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北京市某重点校2025-2026学年高二年级下学期期中考试英语试题
一、阅读理解：本大题共14小题，共35分。
A
Mysterious. Brilliant. Powerful. These words describe the Inca. Every year, visitors rush to the Incan citadel (城堡) of Machu Picchu (meaning “the ancient peak”) in search of the lost civilization. But getting to this UNESCO World Heritage site isn’t cheap and easy. Here’s how to expertly navigate your way to Peru’s most famous destination.
Hiking to Machu Picchu
* The most famous way to hike to Machu Picchu is along a section of one of the Incan roads built as the empire expanded. Dozens of tour operators offer Inca Trail hikes with varying durations and levels of comfort (though all require camping).
* For those who would like a less crowded experience, there are a number of diverse hiking alternatives, one of which is around Salkantay Mountain, one of the most imposing peaks in the Peruvian Andes. Several tour companies offer the treks, but Apus Peru offers an express Salkantay trek, which shaves a day off the normal itinerary for those eager to push their physical limits on their way to Machu Picchu.
* Travelers interested in archaeology should consider the Choquequirao trek with a Machu Picchu extension. This itinerary includes spectacular hiking in the less-traveled steep Apurimac Canyon and exploration of the Choquequirao archaeological site before heading for Machu Picchu. Note that the trail is closed in December every year for regular maintenance.
Tips for Visiting
* Getting acclimated: Where you’re coming from is probably much lower than Machu Picchu. We highly recommend you go to Aguas Calientes first, and spend a night getting used to it before exploring Machu Picchu. Meanwhile, avoid alcohol and physical exertion to help your body slowly adjust to the thinner air.
* Entrance tickets: If you’re traveling independently, you can buy individual entrance tickets, though you should note that you’ll be required to hire a local guide before entering the site. If you book a tour package through a travel agency, all services should be included. Moreover, all entry tickets are timed, allowing entrance on the hour, and you’re allowed to stay at the site for up to four hours.
* Bring: Water and a rain jacket, even if it looks like a beautiful sunny day. And speaking of sun, remember that the ozone layer over Peru is compromised. That, combined with the elevation, makes the sun extremely strong, so wear a hat and use high SPF sunscreen.
* Don't bring: Drones, walking sticks, trekking poles or umbrellas since they’re all prohibited at Machu Picchu. Travelers who require sticks for mobility can bring them in but only with protective rubber tips over the ends.
1.Which of the following hiking options is recommended for those who want to avoid crowds
A. Hiking along the Inca Trail.
B. Trekking around Salkantay Mountain.
C. The express Salkantay trek offered by UNESCO.
D. The Choquequirao trek with a Machu Picchu extension.
2.What can be inferred from the passage about the Choquequirao trek
A. It is closed throughout the year for maintenance.
B. It is more popular than the Salkantay Mountain trek.
C. Travelers on this trek can explore an archaeological site.
D. It is the most challenging hiking route to Machu Picchu.
3.What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To compare different ways of traveling to Machu Picchu.
B. To emphasize the importance of protecting Machu Picchu.
C. To introduce the history and culture of the Inca civilization.
D. To provide a comprehensive guide on how to travel to Machu Picchu.
B
My father loved lists. Over 25 years, he recorded 539 books he read and 322 episodes of Booknotes on C-SPAN, which he watched every Sunday night. He also kept grocery lists for his mini-fridge — Pepsi, coffee, heavy cream — and daily tasks. These notes filled small notebooks, always near his reading chair. He wrote them until December 31, 2004, when cancer stopped him. After his death, I gathered the notebooks into a box. For years, I couldn't bear to open them.
Born in 1927 in Lowell, Massachusetts, my father was the son of a leather factory worker and grandson of an Irish immigrant who cleaned horse manure from the streets. Despite his humble beginnings, he was brilliant. After a summer in the leather factory, he graduated high school at 16 and went on to Boston College. He served in World War II and later earned degrees in physics. Then he worked at MIT's Lincoln Laboratory, moved his family from Lowell to Boston, and sent his kids to private colleges. It seemed he had left Lowell behind — but not so. Deep down, he saw himself simply as a working-class Lowell kid who had just read a lot of books.
He didn't travel much, and didn't feel the need. When I asked if he regretted not seeing the world, he defended himself: "I've sailed the Atlantic in stormy winds, climbed the Himalayas, and stared down wild animals. " Then he added, "I read. " Books were his world. From them, he learned to survive landslides, shark attacks, and even gorilla attacks. He had what he called "a rich inner life" — and it was true.
Shortly before his death, he opened a small purple notebook and began one last list. It described details from 1930s Lowell — things lost in time. Twenty years later, I found it. In his flowing handwriting, Dad reached back to Lowell — a time long gone, now captured only in memory. Lost and only in memory — that was how I was experiencing Dad now. Squinting my eyes, I saw not just the city he loved, but the quiet, extraordinary man I called Dad.
4.Why are the details of the father s lists mentioned in Paragraph 1
A. To imply his fear of forgetting.
B. To show his love for literature and cuisine.
C. To reveal his reliance on control.
D. To reflect his ordered and careful life.
5.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean
A. He stayed humble and rooted.
B. He struggled with his identity.
C. His success originated from his roots.
D. He felt torn about his background.
6.What does the father s quote in Paragraph 3 mainly reveal
A. His dream of global travel. B. His pride in inner journeys.
C. His desire for real adventure. D. His escape from physical world.
7.What is the main theme of the passage
A. Pursuit and action. B. Loss and regret.
C. Ambition and escape. D. Memory and identity.
C
“The dangerous thing about lying is people don t understand how the act changes us.” says Dan Ariely, behavioral psychologist at Duke University. Psychologists have documented children lying as early as the age of two. Some experts even consider lying a developmental milestone, like crawling and walking, because it requires sophisticated planning, attention and ability to see a situation from someone else s perspective to manipulate them. But, for most people, lying gets limited as we develop a sense of morality and the ability to self-regulate.
Harvard cognitive neuroscientist Joshua Greene says, for most of us, lying takes work. In studies, he gave subjects a chance to deceive for monetary gain while examining their brains in a functional MRI machine, which maps blood flow to active parts of the brain. Some people told the truth instantly and instinctively. But others opted to lie, and they showed increased activity in their frontal parietal control network, which is involved in difficult or complex thinking. This suggests that they were deciding between truth and dishonesty— and ultimately opting for the latter. For a follow-up analysis, he found that people whose neural rewards centers were more active when they won money were also more likely to be among the group of liars— suggesting that lying may have to do with the inability to resist temptation.
External conditions also matter in terms of when and how often we lie. We are more likely to lie, research shows, when we are able to rationalize it, when we are stressed and fatigued or see others being dishonest. And we are less likely to lie when we have moral reminders or when we think others are watching. “We as a society need to understand that, when we don t punish lying, we increase the probability it will happen again,” Ariely says.
In a 2016 study published in the journal Nature Neuroscience Ariely and colleagues showed how dishonesty alters people s brains, making it easier to tell lies in the future. When people uttered a falsehood, the scientists noticed a burst of activity in their amygdala. The amygdala is a crucial part of the brain that produces fear, anxiety and emotional response— including that sinking, guilty feeling you get when you lie. But when scientists had their subjects play a game in which they won many by deceiving their partner, they noticed the negative signals from the amygdala began to decrease. Not only that, but when people faced no consequences for dishonesty, their falsehoods tended to get even more sensational.
8.Why does the Harvard neuroscientist say that lying takes work
A. It is hard to choose from several options.
B. It is difficult to sound natural or convincing.
C. It involves lots of complex mental activity.
D. It requires speedy blood flow into one s brain.
9.What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us
A. Which external factors will result in lying.
B. What consequences lying may bring.
C. Why lying deserves to be punished.
D. When people tend to be dishonest.
10.What does they author say will happen when a liar does not get punished
A. They will tell bigger lies.
B. They may feel justified.
C. They will become satisfied with themselves.
D. They will confuse lies and truths.
D
For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by those whose interests and ideologies are threatened by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things.
Stressing successes isn t wrong, but for many people it s not persuasive. An alternative answer to the question "Why trust science " is that scientists use the so-called scientific method. If you ve got a high school science textbook lying around, you ll probably find that answer in it. But what is typically thought to be the scientific method—develop a hypothesis (假设), then design an experiment to test it—isn t what scientists actually do. Science is dynamic: new methods get invented; old ones get abandoned; and sometimes, scientists can be found doing many different things.
If there is no identifiable scientific method, then what is the reason for trust in science The answer is how those claims are evaluated. The common element in modern science, regardless of the specific field or the particular methods being used, is the strict scrutiny (审查) of claims. It s this tough, sustained process that works to make sure faulty claims are rejected. A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a lengthy "peer review" because the reviewers are experts in the same field who have both the right and the obligation (责任) to find faults.
A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively. No claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dozens, if not hundreds, of heads. In areas that have been contested, like climate science and vaccine safety, it s thousands. This is why we are generally justified in not worrying too much if a single scientist, even a very famous one, disagrees with the claim. And this is why diversity in science—the more people looking at a claim from different angles—is important.
Does this process ever go wrong Of course. Scientists are humans. There is always the possibility of revising a claim on the basis of new evidence. Some people argue that we should not trust science because scientists are "always changing their minds". While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist. But the beauty of this scientific process is that it explains what might otherwise appear paradoxical (矛盾的)：that science produces both novelty and stability. Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence, but this is a strength of science, not a weakness.
11.What does the author think of the scientific method
A. Unchallenged. B. Unfixed. C. Reliable. D. Recognized.
12.What does the underlined word "vetted" in paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Explained. B. Examined. C. Repeated. D. Released.
13.According to the passage, the author may agree that ________.
A. it is not persuasive to reject those faulty claims
B. settled science tends to be collectively overturned
C. a leading expert cannot play a decisive role in a scrutiny
D. diversity in knowledge is the common element in science
14.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. Put Your Faith in Science B. Defend the Truth in Science
C. Apply Your Mind to Science D. Explore a Dynamic Way to Science
二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共10分。
Sustainability over Style
From the 1950s onwards, as companies increasingly switched to using plastic, competition accelerated and packaging became the best way to signal a distinct identity. (15) Just 10 percent of plastic packaging is recycled globally.
There is a simple yet powerful way to improve both plastics recycling and reuse — make brands use similar packaging for products in the same category. Let's take recycling first. Even with decades of consumer education and investment in infrastructure, it is too expensive to sort much plastic packaging into individual subtypes. Pigments (色素)can't be eliminated and sorting by colour is expensive, so much coloured plastic gets downcycled into grey pipes or building material.
(16) If product categories followed uniform guidelines for plastic type, colour, labels and adhesives, recyclers could cheaply recover far more material. This could finally make recycling economically viable and help achieve the dream of "circularity", in which a new bottle is made from an old one.
The case for standardised reuse systems is as compelling. Reuse systems based on standardised packaging and shared infrastructure could capture 40 percent of the market, versus 2 percent under a fragmented approach, according to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation.
Standardised packaging may sound like an attack on capitalism to some, but brands already produce similar packaging for milk jugs in the UK and for toothpaste tubes in many countries. (17) Brands could still use labels, washable inks, embossing and other techniques to differentiate themselves.
Admittedly, it is hard to imagine rivals like Procter & Gamble and Unilever voluntarily agreeing to put their shampoo in the same-coloured bottles. But as data amounts about the billions of dollars lost each year from single-use plastics that are burned or landfilled — and research sheds more light on the health risks linked to thousands of poorly studied chemicals in plastics — brands may find their corner is harder to defend.
(18) In Europe and other parts of the world, policy is already requiring reuse targets and the use of more recycled content. Standardised packaging offers brands a path to meet such goals while avoiding a jump in complexity and costs. Similar shampoo bottles won't solve everything, of course. But such changes increasingly look like good business sense. (19)
A. Increasingly, brands may not have a choice.
B. Meanwhile, reusable packaging remains rare.
C. Standardisation could dramatically improve things.
D. Without them, truly circular packaging remains a distant dream.
E. And standardised packaging wouldn't mean that all products have to be identical.
F. But as brands added complexities, the already fragile economics of plastics recycling collapsed.
G. They could also still use their own shapes and sizes of packaging, so long as these don't make sorting difficult.
15.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
16.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空：本大题共10小题，共15分。
Sometimes the world gives us a small sign of encouragement, right when we need it the most.
Murphy lost her parents in her early 20s. Two years ago, she was (20) with finding happiness in her career. During walks on the beach she would talk to her parents in her head, seeking guidance about her career choices. "Since they weren t with me (21) , I would ask for little signs in the form of heart-shaped rocks. When I would find one, I would feel connected to something outside of myself." These small (22) made her feel like she wasn t alone.
Once, during a trip, Murphy was moved by the way tiny courtesies like a smile made her feel more (23) in an unfamiliar country. She came back with the understanding that small acts of kindness could have a big (24) .
One day, while walking on the beach, she suddenly came up with an idea of writing some encouraging messages on rocks. So she did it. She soon learned her small action was already making ripples(涟漪). That night a friend texted her a picture of a rock and said, "Was this you " She had (25) Murphy because she knew Murphy walked along that same beach. Murphy was (26) by the way her friend said finding that rock had made her day.
Murphy became hooked on the idea that she could spread happiness through something as (27) as a rock with a message on it. She started leaving rocks in other places. With these rocks, she left a small sign encouraging others to leave a kindness rock somewhere else—"One rock, one person." Murphy explains, "If a message (28) a person at the right time, or they join, it s like a huge (29) . It s what our world needs right now."
20.A. meeting B. struggling C. living D. engaging
21.A. mentally B. regularly C. physically D. temporarily
22.A. treasures B. incidents C. products D. tasks
23.A. awkward B. interested C. sensitive D. comfortable
24.A. success B. impact C. ambition D. purpose
25.A. suspected B. spotted C. favoured D. supported
26.A. reminded B. puzzled C. touched D. honored
27.A. rough B. basic C. hard D. simple
28.A. holds B. surprises C. warns D. hits
29.A. variety B. challenge C. connection D. satisfaction
四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。
30.阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
For centuries, humans (1) (seek) to understand the world around them. This journey of discovery has accelerated in modern times, especially after we realized (2) interconnected and complex global systems are. Geography now relies not just on maps, but on detailed data (3) (analyze). Researchers often focus on specific locations (4) human activity and the natural environment interact most intensely.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The process of adapting a novel into a film is an art. Many classic books (5) (turn) into movies long before today’s directors were born. A faithful adaptation requires the director to have the original story’s essence (6) (understand) and respected. Success lies in (7) (capture) the spirit, not just the plot, of the source material.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The primary goal of wildlife conservation is (8) (protect) not only endangered species but also their rapidly shrinking natural habitats. Through dedicated monitoring programs, researchers have recently observed promising growth in several key animal (9) (population). However, it is widely argued that short-term economic development should never be pursued (10) the expense of long-term ecological balance, upon which our collective future depends.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、阅读表达：本大题共1小题，共10分。
31. For many, theater is more than entertainment; it is a vital way to build psychological skills—especially empathy, or our ability to share, understand and care about others' emotions.
Research found that after watching theater, audience expressed more empathy for the characters onstage. The plays also changed behavior. Researchers gave audience members the option to donate some of their payment to charity. After seeing the plays, audience members donated more money to charity—whether or not the charity was related to the topics in the plays.
Why does live theater have these effects Sitting in the dark watching a play can make us forget our own worries and transport us into the life and mind of a different person. We found that the more people reported feeling "immersed" or "lost" in the play, the more their beliefs and behaviors were changed by it.
A classic finding in social psychology is that repeated, positive encounters with people unlike ourselves can build empathy. Many of us have too few experiences—or too little interest—in creating such encounters. Theaters provide the chance to see the experiences of people who differ from us in environments unlike our own.
The arts are essential to human flourishing(繁荣). As we move beyond the pandemic, we will need to focus on healing collectively and connecting better. Providing greater access to the arts—and using them to share stories across cultural and social difference—will be an important part of this path to recovery.
(1) What is empathy
____________________________________________________________
(2) According to the research, what effects did live theater have on audience
______________________________________________________________________________
(3) Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that remind us of our past experiences.
________________________________________________________________________________________
(4) Besides watching live theater, what other way(s) can help to build empathy (In about 40 words)
_________________________________________________________________________________
六、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共15分。
32.假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校高二年级即将举办以“以古为鉴，开创未来”（From Past to Future）主题的“英文诗词朗诵大赛”Poetry Recitation Contest，现招募英语主持人。请你给活动负责人Jim写一封英文申请信。
内容包括：
1.表达对活动的看法；
2.自身优势。
注意：1. 词数不少于100；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
1~3.【答案】B、C、D
4~7.【答案】D、A、B、D
8~10.【答案】C、A、A
11~14.【答案】C、B、C、A
15~19.【答案】F、C、E、A、D
20~29.【答案】B、C、B、D、B、A、C、D、B、C
30.【答案】【小题1】
have sought
【小题2】
how
【小题3】
analysis
【小题4】
where
【小题5】
had been turned
【小题6】
understood
【小题7】
capturing
【小题8】
to protect
【小题9】
populations
【小题10】
at
31.【答案】【小题1】Empathy is our ability to share, understand and care about others' emotions.
【小题2】Live theater enabled audience to express more empathy for the characters onstage and change their behavior.
【小题3】Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that remind us of our past experiences.
Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that help us see different experiences.
【小题4】Being on the stage can built empathy as well. For instance, taking acting classed can improve students' empathy. The same is true for experiencing more solitary art forms, such as reading. Even reading "Harry Potter" had been shown to reduce prejudice toward stigmatized groups in children. Or you can expand your empathy at home by picking up a novel.
32.【答案】Dear Jim,
I'm Li Hua, a Senior Two student from Hongxing Middle School. I'm writing to apply to be the host of the Poetry Recitation Contest themed From Past to Future.
In my opinion, this activity is quite meaningful, which helps students feel the charm of classic poems and learn to reflect on history to embrace the future. Also, it provides a wonderful platform for us to show ourselves and improve our English expression.
I have many advantages for this role. I speak fluent English and have rich experience in hosting and speech contests. Besides, I love poetry and know well about related cultural knowledge. I am outgoing and can create a pleasant atmosphere for the contest.
I sincerely hope to get this opportunity. I will take my duty seriously.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
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