，she proceeded to cry stormily．
②________(bury)in the newspaper，she didn't notice a thief steal her purse．
③They buried ____________ (them) in their studies，in the belief that they would serve the country with their knowledge．
burying　
Buried　
themselves
完美写作　句式升级
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)David still refused to look at me and his head was buried in his arms．
①David still refused to look at me，___________________________．
(with复合结构)
②David still refused to look at me，___________________________．
(独立主格结构)
with his head buried in his arms　
his head buried in his arms
归纳拓展
◎bury oneself in埋头于；专心于
◎be buried in专心于；被埋在……
◎bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面
◎I am buried in reading the English newspaper every day and I have gained lots of knowledge．
我每天专心读英文报并获得了许多知识。
2．ruin n．残垣断壁，废墟；毁坏；破产 v．毁坏；使破产
①(人教版必修第一册Unit 4)Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt．In less than one minute，a large city lay ____ ruins．
②(2025·全国二卷)I realized that if I didn't stop，the entire lecture _________________(ruin)．
③Because of the fire，all the people left and the whole village has fallen ______ ruin．
in　
would be ruined　
into
完美写作　读后续写之情感描写
突如其来的地震把我们的城市毁了。看到我们的城市变成废墟，我们双手掩面，痛哭起来。
The unexpected earthquake __________________________________．
Seeing our city in ruins，we buried our faces in our hands，bursting into tears．
ruined our city/brought our city to ruin
归纳拓展
◎lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
◎be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
◎fall into ruin 衰落，败落
◎ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/声誉
◎You can't change the past，but you can ruin the present by worrying about the future．
你改变不了过去，但如果你忧虑未来，将会毁了现在。
3．abandon v．离弃，逃离；抛弃；放弃；中止；陷入，沉湎于(某种感情) n．放纵；放任
①(2022·全国乙卷)The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel ___________ (abandon)．
②We sang，danced，and laughed ______ abandon，forgetting the troubles in our lives．
③They abandoned __________ (carry) out the plan because of the lack of money．
④____________ (abandon) himself to the music，he closed his eyes and let the rhythm and melody wash over him．
abandoned　
with　
carrying　
Abandoning
完美写作　读后续写之情感描写
听到申请被拒绝，她大哭起来，陷入绝望。
①Hearing that the application has been rejected，she burst into tears and __________________________．
②Hearing that the application has been rejected，she burst into tears and ________________________．
abandoned herself to despair　
was abandoned to despair
归纳拓展
◎abandon oneself to陷入；沉溺于
◎abandon doing...放弃做……
◎with abandon尽情地，放纵地
◎be abandoned to沉湎于……
◎(2023·浙江1月卷)I still remembered my friends' promise so I went past the abandoned milking house to see if they had fixed the broken window．
我仍然记得朋友们的承诺，于是我走过那座废弃的挤奶房，看看他们是否修好了破窗户。
4．set out动身踏上(漫长的)旅途；出发
①(2025·全国二卷)Since setting ____ on the journey，the fitness lover has not only managed to grow an impressive set of muscles—but also a huge following on social media．
②(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)BMF is an indoor garden system．It can be set ____ for a family．
③Our school appeals to the students to set ______ at least an hour every day to take exercise in order to improve learning efficiency．
out　
up　
aside
完美写作　应用文写作之倡议书
2009年，联合国正式将6月8日命名为世界海洋日。建立世界海洋日的目的是提高人们保护海洋的意识。
June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day，which ______________________________________________．
was set up to raise awareness of protecting the oceans
归纳拓展
◎set aside 留出；把……放置一旁；不考虑；撤销
◎set off 出发；引发；使爆炸
◎set up 建立；安装好；安排
◎set down 写下；记下
◎set about doing sth．着手做某事
◎set out to do sth．着手做某事
◎The moment we arrived at the farm，we set about picking/set out to pick apples joyfully．
我们一到农场，就开始高兴地摘苹果。
5．[教材原句]Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks．(完全倒装)
全球水域下大约沉睡着三百万艘沉船残骸。
①When I was looking at the door，in ______ (come) a girl，wearing a white skirt．
②Among the collections _____ (be) some delicate Chinese vases，which appeal to visitors from all over the world．
③Such ____ (be) my uncle，a warm-hearted and generous person，who is always ready to help others in trouble．
④They arrived at an old church，in front of which ______ (stand) a big crowd of people．
came　
are　
is　
stood
完美写作　句式升级
The moment David crossed the finish line came then；thunderous applause and cheers rose from the crowd．
→_____________________________________________；thunderous applause and cheers rose from the crowd．(倒装句)
Then came the moment David crossed the finish line
归纳拓展
该句为完全倒装句。其他常用完全倒装的情况还有：
◎作表语的分词短语、形容词提到系动词前面时；
◎表示方位、地点和时间的副词置于句首，且主语是名词时；
◎表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时；
◎代词such置于句首，且在句中作表语时。
◎(2023·浙江1月卷)In the spiderwebs was a hummingbird，struggling to escape and I freed it with great care．
蜘蛛网上有一只蜂鸟，挣扎着逃跑，我小心翼翼地把它救了出来。
6．[教材原句]Meanwhile，the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past，present and future．(leave ＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
同时，玛雅文明的崛起与衰落必定也让我们思考我们自己的过去、现在和将来。
①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them，though，one steamer basket is rarely enough，yet two seems greedy，and so I am always left _________ (want) more next time．
wanting　
②I can't leave such an important matter ____________ (unfinished)．
③The flood last month in the east was a real disaster，leaving 19 people ______ (die) and 78 _________ (miss)．
④Leave your kids _______ they are and they will grow in a healthy way．
完美写作　读后续写之神态描写
他的话让我无言以对，泪水在眼眶里打转。
His words _________________，tears welling up in my eyes．
unfinished　
dead
missing　
where
left me speechless
归纳拓展
◎“leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语”表示“使……处于某种状态”，其用法为：leave＋宾语＋动词-ing形式(表主动，进行)/过去分词(表被动，完成)/形容词/副词/介词短语/名词/不定式/从句
◎His encouraging words left me feeling hopeful again，ready to face the challenge．
他鼓舞人心的话语让我再次充满希望，准备好迎接挑战。
◎They covered him with a blanket，only leaving his eyes exposed．
他们用毯子盖住他，只露出他的眼睛。
基础巩固 达标训练
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．As is known to all，Chinese _________ (civilise) is one of the oldest in the world．
2．Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to _______ (ruin)，the city takes on a new look now．
3．She still corresponds ____ friends she met in France nine years ago．
civilisation　
ruins　
with　
4．A team of scientists are sent there to look ______ the possibility of wind-generated electricity．
5．First，we should make some ___________ (investigate)，turn to our teachers for help and consult some experts．
6．All of these activities contributed to a great age of ___________ (expand) as trade and cultural exchanges gave people access to new goods，knowledge and ideas．
into　
investigations　
expansion　
7．The people there ___________ the city．Then the ___________ city gradually fell into ruin．(abandon)
8．Nowadays more and more young people throw ____________ (they) into voluntary work．
9．Don't leave the water _________ (run) while you brush your teeth．
10．Lying on the floor _____ (be) two boys who ____________ (bury) in comic books．
abandoned
abandoned　
themselves
running　
are
are buried
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．check out
A．调查；了解……的情况　B．检查　C．结账离开
(1)The engineer checked out all the machines before they were put to use． ___
(2)According to regulations of this hotel，guests should check out of their rooms by noon． ___
(3)(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination's lesser-known sights？ ___
B　
C　
A
2．dismiss
A．消除，去除　B．解雇，免职　C．解散　D．拒绝考虑
(1)He has been dismissed from his job for incompetence． ___
(2)(2025·全国一卷)Students are dismissed an hour and a half earlier on Wednesdays． ___
(3)The suggestion should not be dismissed out of hand． ___
(4)Dismissing her fears，she climbed higher． ___
B　
C　
D　
A
3．When she was younger，she would shrink away from me whenever I spoke to her． ___
A．缩水　　B．退缩　　　C．避开
4．Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day？ ___
A．废墟　　B．破坏　　C．使破产，使垮台
5．LoveFone，a company that advocates repairing cell phones rather than abandoning them，opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016． ___
A．逃离　　B．放纵　　C．丢弃
C　
B　
C
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．借了所有他感兴趣的书后，他离开图书馆回到了宿舍。
①_______________________________________________________，he left the library and went back to his dorm．
②_________________________________________，he left the library and went back to his dorm．
2．想到我们可能在这样的黑暗中迷了路，我感到背上一阵阵发冷。
The thought _______________________________________ sent shivers down my spine．
After all the books he was interested in had been borrowed　
With all the books he was interested in borrowed　
that we might have got lost in such darkness　
3．他的房子着火了，因为他让厨房炉灶烧着就出去了。
His house caught fire，because he went out but ______________________________．
4．Jane's husband who suffered great anxiety stood at the front door when she was nowhere to be found．
→__________________________________ who suffered great anxiety when she was nowhere to be found．
left the stove burning in the kitchen　
At the front door stood Jane's husband
主题引领 写作提能
假定你是市博物馆的志愿者李华，你向来自美国的交换生介绍恐龙灭绝的原因。对于恐龙灭绝的原因，众说纷纭，其中有三种说法最为可信，它们是气候突变、大陆漂移和物种斗争。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Step 1　写作微练
①在所有关于恐龙灭绝原因的不同说法中有三个较可靠的说法。
Three relatively reliable ones are among all _______________________
_______ for the extinction of dinosaurs．
②地球气候的突然变化使它们毁灭，恐龙因严寒而被冻死。
The sudden change of the earth's climate ______________________ and dinosaurs were frozen to death due to the severe cold．
the different opinions on the
reasons　
brought them to ruin
③根据一些考古学家的记载，大陆漂移使陆地变成了海洋，但是恐龙不会游泳。
According to what some archaeologists set down，the continental drift __________________________，but dinosaurs couldn't swim．
④新物种——恐龙的天敌出现了，它们肆无忌惮地吃恐龙蛋，使恐龙无法繁殖后代。
New species，dinosaurs' natural enemies，emerged and ate dinosaur eggs ____________，making it impossible for dinosaurs to reproduce．
turned the land into the ocean　
with abandon　
⑤随着时间的流逝，恐龙的尸体被埋在地下，成为化石，因而人类可以研究它们是如何产生和从地球上消失的。
As time goes by，the bodies of dinosaurs _________________________ and became fossils so that human beings can study how they came into being and disappeared from the planet．
were buried in the ground
Step 2　句式升级
⑥用倒装句改写句①
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
⑦用with复合结构改写句⑤
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Among all the different opinions on the reasons for the extinction of dinosaurs are three relatively reliable ones．　
With time going by，the bodies of dinosaurs were buried in the ground and became fossils so that human beings can study how they came into being and disappeared from the planet．
Step 3　妙笔成篇
_____________________________________________________________________________
Hello，everyone！I feel greatly honored to introduce how dinosaurs became extinct．
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Among all the different opinions on the reasons for the extinction of dinosaurs are three relatively reliable ones．Firstly，the sudden change of the earth's climate brought them to ruin and dinosaurs were frozen to death due to the severe cold．Secondly，according to what some archaeologists set down，the continental drift turned the land into the ocean，but dinosaurs couldn't swim．Thirdly，new species，dinosaurs' natural enemies，emerged and ate dinosaur eggs with abandon，making it impossible for dinosaurs to reproduce．With time
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
going by，the bodies of dinosaurs were buried in the ground and became fossils so that human beings can study how they came into being and disappeared from the planet．
That's all．Thank you for your listening．
Step1　语料积累
教材 语料 亮词 abandon；subdue；retreat；shrink；pyramid；canal；megadrought；ruin；the unknown；uncharted；coral；trench；vessel
教材 语料 美句 1．The Maya's understanding of mathematics and astronomy was also quite amazing．
2．In these waters，more than 200 metres deep，where light cannot reach，are extraordinary creatures that appear as if they are straight out of science fiction．
拓展 语料 写好成长类的读后续写通常有三个步骤：第一步，成长前的苦恼(负面情绪塑造)；第二步，成长过程(蜕变塑造)；第三步，成长后的升华(喜悦＋感激＋升华)。这类主题的升华诀窍如下：
诀窍一： 因学习知识而成长 As the old saying goes，“It's never too late to learn．”Each individual has access to more challenges and makes great progress through great efforts．
正如那句老话所说，“活到老，学到老。”每个人都有机会遇到更多的挑战，通过努力取得巨大的进步。
拓展 语料 诀窍二： 因不懈努力而成长 It was at that moment that I realized that everything was possible if I put my heart into it and made efforts constantly．
就在那一刻，我意识到，如果我全心投入并不断努力，一切皆有可能。
诀窍三： 因追求梦想而成长 Only if we are brave enough to pursue our dreams can we realize what we are looking forward to．
只有勇敢地去追求我们的梦想，我们才能实现我们所期待的。
拓展 语料 诀窍四： 因克服恐惧而成长 So thrilled was I that I could hardly contain my tears，knowing that I had conquered my inner fear and given a memorable performance．
我激动得几乎控制不住我的眼泪，因为我知道我已经克服了内心的恐惧，做了一场难忘的表演。
拓展 语料 诀窍五： 因克服自卑而成长 As the room quieted，Jack returned to his seat，his heart lighter，knowing that he had made a great impression on his teachers and classmates by overcoming inferiority．
当房间安静下来时，杰克回到座位上，他的心情变得轻松起来，因为他知道自己克服了自卑，给老师们和同学们留下了深刻的印象。
拓展 语料 诀窍六： 因战胜困难而成长 With the difficulties overcome，I stood taller，my eyes fixed firmly on the future，knowing that I was now equipped with the courage and skills to achieve anything I desired．
困难被克服后，我站得更直了，目光坚定地注视着未来，因为我知道自己已经具备了实现任何愿望的勇气和技能。
拓展 语料 诀窍七： 因不放弃而成长 Despite feeling exhausted，Tom refused to give up．His head held high and his chest thrust forward，he pressed on towards the finish line．
尽管感到疲惫不堪，汤姆还是拒绝放弃。他昂起头，挺胸向前，奋力冲向终点线。
Step 2　语料运用
①我一直沉迷于阅读精彩的海底冒险故事，梦想着成为一名深海探险家。
I have been throwing myself into reading awesome undersea adventure stories，______________________________________．
②一旦主人公们遇到困难，他们既不会退缩，也不会尽快逃命。(倒装句)
Once the main characters came across difficulties，neither would they retreat_______________________________________________．
dreaming of becoming a deep-sea explorer　
nor would they run for their lives as soon as possible　
③相反，他们尽了最大的努力去探索神秘的深海。
Instead，they _______________________ the mysterious deep sea．
④他们绝不会放弃探索神秘的深海。除非遇到生命危险，否则他们是不会撤退的。
In no way would they _______________________________________．
Unless they were at the risk of losing their lives，they wouldn't retreat．
tried their best to explore　
abandon exploring the mysterious deep sea　
⑤从这些故事中，我知道通往成功的道路永远不会平坦。它充满了挑战和困难。
From the stories，___________________ never is the journey to success
smooth．____________________________________．
I am aware that
It is filled with challenges and difficulties　
⑥我们应该勇敢地面对它们。只要我们不放弃，不遗余力地克服困难，我们一定会实现我们的抱负。
We ought to be courageous enough to face them．As long as we don't quit and ___________________________________，we will definitely achieve our ambitions．
⑦我相信，有了坚定的决心，我可以成为一名深海探险家。
I believe that ___________________________ I can become a deep-sea explorer．
spare no effort to get over hardships　
with strong determination
题型组合练(四十一)　选择性必修第四册　Unit 5　Into the unknown
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：47.5分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2026·山东德州模拟)At just 15，William Gadoury has surprised some of Canada's top astronomers，scientists and researchers by locating an ancient Maya city that had never before been found．
Attracted by the ancient Maya and their culture for many years，William，a student in Lanaudière，Quebec，was stumped by one particular aspect of his research，and so he tried something that apparently no other Maya investigator had before considered． “I didn't understand why the Maya built their cities far away from rivers，in remote areas，or in the mountains，” William said．
While investigating information on Maya constellations (玛雅星座)，William developed the theory that Maya maps of the stars were also maps to the great cities and remote towns and villages of their ancient civilization． He was，remarkably，the first person to correlate Maya constellations with the physical locations of these developments，and once he projected these constellations onto a map he found that the shapes perfectly corresponded with the precise locations of 117 Maya cities．
Furthermore，he noticed that an additional constellation，the 23rd he had reviewed，contained three stars，but when overlaid onto a map of Mexico，only two of the stars were superimposed (重叠) over Maya cities that had already been discovered． The missing city led him to the assumption that there had to be a third development that was as yet still undiscovered．
Seeking confirmation of his findings，the teenager made contact with the Canadian Space Agency and other scientists who were able to provide him with satellite images． To the surprise of many，William proved the images indicated the presence of pyramid (金字塔)—like structures and other geometrically organized buildings or structures，precisely where William predicted they would be．
Once these findings are proved by researchers on the ground，this city appears that it will be the fourth largest Maya city known to be in existence．
“What makes William's project amazing is the depth of his research，”said Canadian Space Agency officer Daniel de Lisle．
“Linking the positions of stars to the location of a lost city along with the use of satellite images on a tiny territory to identify the remains buried under vegetation is quite exceptional．”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一名只有15岁的学生提出了一个理论——玛雅的星座地图也是玛雅古代文明的大城市和偏远城乡的地图。这一理论可能会有助于玛雅第四大城市的发现。
√
1．What does the underlined word “stumped” in paragraph 2 most probably mean
A．Recognized．　 B．Confused．
C．Cheated．　 D．Protected．
B　[词义猜测题。根据第二段内容可知，威廉不明白为什么玛雅人把城市建在远离河流等地方，说明他被研究中的某个方面难住了，画线单词表示“困惑的，不解的”，与confused意思相近。故选B项。]
√
2．What do we know about William's theory
A．It is of pioneering significance．
B．It has been scientifically proved．
C．It goes against Maya's development．
D．It has been widely applied worldwide．
A　[推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，威廉是第一个将玛雅星座和实际位置联系起来的人，说明他的理论具有开创性意义。故选A项。]
√
3．What did William do to confirm his findings
A．He managed to analyze satellite images．
B．He paid a visit to Egypt's pyramids alone．
C．He photographed Maya's fourth largest city．
D．He turned to the international space agency．
A　[细节理解题。根据第五段中“Seeking confirmation of his findings，the teenager made contact with the Canadian Space Agency and other scientists who were able to provide him with satellite images．”可知，为了证实他的发现，威廉设法分析了卫星图像。故选A项。]
√
4．What can we learn about Daniel de Lisle
A．He thinks William's project should go deeper．
B．He finds it impossible to link stars with cities．
C．He sings high praise for William's achievement．
D．He expresses his eagerness to work with William．
C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中Daniel de Lisle说的 “What makes William's project amazing is the depth of his research”和“Linking the positions of stars to the location of a lost city along with the use of satellite images on a tiny territory to identify the remains buried under vegetation is quite exceptional．” 可知，丹尼尔·德利尔认为威廉的研究深度令人惊叹，对恒星和城市位置的联系以及卫星图像的使用评价很高，说明他高度赞扬威廉的成就。故选C项。]
B
(2026·湖北襄阳模拟)In a region in Georgia，a mysterious Bashplemi tablet (碑) has surfaced with a completely new writing system． The tablet measures about 24 by 20 cm and features at least 60 characters． However，researchers can't confirm the structure of this system，its origin，or the meaning of the characters． And dating the tablet currently remains out of reach． The design suggests an excellent level of aesthetic (美学的) value，indicating the message held significant importance．
In 2021，fishermen on Lake Bashplemi accidentally caught sight of the tablet．Experts explain that what appears to be a series of unrecognizable symbols，such as three lines，is actually developed for its age，though that's unconfirmed． The characters even show signs of skill．The makers first used a pointed tool to lay the symbols into the stone．To create a smooth series of characters，they then applied rounded tools，which shows a fair amount of work went into laying the message into the stone．
In an attempt to draw connections with other ancient texts，similarities can be found between the new text and the Kartvelian language script (文字系统) from the 4th millennium BCE． Moreover，it has traces (痕迹) of two ancient writing systems from the Near East． It is possible that interactions occurred between these ancient groups．
“Most of the symbols used in it are similar to those found in the scripts of the Middle East，India and Egypt，” wrote researchers in a new study． However，they stress that this is an entirely new form of text，which does not replicate any system of writing known to us． And it may change current beliefs about ancient writing systems greatly．
Early surveys of the area showed the presence of ancient houses．Lake Bashplemi，however，hasn't received the attention it should have．For the study of ancient writing，this tablet is an exciting discovery．It may even be the never-before-seen writing system from ancient Colchis，a region in western Georgia． This points to the possibility of many more important discoveries waiting to be made．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在格鲁吉亚发现的神秘Bashplemi碑，其文字系统未知，虽与其他古代文字有相似之处，但却是全新形式，该发现暗示此地有重大研究价值。
√
5．What challenges researchers about the Bashplemi tablet
A．Determining its cultural value．
B．Approaching its discovery site．
C．Understanding its writing system．
D．Examining its protection methods．
C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“However，researchers can't confirm the structure of this system，its origin，or the meaning of the characters． And dating the tablet currently remains out of reach．”可知，研究人员面临的挑战是理解其文字系统。故选C项。]
√
6．What can we know about the ancient makers
A．Their focus on content over creativity．
B．Their limited access to local resources．
C．Their strategic use of specialized tools．
D．Their accidental discovery of tool usage．
C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“The characters even show signs of skill． The makers first used a pointed tool to lay the symbols into the stone． To create a smooth series of characters，they then applied rounded tools，which shows a fair amount of work went into laying the message into the stone．”可知，古代制作者先用尖头工具刻出符号轮廓，再使用圆头工具进行打磨，说明他们策略性地使用了专门的工具。故选C项。]
√
7．What does the underlined word “replicate” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Change．　 B．Influence．
C．Damage．　 D．Copy．
D　[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“an entirely new form of text”可知，这次发现的是全新的文字形式，所以它没有复制已知的文字系统。故画线词“replicate”意思是“复制”，与copy意思相近。故选D项。]
√
8．What does the discovery of this tablet imply
A．The region is of great research value．
B．Early surveys of the area are misleading．
C．Ancient people kept updating writing systems．
D．The tablet was purposely hidden by ancient people．
A　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It may even be the never-before-seen writing system from ancient Colchis，a region in western Georgia． This points to the possibility of many more important discoveries waiting to be made．”可知，该碑的发现暗示该地区有很大的研究价值。故选A项。]
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
Douglas Mawson was an Australian explorer and scientist who explored the Antarctic with a team of fellow adventurers in 1912． His travels in the frozen continent brought him worldwide 　1　． In December of that year，Mawson and two other 　2　 left the main base at Commonwealth Bay，　3　 a 300-mile exploration into the central part of the continent to gather scientific data and samples．　4　. followed．
One of the men，a young British soldier named Belgrave Ninnis，
　5　 down an open crack on a sledge，along with several of their best dogs and many of the team's supplies，dead． For several weeks，the two others，　6　 with scurvy (坏血病) and other 　7　， struggled to return to camp，keeping company with the 　8　 dogs． Due to a lack of medical assistance and the food supply，　9　， Xavier Mertz，a Swiss mountaineer and skiing champion，died from exhaustion and starvation．
　10　 to return with the research data，Mawson 　11　 the elements for 30 days．Finally he returned to the 　12　 in February of 1913，extremely thin，frostbitten and exhausted—only to 　13　 he had missed the ship rescuing the rest of the 　14　 by hours． Mawson was regarded as a survivor hero． For his achievements as an explorer and scientist，he was knighted (封爵) in 1914． In addition to his other
　15　， Mawson edited and contributed to the 22-volume Reports of Australasian Antarctic Expeditions．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Mawson带领队伍进行南极大陆中部探险时遇险，Mawson挣扎着生存下来，并将研究数据成功带回的故事。
√
1．A．praise　　　 B．trust
C．worry　 D．criticism
A　[考查名词词义辨析。 根据下文“Mawson was regarded as a survivor hero． For his achievements as an explorer and scientist，he was knighted in 1914．”可推知，Mawson的探索受到了全世界的赞誉。故选A。]
√
2．A．celebrities　 B．explorers
C．athletes　 D．astronomers
B　[考查名词词义辨析。 根据上文“Douglas Mawson was an Australian explorer and scientist who explored the Antarctic with a team of fellow adventurers in 1912．”可知，他们是去探索南极大陆，因此是和另外两名探险者一起。故选B。]
√
3．A．putting off　 B．showing off
C．kicking off　 D．letting off
C　[考查动词短语辨析。 根据“a 300-mile exploration into the central part of the continent to gather scientific data and samples”可知，此处是指他们开始了对南极大陆中部的探索。故选C。]
√
4．A．Wonders　 B．Bonuses
C．Fortunes　 D．Disasters
D　[考查名词词义辨析。 根据下文“________ down an open crack on a sledge，along with several of their best dogs and many of the team's supplies，dead”及“the two others，______ with scurvy”可知，开始探索之行后不久灾难就随之而来。故选D。]
√
5．A．took　 B．fell
C．looked　 D．wandered
B　[考查动词词义辨析。 根据“an open crack on a sledge，along with several of their best dogs and many of the team's supplies，dead”可推知，这个年轻士兵从雪橇的缝隙中摔了下去。故选B。]
√
6．A．connected　 B．coped
C．infected　 D．confused
C　[考查动词词义辨析。 根据“scurvy”可知，此处是指感染坏血病。故选C。]
√
7．A．cures　 B．disabilities
C．errors　 D．illnesses
D　[考查名词词义辨析。 此处和上文“scurvy”并列，指感染坏血病和其他疾病。故选D。]
√
8．A．remaining　 B．wild
C．fierce　 D．cute
A　[考查形容词词义辨析。 根据上文“along with several of their best dogs and many of the team's supplies，dead”可知，有几只狗已经死了，此处表示和剩下的狗为伴。故选A。]
√
9．A．ultimately　 B．nevertheless
C．temporarily　 D．meanwhile
A　[考查副词词义辨析。 根据上文讲述他们发生不幸的过程可知，此处是指最终来自瑞士的泽维尔·默茨死于疲劳和饥饿。故选A。]
√
10．A．Discouraged 　 B．Relieved
C．Determined　 D．Frightened
C　[考查形容词词义辨析。 根据下文“Finally he returned to the ________ in February of 1913，extremely thin，frostbitten and exhausted”可推知，Mawson决心带着研究数据回去。故选C。]
√
11．A．combined　 B．battled
C．contained　 D．introduced
B　[考查动词词义辨析。 根据下文“Finally he returned to the ________ in February of 1913，extremely thin，frostbitten and exhausted”可推知，Mawson与大自然抗争了30天，变得瘦弱，疲惫不堪。故选B。]
√
12．A．center　 B．hospital
C．base　 D．campus
C　[考查名词词义辨析。 根据上文“Mawson and two other ________ left the main base at Commonwealth Bay”可知，此处指Mawson带着研究数据回到了基地。故选C。]
√
13．A．predict　 B．discover
C．complain　 D．explain
B　[考查动词词义辨析。 根据“he had missed the ship rescuing the rest of the ________ by hours”可知，Mawson回到基地后发现他错过了营救船，不然也不会遭遇那么多苦难。故选B。]
√
14．A．passengers　 B．witnesses
C．rescuers　 D．crew
D　[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“Douglas Mawson was an Australian explorer and scientist who explored the Antarctic with a team of fellow adventurers in 1912．”可知，此处是指探险队的其他成员。故选D。]
√
15．A．achievements 　 B．references
C．services　 D．subjects
A　[考查名词词义辨析。 根据上文“For his achievements as an explorer and scientist，he was knighted in 1914．”可知，此处指除了提到的这些成就外，Mawson还编辑了书籍。故选A。]
Ⅲ．七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
An ancient Chinese culture dating back to more than 5，000 years witnessed China's early exchanges with foreign countries，experts said．　1　 It is at a recent symposium held in Linxia Hui autonomous prefecture，Northwest China's Gansu Province．
The Majiayao culture is in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and its tributaries． 　2　 Swedish archaeologist Johan Gunnar Anderson first investigated these cultural ruins in 1924． 　3　 .
“This culture spread to Central Asia via China's Xinjiang，bringing millet from China to the west，” said Han Jianye，a history professor from Renmin University of China． “Decorations with Central Asian features also appeared on the painted pottery items in Majiayao，in addition to sheep and cattle from the west，” Han added．
“　4　 Similarities are clear from the items from the two sites，” said Tang Huisheng，a professor from Hebei Normal University．
Some experts pointed out that the Majiayao culture also shares similarities with the Cucuteni-Tripolye culture at the western and the northern parts of the Black Sea regarding decorations and shapes of painted pottery ware．
“The two cultures thrived and declined around the same time，” said Li Xinwei，a researcher from the Institute of Archaeology under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences． “　5　”
In recent years，efforts have been enhanced to protect the Majiayao culture by building thematic museums，organizing academic symposiums，and conducting more research．
A．The Majiayao culture also had interactions with the Harappan culture of India．
B．People from the two cultures also used pottery to make human head statues．
C．In the 1940s，prominent Chinese archaeologist Xia Nai named the ruins the Majiayao culture，with glamorous painted pottery as its most striking feature．
D．With more than 5，000 years of history，it forms a significant part of the origin of the Chinese civilization．
E．Governments are trying best to preserve the site for its historical value．
F．A number of scholars expressed such views regarding the Majiayao culture．
G．In recent years，Majiayao culture has caught people's attention．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了马家窑文化的历史、与其他文化的联系及近年来的保护工作。
1．F　[根据上下文可知，此空需衔接“专家观点”与“研讨会”的关联。F选项“A number of scholars expressed such views regarding the Majiayao culture．”中的“such views”指代上文专家对古代文化交流的看法，与下文研讨会呼应，符合语境。故选F项。]
2．D　[根据上下文可知，此空需补充马家窑文化的相关情况。D选项“With more than 5，000 years of history，it forms a significant part of the origin of the Chinese civilization．”中的“it”指代马家窑文化，“significant part of the origin of the Chinese civilization”衔接其地理位置，引出下文考古调查，符合逻辑。故选D项。]
3．C　[根据上下文可知，此空需延续考古发现的时间线。C选项中的“In the 1940s”承接1924年的调查，“named the ruins”说明命名过程，“painted pottery”引出下文对彩陶的描述，符合时间顺序。故选C项。]
4．A　[根据下文“Similarities are clear from the items from the two sites”中的“two sites”和“Similarities”推知，此空应该出现其他遗址。A选项“The Majiayao culture also had interactions with the Harappan culture of India．”中的“Harappan culture of India”提供了“two sites”的具体所指，“interactions”与下文相似性呼应，符合语境。故选A项。]
5．B　[根据上段及空处上文“The two cultures thrived and declined around the same time”可知，空前阐述了两者文化的同兴盛共衰亡，由此可知，此空需进一步说明两者的相似性。B选项“People from the two cultures also used pottery to make human head statues．”中的“also used pottery”补充了除装饰和形状外的另一相似点。故选B项。]
谢 谢 ！题型组合练(四十一)　选择性必修第四册　Unit 5　Into the unknown
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：47.5分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2026·山东德州模拟)At just 15，William Gadoury has surprised some of Canada's top astronomers，scientists and researchers by locating an ancient Maya city that had never before been found．
Attracted by the ancient Maya and their culture for many years，William，a student in Lanaudière，Quebec，was stumped by one particular aspect of his research，and so he tried something that apparently no other Maya investigator had before considered． “I didn't understand why the Maya built their cities far away from rivers，in remote areas，or in the mountains，” William said．
While investigating information on Maya constellations (玛雅星座)，William developed the theory that Maya maps of the stars were also maps to the great cities and remote towns and villages of their ancient civilization． He was，remarkably，the first person to correlate Maya constellations with the physical locations of these developments，and once he projected these constellations onto a map he found that the shapes perfectly corresponded with the precise locations of 117 Maya cities．
Furthermore，he noticed that an additional constellation，the 23rd he had reviewed，contained three stars，but when overlaid onto a map of Mexico，only two of the stars were superimposed (重叠) over Maya cities that had already been discovered． The missing city led him to the assumption that there had to be a third development that was as yet still undiscovered．
Seeking confirmation of his findings，the teenager made contact with the Canadian Space Agency and other scientists who were able to provide him with satellite images． To the surprise of many，William proved the images indicated the presence of pyramid (金字塔)—like structures and other geometrically organized buildings or structures，precisely where William predicted they would be．
Once these findings are proved by researchers on the ground，this city appears that it will be the fourth largest Maya city known to be in existence．
“What makes William's project amazing is the depth of his research，” said Canadian Space Agency officer Daniel de Lisle． “Linking the positions of stars to the location of a lost city along with the use of satellite images on a tiny territory to identify the remains buried under vegetation is quite exceptional．”
1．What does the underlined word “stumped” in paragraph 2 most probably mean
A．Recognized．　 B．Confused．
C．Cheated．　 D．Protected．
2．What do we know about William's theory
A．It is of pioneering significance．
B．It has been scientifically proved．
C．It goes against Maya's development．
D．It has been widely applied worldwide．
3．What did William do to confirm his findings
A．He managed to analyze satellite images．
B．He paid a visit to Egypt's pyramids alone．
C．He photographed Maya's fourth largest city．
D．He turned to the international space agency．
4．What can we learn about Daniel de Lisle
A．He thinks William's project should go deeper．
B．He finds it impossible to link stars with cities．
C．He sings high praise for William's achievement．
D．He expresses his eagerness to work with William．
B
(2026·湖北襄阳模拟)In a region in Georgia，a mysterious Bashplemi tablet (碑) has surfaced with a completely new writing system． The tablet measures about 24 by 20 cm and features at least 60 characters． However，researchers can't confirm the structure of this system，its origin，or the meaning of the characters． And dating the tablet currently remains out of reach． The design suggests an excellent level of aesthetic (美学的) value，indicating the message held significant importance．
In 2021，fishermen on Lake Bashplemi accidentally caught sight of the tablet． Experts explain that what appears to be a series of unrecognizable symbols，such as three lines，is actually developed for its age，though that's unconfirmed． The characters even show signs of skill． The makers first used a pointed tool to lay the symbols into the stone． To create a smooth series of characters，they then applied rounded tools，which shows a fair amount of work went into laying the message into the stone．
In an attempt to draw connections with other ancient texts，similarities can be found between the new text and the Kartvelian language script (文字系统) from the 4th millennium BCE． Moreover，it has traces (痕迹) of two ancient writing systems from the Near East． It is possible that interactions occurred between these ancient groups．
“Most of the symbols used in it are similar to those found in the scripts of the Middle East，India and Egypt，” wrote researchers in a new study． However，they stress that this is an entirely new form of text，which does not replicate any system of writing known to us． And it may change current beliefs about ancient writing systems greatly．
Early surveys of the area showed the presence of ancient houses． Lake Bashplemi，however，hasn't received the attention it should have． For the study of ancient writing，this tablet is an exciting discovery． It may even be the never-before-seen writing system from ancient Colchis，a region in western Georgia． This points to the possibility of many more important discoveries waiting to be made．
5．What challenges researchers about the Bashplemi tablet
A．Determining its cultural value．
B．Approaching its discovery site．
C．Understanding its writing system．
D．Examining its protection methods．
6．What can we know about the ancient makers
A．Their focus on content over creativity．
B．Their limited access to local resources．
C．Their strategic use of specialized tools．
D．Their accidental discovery of tool usage．
7．What does the underlined word “replicate” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Change．　 B．Influence．
C．Damage．　 D．Copy．
8．What does the discovery of this tablet imply
A．The region is of great research value．
B．Early surveys of the area are misleading．
C．Ancient people kept updating writing systems．
D．The tablet was purposely hidden by ancient people．
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
Douglas Mawson was an Australian explorer and scientist who explored the Antarctic with a team of fellow adventurers in 1912． His travels in the frozen continent brought him worldwide 　1　． In December of that year，Mawson and two other 　2　 left the main base at Commonwealth Bay，　3　 a 300-mile exploration into the central part of the continent to gather scientific data and samples． 　4　 followed．
One of the men，a young British soldier named Belgrave Ninnis，　5　 down an open crack on a sledge，along with several of their best dogs and many of the team's supplies，dead． For several weeks，the two others，　6　 with scurvy (坏血病) and other 　7　， struggled to return to camp，keeping company with the 　8　 dogs． Due to a lack of medical assistance and the food supply，　9　， Xavier Mertz，a Swiss mountaineer and skiing champion，died from exhaustion and starvation．
　10　 to return with the research data，Mawson 　11　 the elements for 30 days．Finally he returned to the 　12　 in February of 1913，extremely thin，frostbitten and exhausted—only to 　13　 he had missed the ship rescuing the rest of the 　14　 by hours． Mawson was regarded as a survivor hero． For his achievements as an explorer and scientist，he was knighted (封爵) in 1914． In addition to his other 　15　， Mawson edited and contributed to the 22-volume Reports of Australasian Antarctic Expeditions．
1．A．praise　　　 B．trust
C．worry　 D．criticism
2．A．celebrities　 B．explorers
C．athletes　 D．astronomers
3．A．putting off　 B．showing off
C．kicking off　 D．letting off
4．A．Wonders　 B．Bonuses
C．Fortunes　 D．Disasters
5．A．took　 B．fell
C．looked　 D．wandered
6．A．connected　 B．coped
C．infected　 D．confused
7．A．cures　 B．disabilities
C．errors　 D．illnesses
8．A．remaining　 B．wild
C．fierce　 D．cute
9．A．ultimately　 B．nevertheless
C．temporarily　 D．meanwhile
10．A．Discouraged 　 B．Relieved
C．Determined　 D．Frightened
11．A．combined　 B．battled
C．contained　 D．introduced
12．A．center　 B．hospital
C．base　 D．campus
13．A．predict　 B．discover
C．complain　 D．explain
14．A．passengers　 B．witnesses
C．rescuers　 D．crew
15．A．achievements 　 B．references
C．services　 D．subjects
Ⅲ．七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
An ancient Chinese culture dating back to more than 5，000 years witnessed China's early exchanges with foreign countries，experts said．　1　 It is at a recent symposium held in Linxia Hui autonomous prefecture，Northwest China's Gansu Province．
The Majiayao culture is in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and its tributaries． 　2　 Swedish archaeologist Johan Gunnar Anderson first investigated these cultural ruins in 1924． 　3　
“This culture spread to Central Asia via China's Xinjiang，bringing millet from China to the west，” said Han Jianye，a history professor from Renmin University of China． “Decorations with Central Asian features also appeared on the painted pottery items in Majiayao，in addition to sheep and cattle from the west，” Han added．
“　4　 Similarities are clear from the items from the two sites，” said Tang Huisheng，a professor from Hebei Normal University．
Some experts pointed out that the Majiayao culture also shares similarities with the Cucuteni-Tripolye culture at the western and the northern parts of the Black Sea regarding decorations and shapes of painted pottery ware．
“The two cultures thrived and declined around the same time，” said Li Xinwei，a researcher from the Institute of Archaeology under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences． “　5　”
In recent years，efforts have been enhanced to protect the Majiayao culture by building thematic museums，organizing academic symposiums，and conducting more research．
A．The Majiayao culture also had interactions with the Harappan culture of India．
B．People from the two cultures also used pottery to make human head statues．
C．In the 1940s，prominent Chinese archaeologist Xia Nai named the ruins the Majiayao culture，with glamorous painted pottery as its most striking feature．
D．With more than 5，000 years of history，it forms a significant part of the origin of the Chinese civilization．
E．Governments are trying best to preserve the site for its historical value．
F．A number of scholars expressed such views regarding the Majiayao culture．
G．In recent years，Majiayao culture has caught people's attention．
题型组合练(四十一)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一名只有15岁的学生提出了一个理论——玛雅的星座地图也是玛雅古代文明的大城市和偏远城乡的地图。这一理论可能会有助于玛雅第四大城市的发现。
1．B　[词义猜测题。根据第二段内容可知，威廉不明白为什么玛雅人把城市建在远离河流等地方，说明他被研究中的某个方面难住了，画线单词表示“困惑的，不解的”，与confused意思相近。故选B项。]
2．A　[推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，威廉是第一个将玛雅星座和实际位置联系起来的人，说明他的理论具有开创性意义。故选A项。]
3．A　[细节理解题。根据第五段中“Seeking confirmation of his findings，the teenager made contact with the Canadian Space Agency and other scientists who were able to provide him with satellite images．”可知，为了证实他的发现，威廉设法分析了卫星图像。故选A项。]
4．C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中Daniel de Lisle说的 “What makes William's project amazing is the depth of his research”和“Linking the positions of stars to the location of a lost city along with the use of satellite images on a tiny territory to identify the remains buried under vegetation is quite exceptional．” 可知，丹尼尔·德利尔认为威廉的研究深度令人惊叹，对恒星和城市位置的联系以及卫星图像的使用评价很高，说明他高度赞扬威廉的成就。故选C项。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在格鲁吉亚发现的神秘Bashplemi碑，其文字系统未知，虽与其他古代文字有相似之处，但却是全新形式，该发现暗示此地有重大研究价值。
5．C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“However，researchers can't confirm the structure of this system，its origin，or the meaning of the characters． And dating the tablet currently remains out of reach．”可知，研究人员面临的挑战是理解其文字系统。故选C项。]
6．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“The characters even show signs of skill． The makers first used a pointed tool to lay the symbols into the stone． To create a smooth series of characters，they then applied rounded tools，which shows a fair amount of work went into laying the message into the stone．”可知，古代制作者先用尖头工具刻出符号轮廓，再使用圆头工具进行打磨，说明他们策略性地使用了专门的工具。故选C项。]
7．D　[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“an entirely new form of text”可知，这次发现的是全新的文字形式，所以它没有复制已知的文字系统。故画线词“replicate”意思是“复制”，与copy意思相近。故选D项。]
8．A　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It may even be the never-before-seen writing system from ancient Colchis，a region in western Georgia． This points to the possibility of many more important discoveries waiting to be made．”可知，该碑的发现暗示该地区有很大的研究价值。故选A项。]
Ⅱ．1－5　ABCDB　6－10　CDAAC　11－15　BCBDA
Ⅲ．1－5　FDCAB
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