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/ 让学习更有效 期末培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 期末培优卷 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年八年级下册英语沪教版（五四学制）（新教材）
期末能力提升培优卷
注意事项 考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求 1.本试卷共8页，包含选择题（第1题~第45题，共45题）、非选择题（第46题~第76题，共31题）两部分。本卷满分120分，考试时间为100分钟。考试结束后，请将本试卷一并交回。 2.答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷的规定位置，在试卷第一面的右下角填写好座位号。
一、单项选择（共15小题；每小题1分，计15分）
在下列各题A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个能填入题干空白处的最佳答案。
1．—It is said that people born in the Year of the Sheep are gentle.
—________. My cousin is born in the Year of the Sheep. She gets angry easily sometimes.
A．I can’t agree more B．That’s all right C．That’s not true D．I suppose so
2．We can ________ describe what the island is like, because we have never been there before.
A．hardly B．wisely C．widely D．directly
3．—Do you know ________ red stands for good luck in China
—Sure.
A．who B．when C．what D．that
4．The beautiful street lamps ________ the road at night.
A．put up B．turn up C．give up D．light up
5．— As for Reading Week, I suggest we should choose a foreign novel.
— ________, although I still believe local stories are also worth sharing.
A．That’s all right B．It doesn’t matter
C．I see your point D．I don’t agree at all
6．You’d better wear warm clothes ________ you won’t catch a cold in the cold weather.
A．unless B．so that C．although D．as soon as
7．My alarm didn’t ________ this morning, so I woke up late.
A．go away B．go on C．go out D．go off
8．Tom used to be ________ of water, but he started swimming to ________ his fear.
A．scary, learn from B．scary, give up
C．scared, get over D．scared, get into
9．Many people volunteer for the charity, ________ young people.
A．exactly B．almost C．probably D．especially
10．—Who taught your grandma to use the health app on her phone
—Nobody. She learned it all by ________.
A．himself B．herself C．myself D．yourself
11．—I have a bad headache. What should I do
—________
A．Good idea. B．You can cook. C．You should rest. D．That’s funny.
12．—Why are you upset
—________
A．I lost my key. B．It’s sunny. C．No problem. D．Thank you.
13．—I haven’t read the new novel.
—________.
A．Neither have I B．Neither I have C．So I have D．So have I
14．You should talk to your parents ________ they can understand you well.
A．until B．although C．so that D．unless
15．The movie was ________ boring ________ I fell asleep.
A．too; to B．so; that C．very; that D．such; that
二、完形填空（共 15 小题；每小题1分，计15分）
阅读下面短文，从文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
When the music stopped, 13-year-old Li Yongqiu finished his show with a cool headstand. Everyone 16 ! On March 8, the young dancer from Chongqing won first 17 at Juste Debout 2026, a famous street dance competition in Paris, France.
Li started learning street dance at the 18 of 8. He practiced for about two hours each school day and five hours each day on 19 . He also trained in Chinese martial arts (武术) and 20 these skills into his dance. This made his moves clean and 21 .
Many kids are afraid of getting hurt while learning difficult moves, but Li is different—the 22 the move, the more he wants to learn it. When he fails, he always tries to 23 out why. His coach Lei Kai said that he dances not just with his 24 but also with his mind. At the competition, Li faced dancers from 25 the world. Though he is smaller and thinner than many others, his moves are 26 . By mixing drunken fist (醉拳) with street dance, he can change freely between fast and 27 moves.
At first, Li’s coaches just wanted him to meet and 28 from great dancers. They never expected him to win. However, Li told Hongxing News that his real goal was always to be No.1. “Street dance is about staying positive and fighting until the 29 . My next goal is to win again,” Li said, showing his strong 30 to keep going.
16．A．ended B．cheered C．cried D．laughed
17．A．score B．time C．place D．round
18．A．age B．year C．grade D．level
19．A．weekdays B．weekends C．mornings D．evenings
20．A．mixed B．changed C．turned D．suffered
21．A．common B．special C．simple D．slow
22．A．easier B．harder C．better D．faster
23．A．work B．take C．find D．bring
24．A．head B．hands C．body D．feet
25．A．around B．in C．across D．through
26．A．weak B．soft C．strong D．light
27．A．quick B．proud C．slow D．loud
28．A．learn B．copy C．win D．repeat
29．A．beginning B．middle C．end D．start
30．A．habit B．spirit C．plan D．interest
三、阅读理解（共15 小题；每小题2分，计30分）
阅读下列内容，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
A
In a recent interview, a British pop star shares his opinions. He says he wants to encourage children to see a career in music as something achievable. He says it is not an impossible dream, and we can make it happen. To help young people get there, he has set up his own company to give children in the UK better chances to learn music.
The pop star tells a newspaper office that music was not taken seriously when he was at school. He wants to change that. He also says working in music was not seen as a “real job” before. But research shows there are over 215,000 people working in music in the UK. Once, music brought more than $9,000,000,000 to the UK.
▲ He says his company has already supported 18 schools and music companies. He wants to help young people get musical instruments and make sure they have good music teachers.
Of course, not every young person who learns music at school will be a star like him. He gets more than $365,000,000 from his music. He breaks records around the world and wins four Grammy Awards. He says 150 people work for him, doing many different jobs.
But even if young people do not choose music as their jobs, he says music is still important in their lives. When he was a child, he learnt to play the piano before he started writing songs. He says it was really good for his mental (精神) health.
31．What does the underlined word “achievable” mean
A．Possible. B．Simple. C．Main. D．Normal.
32．Why does the writer talk about the money that music brought to the UK
A．To show music is popular. B．To show music is important.
C．To show where music companies are. D．To show when music became a job.
33．Which sentence can be put in “ ▲ ” Paragraph 3
A．Schools need more music teachers.
B．Many children want to be pop stars.
C．Many students can’t afford instruments.
D．His company helps poor students.
34．Why does the star think music is important
A．It brings him much money. B．It makes him famous.
C．It is good for his mental health. D．It helps him win Grammys.
35．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．A star helps kids learn music. B．Music can make people rich.
C．How to become a pop star. D．The history of music in the UK
B
A typhoon is a large, spinning storm (旋转的风暴) that happens in the western Pacific Ocean. Typhoons get their energy from warm ocean water. When the temperature of the sea water is over 26. 5℃, warm and wet air would rise and form thick clouds. Because of the Earth’s rotation (自转), the air around begins to spin. Once wind speeds reach 119 km/h, the storm becomes a typhoon.The strongest ones are faster than 252 km/h.
②
Check the news for bad weather. When a typhoon comes close, read weather updates every six hours. Check if your house is strong enough for high winds. Fix weak areas if needed. Farmers: harvest crops that are ready. Fishermen: move boats to a safe place.
Cover windows with strong boards or shutters. Keep animals in a safe place. Prepare flashlights with new batteries. Also get candles and matches. Keep important documents (文件) in a safe place.
Store enough food and clean water. Choose food that does not need cooking. Pack a grab bag with first aid, candles, flashlight, clothes and food. Plan ahead and decide when you may need to move to a safer area.
36．Why does the writer list several numbers in the first paragraph
A．To share a feeling. B．To give an opinion.
C．To explain a fact. D．To offer an answer.
37．What gives a typhoon its power
A．Wind from the land. B．Heat from the sun over land.
C．Warm ocean water. D．Cold air over the ocean.
38．Which can best fit the blank “②” in the text
A．What to do during a typhoon B．Where to hide from a typhoon
C．When a typhoon will happen D．What to do before a typhoon
39．According to the text, which food is the best to store before a typhoon
A．Bread. B．Fresh fish. C．Potatoes. D．Noodles.
40．Where would this text most likely appear
A．In a history book. B．In a diary.
C．In a storybook. D．On a weather website.
C
①In China, safety education is becoming more and more important now. The last Monday in March is for students to learn it at school. It helps students learn more about what they should do to keep themselves safe. What are the accidents at school Take a look.
②A stampede always happens in crowded places. When students around you begin to push, just stand there and try to hold onto something. If you fall down in the crowd, move to one side and protect your head with your arms.
③When earthquakes happen, you can get under a desk quickly and hold on. It’ll protect you from falling things. If you are outdoors, find a place away from buildings, trees, and power lines.
④When there’s a fire, leave the classroom quickly. It’s better to put something wet over your mouth and nose. In this way, you won’t breathe in smoke. Many people die in a fire, not because of the fire but the smoke. It makes them cough and they can’t breathe. That’s very dangerous! So when you want to get out, you should make yourself close to the floor. Then you can breathe some fresh air.
⑤Stampedes, earthquakes and fires are the main accidents at school. Next time something terrible happens, we are sure you can protect yourself successfully if you follow the ways mentioned above.
41．What are the main accidents at school mentioned in the passage
A．Stampedes, earthquakes and floods. B．Earthquakes, fires and snowstorms.
C．Stampedes, earthquakes and fires. D．Fires, car accidents and stampedes.
42．What does the underlined word “stampede” mean
A．火灾 B．踩踏 C．地震 D．烟雾
43．What should you do if you fall down in a stampede
A．Make yourself close to the floor.
B．Move to one side and protect your head with your arms.
C．Put something wet over your mouth and nose.
D．Push the people around you.
44．Which of the following sentences is NOT right about the fire accident
A．When there’s a fire, leave the classroom quickly.
B．Many people die in a fire because of the smoke.
C．Stand straight and run quickly out of the classroom.
D．Cover your mouth and nose with something wet.
45．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage (①=Paragraph 1…)
A． B． C． D．
四、词汇运用（共10小题；每小题1分，计10分）
根据句子意思，用括号中所给汉语提示或英语单词的适当形式填空。写出空缺处所填单词的正确形式。
46．It’s ________ (polite) to stop others when they are talking.
47．Our school offers students a _________ (complete) free chance to read this novel.
48．The _________ (discover) of new lands changed the course of history.
49．The two families solved the problem in a quite ________ (peace) way.
50．The Silk Road was an important ________ (economy) bridge between the East and the West.
51．The weather on Mount Qomolangma is ________ (多变的), and it can change in a very short time.
52．It is ________ (必要的) for us to learn how to help others in a proper way.
53．I don’t know ________ (是否) my uncle will come to my birthday party tomorrow or not.
54．In fact, everyone was born with such ________ (创造力).
55．He won an ________ (奖品) for his excellent performance in the competition.
五、阅读表达（共5 小题；每小题2分，计10分）
阅读下面材料，并按要求完成各题。
In the Han Dynasty, there was a young boy called Kuang Heng. He was born into a poor family. He liked reading books very much. He needed to work during daytime, so he had to read books at night. But he was too poor to buy a candle.
One day, he found his neighbour had candles, but the light couldn’t go through the wall into his room. So he dug a small hole in the wall so that he could use the light to read books. From that day on, he read books every night until the light went out.
However, he finished reading all his books and there were no books for him to read. Then he went to a rich man’s house and worked for him without asking for money. The rich man asked, “Why don’t you want the money ” Kuang Heng said, “Because I only want to borrow books from you.” The rich man agreed. Kuang Heng read the books one by one.
Finally, he became a great scholar (学者) in Chinese history.
56．Which dynasty did Kuang Heng live in
57．What did Kuang Heng like doing very much
58．Why couldn’t he buy a candle
59．When Kuang Heng went to the rich man’s house, what did he really want to do
60．What do you think of Kuang Heng
六、短文填空（共 10空；每空1分，计10分）
阅读下面的短文，在短文空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。将所填答案填写在相应题号的横线上。
On April 19, something 61 (amaze) happened in Beijing. Some 21 humanoid (人形的) robots ran in the half-marathon (21 km) with 12,000 human runners. This was the first time for robots 62 (run) in such a long race.
These robots in different shapes and sizes were from different Chinese companies. But to join the race, they all had to run on two legs. Some even 63 (wear) running shoes. Like racecars, the robots had a human operator (操作员) to help them. They could also have their batteries changed during the race 64 (make) sure they could reach the end. Usually, robots with two legs like people cannot keep balance 65 (easy), just think about how a baby learns to stand and walk.
How did these robot runners do The 66 (win) was Tiangong Ultra from the Beijing Innovation Center of Human Robotics. It finished in two hours and 40 minutes. For comparison (比较), 67 (fast) human runner finished in one hour and two minutes. Some robots had trouble running. One fell at the starting line, and another knocked over an engineer after a few meters.
Even so, the race proved to be 68 (success). The race attracted a lot of 69 (report) from different countries, who came to record this special event. The robots managed to get tested for their skills like stability (稳定性), speed and battery life. In the future, maybe they will be used in factories, hospitals or even space!
“Though running might be a small step for humans, it’s a big leap for robots,” said Liang Liang, E-Town’s deputy director. Scientists 70 (make) great progress in making robots move more like humans so far.
七、书面表达（计30分）
A.句子翻译（共5 小题；每小题2分，计10分）
将下列句子译成英语，并将所译句子写在横线上。
71．智能手机使人们即使身处远方也能互相交流成为可能。
___________________________________________________
72．我们会把所有信息汇总，选出最重要的建议。
___________________________________________________
73．通过设定一些规则和期望，父母们能帮助我们学习如何预算和理财。
___________________________________________________
74．许多年轻消费者容易受到广告的影响，而忽视衣服的质量。
________________________________________________________
75．无论谁遇到困难，这位艺术家都愿意提供帮助。
___________________________________________________
B.写作（计20分）
76．假如你是李华，你的朋友Lily给你发邮件说她最近很不开心。请你根据导图中的提示，给Lily回一封不少于100词的电子邮件，并给她提一些建议。
注意事项：1.短文须包含以上内容，可以适当发挥；
2.词数100个左右；
3.文中不得出现真实的人名、地名等信息。
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/ 让学习更有效 期末培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 期末培优卷 | 英语学科
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
参考答案及试题解析
1．C
【解析】句意：——据说属羊的人性格温和。——那不是真的。我的表妹属羊。她有时很容易生气。
I can’t agree more非常赞同；That’s all right不客气；That’s not true不是这样的；I suppose so我想是的。答语“My cousin is born in the Year of the Sheep. She gets angry easily sometimes.”提示，说话者举反例反驳了上句的观点，因此空格处应表示不同意或否定。
2．A
【解析】句意：我们几乎不能描述这个岛屿是什么样子，因为我们以前从未去过那里。
hardly几乎不；wisely明智地；widely广泛地；directly直接地。根据“because we have never been there before”可知，因为从未去过那里，所以几乎无法描述岛屿的样子。应选hardly。
3．D
【解析】句意：——你知道在中国红色代表好运吗？——当然。
who指代人；when表时间；what在从句充当句子成分；that无词义、不作句子成分。从句red stands for good luck in China句意完整、不缺成分，用that引导。
4．D
【解析】句意：美丽的路灯在夜晚照亮了道路。
put up张贴；搭建；turn up（音量）调大；give up放弃；light up照亮，点亮。根据主语“street lamps”和时间状语“at night”可知，此处需要表示“照亮”的含义。
5．C
【解析】句意：——关于阅读周，我建议我们应该选一本外国小说。——我明白你的观点，虽然我仍然认为本土故事也值得分享。
That’s all right没关系；It doesn’t matter没关系；I see your point我理解你的意思；I don’t agree at all我根本不同意你。根据although可知，后半句表示让步关系，说明说话者对对方的建议持理解或部分认同的态度。A项和B项通常用于回应道歉或感谢；D项表示完全反对，语气过于强烈与后半句逻辑不吻合；C选项表示理解对方的观点，符合语境。
6．B
【解析】句意：你最好穿暖和的衣服，以便在寒冷的天气里你不会感冒。
unless除非；so that以便；although虽然；as soon as一……就……。根据句意可知，穿暖和衣服的目的是为了不感冒，表示目的状语，应用so that引导。
7．D
【解析】句意：今天早上我的闹钟没响，所以我醒来晚了。
go away离开；go on继续；go out出去，熄灭；go off(闹钟)响。根据“My alarm”及后文“woke up late”可知，此处表示闹钟没有响导致醒晚。go off符合语境。
8．C
【解析】句意：汤姆过去怕水，但他开始游泳来克服他的恐惧。
scary可怕的（修饰物）；scared害怕的（修饰人）；learn from向……学习；give up放弃；get over克服；get into进入。第一空修饰人“Tom”，应用scared，be scared of表示“害怕……”；第二空根据“started swimming”可知，游泳是为了克服恐惧，get over符合语境。
9．D
【解析】句意：许多人为慈善机构做志愿者，尤其是年轻人。
exactly准确地；almost几乎；probably可能；especially特别是。根据句意，强调年轻人更突出，应填especially。
10．B
【解析】句意：——谁教你奶奶用手机上的健康应用程序的？——没有人。她是完全靠她自己学的。
himself他自己；herself她自己；myself我自己；yourself你自己。根据“Nobody.”可知，没人教，因此是自学的，by oneself“独自、靠自己”是固定搭配，此处应用反身代词，主语是She，应填其反身代词herself。
11．C
【解析】句意：——我头痛得厉害。我该怎么办？——你应该休息。
Good idea.好主意；You can cook.你可以做饭；You should rest.你应该休息；That’s funny.那很有趣。根据上文“I have a bad headache. What should I do ”可知说话人头痛寻求建议，答句中需要提出休息的建议，应填You should rest。
12．A
【解析】句意：——你为什么闷闷不乐？——我弄丢了我的钥匙。
I lost my key我弄丢了我的钥匙；It’s sunny天气晴朗；No problem没问题；Thank you谢谢你。问句询问难过的缘由，丢失钥匙是低落的原因，因此选I lost my key。
13．A
【解析】句意：——我还没读过这本新小说。——我也没读过。
Neither have I我也没……，用于否定情况的倒装；Neither I have结构错误，否定倒装需将助动词提前；So I have我确实如此，用于肯定情况的强调；So have I我也……，用于肯定情况的倒装。上句“haven’t read”是否定句，应用Neither引导的倒装句，结构为“Neither+助动词+主语”。应填Neither have I。
14．C
【解析】句意：你应该和你的父母谈谈，以便他们能很好地理解你。
until直到；although尽管；so that以便；unless除非。根据语境分析，后一分句“他们能很好地理解你”是前一分句“和父母谈谈”的目的，应用so that引导目的状语从句。选项C符合题意。
15．B
【解析】句意：这部电影如此无聊，以至于我睡着了。
too...to...太……而不能……，后接动词原形，不能接句子；so...that...如此……以至于……，引导结果状语从句；very不能与that连用构成结果状语从句，such...that...如此……以至于……，但其结构为such+(a/an)+……(形容词)+名词+that从句。本题空格后直接是形容词boring，没有名词，应填so；that。
16．B 17．C 18．A 19．B 20．A 21．B 22．B 23．C 24．C 25．A 26．C 27．C 28．A 29．C 30．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了13岁的重庆少年李永秋将中国武术融入街舞，凭借刻苦训练和积极思考，在法国巴黎知名街舞赛事中夺冠的成长故事。
【解析】16．句意：每个人都欢呼起来！
根据“finished his show with a cool headstand”可知，他以酷炫的头倒立结束表演，大家为他精彩的表演欢呼，cheered“欢呼”符合语境。ended“结束”；cried“哭泣”；laughed“大笑”均不符合语境。
17．句意：3月8日，这位来自重庆的年轻舞者在法国巴黎著名的街舞比赛Juste Debout 2026中获得第一名。
根据“won first”和常识可知，此处指赢得第一名，固定搭配win first place。score“分数”；time“时间”；round“轮”无此搭配。
18．句意：李在8岁时开始学习街舞。
根据“at the…of 8”可知，此处表示在8岁时，固定搭配at the age of，age符合语境。year“年”；grade“年级”；grade“水平”无此搭配。
19．句意：他在上学日每天练习约两小时，周末每天练习五小时。
根据“each school day”和前后文逻辑可知，此处与上学日对应，表示周末weekends。weekdays“工作日”；mornings“早上”；evenings“晚上”不符合逻辑。
20．句意：他还训练了中国武术，并将这些技巧融入到他的舞蹈中。
根据“…these skills into his dance”可知，此处指将武术技巧混合融入舞蹈中，固定搭配mix…into...。changed“改变”；turned“转变”；suffered“遭受”不符合搭配。
21．句意：这让他的动作干净且特别。
根据“mixed these skills into his dance”可知，融入武术让他的动作与众不同，即特别的special。common“普通的”；simple“简单的”；slow“慢的”不符合语境。
22．句意：动作越难，他越想学。
根据“Many kids are afraid of getting hurt while learning difficult moves, but Li is different”可知，别人害怕困难的动作，但他不同，动作越难他越想学，符合“the+比较级，the+比较级”句型，harder“更难的”符合他的心理。easier“更容易的”；better“更好的”；faster“更快的”。
23．句意：当他失败时，他总是试图找出原因。
根据“…out why”可知，此处指查明、找出原因，固定搭配find out。work“工作”；take“拿”；bring“带来”均不符合语境。
24．句意：他的教练雷凯说，他不仅用身体跳舞，还用头脑跳舞。
根据“not just with his…but also with his mind”可知，此处与mind对应，表示身体body。head“头”；hands“手”；feet“脚”。
25．句意：在比赛中，李面对来自世界各地的舞者。
根据“…the world”可知，此处指来自世界各地，固定搭配around the world。in“在……里”；across“横穿”；through“穿过”无此搭配。
26．句意：虽然他比许多人更小更瘦，但他的动作很有力。
根据“Though he is smaller and thinner”可知，前后为让步转折关系，虽然瘦小但动作有力，strong“有力的”符合语境。weak“虚弱的”；soft“柔软的”；light“轻的”不符合逻辑。
27．句意：通过将醉拳与街舞混合，他可以在快动作和慢动作之间自由切换。
根据“between fast and…”可知，此处与fast对应，表示慢动作，slow“慢的”与之对应。quick“快的”；proud“骄傲的”；loud“大声的”无对应关系
28．句意：起初，李的教练只是想让他去见见优秀的舞者并向他们学习。
根据“…from great dancers”可知，此处指向优秀的舞者学习，固定搭配learn from。copy“复制”；win“赢”；repeat“重复”无法表达此含义。
29．句意：街舞就是保持积极并战斗到最后。
根据“fighting until the…”可知，此处指战斗到最后，固定搭配until the end。beginning“开始”；middle“中间”；start“开始”不符合语境。
30．李说，展现了他坚持下去的强烈精神。
根据“staying positive and fighting until the end”可知，这体现了他坚持不懈的强烈精神，spirit“精神”符合语境。habit“习惯”；plan“计划”；interest“兴趣”均不符合语境。
31．A 32．B 33．C 34．C 35．A
【导语】本文讲述了一位英国流行歌星通过创办公司帮助孩子学习音乐，并强调音乐对心理健康的重要性。
【解析】31．第一段的“it is not an impossible dream, and we can make it happen”表明，梦想并非不可能，而是可以实现的，因此“achievable”意为“可能的”。
32．第二段先指出过去音乐不被当作“真正的工作”，随后作者给出具体数据“But research shows there are over 215,000 people working in music in the UK. Once, music brought more than $9,000,000,000 to the UK.”，英国有超过21.5万人从事音乐行业、音乐为英国带来超过90亿美元收入，这些数据是为了证明音乐具有重要的经济价值，从而反驳“音乐不是真正工作”的旧观念，因此作者谈论这些钱的目的是说明音乐很重要。
33．第三段空后“But research shows there are over 215,000 people working in music in the UK. Once, music brought more than $9,000,000,000 to the UK.”，公司“帮助年轻人获得乐器”，最直接的原因是很多学生买不起乐器。选项C“Many students can’t afford instruments”与此形成清晰的因果关系。本题易错选D项，D项是对下文公司行为的概括总结，而C项提供了原因背景，逻辑更严密，且与后文的“get musical instruments”形成直接呼应。
34．最后一段的“he learnt to play the piano...it was really good for his mental health”表明他认为音乐对心理健康有益。
35．全文围绕这位歌星创办公司、帮助孩子接触音乐、鼓励音乐教育展开，因此核心是“一位明星帮助孩子学习音乐”。
36．C 37．C 38．D 39．A 40．D
【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，先介绍台风的生成条件、分布海域与风速分级标准，再通过表格详细罗列台风来临前个人、农户、渔民等不同群体需要完成的防灾准备工作。
【解析】36．根据第一段“When the temperature of the sea waters is over 26. 5℃ , …Once wind speeds reach 119 km/h, the storm becomes a typhoon. The strongest ones are faster than 252 km/h.”可知，作者通过列举数字来解释台风形成的事实，包括海水温度、风速等条件。
37．根据第一段“Typhoons get their energy from warm ocean water.”可知，台风的能量来自温暖的海水。
38．根据下文列出的“Check the news”、“Check if your house is strong enough”和“Prepare flashlights”等内容可知，这些都是台风来临前的准备措施，此处应填“台风来临前要做什么”。
39．根据表格中“Store enough food and clean water. Choose food that does not need cooking.”可知，要储存不需要烹饪的食物。
40．本文主要介绍了台风的形成以及台风来临前的准备措施，这些信息与天气紧密相关，因此，这篇文章最有可能出现在天气网站上。
41．C 42．B 43．B 44．C 45．C
【导语】本文介绍了校园中常见的踩踏、地震和火灾事故以及相应的自我保护方法。
【解析】41．根据第五段“Stampedes, earthquakes and fires are the main accidents at school.”可知，学校主要的事故有踩踏、地震和火灾。
42．根据第二段“A stampede always happens in crowded places. When students around you begin to push...”可知，踩踏事故通常发生在人群拥挤且互相推挤的时候，因此stampede意为“踩踏”。
43．根据第二段“If you fall down in the crowd, move to one side and protect your head with your arms.”可知，如果在踩踏中摔倒，应移动到一边并用手臂保护头部。
44．根据第四段“So when you want to get out, you should make yourself close to the floor.”可知，发生火灾时应尽量贴近地面前进，而不是站直身体快速往外跑，因此C项表述错误。
45．第一段总述校园安全教育的重要性并引出学校常见事故；第二、三、四段分别介绍踩踏、地震和火灾的应对方法；第五段总结全文。因此文章结构为“总—分—总”，即①→②③④→⑤。
46．impolite
【解析】句意：当别人说话时打断他们是不礼貌的。句中“It’s + adj. + to do sth.”为固定句型，空格处应填形容词作表语。根据句意，打断别人说话是一种不礼貌的行为，应用polite“礼貌的”的反义词impolite，意为“不礼貌的”，故填impolite。
47．completely
【解析】句意：我们学校为学生提供了一个完全免费阅读这本小说的机会。空格需要修饰后面的形容词free，只有副词可以修饰形容词，因此要把形容词complete变为副词形式completely，意为“完全地”。
48．discovery
【解析】句意：新大陆的发现改变了历史进程。句中空格位于定冠词The之后、介词of之前，需填入名词作句子主语。discover是动词，意为发现，对应的名词形式为discovery。
49．peaceful
【解析】句意：两个家庭以一种相当和平的方式解决了问题。空格前有冠词a和副词quite，后面是名词way，因此需要填形容词修饰way。peace是名词，形容词形式为peaceful。
50．economic
【解析】句意：丝绸之路是连接中西方的重要经济桥梁。economy作名词时意思为“经济”，作形容词时意思为“实惠的”，不符合题意；economic作形容词意思为“经济的”。横线后面的单词为“bridge”，是名词，其前面应该加形容词构成名词短语。故填economic。
51．changeable
【解析】句意：珠穆朗玛峰上的天气多变，短时间内就可能发生变化。空格处在系动词is后，需要填写形容词作表语，“多变的”对应的英文单词是changeable。
52．necessary
【解析】句意：对我们来说，学会以适当的方式帮助他人是必要的。根据中文提示“必要的”可知，此处应用形容词necessary。句型“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”，其中it是形式主语，动词不定式短语是真正的主语，此处是形容词作表语。应填necessary。
53．whether
【解析】句意：我不知道我叔叔明天是否会来参加我的生日派对。根据汉语提示，是否为whether或if。因题干部分句末有or not，不能与if连用，只能用whether，构成whether...or not，意为“是否”。
54．creativity
【解析】句意：事实上，每个人生来就具备这样的创造力。 creativity“创造力”，名词，在句中作介词with的宾语。
55．award
【解析】句意：他因为在比赛中出色的表现赢得了一个奖品。根据“an”可知，空白为可数名词单数，且以元音音素开头，可知“奖品”对应英文award。
56．The Han Dynasty. 57．He liked reading books very much. 58．Because he was too poor. 59．He wanted to borrow books from the rich man. 60．He was hard-working/excellent.（答案不唯一，合理即可）
【导语】本文是主要讲述了汉代匡衡家境贫寒却勤奋好学，通过凿壁偷光和无偿工作借书阅读，最终成为伟大学者的故事。
【解析】56．根据文章第1段“In the Han Dynasty, there was a young boy called Kuang Heng.（在汉朝，有一个叫匡衡的小男孩。）”可推知结论匡衡生活在汉朝。故填In the Han Dynasty。
57．根据文章第1段“He liked reading books very much.（他非常喜欢读书。）”可推知结论他非常喜欢做的事情是读书。故填He liked reading books very much。
58．根据文章第1段“But he was too poor to buy a candle.（但是他太穷了买不起蜡烛。）”可推知结论他买不起蜡烛是因为太穷。故填Because he was too poor。
59．根据文章第3段“Because I only want to borrow books from you.（因为我只想从你那里借书。）”可推知结论他去富人家真正的目的是借书。故填He wanted to borrow books from the rich man。
60．根据文章第2段“From that day on, he read books every night until the light went out.（从那天起，他每晚读书直到灯光熄灭。）”可推知结论他学习非常勤奋刻苦。故填He was hard-working and loved learning。
61．amazing 62．to run 63．wore 64．to make 65．easily 66．winner 67．the fastest 68．successful 69．reporters 70．have made
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了全球首个人形机器人半程马拉松在北京举行，描述了参赛要求、比赛过程、获胜者及未来应用前景。
【解析】61．句意：4月19日，北京发生了一件令人惊叹的事。结合“something…(amaze) happened”可知，空处需用形容词修饰不定代词“something”，修饰不定代词时需后置；修饰事物要用amaze的形容词形式amazing。
62．句意：这是机器人第一次参加这么长距离的比赛。结合“This was the first time for robots…(run) in such a long race.”可知，此处为“This is the first time for sb to do sth”固定结构，表示“某人第一次做某事”，因此空处需用run的动词不定式。
63．句意：有些机器人甚至还穿着跑鞋。分析句子结构，空处缺少谓语动词，时间状语“On April 19”以及前文“But to join the race, they all had to run on two legs.”表明，句子时态为一般过去时；谓语动词需用动词wear的过去式。
64．句意：比赛过程中，它们的电池也可以更换，以确保能跑完全程。结合“have their batteries changed during the race…(make) sure they could reach the end”可知，“更换电池”的目的是“确保它们能到达终点”，此处需用动词不定式to make作目的状语。
65．句意：通常，像人类一样用双腿行走的机器人很难轻松保持平衡，想想婴儿学习站立和走路的过程就知道了。结合“cannot keep balance”可知，空处需用副词修饰动词短语“keep balance”。
66．句意：获胜者是来自北京人形机器人创新中心的“天宫Ultra”。定冠词“The”后需接名词作主语；根据上下文语境，此处表示“获胜者”，动词win的名词形式为winner，结合be动词“was”可知，需用名词单数。
67．句意：相比之下，跑得最快的人类选手仅用1小时2分钟就跑完了全程。结合“human runner finished in one hour and two minutes”以及常识，此处表示“最快的人类选手”，需用形容词最高级；fast的最高级为fastest，且形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，因此填the fastest。
68．句意：即便如此，这场比赛仍被证明是成功的。be动词后接形容词作表语，success的形容词形式为successful，意为“成功的”。
69．句意：这场比赛吸引了许多来自不同国家的记者，他们前来记录这一特殊事件。根据定语从句“who came to record this special event”可知，此处指“记者”；report的名词形式reporter为可数名词，a lot of后接可数名词复数。
70．句意：到目前为止，科学家们在让机器人的动作更贴近人类方面已经取得了巨大进展。时间状语“so far”表明，句子时态为现在完成时，结构为have/has+动词的过去分词，主语“Scientists”为复数，助动词用have，make的过去分词为made。
71．Smartphones make it possible for people to communicate with each other even when they are far away.
【解析】“智能手机使人们即使身处远方也能互相交流成为可能。”译为Smartphones make it possible for people to communicate with each other even when they are far away.“智能手机”译为smartphones；“使……成为可能”用固定句式make it possible for sb. to do sth.表达；“互相交流”译为communicate with each other；“即使身处远方”用even when they are far away引导让步状语从句，对应原句含义。
72．We will put all our information together and select the most important tips.
【解析】“我们会把所有信息汇总，选出最重要的建议。”译为“We will put all our information together and select the most important tips.”。根据汉语意思可知，本句时态为一般将来时，表示计划要做的事情。“我们会”英文为“We will”，其中“will”为助动词，后接动词原形；“把所有信息汇总”英文为“put all our information together”，其中“put…together”意为“汇总”，“all our information”意为“所有信息”；“选出”英文为“select”；“最重要的建议”英文为“the most important tips”，其中“the most important”为形容词最高级，意为“最重要的”，“tips”意为“建议”，用复数表示多项建议。“and”连接两个并列的动作。
73．By setting some rules and expectations, parents can help us learn how to budget and manage money.
【解析】“通过设定一些规则和期望，父母们能帮助我们学习如何预算和理财。”译为By setting some rules and expectations, parents can help us learn how to budget and manage money.“通过……”用介词“By”引导的短语“By setting...”表示，作方式状语。“设定一些规则和期望”用“setting some rules and expectations”表示。“帮助某人做某事”用“help sb. (to) do sth.”结构，此处为“help us learn...”。“如何预算和理财”用“how to budget and manage money”表示，是“learn”的宾语。
74．Many young consumers are easily influenced by advertising and ignore the quality of clothes.
【解析】“许多年轻消费者容易受到广告的影响，而忽视衣服的质量。”译为Many young consumers are easily influenced by advertising and ignore the quality of clothes. “许多年轻消费者”用 many young consumers 表达；“容易受到……影响”用被动语态be influenced by表达，结合主语复数与语境，be动词用are，副词easily修饰动词；“广告”用advertising表达；连词and连接并列谓语；“忽视”用ignore表达；“衣服的质量”译为the quality of clothes，整体使用一般现在时。故填Many young consumers are easily influenced by advertising and ignore the quality of clothes.
75．No matter who comes across difficulties, this artist is willing to help.
【解析】“无论谁”用引导让步状语从句的No matter who表达。“遇到困难”用固定短语comes across difficulties表示，其中come across译为“遇到、碰到”，difficulties用复数表示泛指各种困难。“这位艺术家”译为 this artist。“愿意提供帮助”用固定搭配is willing to help表示，其中be willing to do something表示“愿意做某事”，help在此处作不及物动词，直接表示“提供帮助”。
76．Dear Lily,
I’m sorry to hear that you are unhappy. I know you have too much homework and often feel stressed out. But don’t worry—I have some advice for you.
First, you can make a learning plan. Write down all your homework and do it step by step. This can help you save time. Second, learn to relax. You can listen to music, take a walk, or do some sports after school. It really helps. Third, don’t keep your feelings to municate with your parents, teachers or friends. They can give you good help.
I hope you will feel better soon. Everything will be OK.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】写作步骤
[第一步：审题立意]
确定文体：电子邮件，以一般现在时和一般将来时为主。
明确要点：Lily的问题 (作业多、压力大)、你的建议 (制定学习计划、学会放松、与父母/老师/朋友沟通)。
确定人称：第一人称 (I/my) 和第二人称 (you/your)。
注意事项：不得出现真实姓名 (Lily为题目给出，可以使用) 和学校信息；邮件格式，及开头和结尾的礼貌用语。
[第二步：构思布局]
三段式结构：
开头段：表示理解和关心，概括Lily的问题 (作业多、感到压力大)。
主体段：分段或分点提出三条建议 (制定学习计划、学会放松、多与他人沟通)，每条建议给出简单理由或具体做法。
结尾段：表达鼓励和祝愿，希望她早日开心起来。
[第三步：要点展开]
要点一：表达理解与共情
用语：I’m sorry to hear that you’re unhappy./I understand how you feel.等
内容：too much homework/feel stressed out等
要点二：建议一，制定学习计划
用语：make a learning plan/manage your time wisely等
具体说明：write down tasks/do homework step by step/set small goals等
要点三：建议二，学会放松
用语：learn to relax/take a break/do something you enjoy等
具体说明：listen to music/take a walk/do sports/get enough sleep等
要点四：建议三，与他人沟通
用语：communicate with parents/talk with teachers and friends/share your feelings等
具体说明：they can help you/don’t keep problems to yourself等
要点五：结尾鼓励
用语：I hope you will feel better soon./Everything will be OK./You are not alone.等
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