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1．balance [课本义]n．平衡　[增补义]v．保持平衡；立稳；同等重视
①(人教版必修第二册Unit 1)Finding and keeping the right balance between progress ___ the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge．
②We sincerely invite you to join our club，where you can balance improving academic skills _________ making lifelong friends in various activities．
③A ________ (balance) diet is essential for healthy growth．
　完成句子
她必须抓住栏杆才能保持平衡。
She had to hold onto the railings ______________________．
◎keep/lose one's balance 保持/失去平衡
◎keep a/the balance between...and...保持……和……的平衡
◎balance...and/with...同等重视/兼顾……和……
◎balanced adj．平衡的；均衡的
◎unbalanced adj．不平衡的；不均衡的
◎(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)To begin with，randomly pairing up students may lead to unbalanced language abilities within the groups．
首先，随机组合学生可能导致组内语言能力不平衡。
2．involve vt．[课本义]参与；包含　[增补义]牵涉；牵连
①(外研版必修第二册Unit 3)It involves _____ (do) very slow physical exercises to relax your mind and calm your body．
②Students'active ___________ (involve) in community service not only helps them develop empathy but also teaches them how to cooperate with people from different backgrounds．
　应用文写作之倡议书
我们强烈建议让每位学生都参与到慈善义卖的组织工作中，这定会让此次活动更有意义。
We strongly suggest ____________________________________________________，
which will surely make the event more meaningful．
◎involve sb．in (doing) sth．使某人参与/加入(做)某事
◎involve doing sth．包含做某事
◎involved adj．卷入的；有关联的
◎be/get involved in...参与……；全神贯注于……
◎involvement n．参与；加入
◎I was so involved in my book that I didn't hear you knock．
我全神贯注地在看书，没听到你敲门。
3．contented adj．满意的；满足的
①The young Pelé played football __ his heart's content with a ball made of plastic bags．
②More people would be content ______ (be) ignorant than would take even a little trouble to acquire knowledge．
③True ___________ (content) lies not in owning much wealth but in cherishing what we already have，as this helps us stay positive in daily life．
　一句多译
我们不应该使自己满足于课本知识。
①We shouldn't _________________________________________ learned from the books．(contented adj．)
②We shouldn't ________________________________________ learned from the books．(content v．)
◎content n．内容；目录 (contents) adj．满意；满足；愿意 v．使满足
◎to one's heart's content心满意足地；尽情地
◎feel/be content/contented with对……满足/满意
◎be content to do sth．愿意做某事
◎content oneself with (doing) sth．满足于(做)某事
◎contentment n．满意，满足
◎Previous students have had nothing but praise for the course content and staff．
以前的学生们对该课程的内容和教师赞不绝口。
4．occur vi．[课本义]发生　[增补义]存在于；出现在
①This type of bad weather ______ (occur) due to climate change．
②Sometimes even routine ___________ (occurrence) can become sources of pre-anger，or anger itself．
③It never occurred to her _______ (ask) anyone for help when she was in trouble．
　一句多译
伊丽莎白也想到了同样的主意。
①The same idea ____________ Elizabeth．(occur)
②The same idea ______ Elizabeth．(strike)
③The same idea ___ Elizabeth．(hit)
④The same idea ________ Elizabeth．(come to)
◎sth．occurs/occurred to sb．某人突然想到某事
◎It occurs/occurred to sb．that/to do ...某人突然想起……
◎occurrence n．发生的事情；存在的事物；发生；存在
◎表示“某人突然想到……”的句式还有：
sth．strikes/hits/come(s) to sb．＝It strikes/hits/comes to sb．that...
◎It suddenly occurred to her that she had left her keys at home．
她突然想到把钥匙落在家里了。
5．determination n．决心；毅力
①(外研版必修第三册Unit 2)This insight grew from the __________ (determine) attitude of a six-year-old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality．
②He determined ________ (work) twice as hard as before to make his dream come true．
③Have you determined ________ a date for the foundation of your firm
　完成句子
在处理完事故后，她决心毕业后成为一名医生。
After dealing with the accident，she _____________________________________________________________．
◎determine v．测定；决定；确定
◎determine to do sth．决定做某事(表示动作)
◎determine on/upon (doing) sth．决定(做)某事
◎determined adj．坚决的；坚定的
◎be determined to do sth．决心做某事(表示状态)
◎You can't help but admire her great determination to succeed．
她有很大的决心获得成功，这一点让人非常钦佩。
6．majority n．[课本义]大多数　[增补义](获胜的)票数；多数票
①(外研版选择性必修第二册Unit 1)In most countries，turning 18 marks the start of adulthood．But what does reaching this milestone，the age of ________ (major)，really mean
②A majority of the audience ___ (be) opposed to advertisements inserted into TV plays．
　读后续写之语言描写
“我打算主修历史，”莉萨说，谈到自己想探索的古老故事时，她的眼睛闪闪发光。
“_______________________________，”Lisa said，her eyes shining as she talked about the ancient stories she wanted to explore．
◎in a/the majority占大多数
◎the/a majority of...大多数……
◎by/with a majority of以多数票
◎major adj．主要的；重要的 n．主修课程；主修学生 v．主修
◎major in...主修……
◎(2025·全国一卷)Although these campaigns were widespread，the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car．
尽管这些运动开展得十分广泛，但实际情况是，大多数西方城市的规划完全是围绕汽车的需求而重新设计的。
7．come up with 想出，想到
①(外研版选择性必修第二册Unit 5)Experts felt it necessary to come up ____ a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island．
②With such a weak heart she was lucky to come _______ the operation．
③When will the matter come __ for discussion
④The old tree came ____ with a loud crash during the typhoon，blocking the road completely．
　读后续写之动作描写
小女孩慢慢走近那只猫，手轻轻伸着，仿佛怕吓到它似的。
The little girl ______________________________，her hand stretched out gently as if she were afraid of scaring it．
◎come up to走近；接近
◎come up即将发生；被提及(无被动式)
◎come out出现；出版；开花
◎come through (重病、手术等之后)康复，幸存；避免受严重伤害
◎come down崩塌；落下
◎What's more，we can come up with our own ideas and learn more through discussion．
更重要的是，我们可以提出自己的想法，通过讨论进一步学习。
8．cut back on 削减，缩减
①The school is seeking to cut ____ on the dropout rate．
②The current advice for pregnant women is to cut ___ alcohol．
③I usually cut ______ the park on my way home so that I can arrive at my destination early．
④Some people may just need to cut back __ their schedules and go to bed earlier．
　完成句子
我们若不能多销，就必须减产。
If we don't sell more we will have to _________________________．
◎cut across穿过(某地)(尤指抄近路)
◎cut off中断(供给)；切掉；使……与外界隔绝
◎cut out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下
◎cut down砍倒；削减；缩小(尺寸、数量或数目)
◎cut down on (某一方面或领域内的)减少
◎cutting-edge adj．最前沿的；最先进的
◎Due to the heavy snow，our village has been cut off from the outside world，so we are writing to ask for emergency supplies like food and medicine．
由于大雪，我们村与外界隔绝了，因此我们写信请求食品和药品等紧急物资的支援。
9．proposal n．建议，提议
①The official rejected the proposal _______ (use) more disposable containers．
②Our ________ (propose) that students take turns cleaning the classroom every day has been approved by the teacher．
③I propose ________________________ (organise) a book exchange activity in our class next month，where everyone can share their favorite books with others．
　应用文写作之倡议书
我提议我们应当循环利用塑料制品来降低白色污染。
____________________________________________________________ to reduce white pollution．
◎submit/present/put forward a proposal 提交建议
◎the proposal to do...做……的建议
◎propose to do...打算做……
◎propose doing...建议/打算做……
◎propose that...(should) do...建议……做……
◎The art club will submit a proposal to hold a traditional craft exhibition in the school hall．
艺术社团将提交一份在学校礼堂举办传统手工艺展的提案。
10．[教材原句]Well，say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth...(leave＋宾语＋动词-ing形式)
比方说你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流……
①(译林版选择性必修第二册Unit 1)The fire，which is thought to have started from the 8th floor，spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night，leaving people on the upper floors _______ (trap)．
②Accidents left the police _______ (run) from one place to another．
③His parents died，_______ (leave) him an orphan．
　完成句子
在那个项目上，他没有听从我的建议，最终使计划泡汤了。
He didn't follow my advice on that project，________________________________________．
◎leave sb．/sth．doing sth．使某人/物一直做某事
◎leave sb．/sth．to do sth．使某人/物做某事
◎leave sth．/sb．done让/使某事/人被做/处于被动状态
◎leave sb．/sth．＋ n．/ adj．/ adv．/介词短语 使某人/物成为或处于某种状态
◎Salter drove off，leaving Callendar surveying the scene．
索特尔开车走了，留下加林达继续调查现场。
11．[教材原句]In 1999，the“white bikes”returned to Amsterdam—this time with a computer tracking system to record their every move！(with的复合结构)
1999年，“白色自行车”回到了阿姆斯特丹——这次安装了计算机跟踪系统以记录它们的“一举一动”！
①(译林版选择性必修第三册Unit 1)One truly unique scenic spot in Canada is the mighty Niagara Falls with water _______ (rush) over its edge in a splendid display of sights and sounds．
②With so many essays _________ (write)，he won't have time to go shopping this morning．
③The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table ____ (lay) for a meal to be cooked．
　句式升级
(普通表达)The final examination is approaching，so I am getting increasingly anxious．
(高级表达)__________________________________________，I am getting increasingly anxious．(with的复合结构)
◎句中with a computer tracking system to record their every move为“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”作状语。“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”即with的复合结构，在句中多作状语，也可以作定语。常见的结构有：with＋宾语＋doing/done/adj．/adv．/to do/介词短语。
◎(2025·全国一卷)We sat on the porch with Toby resting beside us，and I handed him the box of biscuits．
我们坐在门廊上，托比在我们旁边趴着，我把那盒饼干递给了他。
12．[教材原句]The new“white bikes”were not actually white but painted in bright colours．(not...but...)
新的“白色自行车”实际上不是白色的，而是被涂上了鲜艳的颜色。
①(译林版选择性必修第三册Unit 4)We all share a joint responsibility to protect and preserve them，not just for ourselves，___ for future generations．
②Either I or Mary _______ (decide) to take part in the competition．
③Not he but you ____ (be) wrong in the incident which happened last week．
　完成句子
让人难忘的不是他说的话，而是他做的事。
It is _____________________________________________________ that are unforgettable．
◎not...but...表示“不是……而是……”，连接两个并列的句子成分，当连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词必须与靠近的主语的人称和数保持一致，即就近原则。常见的用就近原则的还有：either...or...；neither...nor...；not only...but also...等。
◎His success is not a result of luck but of hard work and perseverance．
他的成功不是运气的结果，而是努力工作和坚持不懈的结果。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．An ____________ will ________ an activity themed“Green Living”．The _________ is a former graduate from our school．(organise)
2．She is always __________ to try new things，and her _____________ impresses us a lot．(determine)
3．They attach great importance to ___________ in that country．Their ____________ products are popular all around the world．(agriculture)
4．Large amounts of __________ (industry) waste poison the water after it enters water bodies．
5．From technological _________ (solution) to educational campaigns，food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we're already growing．
6．(人教版选择性必修第四册Unit 3)Trade and curiosity have often formed the __________ (found) of mankind's greatest achievements．
7．This ________ (propose) is worth revisiting at a later date．
8．Being prepared is the best way to increase your chances of ________ (survive)．
9．The number of cars is increasing ________，which contributes to ______ warming，so people all over the _____ should try to use public transportation．(globe)
10．Suddenly it ________ (occur) to me that I could have the book sent to me．
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．desert
A．n．沙漠；荒原　　　　B．vt．背离；使失望
C．vt．遗弃；抛弃
(1)(2024·浙江1月卷)While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China，I had the kind of humbling，educational，and above all else，wonderful encounter with a local that all travelers long for． _________
(2)It's immoral to desert your pet just because it gets sick． _________
(3)Somehow，her courage seemed to desert her for a moment． _________
2．shoot
A．n．嫩芽，幼苗　　　　B．v．拍摄
C．v．射击；射中　　　　D．v．投篮
(1)A wild bird was shot by an unknown person near the lake． _________
(2)(2023·全国乙卷)To make some of my landscape shots，I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame． _________
(3)A time limit was set for a team to shoot at the basket． _________
(4)Two weeks after we'd planted the seeds，little green shoots started to appear． _________
3．balance
A．vt．使保持平衡　B．n．平衡　C．n．天平，秤　D．n．余额
(1)(2024·全国甲卷)You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable，but doesn't seem to come from nowhere，one that fits what's right for the characters． _________
(2)How can you find the ball that is heavier by using a balance and only weighing twice？ _
(3)We should appreciate the natural balance and pay more attention to the importance of wildlife conservation． _________
(4)I was about to pay when I found my credit card balance was low，so I had to pay in cash． _________
4．(2022·浙江1月卷)With help from Tesla，Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current，which soon became the major form of power delivery．
_________
A．水流　　　　B．电流　　　　C．趋向
5．Just before and an hour after each workout，the scientists took additional samples of the men's blood and fat tissue． _________
A．纸巾　　　　B．(人、动植物细胞的)组织
C．薄纸；绵纸
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．她把头靠在丈夫的肩膀上，脸上洋溢着幸福的笑容。
(1)She rested her head on her husband's shoulder，_____________________________________________________．(独立主格结构)
(2)She rested her head on her husband's shoulder，___________________________________________________________．(with的复合结构)
2．凯特的突然离去使我们大家想知道将要发生什么事。
Kate's sudden leaving _________________________________________________．
3．为了提高你的英语水平，我认为你不应专注于背诵长单词，而应专注于练习日常对话。
To improve your English，I think you should focus ___________________________________________________________________________．
4．我忽然想起本来应该给你留张便条。
(1)____________________ that I should have left you a note．(occur)
(2)___________ that I should have left you a note．(hit)
(3)______________ that I should have left you a note．(strike)
假定你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华，你所在的城市近年来交通拥堵越来越严重，请你以学生会的名义向全校师生写一封绿色出行的倡议书。内容包括：
1．绿色出行的意义；
2．绿色出行的方式；
3．提出号召。
　写作微练
①随着私家车的增加，我们城市的交通堵塞变得越来越严重，所以我代表学生会呼吁大家绿色出行。
As private cars are increasing，the traffic jams in our city ______________________________________，so I，on behalf of the Students'Council，___________________________________．
②如果我们不采用绿色出行，我们就无法构筑一个可持续发展的环境，也无法拥有健康的生活方式。(if引导的虚拟条件句)
If we ______________________________，we wouldn't build a sustainable environment or have a healthy lifestyle．
③我强烈建议，我们首先要进一步提高我们对绿色出行重要性的认识。(propose)
__________________________ we should first further raise our awareness of the importance of green travel．
④一旦我们决定骑自行车或乘公共交通工具而不是开私家车出行，我们不仅可以避免交通堵塞，而且还可以改善我们的健康。
Once we _____________________________ or take public transport instead of driving private vehicles，________________________________________ but also improve our health．
⑤在我们的日常生活中，我们应该想出更有效的措施来践行绿色生活。(come up with)
In our daily lives，we should _________________________________________ to live a green life．
⑥一个小小的行动就能带来巨大的改变。让我们现在就行动起来，享受绿色生活吧！
A small act _______________________________．Let's act now and enjoy a green life!
　句式升级
⑦用“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构改写①中的句子
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
⑧用倒装结构改写④中的句子
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
　妙笔成篇
【参考范文】
Dear teachers and classmates，
With private cars increasing，the traffic jams in our city have become more and more serious，so I，on behalf of the Students'Council，appeal to everyone to go green．
Firstly，if we did not adopt green travel，we wouldn't build a sustainable environment or have a healthy lifestyle．To achieve that，I strongly propose that we should first further raise our awareness of the importance of green travel．Once we determine to ride bicycles or take public transport instead of driving private vehicles，not only can we avoid traffic jams but also we can improve our health．Last but not least，in our daily lives，we should come up with more effective measures to live a green life．
A small act can make a great difference．Let's act now and enjoy a green life!
The Students'Council
　语料积累
教材语料 亮词 动作描写：recycle；do my part for sth．；shoot；bother；take action；wag；involve；disappear；pedal；cut back on；sum；overflow
环境描写：ocean；smog；desert；path；flooding
情感描写：just-me-ism；contented；overcome；determination；work through
美句 1．Well，say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth，leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up． 2．Every individual matters．Every individual has a role to play．Every individual makes a difference．
拓展 语料 单词 anxious adj．焦虑的，担心的→anxiously adv．焦虑地→anxiety n．焦虑，忧虑；worried adj．担心的，发愁的→worrying adj．令人担心的→worry vt．使忧虑，使担心 n．担心，忧虑；helpless/hopeless adj．无助的，绝望的→helplessness/hopelessness n．无助；绝望
语块 with anxiety焦虑地；full of/filled with anxiety充满焦虑；feelings of anxiety and concern焦虑和担忧的感觉；bend one's head in despair 绝望地垂下了头；abandon oneself to helplessness陷入无助；be reduced to tears使流下眼泪；heart torn with despair绝望得撕心裂肺
句型 1．Fog beginning to creep into the forest，I grew increasingly concerned．(独立主格结构) 雾气开始悄悄进入森林，我越来越担心。 2．Filled with anxiety，he froze there helpless，frowning．(过去分词短语作状语；形容词作状语) 他充满了焦虑，无助地僵在那里，皱着眉头。 3．With everything swallowed by the darkness，Mary was close to crying with anxiety and fear．(with的复合结构) 一切都被黑暗吞没了，玛丽满心焦虑与恐惧，几乎要哭出来了。 4．He gazed at the confusion around him，overwhelmed by/overcome with a feeling of despair．(过去分词短语作状语) 他凝视着周围的一片混乱，被一股绝望感彻底淹没。
　语料运用
①十年后，当我踏入家乡的那一刻，我望着光秃秃的山和脏兮兮的河，在那里僵住了，被一股绝望感彻底淹没。(过去分词短语作状语)
The moment I set foot on my hometown ten years later，I gazed at the bare mountain and dirty river and froze there，________________________________________________________．
②往日的美景如洪水般涌了回来。(比喻)
The past beautiful scenery ______________________．
③我流下了眼泪，绝望地低下了头，想着是什么造成了这种可怕的环境。
I _________________________________________________________，thinking what had contributed to the terrible environment．
④由于担心被破坏的环境，我在最初的几天里心神不宁，如坐针毡。(形容词短语作状语)
______________________________________________________，I was unsettled for the first few days，being on pins and needles．
⑤决定改变这种状况，我开始发表演讲，敦促人们保护环境。(形容词短语作状语)
_________________________________________，I began delivering lectures to ___________________________________________．
⑥公众的积极反应消除了我焦虑和担忧的感觉。
The public's active responses _____________________________________________________．
必修第三册　UNIT 8
考点归纳　精准讲练
1．①and　②with/and　③balanced
完美写作
to keep her balance
2．①doing　②involvement
完美写作
involving every student in organizing the charity sale
3．①to　②to be　③contentment
完美写作
①feel/be contented with the knowledge　②content ourselves with the knowledge
4．①occurs　②occurrences　③to ask
完美写作
①occurred to　②struck　③hit　④came to
5．①determined　②to work　③on/upon
完美写作
(was) determined to become a doctor after graduation
6．①majority　②are
完美写作
I plan to major in history
7．①with　②through　③up　④down
完美写作
came up to the cat slowly
8．①down　②out　③across　④on
完美写作
cut back on production
9．①to use　②proposal　③to organise/organising
完美写作
I propose that we (should) recycle plastic products
10．①trapped　②running　③leaving
完美写作
leaving the plan ruined in the end
11．①rushing　②to write　③laid
完美写作
With the final examination approaching
12．①but　②decides　③were
完美写作
not the words he says but the things he does
基础巩固　达标训练
Ⅰ．1．organisation；organise；organiser　2．determined；determination　3．agriculture；agricultural　4．industrial　5．solutions　6．foundation　7．proposal　8．survival
9．globally；global；globe　10．occurred
Ⅱ．1．(1)A　(2)C　(3)B
2．(1)C　(2)B　(3)D　(4)A
3．(1)A　(2)C　(3)B　(4)D
4．B　5．B
Ⅲ．1．(1)a smile of happiness spreading across her face　(2)with a smile of happiness spreading across her face　2．left us wondering what was going to happen　3．not on memorizing long words but on practicing daily conversations　4．(1)It occurred to me　(2)It hit me　(3)It struck me
主题引领　写作提能
应用文写作
Step 1　写作微练
①have become more and more serious；appeal to everyone to go green　②did not adopt green travel　③I strongly propose that　④determine to ride bicycles；we can not only avoid traffic jams　⑤come up with more effective measures　⑥can make a great difference
Step 2　句式升级
⑦With private cars increasing，the traffic jams in our city have become more and more serious，so I，on behalf of the Students' Council，appeal to everyone to go green．　⑧Once we determine to ride bicycles or take public transport instead of driving private vehicles，not only can we avoid traffic jams but also we can improve our health．
Step 3　妙笔成篇
Dear teachers and classmates，
With private cars increasing，the traffic jams in our city have become more and more serious，so I，on behalf of the Students' Council，appeal to everyone to go green．
Firstly，if we did not adopt green travel，we wouldn't build a sustainable environment or have a healthy lifestyle．To achieve that，I strongly propose that we should first further raise our awareness of the importance of green travel．Once we determine to ride bicycles or take public transport instead of driving private vehicles，not only can we avoid traffic jams but also we can improve our health．Last but not least，in our daily lives，we should come up with more effective measures to live a green life．
A small act can make a great difference．Let's act now and enjoy a green life!
The Students' Council
读后续写
Step 2　语料运用
①overwhelmed by/overcome with a feeling of despair　②came back in floods　③was reduced to tears and bent my head in despair　④Concerned/Worried about the destroyed environment　⑤Determined to change the situation；urge people to protect the environment　⑥melted away my feelings of anxiety and concern
16 / 16(共181张PPT)
必修第三册　UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING
第一部分 教材知识讲练
单元主题 导图串记
考点归纳 精准讲练
1．balance [课本义]n．平衡　[增补义]v．保持平衡；立稳；同等重视
①(人教版必修第二册Unit 1)Finding and keeping the right balance between progress ___ the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge．
②We sincerely invite you to join our club，where you can balance improving academic skills _________ making lifelong friends in various activities．
③A ________ (balance) diet is essential for healthy growth．
and
with/and
balanced
完美写作　完成句子
她必须抓住栏杆才能保持平衡。
She had to hold onto the railings ___________________．
to keep her balance
◎keep/lose one's balance 保持/失去平衡
◎keep a/the balance between...and...保持……和……的平衡
◎balance...and/with...同等重视/兼顾……和……
◎balanced adj．平衡的；均衡的
◎unbalanced adj．不平衡的；不均衡的
◎(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)To begin with，randomly pairing up students may lead to unbalanced language abilities within the groups．
首先，随机组合学生可能导致组内语言能力不平衡。
2．involve vt．[课本义]参与；包含　[增补义]牵涉；牵连
①(外研版必修第二册Unit 3)It involves _____ (do) very slow physical exercises to relax your mind and calm your body．
②Students'active ___________ (involve) in community service not only helps them develop empathy but also teaches them how to cooperate with people from different backgrounds．
doing
involvement
完美写作　应用文写作之倡议书
我们强烈建议让每位学生都参与到慈善义卖的组织工作中，这定会让此次活动更有意义。
We strongly suggest __________________________________________
______，which will surely make the event more meaningful．
involving every student in organizing the charity
sale
◎involve sb．in (doing) sth．使某人参与/加入(做)某事
◎involve doing sth．包含做某事
◎involved adj．卷入的；有关联的
◎be/get involved in...参与……；全神贯注于……
◎involvement n．参与；加入
◎I was so involved in my book that I didn't hear you knock．
我全神贯注地在看书，没听到你敲门。
3．contented adj．满意的；满足的
①The young Pelé played football __ his heart's content with a ball made of plastic bags．
②More people would be content _____ (be) ignorant than would take even a little trouble to acquire knowledge．
③True ___________ (content) lies not in owning much wealth but in cherishing what we already have，as this helps us stay positive in daily life．
to
to be
contentment
完美写作　一句多译
我们不应该使自己满足于课本知识。
①We shouldn't _____________________________________ learned from the books．(contented adj．)
②We shouldn't ____________________________________ learned from the books．(content v．)
feel/be contented with the knowledge
content ourselves with the knowledge
◎content n．内容；目录 (contents) adj．满意；满足；愿意 v．使满足
◎to one's heart's content心满意足地；尽情地
◎feel/be content/contented with对……满足/满意
◎be content to do sth．愿意做某事
◎content oneself with (doing) sth．满足于(做)某事
◎contentment n．满意，满足
◎Previous students have had nothing but praise for the course content and staff．
以前的学生们对该课程的内容和教师赞不绝口。
4．occur vi．[课本义]发生　[增补义]存在于；出现在
①This type of bad weather ______ (occur) due to climate change．
②Sometimes even routine ___________ (occurrence) can become sources of pre-anger，or anger itself．
③It never occurred to her ______ (ask) anyone for help when she was in trouble．
occurs
occurrences
to ask
完美写作　一句多译
伊丽莎白也想到了同样的主意。
①The same idea ___________ Elizabeth．(occur)
②The same idea ______ Elizabeth．(strike)
③The same idea ___ Elizabeth．(hit)
④The same idea _______ Elizabeth．(come to)
occurred to
struck
hit
came to
◎sth．occurs/occurred to sb．某人突然想到某事
◎It occurs/occurred to sb．that/to do ...某人突然想起……
◎occurrence n．发生的事情；存在的事物；发生；存在
◎表示“某人突然想到……”的句式还有：
sth．strikes/hits/come(s) to sb．＝It strikes/hits/comes to sb．that...
◎It suddenly occurred to her that she had left her keys at home．
她突然想到把钥匙落在家里了。
5．determination n．决心；毅力
①(外研版必修第三册Unit 2)This insight grew from the __________ (determine) attitude of a six-year-old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality．
②He determined _______ (work) twice as hard as before to make his dream come true．
③Have you determined ________ a date for the foundation of your firm
determined
to work
on/upon
完美写作　完成句子
在处理完事故后，她决心毕业后成为一名医生。
After dealing with the accident，she _____________________________
________________________．
(was) determined to become a
doctor after graduation
◎determine v．测定；决定；确定
◎determine to do sth．决定做某事(表示动作)
◎determine on/upon (doing) sth．决定(做)某事
◎determined adj．坚决的；坚定的
◎be determined to do sth．决心做某事(表示状态)
◎You can't help but admire her great determination to succeed．
她有很大的决心获得成功，这一点让人非常钦佩。
6．majority n．[课本义]大多数　[增补义](获胜的)票数；多数票
①(外研版选择性必修第二册Unit 1)In most countries，turning 18 marks the start of adulthood．But what does reaching this milestone，the age of ________ (major)，really mean
②A majority of the audience ___ (be) opposed to advertisements inserted into TV plays．
majority
are
完美写作　读后续写之语言描写
“我打算主修历史，”莉萨说，谈到自己想探索的古老故事时，她的眼睛闪闪发光。
“__________________________，”Lisa said，her eyes shining as she talked about the ancient stories she wanted to explore．
I plan to major in history
◎in a/the majority占大多数
◎the/a majority of...大多数……
◎by/with a majority of以多数票
◎major adj．主要的；重要的 n．主修课程；主修学生 v．主修
◎major in...主修……
◎(2025·全国一卷)Although these campaigns were widespread，the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car．
尽管这些运动开展得十分广泛，但实际情况是，大多数西方城市的规划完全是围绕汽车的需求而重新设计的。
7．come up with 想出，想到
①(外研版选择性必修第二册Unit 5)Experts felt it necessary to come up ____ a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island．
②With such a weak heart she was lucky to come _______ the operation．
③When will the matter come __ for discussion
④The old tree came ____ with a loud crash during the typhoon，blocking the road completely．
with
through
up
down
完美写作　读后续写之动作描写
小女孩慢慢走近那只猫，手轻轻伸着，仿佛怕吓到它似的。
The little girl _________________________，her hand stretched out gently as if she were afraid of scaring it．
came up to the cat slowly
◎come up to走近；接近
◎come up即将发生；被提及(无被动式)
◎come out出现；出版；开花
◎come through (重病、手术等之后)康复，幸存；避免受严重伤害
◎come down崩塌；落下
◎What's more，we can come up with our own ideas and learn more through discussion．
更重要的是，我们可以提出自己的想法，通过讨论进一步学习。
8．cut back on 削减，缩减
①The school is seeking to cut ____ on the dropout rate．
②The current advice for pregnant women is to cut ___ alcohol．
③I usually cut ______ the park on my way home so that I can arrive at my destination early．
④Some people may just need to cut back __ their schedules and go to bed earlier．
down
out
across
on
完美写作　完成句子
我们若不能多销，就必须减产。
If we don't sell more we will have to ______________________．
cut back on production
◎cut across穿过(某地)(尤指抄近路)
◎cut off中断(供给)；切掉；使……与外界隔绝
◎cut out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下
◎cut down砍倒；削减；缩小(尺寸、数量或数目)
◎cut down on (某一方面或领域内的)减少
◎cutting-edge adj．最前沿的；最先进的
◎Due to the heavy snow，our village has been cut off from the outside world，so we are writing to ask for emergency supplies like food and medicine．
由于大雪，我们村与外界隔绝了，因此我们写信请求食品和药品等紧急物资的支援。
9．proposal n．建议，提议
①The official rejected the proposal ______ (use) more disposable containers．
②Our ________ (propose) that students take turns cleaning the classroom every day has been approved by the teacher．
③I propose _______________________ (organise) a book exchange activity in our class next month，where everyone can share their favorite books with others．
to use
proposal
to organise/organising
完美写作　应用文写作之倡议书
我提议我们应当循环利用塑料制品来降低白色污染。
___________________________________________________ to reduce white pollution．
I propose that we (should) recycle plastic products
◎submit/present/put forward a proposal 提交建议
◎the proposal to do...做……的建议
◎propose to do...打算做……
◎propose doing...建议/打算做……
◎propose that...(should) do...建议……做……
◎The art club will submit a proposal to hold a traditional craft exhibition in the school hall．
艺术社团将提交一份在学校礼堂举办传统手工艺展的提案。
10．[教材原句]Well，say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth...(leave＋宾语＋动词-ing形式)
比方说你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流……
①(译林版选择性必修第二册Unit 1)The fire，which is thought to have started from the 8th floor，spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night，leaving people on the upper floors _______ (trap)．
②Accidents left the police _______ (run) from one place to another．
③His parents died，_______ (leave) him an orphan．
trapped
running
leaving
完美写作　完成句子
在那个项目上，他没有听从我的建议，最终使计划泡汤了。
He didn't follow my advice on that project，_____________________
_____________．
leaving the plan ruined
in the end
◎leave sb．/sth．doing sth．使某人/物一直做某事
◎leave sb．/sth．to do sth．使某人/物做某事
◎leave sth．/sb．done让/使某事/人被做/处于被动状态
◎leave sb．/sth．＋ n．/ adj．/ adv．/介词短语 使某人/物成为或处于某种状态
◎Salter drove off，leaving Callendar surveying the scene．
索特尔开车走了，留下加林达继续调查现场。
11．[教材原句]In 1999，the“white bikes”returned to Amsterdam—this time with a computer tracking system to record their every move！(with的复合结构)
1999年，“白色自行车”回到了阿姆斯特丹——这次安装了计算机跟踪系统以记录它们的“一举一动”！
①(译林版选择性必修第三册Unit 1)One truly unique scenic spot in Canada is the mighty Niagara Falls with water _______ (rush) over its edge in a splendid display of sights and sounds．
②With so many essays ________ (write)，he won't have time to go shopping this morning．
③The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table ____ (lay) for a meal to be cooked．
rushing
to write
laid
完美写作　句式升级
(普通表达)The final examination is approaching，so I am getting increasingly anxious．
(高级表达)______________________________________，I am getting increasingly anxious．(with的复合结构)
With the final examination approaching
◎句中with a computer tracking system to record their every move为“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”作状语。“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”即with的复合结构，在句中多作状语，也可以作定语。常见的结构有：with＋宾语＋doing/done/adj．/adv．/to do/介词短语。
◎(2025·全国一卷)We sat on the porch with Toby resting beside us，and I handed him the box of biscuits．
我们坐在门廊上，托比在我们旁边趴着，我把那盒饼干递给了他。
12．[教材原句]The new“white bikes”were not actually white but painted in bright colours．(not...but...)
新的“白色自行车”实际上不是白色的，而是被涂上了鲜艳的颜色。
①(译林版选择性必修第三册Unit 4)We all share a joint responsibility to protect and preserve them，not just for ourselves，___ for future generations．
②Either I or Mary _______ (decide) to take part in the competition．
③Not he but you ____ (be) wrong in the incident which happened last week．
but
decides
were
完美写作　完成句子
让人难忘的不是他说的话，而是他做的事。
It is ____________________________________ that are unforgettable．
not the words he says but the things he does
◎not...but...表示“不是……而是……”，连接两个并列的句子成分，当连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词必须与靠近的主语的人称和数保持一致，即就近原则。常见的用就近原则的还有：either...or...；neither...nor...；not only...but also...等。
◎His success is not a result of luck but of hard work and perseverance．
他的成功不是运气的结果，而是努力工作和坚持不懈的结果。
基础巩固 达标训练
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．An ___________ will ________ an activity themed“Green Living”．The ____________ is a former graduate from our school．(organise)
2．She is always _________ to try new things，and her _____________ impresses us a lot．(determine)
organisation
organise
organiser
determined
determination
3．They attach great importance to ___________ in that country．Their ____________ products are popular all around the world．(agriculture)
4．Large amounts of __________ (industry) waste poison the water after it enters water bodies．
5．From technological __________ (solution) to educational campaigns，
food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we're already growing．
agriculture
agricultural
industrial
solutions
6．(人教版选择性必修第四册Unit 3)Trade and curiosity have often formed the __________ (found) of mankind's greatest achievements．
7．This ________ (propose) is worth revisiting at a later date．
8．Being prepared is the best way to increase your chances of ________ (survive)．
foundation
proposal
survival
9．The number of cars is increasing ________，which contributes to ______ warming，so people all over the _____ should try to use public transportation．(globe)
10．Suddenly it ________ (occur) to me that I could have the book sent to me．
globally
global
globe
occurred
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．desert
A．n．沙漠；荒原　　　　B．vt．背离；使失望
C．vt．遗弃；抛弃
(1)(2024·浙江1月卷)While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China，I had the kind of humbling，educational，and above all else，wonderful encounter with a local that all travelers long for． __
A
(2)It's immoral to desert your pet just because it gets sick． __
(3)Somehow，her courage seemed to desert her for a moment． __
C
B
2．shoot
A．n．嫩芽，幼苗　　　　B．v．拍摄
C．v．射击；射中　　　　D．v．投篮
(1)A wild bird was shot by an unknown person near the lake． __
(2)(2023·全国乙卷)To make some of my landscape shots，I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame． __
(3)A time limit was set for a team to shoot at the basket． __
(4)Two weeks after we'd planted the seeds，little green shoots started to appear． __
C
B
D
A
3．balance
A．vt．使保持平衡　B．n．平衡　C．n．天平，秤　D．n．余额
(1)(2024·全国甲卷)You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable，but doesn't seem to come from nowhere，one that fits what's right for the characters． __
(2)How can you find the ball that is heavier by using a balance and only weighing twice？ __
A
C
(3)We should appreciate the natural balance and pay more attention to the importance of wildlife conservation． __
(4)I was about to pay when I found my credit card balance was low，so I had to pay in cash． __
B
D
4．(2022·浙江1月卷)With help from Tesla，Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current，which soon became the major form of power delivery． __
A．水流　　　　B．电流　　　　C．趋向
5．Just before and an hour after each workout，the scientists took additional samples of the men's blood and fat tissue． __
A．纸巾　　　　B．(人、动植物细胞的)组织
C．薄纸；绵纸
B
B
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．她把头靠在丈夫的肩膀上，脸上洋溢着幸福的笑容。
(1)She rested her head on her husband's shoulder，_________________
_____________________________．(独立主格结构)
(2)She rested her head on her husband's shoulder，_________________
__________________________________．(with的复合结构)
a smile of happiness
with a smile of
happiness spreading across her face
spreading across her face
2．凯特的突然离去使我们大家想知道将要发生什么事。
Kate's sudden leaving ______________________________________．
3．为了提高你的英语水平，我认为你不应专注于背诵长单词，而应专注于练习日常对话。
To improve your English，I think you should focus _________________
________________________________________________．
left us wondering what was going to happen
not on memorizing
long words but on practicing daily conversations
4．我忽然想起本来应该给你留张便条。
(1)_________________ that I should have left you a note．(occur)
(2)_________ that I should have left you a note．(hit)
(3)____________ that I should have left you a note．(strike)
It occurred to me
It hit me
It struck me
主题引领 写作提能
假定你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华，你所在的城市近年来交通拥堵越来越严重，请你以学生会的名义向全校师生写一封绿色出行的倡议书。内容包括：
1．绿色出行的意义；
2．绿色出行的方式；
3．提出号召。
Step1　写作微练
①随着私家车的增加，我们城市的交通堵塞变得越来越严重，所以我代表学生会呼吁大家绿色出行。
As private cars are increasing，the traffic jams in our city _________________________________，so I，on behalf of the Students'Council，______________________________．
have become more and more serious
appeal to everyone to go green
②如果我们不采用绿色出行，我们就无法构筑一个可持续发展的环境，也无法拥有健康的生活方式。(if引导的虚拟条件句)
If we __________________________，we wouldn't build a sustainable environment or have a healthy lifestyle．
③我强烈建议，我们首先要进一步提高我们对绿色出行重要性的认识。(propose)
_______________________ we should first further raise our awareness of the importance of green travel．
did not adopt green travel
I strongly propose that
④一旦我们决定骑自行车或乘公共交通工具而不是开私家车出行，我们不仅可以避免交通堵塞，而且还可以改善我们的健康。
Once we __________________________ or take public transport instead of driving private vehicles，__________________________________ but also improve our health．
⑤在我们的日常生活中，我们应该想出更有效的措施来践行绿色生活。(come up with)
In our daily lives，we should __________________________________ to live a green life．
determine to ride bicycles
we can not only avoid traffic jams
come up with more effective measures
⑥一个小小的行动就能带来巨大的改变。让我们现在就行动起来，享受绿色生活吧！
A small act ___________________________．Let's act now and enjoy a green life!
can make a great difference
Step2　句式升级
⑦用“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构改写①中的句子
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
⑧用倒装结构改写④中的句子
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With private cars increasing，the traffic jams in our city have become more and more serious，so I，on behalf of the Students'Council，appeal to everyone to go green．
Once we determine to ride bicycles or take public transport instead of driving private vehicles，not only can we avoid traffic jams but also we can improve our health．
Step3　妙笔成篇
【参考范文】
Dear teachers and classmates，
With private cars increasing，the traffic jams in our city have become more and more serious，so I，on behalf of the Students'Council，appeal to everyone to go green．
Firstly，if we did not adopt green travel，we wouldn't build a sustainable environment or have a healthy lifestyle．To achieve that，I strongly propose that we should first further raise our awareness of the importance of green travel．Once we determine to ride bicycles or take public transport instead of driving private vehicles，not only can we avoid traffic jams but also we can improve our health．Last but not least，in our daily lives，we should come up with more effective measures to live a green life．
A small act can make a great difference．Let's act now and enjoy a green life!
The Students'Council
教材 语料 亮词 动作描写：recycle；do my part for sth．；shoot；bother；take action；wag；involve；disappear；pedal；cut back on；sum；overflow
环境描写：ocean；smog；desert；path；flooding
情感描写：just-me-ism；contented；overcome；determination；work through
Step1　语料积累
教材 语料 美句 1．Well，say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth，leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up．
2．Every individual matters．Every individual has a role to play．Every individual makes a difference．
拓展 语料 单词 anxious adj．焦虑的，担心的→anxiously adv．焦虑地→anxiety n．焦虑，忧虑；worried adj．担心的，发愁的→worrying adj．令人担心的→worry vt．使忧虑，使担心 n．担心，忧虑；helpless/hopeless adj．无助的，绝望的→helplessness/hopelessness n．无助；绝望
拓展 语料 语块 with anxiety焦虑地；full of/filled with anxiety充满焦虑；feelings of anxiety and concern焦虑和担忧的感觉；bend one's head in despair 绝望地垂下了头；abandon oneself to helplessness陷入无助；be reduced to tears使流下眼泪；heart torn with despair绝望得撕心裂肺
拓展 语料 句型 1．Fog beginning to creep into the forest，I grew increasingly concerned．(独立主格结构)
雾气开始悄悄进入森林，我越来越担心。
2．Filled with anxiety，he froze there helpless，frowning．(过去分词短语作状语；形容词作状语)
他充满了焦虑，无助地僵在那里，皱着眉头。
拓展 语料 句型 3．With everything swallowed by the darkness，Mary was close to crying with anxiety and fear．(with的复合结构)
一切都被黑暗吞没了，玛丽满心焦虑与恐惧，几乎要哭出来了。
4．He gazed at the confusion around him，overwhelmed by/overcome with a feeling of despair．(过去分词短语作状语)
他凝视着周围的一片混乱，被一股绝望感彻底淹没。
Step2　语料运用
①十年后，当我踏入家乡的那一刻，我望着光秃秃的山和脏兮兮的河，在那里僵住了，被一股绝望感彻底淹没。(过去分词短语作状语)
The moment I set foot on my hometown ten years later，I gazed at the bare mountain and dirty river and froze there，_____________________
__________________________．
②往日的美景如洪水般涌了回来。(比喻)
The past beautiful scenery ___________________．
overwhelmed by/overcome
came back in floods
with a feeling of despair
③我流下了眼泪，绝望地低下了头，想着是什么造成了这种可怕的环境。
I ________________________________________________，thinking what had contributed to the terrible environment．
④由于担心被破坏的环境，我在最初的几天里心神不宁，如坐针毡。(形容词短语作状语)
_____________________________________________，I was unsettled for the first few days，being on pins and needles．
was reduced to tears and bent my head in despair
Concerned/Worried about the destroyed environment
⑤决定改变这种状况，我开始发表演讲，敦促人们保护环境。(形容词短语作状语)
___________________________________，I began delivering lectures to ______________________________________．
⑥公众的积极反应消除了我焦虑和担忧的感觉。
The public's active responses __________________________________
___________．
Determined to change the situation
urge people to protect the environment
melted away my feelings of anxiety
and concern
题型组合练(十五)　必修第三册　UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：47.5分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2026·湖南永州模拟)As plastic waste continues to increase across the globe，creating serious environmental challenges，researchers are turning to nature for sustainable solutions．Maksud Rahman，an assistant professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at the University of Houston，has developed an innovative method for transforming bacterial cellulose (细菌纤维素)，a biodegradable material，into a multifunctional substance that could serve as a replacement for plastic．
This material holds promise for a wide range of uses．It could soon be used to create everyday items such as disposable water bottles，eco-friendly packaging，and even wound dressings，relying on bacterial cellulose，a naturally abundant and biodegradable biopolymer (生物聚合物) found in the environment．“We imagine these strong，multifunctional and eco-friendly bacterial cellulose sheets becoming common，replacing plastics in various industries and helping reduce environmental damage，”said Rahman，who is reporting his work in Nature Communications．
Growing concern over the harmful effects of petroleum-based，non-degradable materials on the environment has intensified the demand for sustainable alternatives，such as natural or biomaterials．Bacterial cellulose has emerged as a potential biomaterial that is naturally abundant，biodegradable，and biocompatible (生物相容的)．To strengthen the cellulose and create more functionality，the research team added boron nitride nanosheets (氮化硼纳米片) to the liquid that feeds the bacteria and made a material called“bacterial cellulose-boron nitride hybrid nanosheets”with better mechanical properties and thermal (热的) properties．
Rahman said the approach to producing strong and multifunctional bacterial cellulose sheets would pave the way towards applications in structural materials，thermal management，packaging，textiles，green electronics and energy storage．“We're essentially guiding the bacteria to behave with purpose．Rather than moving randomly，we direct their motion，so they produce cellulose in an organised way．This controlled behavior，combined with our flexible biosynthesis (生物合成) method using various nanomaterials，enables us to achieve multifunctional properties in the material，”Rahman said．
“This work is a perfect example of interdisciplinary (跨学科的) science at the intersection of materials science，biology，and nanoengineering，”Rahman added．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是休斯顿大学机械与航空航天工程系助理教授Maksud Rahman及其研究团队开发的一种创新方法，即将细菌纤维素(一种可生物降解的材料)转化为多功能物质，以替代塑料，应对全球塑料垃圾增多带来的环境挑战。
√
1．Why does the author mention“plastic waste”in the beginning
A．To present an idea．
B．To explain a concept．
C．To make a prediction．
D．To give background information．
D　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“As plastic waste continues to increase across the globe，creating serious environmental challenges，researchers are turning to nature for sustainable solutions．”及下文介绍处理塑料垃圾的创新方法可知，作者一开始提到“塑料垃圾”是为了提供背景资料。故选D。]
√
2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The features of the new material．
B．The potential application of the new material．
C．The ways of reducing environmental damage．
D．The process of producing many everyday items．
B　[段落大意题。根据第二段第一、二句可知，第二段主要讲的是新材料的潜在应用。故选B。]
√
3．What did the research team do to improve bacterial cellulose
A．They changed the type of bacteria that produce cellulose．
B．They mixed nanomaterials into bacterial cellulose directly．
C．They added boron nitride nanosheets to the bacterial nutrient liquid．
D．They combined boron nitride nanosheets with bacterial cellulose completely．
C　[细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，研究小组在细菌的营养液中加入了氮化硼纳米片来改善细菌纤维素。故选C。]
4．Which of the following would Rahman agree with
A．Cellulose is produced randomly．
B．Knowledge in a single field is applied．
C．The bacteria behave purposefully under guidance．
D．Cellulose sheets hardly benefit different applications．
√
C　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“We're essentially guiding the bacteria to behave with purpose．Rather than moving randomly，we direct their motion，so they produce cellulose in an organised way．”可知，Rahman会同意的观点是细菌在引导下有目的地活动。故选C。]
B
(2025·海南文昌中学模拟) One person's rubbish is another person's literary treasure．In Ankara，Türkiye，a group of rubbish collectors couldn't help but notice a pattern—they kept finding books in the rubbish that they picked up around the city．Sad to see resources that could easily benefit others being thrown away，they came up with an idea．The workers created a library with the books they rescued from being sent to a landfill．
The rubbish collectors began organising the books in an underground brick factory．The place，which had long been deserted，was part of government buildings．Thanks to its aged brick front and long hallways，the space turned out to be perfect for a library．
Once they sorted the books by type，the workers visited the library before and after their shifts (换班)．Then，they began lending out books to their friends and families．As the library became more popular，the rubbish collectors finally opened things up to the public in 2017，and books began to be donated instead of being thrown out．
With a collection of over 6，000 books，the library features Turkish literature and storybooks．It also has a popular kids'section with comic books and an entire section for scientific research．It has books for people who speak another language，like English and French．Also，they added a place to relax for readers and chessboards for visitors．
The effort has reached beyond Ankara．Not only do the rubbish collectors take pride in the library—something many didn't have the chance to use when they were young—but village school teachers from all over Türkiye are asking for books from this project．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了土耳其的垃圾收集者用从垃圾中抢救出来的书籍创建图书馆的故事。
√
5．What did the rubbish collectors first notice about the books they found in the rubbish
A．They were rare first editions．
B．They were all damaged beyond repair．
C．They were mostly educational textbooks．
D．They could be a valuable resource for others．
D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“In Ankara，Türkiye，a group of rubbish collectors couldn't help but notice a pattern...Sad to see resources that could easily benefit others being thrown away，they came up with an idea．”可知，垃圾收集者注意到他们发现的这些书籍能够惠及他人，即他们认为这些书可以成为其他人的宝贵资源。故选D。]
√
6．Where was the library set up
A．In a small village．
B．In a deserted school．
C．In an underground brick factory．
D．In the rubbish collectors'homes．
C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“The rubbish collectors began organising the books in an underground brick factory．”可知，图书馆建在地下砖厂内。故选C。]
√
7．How do the rubbish collectors feel about their library project
A．Expectant．　　　　　　 B．Proud．
C．Embarrassed． D．Worried．
B　[观点态度题。根据最后一段中“Not only do the rubbish collectors take pride in the library”可知，垃圾收集者们对他们的图书馆项目感到非常自豪。故选B。]
√
8．What would be the best title for the text
A．Rubbish Collectors'Dream：A Free Library
B．From Rubbish to Treasure：A Library's Birth
C．The Power of Recycling in Ankara
D．A Unique Library in Türkiye
B　[标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“One person's rubbish is another person's literary treasure．In Ankara，Türkiye，a group of rubbish collectors couldn't help but notice a pattern...they came up with an idea．The workers created a library with the books they rescued from being sent to a landfill．”可知，文章讲述了垃圾收集者们如何将废弃的书籍变成宝贵的资源，从而创建了一个图书馆。因此，标题“从垃圾到宝藏：图书馆的诞生”最能概括文章的主题和内容。故选B。]
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2026·广东深圳模拟)Anna Sacks，known as the Trash Walker，transformed her life from working at a bank to becoming an 　1　 climate-change activist．
Years ago，Sacks 　2　 the Adamah program，a Jewish farming program focusing on sustainable living．Inspired by their minimal waste practices，she made up her mind to undertake a 　3　 to fight against consumer waste in New York．
Sacks began“trash walking”，　4　 through garbage for reusable things．Her discoveries were 　5　—designer accessories (配饰)，unopened food，and even expensive goods like necklaces．She 　6　 her finds on the Internet，drawing much attention to her eye-opening videos that 　7　 the great amount of company and consumer waste．
“One man's trash is another's treasure，and that couldn't be more 　8　 in my case，”Sacks joked．“Like an urban treasure hunter，I've found many practical 　9　 like new wool socks，holiday decorations，and fresh flowers，which I often keep or share with others．”
Sacks's 　10　 go beyond personal gain．Her actions have 　11　 companies to change their waste practices．Her video about the destruction of expensive handbags led a famous brand to 　12　 destroying in-store returns．　13　，her video of CVS's waste caused the company to reconsider its disposal (清理) policies．
Through her unique 　14　，Sacks has inspired people to rethink their consumption habits and take action against waste，which can 　15　 a more sustainable future．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了被称为“垃圾行者”的安娜·萨克斯从银行职员转变为有影响力的气候变化活动家的经历。
1．A．influential B．efficient
C．intelligent D．awkward
√
A　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“the Trash Walker”和下文“to fight against consumer waste in New York”可知，安娜·萨克斯致力于反对消费浪费，在环保方面作出了贡献，是一名有影响力的气候变化活动家。故选A项。]
2．A．founded B．joined
C．expanded D．estimated
√
B　[考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“Inspired by their minimal waste practices，she made up her mind to undertake a ______ to fight against consumer waste in New York．”可知，萨克斯受到“阿达玛”(Adamah)项目的影响，由此可知，她是加入了这个项目。故选B项。]
3．A．survey B．fashion
C．mission D．study
√
C　[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“to fight against consumer waste in New York”和选项可知，萨克斯反对纽约的消费浪费，由此可知，她将反对消费浪费作为自己的使命。故选C项。]
4．A．searching B．begging
C．struggling D．paying
√
A　[考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“through garbage for reusable things”可知，萨克斯在垃圾中搜寻可重复使用的东西。故选A项。]
5．A．satisfying B．entertaining
C．frustrating D．astonishing
√
D　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据破折号后“designer accessories，unopened food，and even expensive goods like necklaces”可知，萨克斯在垃圾中发现了设计师配饰、未开封的食物，甚至还有项链等昂贵的商品，这些发现令人吃惊。故选D项。]
6．A．sold B．donated
C．transported D．documented
√
D　[考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“her eye-opening videos”可知，萨克斯将自己的发现记录成视频，发布到网上。故选D项。]
7．A．decreased B．exposed
C．collected D．limited
√
B　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文萨克斯在垃圾中的发现和制作视频并发布在网上，以及下文“the great amount of company and consumer waste”可知，此处在说萨克斯令人大开眼界的视频揭露了公司和消费者的巨大浪费。故选B项。]
8．A．wrong B．good
C．true D．cool
√
C　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“One man's trash is another's treasure”和下文“Like an urban treasure hunter，I've found many practical ______ like new wool socks，holiday decorations，and fresh flowers，which I often keep or share with others．”可知，萨克斯认为对于自己来说，从垃圾中找到的物品都是实用的，由此可知，她认为“一个人的垃圾是另一个人的宝贝”这句话在自己这里再正确不过了。故选C项。]
9．A．tools B．series
C．clothes D．items
√
D　[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“like new wool socks，holiday decorations，and fresh flowers”可知，新的羊毛袜、节日装饰品和鲜花都属于物品。故选D项。]
10．A．experiments B．comments
C．efforts D．appeals
√
C　[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“Her actions have ______ companies”可知，萨克斯的行为促使公司改变了浪费的做法，由此可知，她的努力超越了个人利益，对环境保护作出了贡献。故选C项。]
11．A．pressured B．prevented
C．discouraged D．benefited
√
A　[考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“Her video about the destruction of expensive handbags led a famous brand to ________ destroying in-store returns．________，her video of CVS's waste caused the company to reconsider its disposal policies．”可知，萨克斯的视频促使公司改变了浪费的做法，即她的行为迫使公司改变了做法。故选A项。]
12．A．continue B．resist
C．consider D．quit
√
D　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“Her actions have ______ companies to change their waste practices．”可知，萨克斯的行为促使公司改变了浪费的做法，由此可知，她关于昂贵手袋被毁的视频促使一个著名品牌停止在店内销毁退货商品。故选D项。]
13．A．Naturally B．Similarly
C．Fortunately D．Originally
√
B　[考查副词词义辨析。根据上文“Her video about the destruction of expensive handbags led a famous brand to ________ destroying in-store returns．”和下文“her video of CVS's waste caused the company to reconsider its disposal policies”可知，萨克斯的视频促使一个著名品牌停止在店内销毁退货商品，同样，她关于CVS浪费的视频也促使该公司重新考虑其处理政策，两段视频带来的结果是相似的。故选B项。]
14．A．symbol B．technique
C．approach D．gesture
√
C　[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“Through her unique”和下文“Sacks has inspired people to rethink their consumption habits and take action against waste”可知，萨克斯通过自己独特的方法激励人们重新思考他们的消费习惯，并采取行动反对浪费。故选C项。]
15．A．contribute to B．apply to
C．result from D．check out
√
A　[考查动词短语辨析。根据上文“Sacks has inspired people to rethink their consumption habits and take action against waste”可知，萨克斯激励人们重新思考他们的消费习惯，并采取行动反对浪费，由此可知，这些行为有助于创造一个更可持续的未来。故选A项。]
Ⅲ．七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
They say once you learn to ride a bike，you'll never forget．Most of us learned to ride when we were kids，and today many still wear helmets，put our feet on the pedals，and shoot off for a ride on the streets．In recent times，cycling has seen an increase in popularity，so many people raise a question：　1　.
First，let's look at the health benefits．Cycling can improve your cardiovascular (心血管的) health and burn extra body fat．Strengthening your muscles in your legs helps increase your potential torque (扭矩) and cadence (节奏)．And the benefits from cycling aren't just physical，but mental as well．　2　.
Cycling can be a great way to go to work or get about town．　3　 If you drive to work，sometimes finding somewhere to park can be a nightmare，whereas finding somewhere to chain your bike up can be much simpler．Then，on the subway，there are transfers at stations and other people who go to work speaking loudly on their phones．　4　 And if you're worried about safety，there are designated cycle lanes in many major cities．In addition，Wearing high-visibility clothing is another way to improve your safety when cycling on the roads．
　5　 It can help you reduce your carbon footprints．Not giving off greenhouse gases into the atmosphere is better for the planet and your own environment．
So，whether people want to cycle for their health，their wallet，the environment，or a combination of all of them—the popularity of cycling is on the rise．
A．What makes cycling so convenient
B．But cyclists face neither of these issues．
C．Cycling is also a sustainable means of transport．
D．Riding a bicycle can definitely cure your anxiety．
E．This can save you a lot of money on fuel or public transportation．
F．What makes it so attractive for people to take their bikes once again
G．A long ride in the countryside could help you clear your mind，or de-stress．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍骑行受欢迎的原因，包括健康、便利、省钱、环保等益处。
1．F　[根据上文“In recent times，cycling has seen an increase in popularity，so many people raise a question”可知，此空应是人们针对骑行流行所提出的问题。F选项中的“it”指代上文的“cycling”，“attractive”呼应“increase in popularity”，该问题引出下文对骑行吸引力的具体阐述，符合语境。故选F项。]
2．G　[根据上文“And the benefits from cycling aren't just physical，but mental as well．”可知，此空应具体说明骑行在精神层面的益处。G选项中的“clear your mind，or de-stress”属于精神层面的好处，与上文“mental as well”相呼应，符合语境。故选G项。]
3．E　[根据上文“Cycling can be a great way to go to work or get about town．”以及下文“If you drive to work，sometimes finding somewhere to park can be a nightmare，whereas finding somewhere to chain your bike up can be much simpler．”可知，此空应说明骑行在上班或出行方面的具体优势。E选项中的“This”指代上文“Cycling...to work or get about town”，“save money”体现了骑行在经济上的好处，符合语境。故选E项。]
4．B　[根据上文“Then，on the subway，there are transfers at stations and other people who go to work speaking loudly on their phones．”可知，此空应说明骑行者不会面临地铁出行的这些问题。B选项中的“neither of these issues”指代上文地铁出行的换乘和噪音问题，“But”表示转折，突出骑行的优势，符合语境。故选B项。]
5．C　[根据下文“It can help you reduce your carbon footprints．Not giving off greenhouse gases into the atmosphere is better for the planet and your own environment．”可知，此空应提及骑行在环保方面的属性。C选项中的“sustainable”对应下文“reduce your carbon footprints”和“Not giving off greenhouse gases”，“also”表明这是骑行的又一好处，符合语境。故选C项。]
题型组合练(十六)　必修第三册　UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：50分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2026·湖南怀化模拟)Climate change has been a long-standing issue that continuously drives scientists to find green，sustainable fuels．The universe's most abundant element，hydrogen (氢)，has drawn their attention and is now on its way to becoming the future of green fuel．
More than $150 billion worth of green hydrogen projects were announced globally in 2020．A European multinational aerospace corporation，has taken the lead in the new sustainable fuel industry．It has designed self-contained hydrogen fuel cell pods that can be attached to the underside of airplane wings，promoting the use of hydrogen fuel for long-distance flights，which aim to achieve zero emissions．
Compared to fossil fuels，hydrogen is a much more eco-friendly fuel．When hydrogen burns，the only by-product is water．However，the traditional way to get hydrogen from natural gas or coal generates considerable carbon emissions．The greenest way is to obtain hydrogen from water using electrolysis (电解) powered by renewable energy，although this process requires so much electricity that it is quite expensive．The key to making hydrogen competitive with fossil fuels is to lower the production cost to under $1.50/kg．This would require lowering around 50 percent of renewable power costs and 75 percent of electrolyzer costs，according to Australia's Renewable Energy Agency．
Also，shipping liquid hydrogen is challenging，given that it needs to be chilled to －253 ℃ to do so．According to Reuters，most of the world's big hydrogen export projects are looking to ship hydrogen in the form of liquid ammonia (氨)，which can be changed to hydrogen and needs to be chilled to only －33 ℃．
With more and more countries aiming to cut down carbon emissions to solve the issue of global warming，green hydrogen will help decarbonizing industries that can't be electrified hit the targets．
“We could use these circumstances，where loads of public money are going to be needed for the energy system，to jump forward towards a hydrogen economy，”said Diederik Samsom，who heads the European Commission's climate cabinet．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为降低碳排放，减缓全球气候变暖的趋势，广大科学家将目光聚焦在氢气这一绿色能源上，并阐述了氢气作为能源的运输条件及发展前景。
√
1．What is the strength of the hydrogen fuel
A．It works very efficiently．
B．It is convenient to store．
C．It is environmentally friendly．
D．It produces no by-product．
C　[细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，氢燃料的主要优点就在于环保。故选C。]
√
2．What is the challenge when shipping liquid hydrogen
A．The expensive cost of shipping．
B．The required temperature．
C．The construction of liquefied carriers．
D．Changing it to the form of liquid ammonia．
B　[细节理解题。根据第四段中“Also，shipping liquid hydrogen is challenging，given that it needs to be chilled to －253 ℃ to do so．”可知，液态氢气的运输需要先将其冷却至超低温。故选B。]
√
3．Which industries does green hydrogen benefit
A．Those powered by fossil fuels．
B．Those generating electricity．
C．Those funded by public money．
D．Those making hydrogen．
A　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，绿色氢可以让以化石燃料为动力的行业受益。故选A。]
√
4．What is the most suitable title for the passage
A．Fueling a Green Future
B．Living a Green Life
C．Shipping Liquid Hydrogen
D．Making Hydrogen Competitive
A　[标题归纳题。根据第一段内容，再结合文章主要介绍为了降低碳排放，减缓全球气候变暖的趋势，广大科学家将目光聚焦在氢气这一绿色能源上，并阐述了氢气作为能源的运输条件及发展前景。可知，A选项“推动绿色未来”最适合作文章标题。故选A。]
B
(2025·广东汕头模拟)Shannon Baker，a landscape architect at Waterfront Toronto，pauses to point out a red-tailed hawk (鹰) flying over the restored Don River valley—a sight unimaginable eight years ago when this site was a deadly industrial zone．The hawk's presence symbolizes the success of Canada's most ambitious urban ecological project：transforming 300 hectares of abandoned factories and oil tanks into a lively ecosystem．
In the 1880s，the Don River was rerouted into the Keating Channel to create land for a new port．For over a century since then，it regularly flooded the surrounding areas．Engineers solved this by carving a 1.3-kilometre river bed reconnecting the waterway to Lake Ontario．The scale of effort to make the new river extension has been enormous：The construction was completed in four-plus years；roads were lifted or moved；multiple bridges were built；1.4 million cubic metres of polluted soil were treated and reused or replaced．Most remarkably，bioengineered“instant forests”were created using interlocking root systems and layered soils to create mature ecosystems．
“For me，the project is about reconnection，”says Baker．“We're reconnecting the river to the lake，and in this process，reconnecting people．”Perhaps the deepest reconnections are with local indigenous communities，who settled in the area centuries before the city's creation．Waterfront Toronto engaged the MinoKamik Collective，an elder-led native environmental consultancy，to help design the planting strategy．“We put in wetland plants to help stabilize the riverbank and draw in animals，”says Shelley Charles，leader of the native elders．“When we met on the land at the start of the project，there was nothing．It was like an artist's canvas (画布)．Now when you stand in the same place，you're able to walk along the river．It's unbelievable．”
Baker agrees and points out that people visiting the site today for the first time might not appreciate what's been done．“Because when you look at the river as well as the wetland now，it looks like it's always been there．”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大Don River谷地的生态修复工程，工程师们通过扩建河道解决洪水问题，并将工业废土转化为湿地生态系统的一部分。
√
5．How does the writer introduce the topic
A．By showing data．
B．By making a comparison．
C．By giving an appeal．
D．By raising an assumption．
B　[推理判断题。根据第一段可知，作者通过对比过去工业区与现在生态恢复区的景象，引入话题。故选B项。]
√
6．What is the primary purpose of the new river extension
A．To prevent flooding．
B．To attract wildlife．
C．To create a new port．
D．To build new roads．
A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“For over a century since then，it regularly flooded surrounding areas．Engineers solved this by carving a 1.3-kilometre river bed reconnecting the waterway to Lake Ontario．The scale of effort to make the new river extension has been enormous”可知，新河道扩建的主要目的是防止洪水。故选A项。]
√
7．What is Charles's attitude towards the project
A．Proud．　　　　　　 B．Concerned．
C．Unbelieving． D．Indifferent．
A　[观点态度题。根据第三段中Charles所说的话可知，Charles认为这片土地发生了巨大的变化，是令人难以置信的，语气充满成就感和自豪。故选A项。]
√
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Waterfront：A History of Toronto
B．Keating Channel：A Nature Restoration Project
C．The River Extension：From Wasteland to Wetland
D．MinoKamik Collective：Between Indigenous Communities
C　[标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“The hawk's presence symbolizes the success of Canada's most ambitious urban ecological project：transforming 300 hectares of abandoned factories and oil tanks into a lively ecosystem．”可知，文章围绕加拿大Don River谷地的生态修复工程展开，工程师们通过扩建河道解决洪水问题，并将工业废土转化为湿地生态系统的一部分。因此，C项“河道扩建：从荒芜之地到湿地”涵盖河道工程这一核心事件与生态修复的结果，最适合作为文章标题。故选C项。]
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2026·安徽宿州模拟)Growing up，I spent countless hours in the woods behind my childhood home．Each tree had a story，a memory
　1　 to it．I remember the 　2　 of friends echoing (回响) in the woods as we played games of hide and seek，and that the sun shone through the leaves，casting shadows on the forest floor．
When I 　3　 home after five years in college，I was 　4　 by how much the ecosystem had changed．With climate change getting 　5　 and more buildings being built，I was 　6　 about what's happening．
The colorful memories of my childhood were 　7　．In its place lay a landscape marked by change—change that feels invasive (入侵的) and strange．Many trees were cut down，　8　 by housing developments that had no 　9　 and character．
I can't just 　10　 and do nothing．I began to educate myself about conservation efforts，driven by the changes I 　11　 in my environment．I have joined local conservation groups，participating in tree-planting initiatives to 　12　 native species and fight against plants that don't belong here．Besides，I made efforts to raise 　13　 in my community about the importance of preserving our natural spaces．
As we face the realities of a changing climate，may we find 　14　 not only in our memories but also in our collective capacity to create a good future for both people and the planet，where we live together 　15　，taking care of all the living things．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述了作者童年时在树林中留下的美好回忆，以及多年后回到家乡发现生态系统发生巨大变化后的感慨和行动。
1．A．addicted B．committed
C．exposed D．attached
√
D　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“Growing up，I spent countless hours in the woods behind my childhood home．”可知，作者的童年是在树林里度过，所以应是每棵树都有一个故事，一段回忆。故选D项。]
2．A．laughter B．songs
C．scream D．whispers
√
A　[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“friends echoing in the woods as we played games of hide and seek”可知，和朋友们玩捉迷藏，应是高兴的事，所以是笑声在树林里回荡。故选A项。]
3．A．moved B．returned
C．left D．rang
√
B　[考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“after five years in college”和选项可知，在大学5年后，应是从大学回到家乡。故选B项。]
4．A．amused B．attacked
C．struck D．stuck
√
C　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文“how much the ecosystem had changed”可知，作者家乡的变化很大，所以这让作者感到震惊。故选C项。]
5．A．worse B．colder
C．drier D．better
√
A　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文“Many trees were cut down”可知，许多树木被砍伐，所以应是气候变化越来越严重。故选A项。]
6．A．curious B．worried
C．positive D．particular
√
B　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文“I have joined local conservation groups，participating in tree-planting initiatives”可知，作者加入当地的环保组织，参与了保护本地物种的植树活动，所以是为正在发生的事情感到担心。故选B项。]
7．A．flooding in B．calming down
C．setting out D．falling away
√
D　[考查动词短语辨析。根据下文“In its place lay a landscape marked by change—change that feels invasive and strange．”可知，作者的童年记忆被以变化为标志的景观所代替，所以童年的多彩记忆正在散去。故选D项。]
8．A．detected B．ruined
C．replaced D．attracted
√
C　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“In its place lay a landscape marked by change”可知，许多童年记忆中的树木被砍伐，取而代之的是没有生命和特色的住宅。故选C项。]
9．A．life B．color
C．emphasis D．history
√
A　[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“Many trees were cut down，______ by housing developments”可知，此处是拿住宅和树木作对比，所以住宅是没有生命和特色的。故选A项。]
10．A．think B．advertise
C．quit D．watch
√
D　[考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“I began to educate myself about conservation efforts”可知，作者开始采取行动保护环境，所以应是“不能坐视不管”之意。故选D项。]
11．A．caused B．brought
C．witnessed D．prevented
√
C　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“I was ______ by how much the ecosystem had changed．”可知，作者目睹了环境的变化。故选C项。]
12．A．spread B．restore
C．buy D．water
√
B　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“I have joined local conservation groups，participating in tree-planting initiatives”可知，作者参与植树活动，以恢复本地物种。故选B项。]
13．A．awareness B．funds
C．pay D．standards
√
A　[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“in my community about the importance of preserving our natural spaces”和选项可知，应是提高社区对保护自然空间重要性的认识。故选A项。]
14．A．entertainment B．certainty
C．circumstance D．comfort
√
D　[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“As we face the realities of a changing climate”以及下文“in our memories”，并结合选项可知，应是在面对气候变化的现实时，能在记忆中找到慰藉。故选D项。]
15．A．harmoniously B．competitively
C．distinctly D．apparently
√
A　[考查副词词义辨析。根据下文“taking care of all the living things”可知，呵护所有生灵，应是和其他生灵和谐相处。故选A项。]
Ⅲ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·安徽铜陵模拟)In recent years，urban sustainability has emerged as a crucial topic globally．Cities，1．________ are home to over half of the global population，play a vital role in addressing environmental challenges．
which
One key aspect is the development of green infrastructure．For example，many cities are constructing rooftop gardens．These gardens not only provide aesthetic value but also offer multiple 2．________ (function)．With a large amount of rainwater 3．________ (absorb)，the risk of urban flooding is greatly reduced．Additionally，they help to insulate (使隔热) buildings，thus 4．________ (cut) down energy consumption for heating and cooling．Rooftop gardens are also beneficial 5．________ urban biodiversity，providing habitats for various insects and birds．
functions
absorbed
cutting
to
Public transportation is another vital element in urban sustainability．
Cities like Copenhagen and Tokyo 6．__________________ (admire) for their efficient and extensive public transport systems over the past few years．Copenhagen，in particular，encourages cycling as a primary mode of transportation．The city has 7．______ unique network of cycle lanes，which makes it convenient and safe for cyclists．In Tokyo，the subway system is so punctual and widely connected that it serves as the backbone of the city's mobility．
have been admired
a
However，urban sustainability is not easy 8．_________ (achieve) for many cities．The high cost of implementing green projects can be a significant barrier．Moreover，changing people's habits and attitudes towards sustainable living requires time and public 9．___________ (aware)．But with collective action from governments，businesses，and individuals，cities can become more 10．________ (live) and sustainable in the future．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了城市可持续性发展的重要性、相关举措和挑战。
to achieve
awareness
livable
1．which　[考查非限制性定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Cities，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。]
2．functions　[考查名词复数。根据空前multiple可知，空处应填名词function的复数形式functions，作offer的宾语。故填functions。]
3．absorbed　[考查非谓语动词。根据空前With a large amount of rainwater可知，此处是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的复合结构，rainwater与absorb之间是被动关系，应用过去分词absorbed作宾语补足语。故填absorbed。]
4．cutting　[考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词help，空处应用非谓语动词，表示自然而然产生的结果，thus后接cutting作结果状语。故填cutting。]
5．to　[考查固定搭配。固定搭配be beneficial to，意为“对……有好处”，空处填to。故填to。]
6．have been admired　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语over the past few years可知，句子时态应用现在完成时，主语Cities like Copenhagen and Tokyo与谓语动词admire之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是复数，助动词用have。故填have been admired。]
7．a　[考查冠词。根据空后unique network可知，此处表示“一个独特的自行车道网络”，表泛指，且unique的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。]
8．to achieve　[考查非谓语动词。根据空前is not easy可知，固定搭配be easy to do sth．，意为“做某事很容易”，其中动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义，作状语。故填to achieve。]
9．awareness　[考查名词。空处应填名词awareness，作requires的宾语，public awareness意为“公众意识”。故填awareness。]
10．livable　[考查形容词。根据空后and sustainable可知，空处应填形容词livable“宜居的”，作become的表语。故填livable。]
谢 谢 ！题型组合练(十五)　必修第三册　UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：47.5分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2026·湖南永州模拟)As plastic waste continues to increase across the globe，creating serious environmental challenges，researchers are turning to nature for sustainable solutions．Maksud Rahman，an assistant professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at the University of Houston，has developed an innovative method for transforming bacterial cellulose (细菌纤维素)，a biodegradable material，into a multifunctional substance that could serve as a replacement for plastic．
This material holds promise for a wide range of uses．It could soon be used to create everyday items such as disposable water bottles，eco-friendly packaging，and even wound dressings，relying on bacterial cellulose，a naturally abundant and biodegradable biopolymer (生物聚合物) found in the environment．“We imagine these strong，multifunctional and eco-friendly bacterial cellulose sheets becoming common，replacing plastics in various industries and helping reduce environmental damage，”said Rahman，who is reporting his work in Nature Communications．
Growing concern over the harmful effects of petroleum-based，non-degradable materials on the environment has intensified the demand for sustainable alternatives，such as natural or biomaterials．Bacterial cellulose has emerged as a potential biomaterial that is naturally abundant，biodegradable，and biocompatible (生物相容的)．To strengthen the cellulose and create more functionality，the research team added boron nitride nanosheets (氮化硼纳米片) to the liquid that feeds the bacteria and made a material called“bacterial cellulose-boron nitride hybrid nanosheets”with better mechanical properties and thermal (热的) properties．
Rahman said the approach to producing strong and multifunctional bacterial cellulose sheets would pave the way towards applications in structural materials，thermal management，packaging，textiles，green electronics and energy storage．“We're essentially guiding the bacteria to behave with purpose．Rather than moving randomly，we direct their motion，so they produce cellulose in an organised way．This controlled behavior，combined with our flexible biosynthesis (生物合成) method using various nanomaterials，enables us to achieve multifunctional properties in the material，”Rahman said．
“This work is a perfect example of interdisciplinary (跨学科的) science at the intersection of materials science，biology，and nanoengineering，”Rahman added．
1．Why does the author mention“plastic waste”in the beginning
A．To present an idea．
B．To explain a concept．
C．To make a prediction．
D．To give background information．
2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The features of the new material．
B．The potential application of the new material．
C．The ways of reducing environmental damage．
D．The process of producing many everyday items．
3．What did the research team do to improve bacterial cellulose
A．They changed the type of bacteria that produce cellulose．
B．They mixed nanomaterials into bacterial cellulose directly．
C．They added boron nitride nanosheets to the bacterial nutrient liquid．
D．They combined boron nitride nanosheets with bacterial cellulose completely．
4．Which of the following would Rahman agree with
A．Cellulose is produced randomly．
B．Knowledge in a single field is applied．
C．The bacteria behave purposefully under guidance．
D．Cellulose sheets hardly benefit different applications．
B
(2025·海南文昌中学模拟) One person's rubbish is another person's literary treasure．In Ankara，Türkiye，a group of rubbish collectors couldn't help but notice a pattern—they kept finding books in the rubbish that they picked up around the city．Sad to see resources that could easily benefit others being thrown away，they came up with an idea．The workers created a library with the books they rescued from being sent to a landfill．
The rubbish collectors began organising the books in an underground brick factory．The place，which had long been deserted，was part of government buildings．Thanks to its aged brick front and long hallways，the space turned out to be perfect for a library．
Once they sorted the books by type，the workers visited the library before and after their shifts (换班)．Then，they began lending out books to their friends and families．As the library became more popular，the rubbish collectors finally opened things up to the public in 2017，and books began to be donated instead of being thrown out．
With a collection of over 6，000 books，the library features Turkish literature and storybooks．It also has a popular kids'section with comic books and an entire section for scientific research．It has books for people who speak another language，like English and French．Also，they added a place to relax for readers and chessboards for visitors．
The effort has reached beyond Ankara．Not only do the rubbish collectors take pride in the library—something many didn't have the chance to use when they were young—but village school teachers from all over Türkiye are asking for books from this project．
5．What did the rubbish collectors first notice about the books they found in the rubbish
A．They were rare first editions．
B．They were all damaged beyond repair．
C．They were mostly educational textbooks．
D．They could be a valuable resource for others．
6．Where was the library set up
A．In a small village．
B．In a deserted school．
C．In an underground brick factory．
D．In the rubbish collectors'homes．
7．How do the rubbish collectors feel about their library project
A．Expectant．　　　　　　 B．Proud．
C．Embarrassed． D．Worried．
8．What would be the best title for the text
A．Rubbish Collectors'Dream：A Free Library
B．From Rubbish to Treasure：A Library's Birth
C．The Power of Recycling in Ankara
D．A Unique Library in Türkiye
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2026·广东深圳模拟)Anna Sacks，known as the Trash Walker，transformed her life from working at a bank to becoming an 　1　 climate-change activist．
Years ago，Sacks 　2　 the Adamah program，a Jewish farming program focusing on sustainable living．Inspired by their minimal waste practices，she made up her mind to undertake a 　3　 to fight against consumer waste in New York．
Sacks began“trash walking”，　4　 through garbage for reusable things．Her discoveries were 　5　—designer accessories (配饰)，unopened food，and even expensive goods like necklaces．She 　6　 her finds on the Internet，drawing much attention to her eye-opening videos that 　7　 the great amount of company and consumer waste．
“One man's trash is another's treasure，and that couldn't be more 　8　 in my case，”Sacks joked．“Like an urban treasure hunter，I've found many practical 　9　 like new wool socks，holiday decorations，and fresh flowers，which I often keep or share with others．”
Sacks's 　10　 go beyond personal gain．Her actions have 　11　 companies to change their waste practices．Her video about the destruction of expensive handbags led a famous brand to 　12　 destroying in-store returns．　13　，her video of CVS's waste caused the company to reconsider its disposal (清理) policies．
Through her unique 　14　，Sacks has inspired people to rethink their consumption habits and take action against waste，which can 　15　 a more sustainable future．
1．A．influential B．efficient
C．intelligent D．awkward
2．A．founded B．joined
C．expanded D．estimated
3．A．survey B．fashion
C．mission D．study
4．A．searching B．begging
C．struggling D．paying
5．A．satisfying B．entertaining
C．frustrating D．astonishing
6．A．sold B．donated
C．transported D．documented
7．A．decreased B．exposed
C．collected D．limited
8．A．wrong B．good
C．true D．cool
9．A．tools B．series
C．clothes D．items
10．A．experiments B．comments
C．efforts D．appeals
11．A．pressured B．prevented
C．discouraged D．benefited
12．A．continue B．resist
C．consider D．quit
13．A．Naturally B．Similarly
C．Fortunately D．Originally
14．A．symbol B．technique
C．approach D．gesture
15．A．contribute to B．apply to
C．result from D．check out
Ⅲ．七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
They say once you learn to ride a bike，you'll never forget．Most of us learned to ride when we were kids，and today many still wear helmets，put our feet on the pedals，and shoot off for a ride on the streets．In recent times，cycling has seen an increase in popularity，so many people raise a question：　1　
First，let's look at the health benefits．Cycling can improve your cardiovascular (心血管的) health and burn extra body fat．Strengthening your muscles in your legs helps increase your potential torque (扭矩) and cadence (节奏)．And the benefits from cycling aren't just physical，but mental as well．　2　
Cycling can be a great way to go to work or get about town．　3　 If you drive to work，sometimes finding somewhere to park can be a nightmare，whereas finding somewhere to chain your bike up can be much simpler．Then，on the subway，there are transfers at stations and other people who go to work speaking loudly on their phones．　4　 And if you're worried about safety，there are designated cycle lanes in many major cities．In addition，Wearing high-visibility clothing is another way to improve your safety when cycling on the roads．
　5　 It can help you reduce your carbon footprints．Not giving off greenhouse gases into the atmosphere is better for the planet and your own environment．
So，whether people want to cycle for their health，their wallet，the environment，or a combination of all of them—the popularity of cycling is on the rise．
A．What makes cycling so convenient
B．But cyclists face neither of these issues．
C．Cycling is also a sustainable means of transport．
D．Riding a bicycle can definitely cure your anxiety．
E．This can save you a lot of money on fuel or public transportation．
F．What makes it so attractive for people to take their bikes once again
G．A long ride in the countryside could help you clear your mind，or de-stress．
题型组合练(十五)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是休斯敦大学机械与航空航天工程系助理教授Maksud Rahman及其研究团队开发的一种创新方法，即将细菌纤维素(一种可生物降解的材料)转化为多功能物质，以替代塑料，应对全球塑料垃圾增多带来的环境挑战。
1．D　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“As plastic waste continues to increase across the globe，creating serious environmental challenges，researchers are turning to nature for sustainable solutions．”及下文介绍处理塑料垃圾的创新方法可知，作者一开始提到“塑料垃圾”是为了提供背景资料。故选D。]
2．B　[段落大意题。根据第二段第一、二句可知，第二段主要讲的是新材料的潜在应用。故选B。]
3．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，研究小组在细菌的营养液中加入了氮化硼纳米片来改善细菌纤维素。故选C。]
4．C　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“We're essentially guiding the bacteria to behave with purpose．Rather than moving randomly，we direct their motion，so they produce cellulose in an organised way．”可知，Rahman会同意的观点是细菌在引导下有目的地活动。故选C。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了土耳其的垃圾收集者用从垃圾中抢救出来的书籍创建图书馆的故事。
5．D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“In Ankara，Türkiye，a group of rubbish collectors couldn't help but notice a pattern...Sad to see resources that could easily benefit others being thrown away，they came up with an idea．”可知，垃圾收集者注意到他们发现的这些书籍能够惠及他人，即他们认为这些书可以成为其他人的宝贵资源。故选D。]
6．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“The rubbish collectors began organising the books in an underground brick factory．”可知，图书馆建在地下砖厂内。故选C。]
7．B　[观点态度题。根据最后一段中“Not only do the rubbish collectors take pride in the library”可知，垃圾收集者们对他们的图书馆项目感到非常自豪。故选B。]
8．B　[标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“One person's rubbish is another person's literary treasure．In Ankara，Türkiye，a group of rubbish collectors couldn't help but notice a pattern...they came up with an idea．The workers created a library with the books they rescued from being sent to a landfill．”可知，文章讲述了垃圾收集者们如何将废弃的书籍变成宝贵的资源，从而创建了一个图书馆。因此，标题“从垃圾到宝藏：图书馆的诞生”最能概括文章的主题和内容。故选B。]
Ⅱ．1．A　2．B　3．C　4．A　5．D　6．D　7．B　8．C　9．D　10．C
11．A　12．D　13．B　14．C　15．A
Ⅲ．1．F　2．G　3．E　4．B　5．C
1 / 6题型组合练(十六)　必修第三册　UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：50分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2026·湖南怀化模拟)Climate change has been a long-standing issue that continuously drives scientists to find green，sustainable fuels．The universe's most abundant element，hydrogen (氢)，has drawn their attention and is now on its way to becoming the future of green fuel．
More than $150 billion worth of green hydrogen projects were announced globally in 2020．A European multinational aerospace corporation，has taken the lead in the new sustainable fuel industry．It has designed self-contained hydrogen fuel cell pods that can be attached to the underside of airplane wings，promoting the use of hydrogen fuel for long-distance flights，which aim to achieve zero emissions．
Compared to fossil fuels，hydrogen is a much more eco-friendly fuel．When hydrogen burns，the only by-product is water．However，the traditional way to get hydrogen from natural gas or coal generates considerable carbon emissions．The greenest way is to obtain hydrogen from water using electrolysis (电解) powered by renewable energy，although this process requires so much electricity that it is quite expensive．The key to making hydrogen competitive with fossil fuels is to lower the production cost to under $1.50/kg．This would require lowering around 50 percent of renewable power costs and 75 percent of electrolyzer costs，according to Australia's Renewable Energy Agency．
Also，shipping liquid hydrogen is challenging，given that it needs to be chilled to －253 ℃ to do so．According to Reuters，most of the world's big hydrogen export projects are looking to ship hydrogen in the form of liquid ammonia (氨)，which can be changed to hydrogen and needs to be chilled to only －33 ℃．
With more and more countries aiming to cut down carbon emissions to solve the issue of global warming，green hydrogen will help decarbonizing industries that can't be electrified hit the targets．
“We could use these circumstances，where loads of public money are going to be needed for the energy system，to jump forward towards a hydrogen economy，”said Diederik Samsom，who heads the European Commission's climate cabinet．
1．What is the strength of the hydrogen fuel
A．It works very efficiently．
B．It is convenient to store．
C．It is environmentally friendly．
D．It produces no by-product．
2．What is the challenge when shipping liquid hydrogen
A．The expensive cost of shipping．
B．The required temperature．
C．The construction of liquefied carriers．
D．Changing it to the form of liquid ammonia．
3．Which industries does green hydrogen benefit
A．Those powered by fossil fuels．
B．Those generating electricity．
C．Those funded by public money．
D．Those making hydrogen．
4．What is the most suitable title for the passage
A．Fueling a Green Future
B．Living a Green Life
C．Shipping Liquid Hydrogen
D．Making Hydrogen Competitive
B
(2025·广东汕头模拟)Shannon Baker，a landscape architect at Waterfront Toronto，pauses to point out a red-tailed hawk (鹰) flying over the restored Don River valley—a sight unimaginable eight years ago when this site was a deadly industrial zone．The hawk's presence symbolizes the success of Canada's most ambitious urban ecological project：transforming 300 hectares of abandoned factories and oil tanks into a lively ecosystem．
In the 1880s，the Don River was rerouted into the Keating Channel to create land for a new port．For over a century since then，it regularly flooded the surrounding areas．Engineers solved this by carving a 1.3-kilometre river bed reconnecting the waterway to Lake Ontario．The scale of effort to make the new river extension has been enormous：The construction was completed in four-plus years；roads were lifted or moved；multiple bridges were built；1.4 million cubic metres of polluted soil were treated and reused or replaced．Most remarkably，bioengineered“instant forests”were created using interlocking root systems and layered soils to create mature ecosystems．
“For me，the project is about reconnection，”says Baker．“We're reconnecting the river to the lake，and in this process，reconnecting people．”Perhaps the deepest reconnections are with local indigenous communities，who settled in the area centuries before the city's creation．Waterfront Toronto engaged the MinoKamik Collective，an elder-led native environmental consultancy，to help design the planting strategy．“We put in wetland plants to help stabilize the riverbank and draw in animals，”says Shelley Charles，leader of the native elders．“When we met on the land at the start of the project，there was nothing．It was like an artist's canvas (画布)．Now when you stand in the same place，you're able to walk along the river．It's unbelievable．”
Baker agrees and points out that people visiting the site today for the first time might not appreciate what's been done．“Because when you look at the river as well as the wetland now，it looks like it's always been there．”
5．How does the writer introduce the topic
A．By showing data．
B．By making a comparison．
C．By giving an appeal．
D．By raising an assumption．
6．What is the primary purpose of the new river extension
A．To prevent flooding．
B．To attract wildlife．
C．To create a new port．
D．To build new roads．
7．What is Charles's attitude towards the project
A．Proud．　　　　　　 B．Concerned．
C．Unbelieving． D．Indifferent．
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Waterfront：A History of Toronto
B．Keating Channel：A Nature Restoration Project
C．The River Extension：From Wasteland to Wetland
D．MinoKamik Collective：Between Indigenous Communities
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2026·安徽宿州模拟)Growing up，I spent countless hours in the woods behind my childhood home．Each tree had a story，a memory 　1　 to it．I remember the 　2　 of friends echoing (回响) in the woods as we played games of hide and seek，and that the sun shone through the leaves，casting shadows on the forest floor．
When I 　3　 home after five years in college，I was 　4　 by how much the ecosystem had changed．With climate change getting 　5　 and more buildings being built，I was 　6　 about what's happening．
The colorful memories of my childhood were 　7　．In its place lay a landscape marked by change—change that feels invasive (入侵的) and strange．Many trees were cut down，　8　 by housing developments that had no 　9　 and character．
I can't just 　10　 and do nothing．I began to educate myself about conservation efforts，driven by the changes I 　11　 in my environment．I have joined local conservation groups，participating in tree-planting initiatives to 　12　 native species and fight against plants that don't belong here．Besides，I made efforts to raise 　13　 in my community about the importance of preserving our natural spaces．
As we face the realities of a changing climate，may we find 　14　 not only in our memories but also in our collective capacity to create a good future for both people and the planet，where we live together 　15　，taking care of all the living things．
1．A．addicted B．committed
C．exposed D．attached
2．A．laughter B．songs
C．scream D．whispers
3．A．moved B．returned
C．left D．rang
4．A．amused B．attacked
C．struck D．stuck
5．A．worse B．colder
C．drier D．better
6．A．curious B．worried
C．positive D．particular
7．A．flooding in B．calming down
C．setting out D．falling away
8．A．detected B．ruined
C．replaced D．attracted
9．A．life B．color
C．emphasis D．history
10．A．think B．advertise
C．quit D．watch
11．A．caused B．brought
C．witnessed D．prevented
12．A．spread B．restore
C．buy D．water
13．A．awareness B．funds
C．pay D．standards
14．A．entertainment B．certainty
C．circumstance D．comfort
15．A．harmoniously B．competitively
C．distinctly D．apparently
Ⅲ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·安徽铜陵模拟)In recent years，urban sustainability has emerged as a crucial topic globally．Cities，1．________ are home to over half of the global population，play a vital role in addressing environmental challenges．
One key aspect is the development of green infrastructure．For example，many cities are constructing rooftop gardens．These gardens not only provide aesthetic value but also offer multiple 2．________ (function)．With a large amount of rainwater 3．________ (absorb)，the risk of urban flooding is greatly reduced．Additionally，they help to insulate (使隔热) buildings，thus 4．________ (cut) down energy consumption for heating and cooling．Rooftop gardens are also beneficial 5．________ urban biodiversity，providing habitats for various insects and birds．
Public transportation is another vital element in urban sustainability．Cities like Copenhagen and Tokyo 6．________ (admire) for their efficient and extensive public transport systems over the past few years．Copenhagen，in particular，encourages cycling as a primary mode of transportation．The city has 7．________ unique network of cycle lanes，which makes it convenient and safe for cyclists．In Tokyo，the subway system is so punctual and widely connected that it serves as the backbone of the city's mobility．
However，urban sustainability is not easy 8．________ (achieve) for many cities．The high cost of implementing green projects can be a significant barrier．Moreover，changing people's habits and attitudes towards sustainable living requires time and public 9．________ (aware)．But with collective action from governments，businesses，and individuals，cities can become more 10．________ (live) and sustainable in the future．
题型组合练(十六)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为降低碳排放，减缓全球气候变暖的趋势，广大科学家将目光聚焦在氢气这一绿色能源上，并阐述了氢气作为能源的运输条件及发展前景。
1．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，氢燃料的主要优点就在于环保。故选C。]
2．B　[细节理解题。根据第四段中“Also，shipping liquid hydrogen is challenging，given that it needs to be chilled to －253 ℃ to do so．”可知，液态氢气的运输需要先将其冷却至超低温。故选B。]
3．A　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，绿色氢可以让以化石燃料为动力的行业受益。故选A。]
4．A　[标题归纳题。根据第一段内容，再结合文章主要介绍为了降低碳排放，减缓全球气候变暖的趋势，广大科学家将目光聚焦在氢气这一绿色能源上，并阐述了氢气作为能源的运输条件及发展前景。可知，A选项“推动绿色未来”最适合作文章标题。故选A。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大Don River谷地的生态修复工程，工程师们通过扩建河道解决洪水问题，并将工业废土转化为湿地生态系统的一部分。
5．B　[推理判断题。根据第一段可知，作者通过对比过去工业区与现在生态恢复区的景象，引入话题。故选B项。]
6．A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“For over a century since then，it regularly flooded surrounding areas．Engineers solved this by carving a 1.3-kilometre river bed reconnecting the waterway to Lake Ontario．The scale of effort to make the new river extension has been enormous”可知，新河道扩建的主要目的是防止洪水。故选A项。]
7．A　[观点态度题。根据第三段中Charles所说的话可知，Charles认为这片土地发生了巨大的变化，是令人难以置信的，语气充满成就感和自豪。故选A项。]
8．C　[标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“The hawk's presence symbolizes the success of Canada's most ambitious urban ecological project: transforming 300 hectares of abandoned factories and oil tanks into a lively ecosystem．”可知，文章围绕加拿大Don River谷地的生态修复工程展开，工程师们通过扩建河道解决洪水问题，并将工业废土转化为湿地生态系统的一部分。因此，C项“河道扩建：从荒芜之地到湿地”涵盖河道工程这一核心事件与生态修复的结果，最适合作为文章标题。故选C项。]
Ⅱ．1．D　2．A　3．B　4．C　5．A　6．B　7．D　8．C　9．A　10．D　11．C　12．B　13．A　14．D　15．A
Ⅲ．1．which　2．functions　3．absorbed　4．cutting　5．to　6．have been admired　7．a　8．to achieve　9．awareness　10．livable
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