资源简介

1．shadow n．坏影响，阴影；影子v．在……上投下阴影；跟踪
①It was the most disastrous space accident ever，and it cast a shadow __ people's hearts．
②Jack has always lived ________ the shadow of his brother，which puts him under great pressure．
③The ancient ruins were partially hidden __ shadow，adding to their mysterious atmosphere．
④The small village lived ________ the shadow of the looming mountain，feeling both protected and overshadowed．
　读后续写之心理描写
这一意想不到的悲剧给他们的幸福生活蒙上了一层阴影，使他们极度愁闷、沮丧。
This unexpected tragedy _______________________________________，making them extremely gloomy and depressed．
◎in shadow 在暗处
◎in/under the shadow of sth．在……近旁；被(某人的光彩)所掩盖
◎cast/throw a shadow/shadows on 在……上投下阴影；给……蒙上阴影
◎Thunder continued to shake the sky and lightning illuminated the store for seconds，casting frightening shadows on my mind．
雷声继续震动着天空，闪电照亮了商店几秒钟，在我的脑海中投下了可怕的阴影。
2．submit v．提交；投降；屈服；不得已接受
①These stories can relieve my stress and broaden my horizons．Besides，I even _________ (submit) my own fiction to Youth．
②Under no circumstances should we submit ourselves __ any difficulties．
③(2025·全国二卷)Also，could I remind you that the deadline for __________ (submit) is this Friday，June 14th
　应用文写作之作品征集
如果你想加入，你可以在7月1日前将你的作品提交至photocontest@school．com。 (submit)
If you want to join，you can ____________________ photocontest@school．com before July 1st．
◎submit to屈从于；不得已接受
◎submit oneself to屈服；投降；接受
◎submit...to...向……提交……
◎submission n．提交；屈服
◎With the exam approaching，most students submitted themselves to intensive review sessions，determined to make every minute count．
随着考试的临近，大部分学生投身于高强度的复习中，决心让每一分钟都有价值。
3．become accustomed to习惯于(做)某事
①Knowing that you are not accustomed __ the life here and are considering returning to America，I feel very upset．
②Accustoming himself to ______ (live) in the countryside，Mr．King found it hard to live in the city．
③It took a while for me to accustom ______ (I) to all the new rules and regulations．
　应用文写作之建议信
得知你在适应高中的新生活方面有困难，我写信给你一些建议。
Knowing that you have difficulty in ___________________________________________________________，I'm writing to give you some hints．
◎be/get accustomed to (doing) sth．习惯于(做)某事
◎accustom sb．/oneself to (doing) sth．使某人习惯于(做)某事
◎I'm sure you will quickly get accustomed to the strong academic atmosphere and colorful activities in the college．
我相信你很快就会习惯学院浓厚的学术氛围和丰富多彩的活动。
4．[教材原句]When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986，the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved．(seem后跟不定式作表语)
当“挑战者号”航天飞机于1986年1月28日发射时，全世界似乎已经对相关宇航员所获得的惊人成就不再感到惊奇。
①(2024·北京卷)Writing seemed _____ (be) another form of drawing．
②Rose showed no anxiety before the competition．She seemed ________________ (prepare) for it pretty well．
③He seems ________________ (struggle) with that problem，maybe we should offer some help．
　读后续写之心理描写
①喧闹声似乎使他们充满了恐惧。他们逃到船上，立即开始拼命地划水。
The noise _____________________________．They fled to their boats and immediately began paddling furiously．
②她好像在找什么东西，满脸焦急，不时停下来在岩石中搜寻。
She __________________________________，with a face full of anxiety，stopping now and then to search among rocks．
该句中seem后跟不定式作表语，不定式有三种时态：
◎一般式(to do)，表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作或发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后；
◎进行式(to be doing)，表示动作正在进行，且与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生；
◎完成式(to have done)，表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作。
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The moment Gunter picked up the phone，he seemed to know I was going to call．
冈特一拿起电话，似乎就知道我要打电话。
5．[教材原句]China launched Dongfanghong Ⅰ， becoming the fifth country to send a satellite into orbit．(the＋序数词＋n．＋ to do sth．)
中国发射了“东方红1号”，成为第五个将卫星送入轨道的国家。
①China，considered to be the first nation _________ (invent) paper，has made a great contribution to the progress of world civilization．
②(2025·全国一卷)Each exchange provided a chance ________ (spare)the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have encountered．
③(2024·全国甲卷)The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt __________ (improve) the situation．
④(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The best way _______ (ease) pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else．
　应用文写作之建议信
迎新日对于新生来说是一个了解新学校和新同学的一个极好的机会。
The Orientation Day is ___________________________________________________________ the new school and the new classmates．
常用动词不定式作定语的情况：
◎当被修饰的名词是ability，ambition，attempt，chance，opportunity，desire，decision，failure，promise，effort，courage 等一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力、机会等意义的名词时，常用不定式作定语。
◎当被修饰的名词前有the only，the next，the best，the first，the last以及序数词或形容词最高级时， 常用不定式作定语。
◎Losing the match made him question his ability to compete，but his coach's words changed everything．
比赛失败让他怀疑自己的竞技能力，但教练的话改变了一切。
◎Her desire to help grew into determination when she saw the homeless dog shivering in the cold．
当她看到流浪狗在寒风中发抖时，帮助的渴望变成了决心。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)An essay not _________ (submit) in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late．
2．__________ (accustom) to climbing the steep mountains，he had no difficulty reaching the top．
3．At the age of five he showed ___________ (except) talent as a musician．
4．A team has trained a computer to recognise more than 60 different non-verbal accents on a _________ (simulate) face．
5．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international __________ (visible)．
6．All the time I was nervously walking across the narrow bridge，my heart __ my mouth．
7．The Internet is considered _______________(change) most people's lives since it was invented．
8．As a ________，he has ________ a great deal of music and many of his ____________ are well-known all around the world．(compose)
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．shadow
A．影子　B．昏暗处；背光处　C．坏影响　D．少许；一丁点
(1)Someone jumped out of the shadows and grabbed my handbag． __
(2)An oak tree cast its shadow over a tiny round pool． __
(3)They stole the money，made a getaway and lived under the shadow of fear． __
(4)It is a tragic story，but there is a shadow of hope． __
2．(2022·全国乙卷)That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts． __
A．一群人　　　　　　B．专业人员
C．(飞机上的)全体工作人员
3．I got into a panic as I pressed firmly against the table and moved my head around trying to find the right angle，but it was no use． __
A．夹角　　B．角度
C．立场，观点
4．Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements．See how awesome you are？ __
A．很好的，了不起的　　B．很困难的
C．可怕的
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．他在值班期间认真做好自己的工作，得到了大家的认可。
____________________，he did his part conscientiously，gaining everyone's recognition．
2．众所周知，学好英语对我们大家都大有益处。
①____________________________ learning English well will be of great benefit to us all．
②_______________________，learning English well will be of great benefit to us all．
③_________________________ is that learning English well will be of great benefit to us all．
3．这就是为什么我申请这份需要耐心和细心的工作。
This is why I apply for the job __________________________________．
4．对于那些没有意识到友谊的重要性的人来说，这是一本值得一读的书。
For those _______________________________________，this is a book worth reading．
5．毫无疑问，中国在世界上扮演着极其重要的角色。
①_________________________________ China is playing a vital role in the world．
②______________________ China is playing a vital role in the world．
假定你是李华，听闻神舟二十二号载人飞船发射成功，上周六你们班全体同学参观了一场太空展。请你写一篇英语短文，阐述你对太空探索的看法。内容包括：
1．人们对太空探索表示担忧；
2．太空探索的意义；
3．你的看法。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　写作微练
①1986年美国“挑战者号”航天飞机发生爆炸，机上7名机组人员丧命，给人类太空探索蒙上了阴影。
In 1986，the American space shuttle Challenger exploded，which _______________________________________________________________________________．
②尽管这项工作危险且困难重重，但人类对宇宙和银河系的探索从来没有停下脚步。
_________________________________________，human exploration of the universe and the Galaxy has never stopped．
③中国在贵州省建成了世界上最大的射电望远镜，使太空微粒清晰可见。
China __________________________________________ in Guizhou Province，making _______________ clearly visible．
④人类已经步入了新时代，对太空的探索会越走越远。
__________________________________，and the exploration of space will go further and further．
⑤无论遇到什么样的困难，中国人民会继续和平利用太空，参与到为人类谋福利的活动中。
__________________________________________________，the Chinese people will continue to make peaceful use of space and ____________________ for the benefit of mankind．
　句式升级
⑥用动词-ing形式作状语和非限制性定语从句改写句①
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
⑦用with复合结构改写句④
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
　妙笔成篇
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
　语料积累
教材 语料 亮词 rekindle；scream；suspend；submit；angle；fetch；sneeze
美句 1．Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets，their hearts in their mouths，aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was，and of the many things that could go wrong． 2．The world went into shock，most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane．How wrong they had been！Instantaneously，excitement and optimism turned into terror and failure． 3．We had seen the smiling faces of the astronauts waving to the world as they stepped into the shuttle．
拓展 语料 主题语境结尾升华技巧：脱困类 遇险脱困主要涉及在人与社会主题语境下，出现火灾、洪水、溺水、迷路等紧急情况。此类主题可采用下列升华诀窍：
诀窍一： 经历＋感悟 Finally，we went out of the forest that had trapped us．What an unforgettable experience! It turns out that there's always a way out of any difficult situation as long as we stay calm． 最后，我们走出了困住我们的森林。多么难忘的经历啊！事实证明，只要我们保持冷静，就总有办法脱离困境。
诀窍二： 名言＋感悟 1．A friend in need is a friend indeed．True friends will not abandon us when we are in difficulties． 患难见真情。真正的朋友在我们困难时不会抛弃我们。 2．With joint efforts we finally achieved our goal．(Just as the old saying goes，“Where there's a will，there's a way．”) 在大家的共同努力下，我们终于达成了目标。(正如古语所说：“有志者，事竟成。”)
　语料运用
①终于，奖学金宣布的日子到了。Maya的心跳加速。突然，她听到了自己的名字。(with复合结构)
Finally，the day of the scholarship announcement arrived．________________________________，suddenly，she heard her name．
②Maya很快提醒自己，她已经克服了所有的挑战。(remind)
Maya quickly ______________________________________ she had already overcome．
③她曾面临来自同学和家人的质疑，但她坚持不懈，全心投入学习和对天文学的热爱之中。(动词-ing形式作状语)
She had faced doubts from classmates and family，yet she had persevered，____________________________________________________________．
④凭借坚定的决心，Maya成功了。每一次失败都激发了她成功的决心，她继续以新的活力追求自己的激情。
With firm determination，Maya succeeded．Each failure only fueled her resolve to succeed，and she _______________________________ with renewed vigor．
⑤Maya的旅程充满挑战，但她致力于克服成为宇航员道路上的每一个障碍。(committed)
Maya's journey was challenging，but she __________________________________________ in her path to becoming an astronaut．
选择性必修第四册　Unit 6
考点归纳　精准讲练
1．①on　②in/under　③in　④in/under
完美写作　cast/throw a shadow on their happy life
2．①submitted　②to　③submission
完美写作　submit your works to
3．①to　②living　③myself
完美写作　becoming/getting accustomed to your new life in high school
4．①to be　②to have prepared　③to be struggling
完美写作　①seemed to fill them with fear　②seemed to be looking for something
5．①to invent　②to spare　③to improve　④to ease
完美写作　a fantastic opportunity for the new students to get to know
基础巩固　达标训练
Ⅰ．1．submitted　2．Accustomed　3．exceptional　4．simulated　5．visibility　6．in　7．to have changed　8．composer；
composed；compositions
Ⅱ．1．(1)B　(2)A　(3)C　(4)D
2．B　3．B　4．A
Ⅲ．1．While he was on duty　2．①It is well known to all that
②As is well known to all　③What is well known to all
3．where patience and care are needed　4．unaware of the importance of friendship　5．①There is not/never any doubt that　②There is no doubt that
主题引领　写作提能
应用文写作
Step 1　写作微练
①killed seven crew members on board and cast a shadow on human space exploration　②Hazardous and awesome though this work is　③built the world's largest radio telescope；space particles　④Mankind has stepped into a new era　⑤No matter what kind of difficulties they encounter；engage in activities
Step 2　句式升级
⑥In 1986，the American space shuttle Challenger exploded，killing seven crew members on board，which cast a shadow on human space exploration．　⑦With mankind having stepped into a new era，the exploration of space will go further and further．
Step 3　妙笔成篇
In 1986，the American space shuttle Challenger exploded，killing seven crew members on board，which cast a shadow on human space exploration．
Hazardous and awesome though this work is，human exploration of the universe and the Galaxy has never stopped．Take China for example，China built the world's largest radio telescope in Guizhou Province，making space particles clearly visible．With mankind having stepped into a new era，the exploration of space will go further and further．
So no matter what kind of difficulties they encounter，the Chinese people will continue to make peaceful use of space and engage in activities for the benefit of mankind．
读后续写
Step 2　语料运用
①With Maya's heart racing wildly　②reminded herself of all the challenges　③pouring her heart into her studies and passion for astronomy　④continued to pursue her passion　⑤was committed to overcoming every obstacle
1 / 1(共114张PPT)
选择性必修第四册　Unit 6　Space and beyond
第一部分 教材知识讲练
单元主题 导图串记
考点归纳 精准讲练
1．shadow n．坏影响，阴影；影子v．在……上投下阴影；跟踪
①It was the most disastrous space accident ever，and it cast a shadow ____ people's hearts．
②Jack has always lived __________ the shadow of his brother，which puts him under great pressure．
③The ancient ruins were partially hidden ____ shadow，adding to their mysterious atmosphere．
④The small village lived ________ the shadow of the looming mountain，feeling both protected and overshadowed．
on　
in/under　
in　
in/under
完美写作　读后续写之心理描写
这一意想不到的悲剧给他们的幸福生活蒙上了一层阴影，使他们极度愁闷、沮丧。
This unexpected tragedy ____________________________________，
making them extremely gloomy and depressed．
cast/throw a shadow on their happy life
归纳拓展
◎in shadow 在暗处
◎in/under the shadow of sth．在……近旁；被(某人的光彩)所掩盖
◎cast/throw a shadow/shadows on 在……上投下阴影；给……蒙上阴影
◎Thunder continued to shake the sky and lightning illuminated the store for seconds，casting frightening shadows on my mind．
雷声继续震动着天空，闪电照亮了商店几秒钟，在我的脑海中投下了可怕的阴影。
2．submit v．提交；投降；屈服；不得已接受
①These stories can relieve my stress and broaden my horizons．Besides，I even ___________ (submit) my own fiction to Youth．
②Under no circumstances should we submit ourselves ____ any difficulties．
③(2025·全国二卷)Also，could I remind you that the deadline for ____________ (submit) is this Friday，June 14th
submitted　
to　
submission
完美写作　应用文写作之作品征集
如果你想加入，你可以在7月1日前将你的作品提交至photocontest@school．com。 (submit)
If you want to join，you can ______________________ photocontest@school．com before July 1st．
submit your works to
归纳拓展
◎submit to屈从于；不得已接受
◎submit oneself to屈服；投降；接受
◎submit...to...向……提交……
◎submission n．提交；屈服
◎With the exam approaching，most students submitted themselves to intensive review sessions，determined to make every minute count．
随着考试的临近，大部分学生投身于高强度的复习中，决心让每一分钟都有价值。
3．become accustomed to习惯于(做)某事
①Knowing that you are not accustomed ____ the life here and are considering returning to America，I feel very upset．
②Accustoming himself to _______ (live) in the countryside，Mr．King found it hard to live in the city．
③It took a while for me to accustom ________ (I) to all the new rules and regulations．
to　
living　
myself
完美写作　应用文写作之建议信
得知你在适应高中的新生活方面有困难，我写信给你一些建议。
Knowing that you have difficulty in _____________________________________________________，I'm writing to give you some hints．
becoming/getting accustomed to
your new life in high school
归纳拓展
◎be/get accustomed to (doing) sth．习惯于(做)某事
◎accustom sb．/oneself to (doing) sth．使某人习惯于(做)某事
◎I'm sure you will quickly get accustomed to the strong academic atmosphere and colorful activities in the college．
我相信你很快就会习惯学院浓厚的学术氛围和丰富多彩的活动。
4．[教材原句]When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986，the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved．(seem后跟不定式作表语)
当“挑战者号”航天飞机于1986年1月28日发射时，全世界似乎已经对相关宇航员所获得的惊人成就不再感到惊奇。
①(2024·北京卷)Writing seemed _______ (be) another form of drawing．
②Rose showed no anxiety before the competition．She seemed __________________ (prepare) for it pretty well．
③He seems ______________ (struggle) with that problem，maybe we should offer some help．
to be　
to have prepared　
to be struggling
完美写作　读后续写之心理描写
①喧闹声似乎使他们充满了恐惧。他们逃到船上，立即开始拼命地划水。
The noise _________________________．They fled to their boats and immediately began paddling furiously．
②她好像在找什么东西，满脸焦急，不时停下来在岩石中搜寻。
She ______________________________，with a face full of anxiety，stopping now and then to search among rocks．
seemed to fill them with fear　
seemed to be looking for something
归纳拓展
该句中seem后跟不定式作表语，不定式有三种时态：
◎一般式(to do)，表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作或发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后；
◎进行式(to be doing)，表示动作正在进行，且与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生；
◎完成式(to have done)，表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作。
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The moment Gunter picked up the phone，he seemed to know I was going to call．
冈特一拿起电话，似乎就知道我要打电话。
5．[教材原句]China launched Dongfanghong Ⅰ， becoming the fifth country to send a satellite into orbit．(the＋序数词＋n．＋ to do sth．)
中国发射了“东方红1号”，成为第五个将卫星送入轨道的国家。
①China，considered to be the first nation __________ (invent) paper，has made a great contribution to the progress of world civilization．
②(2025·全国一卷)Each exchange provided a chance _______ (spare) the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have encountered．
to invent　
to spare　
③(2024·全国甲卷)The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt ____________ (improve) the situation．
④(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The best way _______ (ease) pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else．
to improve　
to ease
完美写作　应用文写作之建议信
迎新日对于新生来说是一个了解新学校和新同学的一个极好的机会。
The Orientation Day is ____________________________________________________ the new school and the new classmates．
a fantastic opportunity for the new students to
get to know
归纳拓展
常用动词不定式作定语的情况：
◎当被修饰的名词是ability，ambition，attempt，chance，opportunity，desire，decision，failure，promise，effort，courage 等一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力、机会等意义的名词时，常用不定式作定语。
◎当被修饰的名词前有the only，the next，the best，the first，the last以及序数词或形容词最高级时， 常用不定式作定语。
◎Losing the match made him question his ability to compete，but his coach's words changed everything．
比赛失败让他怀疑自己的竞技能力，但教练的话改变了一切。
◎Her desire to help grew into determination when she saw the homeless dog shivering in the cold．
当她看到流浪狗在寒风中发抖时，帮助的渴望变成了决心。
基础巩固 达标训练
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)An essay not ___________ (submit) in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late．
2．____________ (accustom) to climbing the steep mountains，he had no difficulty reaching the top．
3．At the age of five he showed _____________ (except) talent as a musician．
submitted　
Accustomed　
exceptional　
4．A team has trained a computer to recognise more than 60 different non-verbal accents on a ___________ (simulate) face．
5．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international _________ (visible)．
6．All the time I was nervously walking across the narrow bridge，my heart ____ my mouth．
simulated　
visibility　
in　
7．The Internet is considered _______________(change) most people's lives since it was invented．
8．As a __________，he has __________ a great deal of music and many of his _________________ are well-known all around the world．
(compose)
to have changed　
composer
composed
compositions
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．shadow
A．影子　B．昏暗处；背光处　C．坏影响　D．少许；一丁点
(1)Someone jumped out of the shadows and grabbed my handbag． ___
(2)An oak tree cast its shadow over a tiny round pool． ___
(3)They stole the money，made a getaway and lived under the shadow of fear． ___
(4)It is a tragic story，but there is a shadow of hope． ___
B　
A　
C　
D
2．(2022·全国乙卷)That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts． ___
A．一群人　　　　　　B．专业人员
C．(飞机上的)全体工作人员
3．I got into a panic as I pressed firmly against the table and moved my head around trying to find the right angle，but it was no use． ___
A．夹角　　　　　　 B．角度
C．立场，观点
B　
B　
4．Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements．See how awesome you are？ ___
A．很好的，了不起的　　B．很困难的
C．可怕的
A
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．他在值班期间认真做好自己的工作，得到了大家的认可。
___________________，he did his part conscientiously，gaining everyone's recognition．
2．众所周知，学好英语对我们大家都大有益处。
①_________________________ learning English well will be of great benefit to us all．
②_______________________，learning English well will be of great benefit to us all．
③__________________________ is that learning English well will be of great benefit to us all．
While he was on duty　
It is well known to all that
As is well known to all　
What is well known to all
3．这就是为什么我申请这份需要耐心和细心的工作。
This is why I apply for the job _______________________________．
4．对于那些没有意识到友谊的重要性的人来说，这是一本值得一读的书。
For those _________________________________，this is a book worth reading．
where patience and care are needed　
unaware of the importance of friendship　
5．毫无疑问，中国在世界上扮演着极其重要的角色。
①_____________________________ China is playing a vital role in the world．
②___________________ China is playing a vital role in the world．
There is not/never any doubt that　
There is no doubt that
主题引领 写作提能
假定你是李华，听闻神舟二十二号载人飞船发射成功，上周六你们班全体同学参观了一场太空展。请你写一篇英语短文，阐述你对太空探索的看法。内容包括：
1．人们对太空探索表示担忧；
2．太空探索的意义；
3．你的看法。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Step 1　写作微练
①1986年美国“挑战者号”航天飞机发生爆炸，机上7名机组人员丧命，给人类太空探索蒙上了阴影。
In 1986，the American space shuttle Challenger exploded，which
__________________________________________________________________________．
killed seven crew members on board and cast a shadow on human space exploration　
②尽管这项工作危险且困难重重，但人类对宇宙和银河系的探索从来没有停下脚步。
____________________________________，human exploration of the universe and the Galaxy has never stopped．
③中国在贵州省建成了世界上最大的射电望远镜，使太空微粒清晰可见。
China __________________________________ in Guizhou Province，making _________________ clearly visible．
Hazardous and awesome though this work is　
built the world's largest radio telescope
space particles　
④人类已经步入了新时代，对太空的探索会越走越远。
______________________________，and the exploration of space will go further and further．
⑤无论遇到什么样的困难，中国人民会继续和平利用太空，参与到为人类谋福利的活动中。
_________________________________________________________，the Chinese people will continue to make peaceful use of space and ______________________ for the benefit of mankind．
Mankind has stepped into a new era　
No matter what kind of difficulties they encounter
engage in activities
Step 2　句式升级
⑥用动词-ing形式作状语和非限制性定语从句改写句①
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
⑦用with复合结构改写句④
___________________________________________________________________________________
In 1986，the American space shuttle Challenger exploded，killing seven crew members on board，which cast a shadow on human space exploration．　
With mankind having stepped into a new era，the exploration of space will go further and further．
Step 3　妙笔成篇
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In 1986，the American space shuttle Challenger exploded，killing seven crew members on board，which cast a shadow on human space exploration．
Hazardous and awesome though this work is，human exploration of the universe and the Galaxy has never stopped．Take China for example，China built the world's largest radio telescope in Guizhou Province，making space particles clearly visible．With mankind having stepped into a new era，the exploration of space will go further and further．
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
So no matter what kind of difficulties they encounter，the Chinese people will continue to make peaceful use of space and engage in activities for the benefit of mankind．
Step1　语料积累
教材 语料 亮词 rekindle；scream；suspend；submit；angle；fetch；sneeze
教材 语料 美句 1．Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets，their hearts in their mouths，aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was，and of the many things that could go wrong．
2．The world went into shock，most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane．How wrong they had been！Instantaneously，excitement and optimism turned into terror and failure．
3．We had seen the smiling faces of the astronauts waving to the world as they stepped into the shuttle．
拓展 语料 主题语境结尾升华技巧：脱困类 遇险脱困主要涉及在人与社会主题语境下，出现火灾、洪水、溺水、迷路等紧急情况。此类主题可采用下列升华诀窍：
诀窍一： 经历＋感悟 Finally，we went out of the forest that had trapped us．What an unforgettable experience! It turns out that there's always a way out of any difficult situation as long as we stay calm．
最后，我们走出了困住我们的森林。多么难忘的经历啊！事实证明，只要我们保持冷静，就总有办法脱离困境。
拓展 语料 诀窍二： 名言＋感悟 1．A friend in need is a friend indeed．True friends will not abandon us when we are in difficulties．
患难见真情。真正的朋友在我们困难时不会抛弃我们。
2．With joint efforts we finally achieved our goal．(Just as the old saying goes，“Where there's a will，there's a way．”)
在大家的共同努力下，我们终于达成了目标。(正如古语所说：“有志者，事竟成。”)
Step 2　语料运用
①终于，奖学金宣布的日子到了。Maya的心跳加速。突然，她听到了自己的名字。(with复合结构)
Finally，the day of the scholarship announcement arrived．
___________________________，suddenly，she heard her name．
②Maya很快提醒自己，她已经克服了所有的挑战。(remind)
Maya quickly __________________________________ she had already overcome．
With Maya's heart racing wildly　
reminded herself of all the challenges　
③她曾面临来自同学和家人的质疑，但她坚持不懈，全心投入学习和对天文学的热爱之中。(动词-ing形式作状语)
She had faced doubts from classmates and family，yet she had persevered，__________________________________________________．
pouring her heart into her studies and passion for astronomy　
④凭借坚定的决心，Maya成功了。每一次失败都激发了她成功的决心，她继续以新的活力追求自己的激情。
With firm determination，Maya succeeded．Each failure only fueled her resolve to succeed，and she _________________________________ with renewed vigor．
⑤Maya的旅程充满挑战，但她致力于克服成为宇航员道路上的每一个障碍。(committed)
Maya's journey was challenging，but she ______________________________________ in her path to becoming an astronaut．
continued to pursue her passion　
was committed to overcoming
every obstacle
题型组合练(四十二)　选择性必修第四册　Unit 6　Space and beyond
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：50分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·黑龙江哈尔滨二模)Many of the astronauts going up to space are among the smartest people on the planet． However，a new NASA study has found a surprising effect of space travel—it may actually slow down the human brain．
Contrary to what you might expect，researchers discovered that while space travelers orbit the Earth，they experience some temporary mental slowdowns，including processing information slower and difficulties with attention and memory．
Luckily，the study also finds spending months in space doesn't permanently scramble (打乱) an astronaut's cognitive (认知的) abilities． Their overall brain performance remains remarkably resilient (有适应力的)．
The study examined 25 professional astronauts who spent an average of six months aboard the International Space Station． Scientists tracked their cognitive performance through a series of rigorous (谨慎的) tests designed to measure everything from processing speed to memory and attention． “We show that there is no evidence of any significant cognitive impairment or neurodegenerative decline in astronauts spending six months on the ISS，” explains Dr．Sheena Dev，the study's lead researcher，in a media release．
So what exactly changed Think of it like your brain running in “low power mode”．Astronauts completed tasks just as accurately as they would on Earth，but they took slightly longer to process information．Processing speed，working memory，and attention were the most affected cognitive fields—similar to how you might feel after a stressful day without enough sleep． The most interesting but unusual finding is how quickly the brain adapts．Some performance changes，like slower attention spans，were only noticeable early in the mission．Others，like reduced processing speed，took a bit longer to return to normal after the astronauts returned to Earth．
These insights are more than just scientific curiosity．As humanity looks towards ambitious missions to the Moon and Mars，understanding how the human brain responds to extreme environments becomes crucial．This research provides a baseline for future space explorers，helping mission planners predict and reduce potential cognitive challenges．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了NASA的一项新研究发现，太空旅行可能导致宇航员出现短暂的认知减缓，但不会造成永久性损伤，且大脑具有恢复能力，最后强调了该研究对未来太空任务的意义。
1．How may astronauts perform during space travel
A．They take longer to respond to the tasks．
B．They complete tasks as quickly as on earth．
C．Their cognitive abilities are damaged heavily．
D．They spend years recovering their physical health．
A　[细节理解题。根据第二段内容以及第五段中的“Astronauts completed tasks just as accurately as they would on Earth，but they took slightly longer to process information．”可知，宇航员在太空旅行时完成任务的准确性和在地球上一样，但处理信息需要更长时间，也就是对任务的反应时间变长。故选A项。]
√
2．What does the underlined word “impairment” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Improvement．　 B．Damage．
C．Development．　 D．Change．
B　[词义猜测题。根据第三段内容可知，在太空待几个月不会永久性地损害宇航员的认知能力，可推测画线单词impairment的意思为“损害，损伤”。与damage意思一致。故选B项。]
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3．What can we learn from the passage
A．Astronauts' cognitive abilities remain stable wherever they are．
B．Astronauts' performance in space is much worse than that on Earth．
C．Astronauts' attention spans were always slower in the space．
D．Astronauts' brain performance can return to normal later．
D　[细节理解题。根据第三段内容以及第五段中的“Others，like reduced processing speed，took a bit longer to return to normal after the astronauts returned to Earth．”可知，宇航员的大脑功能稍后可以恢复正常。故选D项。]
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4．What does the last paragraph mainly about
A．The later plans for space missions．
B．The development of cognitive study．
C．The significance of the study．
D．The future of space exploration．
C　[段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“This research provides a baseline for future space explorers，helping mission planners predict and reduce potential cognitive challenges．”可知，本段强调了这项研究的重要性，即这项研究的意义。故选C项。]
√
B
(2026·山东泰安模拟)The 21st century has witnessed incomparable progress in space exploration． China's Chang'e-6 mission，landing on the moon's far side in 2024，collected rock samples containing rare helium-3，which could drive carbon-free applications in power plants，lunar energy networks，and space travel，with minimal radioactive waste and abundant lunar resources． Meanwhile，NASA's Artemis program is constructing a lunar base to test technologies like 3D-printed habitats and water recycling systems，essential for future Mars colonization． Private firms also contribute：SpaceX's Starship reduced launch costs by 70%，enabling universities to deploy mini-satellites for tracking climate change．
A milestone discovery came from Mars． NASA's Perseverance rover confirmed vast water ice deposits beneath the planet's surface—critical for producing oxygen and rocket fuel． However，long-term space habitation faces hurdles． Exposure to radiation in space during the 6-month Mars journey could damage astronauts' DNA，increasing cancer risks． Additionally，over 900，000 pieces of space debris(碎片)larger than 1 cm orbit Earth，threatening satellites． In 2025，Japan's JAXA launched a laser-equipped satellite to vaporize(汽化)small debris，while the EU's ClearSpace-2 mission will use robotic nets to capture large pieces．
Global cooperation accelerates breakthroughs． The China-Russia Lunar Research Station，planned for 2035，will study lunar soil for farming experiments． India's Aditya-L1 satellite cooperates with NASA to monitor solar storms that damage Earth's power network． Public engagement grows through initiatives like NASA's “Mars VR，” allowing students to virtually explore landscapes of Mars and analyze geological data．
Critics question the costs—$150 billion spent annually worldwide—arguing funds should address poverty or climate crises． Yet，space research has boosted life-saving technologies：MRI scanners generated from Apollo-era imaging systems，and water purification methods used in deserts came from spacecraft recycling． As humanity eyes star to star travel，balancing exploration with Earth's needs will define our universal heritage．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了21世纪太空探索的进展、面临的挑战以及全球合作在太空探索中的作用，同时回应了批评者对太空探索成本的质疑。
5．What is helium-3's potential use
A．Satellite production．　 B．Clean energy．
C．Medical research．　 D．Plant farming．
B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“... which could drive carbon-free applications in power plants，lunar energy networks，and space travel，with minimal radioactive waste and abundant lunar resources．”可知，氦-3的潜在用途是作为清洁能源。故选B。]
√
6．Why is Mars' water ice important
A．It cools engines．
B．It prevents radiation．
C．It attracts tourists．
D．It aids space missions．
D　[推理判断题。根据第二段中“NASA's Perseverance rover confirmed vast water ice deposits beneath the planet's surface—critical for producing oxygen and rocket fuel．”可知，火星上的水冰之所以重要，是因为它有助于太空任务。故选D。]
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7．How does Japan deal with space debris
A．Using robotic nets．
B．Recycling materials．
C．Capturing used satellites．
D．Turning them into watery dust．
D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“In 2025，Japan's JAXA launched a laser-equipped satellite to vaporize small debris，while the EU's ClearSpace-2 mission will use robotic nets to capture large pieces．”可知，日本用激光卫星把太空碎片汽化成水汽状物质，从而解决太空碎片问题。故选D。]
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8．How is the text organized
A．Question－explanation－suggestion．
B．Theory－practice－evaluation．
C．Achievement－problem－solution．
D．Situation－response－result．
C　[推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章先介绍了太空探索的成就，接着提出了太空探索面临的问题，最后给出了解决方案。由此可推知，文章是按照“成就——问题——解决方案”的结构来组织的。故选C。]
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Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2025·安徽芜湖二模)As I sat in the spaceship，travelling through the vast space，I was amazed by the greatness of the universe．
Our task was to explore a newly-discovered planet，Planet X．The journey was long and filled with 　1　．The meteors (流星) we met seemed to be 　2　 towards us like bullets． It was a(n) 　3　 moment，and everyone held their breath as our captain skillfully 　4　 the ship to avoid the effects．
Finally，we arrived near Planet X． Through the telescope，I saw a planet 　5　 in a mysterious purple fog． Landing on the planet was no easy task because the gravity was stronger than we had expected． Our landing gear (起落架) 　6　 some damage during the touchdown． 　7　， we were all safe in the end．
Stepping out of the ship，I was 　8　 by a strange-looking landscape． The 　9　 of the planet looked like a barren desert with fine sand shining brightly． As I collected samples，I 　10　 how insignificant we humans are in this vast universe． Every new 　11　. here made me more curious about what else is out there．
After 　12　 the data collected，we found that there existed some special chemicals on this planet． I couldn't wait to 　13　 more secrets of Planet X． As the sun set，I felt a 　14　 of excitement and exhaustion． It was a day of unexpected yet wonderful discoveries and I wondered what 　15　 we would experience in the future．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为宇航员探索新发现星球X的奇妙经历。
1．A．challenges　　 B．pains
C．differences　 D．joys
A　[考查名词词义辨析。 根据后文“The meteors we met seemed to be ________ towards us like bullets．”可知，流星像子弹一样袭来，所以旅程充满困难和挑战。故选A。]
√
2．A．walking　 B．pointing
C．looking　 D．flying
D　[考查动词词义辨析。 根据后文“towards us like bullets”可知，流星在太空中是高速运动的，所以是像子弹一样飞过来。故选D。]
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3．A．relaxing　 B．stressful
C．boring　 D．exciting
B　[考查形容词词义辨析。 根据前文“The meteors we met seemed to be ________ towards us like bullets．”和后文“and everyone held their breath”可知，面对流星像子弹一样袭来的危险情况，大家都很紧张。故选B。]
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4．A．escaped　 B．destroyed
C．operated　 D．abandoned
C　[考查动词词义辨析。根据后文“the ship to avoid the effects”可知，船长操纵飞船以避免流星的影响。故选C。]
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5．A．stuck　 B．involved
C．enveloped　 D．trapped
C　[考查动词词义辨析。 根据后文“in a mysterious purple fog”可知，这里表示行星被紫色雾气环绕、笼罩的状态。故选C。]
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6．A．suffered　 B．avoided
C．repaired　 D．stopped
A　[考查动词词义辨析。 根据后文“some damage during the touchdown”可知，起落架在着陆时受到了一些损坏，suffer damage表示“受损”。故选A。]
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7．A．Unluckily　 B．Obviously
C．Suddenly　 D．Thankfully
D　[考查副词词义辨析。 根据后文“we were all safe in the end”可知，虽然起落架受损，但是最后都安全了，这是值得庆幸的。故选D。]
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8．A．scared　 B．troubled
C．refused　 D．welcomed
D　[考查动词词义辨析。 根据后文“by a strange-looking landscape”可知，作者被眼前呈现的奇异的景色所吸引。故选D。]
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9．A．shape　 B．surface
C．inside　 D．structure
B　[考查名词词义辨析。 根据后文“of the planet looked like a barren desert”可知，此处描述的是行星的表面看起来像沙漠。故选B。]
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10．A．argued　 B．predicted
C．realized　 D．explained
C　[考查动词词义辨析。 根据后文“how insignificant we humans are in this vast universe”可知，作者在收集样本时意识到人类的渺小。故选C。]
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11．A．problem　 B．angle
C．discovery　 D．change
C　[考查名词词义辨析。 根据后文“here made me more curious about what else is out there”可知，每个新发现都让作者更加好奇。故选C。]
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12．A．looking into　 B．setting off
C．carrying out　 D．holding up
A　[考查动词短语辨析。根据后文“the data collected”可知，是研究了收集到的数据。故选A。]
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13．A．mask　 B．reveal
C．create　 D．keep
B　[考查动词词义辨析。 根据后文“more secrets of Planet X”可知，作者迫不及待地想揭开X行星的更多秘密。故选B。]
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14．A．culture　 B．conclusion
C．solution　 D．mixture
D　[考查名词词义辨析。 根据后文“of excitement and exhaustion”可知，作者感到既兴奋又疲惫，这是一种混合的感觉。故选D。]
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15．A．difficulties　 B．emergencies
C．adventures　 D．accidents
C　[考查名词词义辨析。 根据后文“we would experience in the future”可知，作者不知道将来会经历什么样的冒险。故选C。]
√
Ⅲ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2026·广东肇庆模拟)French scientists at the Institute de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP) are conducting testing on Chang'e-5 lunar samples，aiming to better understand the moon's early origins and its 1．__________ (form)．
As part of its April 24 announcement，the China National Space Administration allowed scientists from France，Germany and the US 2．__________ (borrow) Chang'e-5 lunar samples，further expanding global access to lunar research materials．
formation　
to borrow
Frederic Moynier，a professor at IPGP，3．__________ (transport) the Chang'e-5 lunar samples from China to his lab in Paris．He emphasized 4．____ rarity of the samples collected from a northern region of the moon's near side 5．___________ had never been sampled before．
According to Moynier，these samples show that volcanic activity on the moon existed longer than 6．____________ (previous) thought．
Using isotopic (同位素) analysis，he's identifying origins of various elements 7．____________ (contain) in the lunar soil．His goal is to compare these findings with other missions' samples to fill gaps 8．____ the understanding of the moon's history．
transported　
the
that/which　
previously　
contained
in　
Long Zhengyu，a Chinese PhD student at IPGP，pointed out that foreign 9．____________ (laboratory) can provide analysis and testing conditions for the Chang'e-5 lunar samples from China．The project is more than just a scientific effort；it also 10．_________ (serve) as a powerful example of global collaboration and knowledge-sharing．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了中法科学家研究嫦娥五号月球样本，发现月球火山活动持续时间比此前认为的更长，该项目是全球合作与知识共享的范例。
laboratories
serves　
1．formation　[考查名词。作动词的宾语，用名词formation，不可数。故填formation。]
2．to borrow　[考查非谓语动词。固定短语allow sb．to do sth．表示“允许某人做某事”。故填to borrow。]
3．transported　[考查动词时态。根据上文可知，发生在过去用一般过去时。故填transported。]
4．the　[考查冠词。此处特指从月球近侧北部地区采集到的这些样本的罕见性，用定冠词the。故填the。]
5．that/which　[考查定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词a northern region of the moon's near side，在从句中作主语，指物。故填that/which。]
6．previously　[考查副词。修饰动词thought用副词previously。故填previously。]
7．contained　[考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作定语，contain与逻辑主语elements构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填contained。]
8．in　[考查介词。短语fill gaps in表示“填补空缺”。故填in。]
9．laboratories　[考查名词复数。laboratory为可数名词，空前无限定词，所以此处用复数形式。故填laboratories。]
10．serves　[考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据上文is可知，此处为一般现在时，主语为it，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填serves。]
写作规范练(七)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：40分)
Ⅰ．应用文写作(满分15分)
(2026·山东烟台模拟)假定你是李华，你校英文报正在举办以 “AI in My Life”为主题的征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1．AI在你的生活中的应用；
2．你的感受和期待。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
AI in My Life
AI has integrated into multiple aspects of my daily life． Every morning，my smart alarm clock，guided by AI，wakes me up with a customized weather forecast and the latest news． Besides，AI-powered learning apps offer me explanations and study tips and efficiently aid in my English practice．
Thanks to AI，my routine has become more convenient and my academic performance has been dramatically boosted． AI has truly become a reliable helper in my life．
Full of anticipation for the future of AI，I'm eager to see AI making great leaps in fields such as healthcare and education，and continuing to shape our lives in amazing ways．
Ⅱ．读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2026·安徽马鞍山模拟) When I was in the third grade，I was picked to be the princess in the school play，and for weeks my mother painstakingly practiced my lines with me． But no matter how easily I delivered them at home，as soon as I stepped on to the stage，every word disappeared from my head．
Finally，my teacher took me aside． She explained that she had written a part of a narrator (叙述者) to the play，and asked me to switch roles． Her words，kindly delivered，still upsetting，especially when I saw my part go to another girl．
I didn't tell my mother what had happened when I went home for lunch that day． But she sensed my unease，and instead of suggesting we practice my lines，she asked if I wanted to walk in the yard．
It was a lovely spring day and the rose vine (藤蔓) was turning green． Under the huge trees，we could see yellow dandelions (蒲公英) through the grass in bunches，as if a painter had touched our landscape with spots of gold．I watched my mother casually bend down by one of the dandelions．“I think I'm going to dig up all these weeds，”she said，pulling a blossom up by its roots．“From now on，we'll have only roses in this garden．”
“But I like dandelions，” I protested．“All flowers are beautiful—even dandelions．” My mother looked at me seriously．“Yes，every flower gives pleasure in its own way，doesn't it？” She asked thoughtfully．I nodded，pleased that I had won her over． “And that is true of people too，” she added．“Not everyone can be a princess，but there is no shame in that．”
Relieved that she had guessed my pain，I started to cry as I told her what had happened． She listened and gave me a comforting smile．
“But you will be a beautiful narrator，” she said，reminding me of how much I loved to read stories aloud to her． “The narrator's part is every bit as important as the part of a princess．”
注意：1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Over the next few weeks，with her constant encouragement，I learned to take pride in the role．_______________________________
__________________________________________________________
After the play，I rushed home and found my mother waiting for me by the dandelions．___________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Over the next few weeks，with her constant encouragement，I learned to take pride in the role． My mother helped me practice my narration with the same care she had once used for the princess lines．She reminded me that the narrator guides the whole story and helps everyone understand the play better． At first，I still felt disappointed，but as I rehearsed more，I began to enjoy the rhythm of the words and the way my voice could bring the story to life． My teacher was impressed with my improvement and even praised my clear and emotional delivery．On the day of the play，I stood behind the curtain，heart pounding，but not with fear—this time，I was excited．When the lights came on and my voice filled the hall，I knew I had found my place in the story．
After the play，I rushed home and found my mother waiting for me by the dandelions． With tears in my eyes，I told her how the audience had clapped for me and how even the teacher had said I was the best narrator they'd ever had． She hugged me tightly and said，“Just like the dandelions，you've shown that every flower has its own beauty．” Looking at the golden blossoms in the grass，I finally understood what she meant． I didn't need to be a princess to shine． That spring day，standing beside her，I realized that being true to myself and doing my best was the most important thing of all．
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：40分)
Ⅰ．应用文写作(满分15分)
(2025·山东威海一模)假定你是李华，你校近期开展了丰富的课间体育活动，大大提高了同学们课间参与体育运动的热情。请根据下面提示，写一篇英语短文。
1．介绍基本情况；
2．你最喜欢的课间体育运动及原因；
3．你的期望。
写作规范练(八)
注意：1．词数80个左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Various sports activities between classes are in full swing in our school．___________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Various sports activities between classes are in full swing in our school． Every break，students flood to the playground，running，skipping，or playing tai chi． Rhythmic music fills the air，motivating and energizing everyone．
My favorite activity is definitely the aerobic exercises． They not only keep my muscles toned but also help me relieve stress from studies． The lively beats and dance steps make me feel alive and refreshed． For me，it's a perfect way to recharge before the next class!
I hope that our school will continue to promote such activities． They not only enhance our physical health but also foster a sense of unity and teamwork among us．
Ⅱ．读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The Cycles of Life
My mother took the container from my hands． Its leaves hung down the sides of the pot． For several months each year，the plant grew well，but in the winter months it would turn brown． For several years，Mom cared for it through the winter，rewarded with a revival of greenery each year in the early days of spring．
My mother's health grew worse over the decade of the plant's life． During a visit from Aunt Marion in late spring，when both the plant and my mom faced a difficult recovery，the plant changed hands again． Mom asked her sister if she could take care of the plant． Leaving Mom's house with a pot of soil and the dried plant，Aunt Marion carried it home，determined to save it．
During that summer，the leaves broke through the soil，and the plant grew again． As before，each winter it withered (枯萎)，to be renewed again in spring，starting with tiny shoots pushing through，developing tear-shaped leaves．
The plant cycled as it had done under my short care and my mother's care until one spring when Aunt Marion thought it couldn't survive and put it out with the trash． On a visit，my cousin Carole，seeing the plant on the rubbish，decided to give the determined plant one further chance． Carole took the container to her sunroom，hoping she could do something with it．
In the years since I first brought the plant home，four women from the family have cared and nurtured it，each in her own time． During those years，I also cycled through times when life was lush and green and times when I felt there would be no restoration of my heart's remains following difficult barren periods． A decade after my mother died，I moved over 500 miles from home，hoping for new beginnings． During the long winter months after the move，everything familiar was distant and I longed for the connections left behind．
注意：1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
The first June after the move，I returned for a visit and stayed with my cousin Carole．__________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
My eyes were filled with tears as I examined this plant more closely，recognizing the tiny leaves．___________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
The first June after the move，I returned for a visit and stayed with my cousin Carole． I was eager to see the family and friends I missed． One morning，as we shared coffee and conversation at Carole's kitchen table，I commented on the beauty of the plant hanging in her kitchen window． I saw it! The tiny，dark green leaves spilled over the sides of the flowerpot． Carole told me that was my mother's plant． I was shocked． Gone nearly twelve years，my mom returned to me in spirit on that soft spring morning．
My eyes were filled with tears as I examined this plant more closely，recognizing the tiny leaves． I thought of my mother and what she did to the plant．When I left，I took several cuttings．I carefully placed them in a small pot and watched them take root and grow．Eventually，they filled two large pots．The plant passed through the hands of my mother，my aunt and my cousin until it returned to me．It became a sweet reminder of the blessings we shared and how together we were rooted and grew through each other's love and nurturing．
谢 谢 ！题型组合练(四十二)　选择性必修第四册　Unit 6　Space and beyond
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：50分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·黑龙江哈尔滨二模)Many of the astronauts going up to space are among the smartest people on the planet． However，a new NASA study has found a surprising effect of space travel—it may actually slow down the human brain．
Contrary to what you might expect，researchers discovered that while space travelers orbit the Earth，they experience some temporary mental slowdowns，including processing information slower and difficulties with attention and memory．
Luckily，the study also finds spending months in space doesn't permanently scramble (打乱) an astronaut's cognitive (认知的) abilities． Their overall brain performance remains remarkably resilient (有适应力的)．
The study examined 25 professional astronauts who spent an average of six months aboard the International Space Station． Scientists tracked their cognitive performance through a series of rigorous (谨慎的) tests designed to measure everything from processing speed to memory and attention． “We show that there is no evidence of any significant cognitive impairment or neurodegenerative decline in astronauts spending six months on the ISS，” explains Dr． Sheena Dev，the study's lead researcher，in a media release．
So what exactly changed Think of it like your brain running in “low power mode”． Astronauts completed tasks just as accurately as they would on Earth，but they took slightly longer to process information． Processing speed，working memory，and attention were the most affected cognitive fields—similar to how you might feel after a stressful day without enough sleep． The most interesting but unusual finding is how quickly the brain adapts． Some performance changes，like slower attention spans，were only noticeable early in the mission． Others，like reduced processing speed，took a bit longer to return to normal after the astronauts returned to Earth．
These insights are more than just scientific curiosity． As humanity looks towards ambitious missions to the Moon and Mars，understanding how the human brain responds to extreme environments becomes crucial． This research provides a baseline for future space explorers，helping mission planners predict and reduce potential cognitive challenges．
1．How may astronauts perform during space travel
A．They take longer to respond to the tasks．
B．They complete tasks as quickly as on earth．
C．Their cognitive abilities are damaged heavily．
D．They spend years recovering their physical health．
2．What does the underlined word “impairment” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Improvement．　 B．Damage．
C．Development．　 D．Change．
3．What can we learn from the passage
A．Astronauts' cognitive abilities remain stable wherever they are．
B．Astronauts' performance in space is much worse than that on Earth．
C．Astronauts' attention spans were always slower in the space．
D．Astronauts' brain performance can return to normal later．
4．What does the last paragraph mainly about
A．The later plans for space missions．
B．The development of cognitive study．
C．The significance of the study．
D．The future of space exploration．
B
(2026·山东泰安模拟)The 21st century has witnessed incomparable progress in space exploration． China's Chang'e-6 mission，landing on the moon's far side in 2024，collected rock samples containing rare helium-3，which could drive carbon-free applications in power plants，lunar energy networks，and space travel，with minimal radioactive waste and abundant lunar resources． Meanwhile，NASA's Artemis program is constructing a lunar base to test technologies like 3D-printed habitats and water recycling systems，essential for future Mars colonization． Private firms also contribute：SpaceX's Starship reduced launch costs by 70%，enabling universities to deploy mini-satellites for tracking climate change．
A milestone discovery came from Mars． NASA's Perseverance rover confirmed vast water ice deposits beneath the planet's surface—critical for producing oxygen and rocket fuel． However，long-term space habitation faces hurdles． Exposure to radiation in space during the 6-month Mars journey could damage astronauts' DNA，increasing cancer risks． Additionally，over 900，000 pieces of space debris(碎片)larger than 1 cm orbit Earth，threatening satellites． In 2025，Japan's JAXA launched a laser-equipped satellite to vaporize(汽化)small debris，while the EU's ClearSpace-2 mission will use robotic nets to capture large pieces．
Global cooperation accelerates breakthroughs． The China-Russia Lunar Research Station，planned for 2035，will study lunar soil for farming experiments． India's Aditya-L1 satellite cooperates with NASA to monitor solar storms that damage Earth's power network． Public engagement grows through initiatives like NASA's “Mars VR，” allowing students to virtually explore landscapes of Mars and analyze geological data．
Critics question the costs—$150 billion spent annually worldwide—arguing funds should address poverty or climate crises． Yet，space research has boosted life-saving technologies：MRI scanners generated from Apollo-era imaging systems，and water purification methods used in deserts came from spacecraft recycling． As humanity eyes star to star travel，balancing exploration with Earth's needs will define our universal heritage．
5．What is helium-3's potential use
A．Satellite production．　 B．Clean energy．
C．Medical research．　 D．Plant farming．
6．Why is Mars' water ice important
A．It cools engines．
B．It prevents radiation．
C．It attracts tourists．
D．It aids space missions．
7．How does Japan deal with space debris
A．Using robotic nets．
B．Recycling materials．
C．Capturing used satellites．
D．Turning them into watery dust．
8．How is the text organized
A．Question－explanation－suggestion．
B．Theory－practice－evaluation．
C．Achievement－problem－solution．
D．Situation－response－result．
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2025·安徽芜湖二模)As I sat in the spaceship，travelling through the vast space，I was amazed by the greatness of the universe．
Our task was to explore a newly-discovered planet，Planet X． The journey was long and filled with 　1　． The meteors (流星) we met seemed to be 　2　 towards us like bullets． It was a(n) 　3　 moment，and everyone held their breath as our captain skillfully 　4　 the ship to avoid the effects．
Finally，we arrived near Planet X． Through the telescope，I saw a planet 　5　 in a mysterious purple fog． Landing on the planet was no easy task because the gravity was stronger than we had expected． Our landing gear (起落架) 　6　 some damage during the touchdown． 　7　， we were all safe in the end．
Stepping out of the ship，I was 　8　 by a strange-looking landscape． The 　9　 of the planet looked like a barren desert with fine sand shining brightly． As I collected samples，I 　10　 how insignificant we humans are in this vast universe． Every new 　11　 here made me more curious about what else is out there．
After 　12　 the data collected，we found that there existed some special chemicals on this planet． I couldn't wait to 　13　 more secrets of Planet X． As the sun set，I felt a 　14　 of excitement and exhaustion． It was a day of unexpected yet wonderful discoveries and I wondered what 　15　 we would experience in the future．
1．A．challenges　　 B．pains
C．differences　 D．joys
2．A．walking　 B．pointing
C．looking　 D．flying
3．A．relaxing　 B．stressful
C．boring　 D．exciting
4．A．escaped　 B．destroyed
C．operated　 D．abandoned
5．A．stuck　 B．involved
C．enveloped　 D．trapped
6．A．suffered　 B．avoided
C．repaired　 D．stopped
7．A．Unluckily　 B．Obviously
C．Suddenly　 D．Thankfully
8．A．scared　 B．troubled
C．refused　 D．welcomed
9．A．shape　 B．surface
C．inside　 D．structure
10．A．argued　 B．predicted
C．realized　 D．explained
11．A．problem　 B．angle
C．discovery　 D．change
12．A．looking into　 B．setting off
C．carrying out　 D．holding up
13．A．mask　 B．reveal
C．create　 D．keep
14．A．culture　 B．conclusion
C．solution　 D．mixture
15．A．difficulties　 B．emergencies
C．adventures　 D．accidents
Ⅲ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2026·广东肇庆模拟)French scientists at the Institute de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP) are conducting testing on Chang'e-5 lunar samples，aiming to better understand the moon's early origins and its 1．________ (form)．
As part of its April 24 announcement，the China National Space Administration allowed scientists from France，Germany and the US 2．________ (borrow) Chang'e-5 lunar samples，further expanding global access to lunar research materials．
Frederic Moynier，a professor at IPGP，3．______ (transport) the Chang'e-5 lunar samples from China to his lab in Paris．He emphasized 4．________ rarity of the samples collected from a northern region of the moon's near side 5．________ had never been sampled before．
According to Moynier，these samples show that volcanic activity on the moon existed longer than 6．________ (previous) thought．Using isotopic (同位素) analysis，he's identifying origins of various elements 7．________ (contain) in the lunar soil．His goal is to compare these findings with other missions' samples to fill gaps 8．________ the understanding of the moon's history．
Long Zhengyu，a Chinese PhD student at IPGP，pointed out that foreign 9．________ (laboratory) can provide analysis and testing conditions for the Chang'e-5 lunar samples from China．The project is more than just a scientific effort；it also 10．______ (serve) as a powerful example of global collaboration and knowledge-sharing．
题型组合练(四十二)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了NASA的一项新研究发现，太空旅行可能导致宇航员出现短暂的认知减缓，但不会造成永久性损伤，且大脑具有恢复能力，最后强调了该研究对未来太空任务的意义。
1．A　[细节理解题。根据第二段内容以及第五段中的“Astronauts completed tasks just as accurately as they would on Earth，but they took slightly longer to process information．”可知，宇航员在太空旅行时完成任务的准确性和在地球上一样，但处理信息需要更长时间，也就是对任务的反应时间变长。故选A项。]
2．B　[词义猜测题。根据第三段内容可知，在太空待几个月不会永久性地损害宇航员的认知能力，可推测画线单词impairment的意思为“损害，损伤”。与damage意思一致。故选B项。]
3．D　[细节理解题。根据第三段内容以及第五段中的“Others，like reduced processing speed，took a bit longer to return to normal after the astronauts returned to Earth．”可知，宇航员的大脑功能稍后可以恢复正常。故选D项。]
4．C　[段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“This research provides a baseline for future space explorers，helping mission planners predict and reduce potential cognitive challenges．”可知，本段强调了这项研究的重要性，即这项研究的意义。故选C项。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了21世纪太空探索的进展、面临的挑战以及全球合作在太空探索中的作用，同时回应了批评者对太空探索成本的质疑。
5．B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“... which could drive carbon-free applications in power plants，lunar energy networks，and space travel，with minimal radioactive waste and abundant lunar resources．”可知，氦-3的潜在用途是作为清洁能源。故选B。]
6．D　[推理判断题。根据第二段中“NASA's Perseverance rover confirmed vast water ice deposits beneath the planet's surface—critical for producing oxygen and rocket fuel．”可知，火星上的水冰之所以重要，是因为它有助于太空任务。故选D。]
7．D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“In 2025，Japan's JAXA launched a laser-equipped satellite to vaporize small debris，while the EU's ClearSpace-2 mission will use robotic nets to capture large pieces．”可知，日本用激光卫星把太空碎片汽化成水汽状物质，从而解决太空碎片问题。故选D。]
8．C　[推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章先介绍了太空探索的成就，接着提出了太空探索面临的问题，最后给出了解决方案。由此可推知，文章是按照“成就——问题——解决方案”的结构来组织的。故选C。]
Ⅱ．1－5　ADBCC　6－10　ADDBC　11－15　CABDC
Ⅲ．1．formation　2．to borrow　3．transported　4．the　5．that/
which　6．previously　7．contained　8．in　9．laboratories
10．serves
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