资源简介

1．threat n．威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能
①(译林版选择性必修第二册Unit 4)In addition，drones cause much trouble for airlines as some of them fly near airports，posing _ threat to planes that are taking off or landing．
②Being stuck in a big fire is ___________，and we are __________ with it．(threat)
③David threatened __________ (report) his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid．
　读后续写之环境描写
那条曾经清澈的河流如今被工厂废料污染，正受到威胁，水面上漂浮着毫无生气的鱼。
The once clear river，now polluted by factory waste，lies _____________，with fish floating on the surface lifelessly．
◎pose a threat to 对……造成威胁
◎under threat受到威胁
◎threaten v．威胁；恐吓；危及；预示凶兆
◎threaten to do sth．威胁要做某事
◎threaten sb．with用……威胁某人
◎threatening adj．威胁的；恐吓的
◎threatened adj．受到威胁的
◎I strongly advise you not to threaten your classmate with punishment，as it will only harm your relationship．
我强烈建议你不要用惩罚来威胁你的同学，因为这只会损害你们的关系。
2．switch [课本义]vi．& vt．转换，改变　[增补义]vt．交换；调换；对调 n．改变；转变；开关；闸
①(人教版选择性必修第二册Unit 1)...in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major __ aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country．
②He switched ___ the phone abruptly，his face turning pale as he realized he'd missed the most important call．
　应用文写作之通知
请在讨论开始前十分钟打开会议室的空调，以确保环境舒适。
Please _________________________________ in the meeting room ten minutes before the discussion starts to ensure a comfortable environment．
◎switch off切断(电源、气体等)
◎switch on打开(开关)；接通(电源等)
◎switch (from...) to...(从……)转变成，(从……)转换到
◎switch sth．with sb．和某人交换某物
◎The new software allows users to switch data with other devices easily．
这款新软件允许用户轻松地与其他设备交换数据。
3．urgent adj．紧急的，急迫的
①(译林版选择性必修第二册Unit 4)As we become more and more dependent on computers，some scientists are urging us _________(think) about the dangers posed by the advances in AI．
②My laptop broke down suddenly，and I ________ (urgent) need your help to fix it before the deadline for my project．
③I need not press you on the _______ (urgent) of the matter．
　读后续写之心理描写
凝视着那张旧照片，他突然有了一种强烈的欲望，想去重访那个他度过童年的小镇，泪水在他眼中涌了上来。
Staring at the old photo，he suddenly _______________________________________ where he spent his childhood，tears welling up in his eyes．
◎urge v．催促；力劝；竭力主张 n．强烈的欲望；冲动
◎have an urge to do sth．有做某事的欲望
◎urge sb．to do sth．敦促某人做某事
◎urgency n．紧迫性；紧急
◎urgently adv．紧急地；迫切地
◎(2025·浙江1月卷)If the information you're communicating isn't urgent，consider sending an email．
如果你要传达的信息并不紧急，不妨考虑发一封电子邮件。
4．decrease n．减少；减少的量vi．& vt．减少
①The local government reports that the crime rate in this area has decreased __ 15% compared with last year．
②Last year the number of independent firms decreased ____ 198 to 96．
③We have no idea when the price will decrease __ the level we can afford．
　应用文写作之动物保护
由于人类的活动，一些稀有动物的数量正在减少。
Because of human activities，the number of some rare animals _____________________．
◎a decrease in...……减少
◎decrease to...减少到……
◎decrease by...减少了……
◎decrease from...to...从……减少到……
◎on the decrease正在减少
◎on the increase正在增加
◎(2025·全国二卷)Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces．
我们的研究表明，在植物丰富的工作场所中，员工的病假天数减少了30%。
5．blame [课本义]vt．责怪，指责　[增补义]n．(坏事或错事的)责任；责备；指责
①(外研版选择性必修第一册Unit 5)The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise __________ (blame) on humans．
②It was the professor rather than his assistant that was _________ (blame) for what had happened in the lab．
③Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame __ the alarm clock．
　读后续写之情感表达
“我不怪你感到焦虑——搬到一个新城市总是充满压力的。”她的朋友一边安慰道，一边递给她一杯茶。
“____________________________________________—moving to a new city is always stressful，”her friend comforted，handing her a cup of tea．
◎blame sb．for...因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人
◎blame sth．on sb．/sth．把某事归咎于某人/某物
◎be to blame (for sth．)(为某事)承担责任；(因某事)该受责备(主动形式表被动意义)
◎put/lay the blame for sth．on...把某事推到……身上/归咎于……
◎Some experts blame the rise in food waste on the excessive packaging of products，arguing that it misleads consumers into buying more than they need．
一些专家将食物浪费的增加归咎于产品的过度包装，认为这会误导消费者购买超出自身需求的东西。
6．annoyed adj．烦恼的，生气的
①His mother was annoyed ____ him for his being so rude to their neighbors．
②She stayed awake till midnight because of her ________ (annoy) sleeping problem．
③I did get a bit _______(annoy) because we had cheese sandwiches every lunchtime．
④To our _________ (annoy)，the air conditioner broke down on the hottest night of the year!
　读后续写之情感描写
这个小女孩没被邀请参加聚会，她感到非常生气。
____________________________________________ she hadn't been invited to the party．
◎it annoys sb．that...使某人烦恼/生气的是……
◎be annoyed with sb．生某人的气
◎be annoyed at/about sth．因某事生气
◎annoying adj．使生气的；恼人的
◎annoyance n．[U]恼怒；烦恼；[C]使人烦恼的事
◎to one's annoyance使某人生气的是
◎What annoyed me most was that she should have cheated me．
让我感到最生气的是她竟然欺骗了我。
7．relate [课本义]vi．相联系，有关联　[增补义]vt．使有联系；把……联系起来；叙述；讲述
①(人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 5)Next，think about the words and phrases you would like to use．Make a list of words _______ (relate) to your theme．
②When learning English words，try to relate them __ daily life scenes，which will help you remember them more easily．
③It's unfortunate when a father and son can't relate __ each other．
　完成句子
科学家们正在研究与全球气候变化相关的海洋温度变化，旨在预测未来的天气模式。
Scientists are studying the changes in ocean temperatures ______________________
_________________，aiming to predict future weather patterns．
◎relate...to...向……讲述……；把……和……联系起来
◎relate to...和……有关联；涉及；谈到；了解
◎related adj．有联系的；相关的
◎be related to 与……有关联
◎relation n．联系；关系
◎in/with relation to关于；涉及；与……相比
◎The only stipulation is that the topic you choose must be related to your studies．
唯一的要求是你选择的题目必须和你的研究科目相关。
8．claim [课本义]vt．声称；断言；主张 n．声称；(根据权利而提出的)要求　[增补义]vt．索取；夺去(生命) n．索赔
①(人教版必修第三册Unit 3)Over 3，000 lives _____________ (claim) in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and the series of fires that occurred after it．
②You could have claimed the cost of the hotel room ____ your insurance．
③He entered the manager's office and made a claim ___ higher pay．
④The witness claims ______________ (see) the suspect leaving the scene at around 10 p．m．
　完成句子
据称，幽默不仅会影响患者的情绪，而且还能帮助他们更快地康复。
_____________________ humour not only affects patients'moods，but can actually help them recover faster．
◎claim sth．要求获得某物；认领某物
◎claim sth．from sth．从……中索要……
◎claim to do/be...声称要做/是……
◎It is claimed that...声称/据说……
◎claim to have done...声称做了……
◎make a claim for要求……；主张……
◎She wiped the sweat off her forehead，claiming to be able to finish the task within an hour，but her rapid breathing showed she was exhausted．
她擦了擦额头上的汗水，声称能在一小时内完成任务，但她急促的呼吸表明她已经筋疲力尽了。
9．die out 消失；绝迹，灭绝
①(人教版必修第三册Unit 3)Thousands of them were killed or forced into slavery．In addition，many died ____ the diseases brought by the Europeans．
②Their chatter and laughter died ____ as the group rushed out of the classroom．
③When all the guests had left，the whole house died ____．
④If the river continues to be polluted，the fish in it will die ___ one by one，breaking the local ecological balance．
　应用文写作之环境保护
最终，这些濒危的动物可能会灭绝。
As a result，_________________________________________．
◎die away (声音、光、风等)逐渐减弱，逐渐消失
◎die down (情绪、火势、喧闹声等)逐渐平息，慢慢减弱
◎die off相继死去
◎die of死于(内因)
◎die from死于(外因)
◎(2025·全国一卷改编)In my ninth-grade writing class last year，I met a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life．
去年在我九年级的写作课上，我遇到了一位现代版的朱丽叶——她因父母反对自己年少时的挚爱而心碎离世。
10．be at risk 处境危险，受到威胁
①While it's important to take _____(risk) to pursue our dreams，we should always think carefully before making decisions．
②He jumped into the river __ the risk of losing his life．
③He worked hard，for he couldn't risk ______ (lose) the good job．
　读后续写之人物描写
当他同事们的生命处于危险中时，他不顾个人安危。
He showed that he was careless of personal safety when the lives of his colleagues ______________．
◎at risk of/from...有……的危险
◎at the risk of...冒着……的风险
◎take risks/a risk冒险
◎put one's life at risk冒生命危险
◎risk doing sth．冒险做某事
◎The firefighter put his life at risk to save the little girl from the burning house，and we all felt deeply grateful for his bravery．
那位消防员冒着生命危险从着火的房子里救出了小女孩，我们都对他的勇敢深表感激。
11．set out [课本义]开始做某事，着手进行　[增补义]动身；启程
①(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 2)They set ___ at 9：00 a．m．and thought they would reach the airport an hour later．
②When the meeting was over，he set about _______ (write) a report about it immediately．
③Mary would always set ____ new ideas that occurred to her．
　词汇升级
(普通表达)Considering his health，I advise him to save an hour or two each day to work out．
(高级表达)Considering his health，I advise him to __________ an hour or two each day to work out．
◎set out to do sth．开始做某事
◎set about (doing) sth．着手(做)某事
◎set aside把……放置一旁，不理会；留出
◎set back 使推迟，耽误
◎set down写下；记下
◎set in (雨、恶劣天气等)到来
◎set off动身，出发；引发，激起；使爆炸
◎set up创立
◎We set out to determine exactly what happened that night．
我们着手查明那天晚上发生的事情。
12．[教材原句]Without forests，we would have no air to breathe，and without clean water we would be unable to survive．(without引导含蓄虚拟语气条件句)
没有森林，我们就没有空气可以呼吸；没有干净的水，我们将无法生存。
①Without providing the required personal information，you _____________________ (consider) to have given up on the test．
②Mr Brown gave me a helping hand．Otherwise，I ________________ (get) into great trouble．
③But ___ your advice，I would have no way to deal with the problem．
　完成句子
如果不是膝盖受伤，他将参加今天的篮球赛。
But for a knee injury，_______________________________________________．
◎without引导含蓄虚拟语气条件句既可表示与现在事实相反的假设(主句中用would/could/might/should do)；也可表示与过去事实相反的假设(主句中用would/could/might/should have done)。
◎有类似用法的还有：with，otherwise/or(否则)，but for(要不是)等。
◎But for the timely help from the community，many families would have suffered great losses in the flood．
如果没有社区的及时帮助，许多家庭将在洪水中遭受巨大损失。
13．[教材原句]Storms have been getting worse everywhere too，with more hurricanes hitting the US and Central America．(with的复合结构)
各地的暴风雨也愈发肆虐，越来越多的飓风袭击美国和中美洲。
①(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 3)With trees，bushes，and colourful flowers _______ (grow) along the riversides，the park shows different sides of beauty in different seasons．
②With so many famous artists ___________ (perform) that day，the exhibition will be a great feast for the eyes．
③With all the work ________ (finish)，they felt relaxed．
　完成句子
有很多工作要做，他今晚不得不熬夜。
______________________________，he has to stay up tonight．
with的复合结构，形式为“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”，这一结构在句中可作状语也可作定语。在这一结构中，作宾补的可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、过去分词、不定式等。
◎With the problem solved，the team continued to carry out the next stage of the plan．
问题解决后，团队继续执行下一阶段的计划。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．All the teachers will be ________ in the activity．Your ___________ will surely add colour to it．(involve)
2．In the past decades，as a _________ she has _________ many fine paintings．Her __________ cost her a lot．(collect)
3．Usually，it was ________ to have such rainy weather，which made people _______．However，he said he had no _________ at all．He enjoyed walking in the rain．(annoy)
4．The dinosaur was _______ before the appearance of man and if we don't take action，many species will be in danger of __________．(extinct)
5．These biased perspectives cannot __________ (blame) on one single cause．
6．(2025·全国一卷)Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth— they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas，_____ (stick) inside volcanic rocks，filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow．
7．Human activities such as deforestation and pollution have made many species __________ (endanger)，which calls for immediate action to protect biodiversity．
8．They should also prepare plenty of ________ (reuse) bags to carry their“new”clothes home．
9．All the afternoon he worked with the door ______ (lock)．
10．The _______ (urgent) of the situation requires that we should make an immediate decision．
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．jam
A．n．拥挤，堵塞　B．n．果酱　C．n．困境，窘境　D．vt．(使)卡住
(1)Strawberries are used for making pies and jam． _________
(2)(2023·全国甲卷) Here's a riddle：What do traffic jams，long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common？ _________
(3)(2025·北京卷)At first，everything went wrong—the plastic broke，the printer jammed，and the pieces didn't fit together． _________
(4)I'm in a jam—could you lend me some money till next week？ _________
2．gas
A．n．气，气体　B．vt．用毒气杀死　C．vi．闲聊
(1)Susan came round and we sat gassing for hours． _________
(2)Hundreds of thousands of soldiers were gassed in the First World War． _________
(3)(2025·全国一卷)As the world races to decarbonize everything，it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions． _________
3．switch
A．vt．(用开关打开，关闭)　B．n．开关　C．n．转换；转变
(1)He pulls out a special device，points it at the suspect，and switches it on． _________
(2)(2023·浙江1月卷)Perhaps your household won't entirely make the switch，but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire． _________
(3)He snatched up the receiver and his free hand reached for the switch on the bedside lamp． _________
4．(2023·浙江1月卷) We all know that regular exercise is important，but few of us know how to exercise properly． _________
A．adj．符合规定的；正当的
B．adj．定期的，有规律的
C．n．常客
5．(2025·浙江1月卷)“He claimed his father's watch was hidden beneath it，”he added． _________
A．vt．认领　　B．vt．索赔　　C．vt．声称
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．现在，严重的污染使许多生物的数量在减少。我们应该采取一些措施来保护我们的环境。
Nowadays，heavy pollution makes the number of many creatures _________________．We should ____________________ to protect our environment．
2．人类应该为所有的污染负责。
(1)Humans should ____________________ all the pollution．
(2)Humans should _____________________ all the pollution．
3．要是那晚没有陌生人的及时帮助，他们可能已经在森林里迷路了。(without引导含蓄虚拟语气条件句)
Without the timely help from strangers，they _____________________________ in the forest that night．
4．Because all the tasks were finished ahead of time，the team members finally got a chance to relax．
→________________________________________________，the team members finally got a chance to relax．(with复合结构)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国好友Jim正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1．活动形式；
2．活动内容。
　写作微练
①很高兴知道你们正在策划以“绿色北京”为主题的俱乐部活动，我写信给你们提供一些建议。
Glad to know that ______________________________________________________
__________________________，I'm writing to offer some suggestions．
②建议你们组织一次环城徒步旅行，探索北京的绿色地方，同时推广环保交通。(organise)
____________________________________________________________________ to explore the green places in Beijing while you are promoting eco-friendly transportation．
③着手种树，既美化城市，又净化空气。(set out)
__________________________ to not only beautify the city but also purify the air．
④没有大家的共同努力，就建不成绿色北京，所以我强调的是当地志愿者和环保组织之间的合作。
________________________________________________________________，and as a consequence，I _________________________________ between local volunteers and local environmental organisations．
⑤只要你们考虑以上建议，你们就可以成功地组织这个活动，所以不要感到有压力。
____________________________________________，and you will succeed in organising this activity，so don't _________________．
⑥我期待着与大家一起参与这次活动，共同提高环保意识。(strengthen)
I am looking forward to participating in this event and ________________________
_______________ together．
　句式升级
⑦将②改为省略句
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
⑧用why not改写③中的句子
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
　妙笔成篇
【参考范文】
Dear Jim，
Glad to know that you're planning the club activity with the theme of“Green Beijing”，I'm writing to offer some suggestions．
First of all，you are advised to organise a walking tour around the city to explore the green places in Beijing while promoting eco-friendly transportation．Additionally，why not set out to plant trees to not only beautify the city but also purify the air？Last but not least，without joint efforts，a green Beijing wouldn't be built，and as a consequence，I lay stress on the cooperation between local volunteers and local environmental organisations．
All in all，take the above suggestions into account，and you will succeed in organising this activity，so don't be stressed out．I am looking forward to participating in this event and strengthening environmental awareness together．
Yours，
Li Hua
　语料积累
教材语料 亮词 情感描写：anxious；stressed out；anger；annoyed
动作描写：destroy；recycle；do one's part；hunt；wipe out；hatch；restore；blame；set out；wrap；swallow；carve
环境描写：dirt；traffic jam；typhoon；valley；scenic；historic；plastic；packaging；shell；thunderstorm
美句 1．How often do we arrive at work or school，stressed out，tired and angry 2．Do whichever of these things that suit you．Don't just sit around and complain！
拓展 语料 语块 drop/lower/bend/bow/hang one's head 低头；put/hold/bury one's head in one's hands 双手抱头；nod/shake one's head 点/摇头；rest one's head on/against 把头靠在……上面；scratch one's head 挠头；raise one's head 抬头；throw one's head back 把头往后仰
句型 1．When he got home，he buried his head under the quilt，pretending to be asleep．(动词-ing形式短语作状语) 他回到家，把头埋在被子里，假装睡着了。 2．Her mother stopped her housework，raising her head with worry in her eyes．(动词-ing形式短语作状语) 她母亲停止了家务，抬起头，眼里流露出忧虑。 3．I rose，sat close to my mother，rested my head on her shoulder and could hardly resist weeping．(动作链描写) 我站起来，坐在母亲身边，把头靠在她的肩膀上，忍不住哭了起来。 4．I walked slowly to the bus，my head down，tears in my eyes．(独立主格结构) 我慢慢地向公共汽车走去，低着头，眼里含着泪水。
　语料运用
①我住在一个历史悠久、风景优美的小镇。然而，最近我对一些现象感到恼火，我无法控制我的愤怒。
I live in a historic and scenic town．However，I ______________________________
_________________ recently and I can't swallow my anger．
②当我慢慢地走在每一个地方时，我看到了各种各样的塑料包装、坚果壳和刻在墙上和树上的字。
When I walked slowly in each place，I saw ___________________________，shells of nuts and characters carved on walls and trees．
③我抬起头，擦了擦眼泪，眼里充满了希望。
I _______________________________________，with hope in my eyes．
④我很担心我的小镇，于是我开始和其他环保主义者一起清理垃圾。
________________________，I _____________________________________ with other environmentalists．
⑤我决定用自己的行为去影响别人，而不是把污染归咎于游客。
Instead of ___________________________________________________________，I decided to affect others with my actions．
选择性必修第一册　UNIT 3
考点归纳　精准讲练
1．①a　②threatening；threatened　③to report
完美写作
under threat
2．①to　②off
完美写作
switch on the air conditioner
3．①to think　②urgently　③urgency
完美写作
had an urge to revisit the small town
4．①by 　②from　③to
完美写作
is on the decrease
5．①is blamed　②to blame　③on
完美写作
I don't blame you for feeling anxious
6．①with　②annoying　③annoyed　④annoyance
完美写作
It annoyed the little girl a lot that
7．①related　②to　③to
完美写作
in relation to global climate change
8．①were claimed　②from　③for　④to have seen
完美写作
It is claimed that
9．①from　②away　③down　④off
完美写作
these endangered animals may die out
10．①risks　②at　③losing
完美写作
were at risk
11．①off　②writing　③down
完美写作
set aside
12．①would be considered　②would have got　③for
完美写作
he would take part in the basketball match today
13．①growing　②to perform　③finished
完美写作
With a lot of work to do
基础巩固　达标训练
Ⅰ．1．involved；involvement　2．collector；collected；collection　3．annoying；annoyed；annoyance　4．extinct；extinction　5．be blamed　6．stuck　7．endangered　8．reusable　9．locked　10．urgency
Ⅱ．1．(1)B　(2)A　(3)D　(4)C
2．(1)C　(2)B　(3)A
3．(1)A　(2)C　(3)B
4．B　5．C
Ⅲ．1．on the decrease；take some measures　2．(1)be responsible for　(2)take the blame for　3．would have lost their way　4．With all the tasks finished ahead of time
主题引领　写作提能
应用文写作
Step 1　写作微练
①you're planning the club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing”　②You are advised to organise a walking tour around the city　③Set out to plant trees　④Without joint efforts，a green Beijing wouldn't be built；lay stress on the cooperation
⑤Take the above suggestions into account；be stressed out
⑥strengthening environmental awareness
Step 2　句式升级
⑦You are advised to organise a walking tour around the city to explore the green places in Beijing while promoting eco-friendly transportation．　⑧Why not set out to plant trees to not only beautify the city but also purify the air
Step 3　妙笔成篇
Dear Jim，
Glad to know that you're planning the club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing”，I'm writing to offer some suggestions．
First of all，you are advised to organise a walking tour around the city to explore the green places in Beijing while promoting eco-friendly transportation．Additionally，why not set out to plant trees to not only beautify the city but also purify the air？Last but not least，without joint efforts，a green Beijing wouldn't be built，and as a consequence，I lay stress on the cooperation between local volunteers and local environmental organisations．
All in all，take the above suggestions into account，and you will succeed in organising this activity，so don't be stressed out．I am looking forward to participating in this event and strengthening environmental awareness together．
Yours，
Li Hua
读后续写
Step 2　语料运用
①have been annoyed at/about some phenomena　②various plastic packaging　③raised my head and wiped my tears　④Anxious about my town；set out to clean up the rubbish　⑤blaming tourists for the pollution/blaming the pollution on tourists
1 / 17(共140张PPT)
选择性必修第一册　UNIT 3　CONSERVATION
第一部分 教材知识讲练
单元主题 导图串记
考点归纳 精准讲练
1．threat n．威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能
①(译林版选择性必修第二册Unit 4)In addition，drones cause much trouble for airlines as some of them fly near airports，posing __ threat to planes that are taking off or landing．
②Being stuck in a big fire is ___________，and we are __________ with it．(threat)
③David threatened _________ (report) his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid．
a
threatening
threatened
to report
完美写作　读后续写之环境描写
那条曾经清澈的河流如今被工厂废料污染，正受到威胁，水面上漂浮着毫无生气的鱼。
The once clear river，now polluted by factory waste，lies ____________，with fish floating on the surface lifelessly．
under threat
◎pose a threat to 对……造成威胁
◎under threat受到威胁
◎threaten v．威胁；恐吓；危及；预示凶兆
◎threaten to do sth．威胁要做某事
◎threaten sb．with用……威胁某人
◎threatening adj．威胁的；恐吓的
◎threatened adj．受到威胁的
◎I strongly advise you not to threaten your classmate with punishment，as it will only harm your relationship．
我强烈建议你不要用惩罚来威胁你的同学，因为这只会损害你们的关系。
2．switch [课本义]vi．& vt．转换，改变　[增补义]vt．交换；调换；对调 n．改变；转变；开关；闸
①(人教版选择性必修第二册Unit 1)...in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major __ aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country．
②He switched ___ the phone abruptly，his face turning pale as he realized he'd missed the most important call．
to
off
完美写作　应用文写作之通知
请在讨论开始前十分钟打开会议室的空调，以确保环境舒适。
Please ___________________________ in the meeting room ten minutes before the discussion starts to ensure a comfortable environment．
switch on the air conditioner
◎switch off切断(电源、气体等)
◎switch on打开(开关)；接通(电源等)
◎switch (from...) to...(从……)转变成，(从……)转换到
◎switch sth．with sb．和某人交换某物
◎The new software allows users to switch data with other devices easily．
这款新软件允许用户轻松地与其他设备交换数据。
3．urgent adj．紧急的，急迫的
①(译林版选择性必修第二册Unit 4)As we become more and more dependent on computers，some scientists are urging us ________(think) about the dangers posed by the advances in AI．
②My laptop broke down suddenly，and I ________ (urgent) need your help to fix it before the deadline for my project．
③I need not press you on the _______ (urgent) of the matter．
to think
urgently
urgency
完美写作　读后续写之心理描写
凝视着那张旧照片，他突然有了一种强烈的欲望，想去重访那个他度过童年的小镇，泪水在他眼中涌了上来。
Staring at the old photo，he suddenly _______________________________ where he spent his childhood，tears welling up in his eyes．
had an urge to revisit the small town
◎urge v．催促；力劝；竭力主张 n．强烈的欲望；冲动
◎have an urge to do sth．有做某事的欲望
◎urge sb．to do sth．敦促某人做某事
◎urgency n．紧迫性；紧急
◎urgently adv．紧急地；迫切地
◎(2025·浙江1月卷)If the information you're communicating isn't urgent，consider sending an email．
如果你要传达的信息并不紧急，不妨考虑发一封电子邮件。
4．decrease n．减少；减少的量vi．& vt．减少
①The local government reports that the crime rate in this area has decreased __ 15% compared with last year．
②Last year the number of independent firms decreased ____ 198 to 96．
③We have no idea when the price will decrease __ the level we can afford．
by
from
to
完美写作　应用文写作之动物保护
由于人类的活动，一些稀有动物的数量正在减少。
Because of human activities，the number of some rare animals __________________．
is on the decrease
◎a decrease in...……减少
◎decrease to...减少到……
◎decrease by...减少了……
◎decrease from...to...从……减少到……
◎on the decrease正在减少
◎on the increase正在增加
◎(2025·全国二卷)Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces．
我们的研究表明，在植物丰富的工作场所中，员工的病假天数减少了30%。
5．blame [课本义]vt．责怪，指责　[增补义]n．(坏事或错事的)责任；责备；指责
①(外研版选择性必修第一册Unit 5)The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise _________ (blame) on humans．
②It was the professor rather than his assistant that was ________ (blame) for what had happened in the lab．
③Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame __ the alarm clock．
is blamed
to blame
on
完美写作　读后续写之情感表达
“我不怪你感到焦虑——搬到一个新城市总是充满压力的。”她的朋友一边安慰道，一边递给她一杯茶。
“______________________________________—moving to a new city is always stressful，”her friend comforted，handing her a cup of tea．
I don't blame you for feeling anxious
◎blame sb．for...因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人
◎blame sth．on sb．/sth．把某事归咎于某人/某物
◎be to blame (for sth．)(为某事)承担责任；(因某事)该受责备(主动形式表被动意义)
◎put/lay the blame for sth．on...把某事推到……身上/归咎于……
◎Some experts blame the rise in food waste on the excessive packaging of products，arguing that it misleads consumers into buying more than they need．
一些专家将食物浪费的增加归咎于产品的过度包装，认为这会误导消费者购买超出自身需求的东西。
6．annoyed adj．烦恼的，生气的
①His mother was annoyed ____ him for his being so rude to their neighbors．
②She stayed awake till midnight because of her ________ (annoy) sleeping problem．
③I did get a bit _______(annoy) because we had cheese sandwiches every lunchtime．
④To our _________ (annoy)，the air conditioner broke down on the hottest night of the year!
with
annoying
annoyed
annoyance
完美写作　读后续写之情感描写
这个小女孩没被邀请参加聚会，她感到非常生气。
_____________________________________ she hadn't been invited to the party．
It annoyed the little girl a lot that
◎it annoys sb．that...使某人烦恼/生气的是……
◎be annoyed with sb．生某人的气
◎be annoyed at/about sth．因某事生气
◎annoying adj．使生气的；恼人的
◎annoyance n．[U]恼怒；烦恼；[C]使人烦恼的事
◎to one's annoyance使某人生气的是
◎What annoyed me most was that she should have cheated me．
让我感到最生气的是她竟然欺骗了我。
7．relate [课本义]vi．相联系，有关联　[增补义]vt．使有联系；把……联系起来；叙述；讲述
①(人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 5)Next，think about the words and phrases you would like to use．Make a list of words _______ (relate) to your theme．
②When learning English words，try to relate them __ daily life scenes，which will help you remember them more easily．
③It's unfortunate when a father and son can't relate __ each other．
related
to
to
完美写作　完成句子
科学家们正在研究与全球气候变化相关的海洋温度变化，旨在预测未来的天气模式。
Scientists are studying the changes in ocean temperatures ____________
______________________，aiming to predict future weather patterns．
in relation
to global climate change
◎relate...to...向……讲述……；把……和……联系起来
◎relate to...和……有关联；涉及；谈到；了解
◎related adj．有联系的；相关的
◎be related to 与……有关联
◎relation n．联系；关系
◎in/with relation to关于；涉及；与……相比
◎The only stipulation is that the topic you choose must be related to your studies．
唯一的要求是你选择的题目必须和你的研究科目相关。
8．claim [课本义]vt．声称；断言；主张 n．声称；(根据权利而提出的)要求　[增补义]vt．索取；夺去(生命) n．索赔
①(人教版必修第三册Unit 3)Over 3，000 lives ____________ (claim) in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and the series of fires that occurred after it．
②You could have claimed the cost of the hotel room ____ your insurance．
③He entered the manager's office and made a claim ___ higher pay．
④The witness claims ____________ (see) the suspect leaving the scene at around 10 p．m．
were claimed
from
for
to have seen
完美写作　完成句子
据称，幽默不仅会影响患者的情绪，而且还能帮助他们更快地康复。
__________________ humour not only affects patients'moods，but can actually help them recover faster．
It is claimed that
◎claim sth．要求获得某物；认领某物
◎claim sth．from sth．从……中索要……
◎claim to do/be...声称要做/是……
◎It is claimed that...声称/据说……
◎claim to have done...声称做了……
◎make a claim for要求……；主张……
◎She wiped the sweat off her forehead，claiming to be able to finish the task within an hour，but her rapid breathing showed she was exhausted．
她擦了擦额头上的汗水，声称能在一小时内完成任务，但她急促的呼吸表明她已经筋疲力尽了。
9．die out 消失；绝迹，灭绝
①(人教版必修第三册Unit 3)Thousands of them were killed or forced into slavery．In addition，many died ____ the diseases brought by the Europeans．
②Their chatter and laughter died ____ as the group rushed out of the classroom．
③When all the guests had left，the whole house died _____．
④If the river continues to be polluted，the fish in it will die ___ one by one，breaking the local ecological balance．
from
away
down
off
完美写作　应用文写作之环境保护
最终，这些濒危的动物可能会灭绝。
As a result，____________________________________．
these endangered animals may die out
◎die away (声音、光、风等)逐渐减弱，逐渐消失
◎die down (情绪、火势、喧闹声等)逐渐平息，慢慢减弱
◎die off相继死去
◎die of死于(内因)
◎die from死于(外因)
◎(2025·全国一卷改编)In my ninth-grade writing class last year，I met a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life．
去年在我九年级的写作课上，我遇到了一位现代版的朱丽叶——她因父母反对自己年少时的挚爱而心碎离世。
10．be at risk 处境危险，受到威胁
①While it's important to take _____(risk) to pursue our dreams，we should always think carefully before making decisions．
②He jumped into the river __ the risk of losing his life．
③He worked hard，for he couldn't risk ______ (lose) the good job．
risks
at
losing
完美写作　读后续写之人物描写
当他同事们的生命处于危险中时，他不顾个人安危。
He showed that he was careless of personal safety when the lives of his colleagues ____________．
were at risk
◎at risk of/from...有……的危险
◎at the risk of...冒着……的风险
◎take risks/a risk冒险
◎put one's life at risk冒生命危险
◎risk doing sth．冒险做某事
◎The firefighter put his life at risk to save the little girl from the burning house，and we all felt deeply grateful for his bravery．
那位消防员冒着生命危险从着火的房子里救出了小女孩，我们都对他的勇敢深表感激。
11．set out [课本义]开始做某事，着手进行　[增补义]动身；启程
①(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 2)They set ___ at 9：00 a．m．and thought they would reach the airport an hour later．
②When the meeting was over，he set about _______ (write) a report about it immediately．
③Mary would always set _____ new ideas that occurred to her．
off
writing
down
完美写作　词汇升级
(普通表达)Considering his health，I advise him to save an hour or two each day to work out．
(高级表达)Considering his health，I advise him to _________ an hour or two each day to work out．
set aside
◎set out to do sth．开始做某事
◎set about (doing) sth．着手(做)某事
◎set aside把……放置一旁，不理会；留出
◎set back 使推迟，耽误
◎set down写下；记下
◎set in (雨、恶劣天气等)到来
◎set off动身，出发；引发，激起；使爆炸
◎set up创立
◎We set out to determine exactly what happened that night．
我们着手查明那天晚上发生的事情。
12．[教材原句]Without forests，we would have no air to breathe，and without clean water we would be unable to survive．(without引导含蓄虚拟语气条件句)
没有森林，我们就没有空气可以呼吸；没有干净的水，我们将无法生存。
①Without providing the required personal information，you ___________________ (consider) to have given up on the test．
would be considered
②Mr Brown gave me a helping hand．Otherwise，I ______________ (get) into great trouble．
③But ___ your advice，I would have no way to deal with the problem．
would have got
for
完美写作　完成句子
如果不是膝盖受伤，他将参加今天的篮球赛。
But for a knee injury，__________________________________________．
he would take part in the basketball match today
◎without引导含蓄虚拟语气条件句既可表示与现在事实相反的假设(主句中用would/could/might/should do)；也可表示与过去事实相反的假设(主句中用would/could/might/should have done)。
◎有类似用法的还有：with，otherwise/or(否则)，but for(要不是)等。
◎But for the timely help from the community，many families would have suffered great losses in the flood．
如果没有社区的及时帮助，许多家庭将在洪水中遭受巨大损失。
13．[教材原句]Storms have been getting worse everywhere too，with more hurricanes hitting the US and Central America．(with的复合结构)
各地的暴风雨也愈发肆虐，越来越多的飓风袭击美国和中美洲。
①(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 3)With trees，bushes，and colourful flowers _______ (grow) along the riversides，the park shows different sides of beauty in different seasons．
②With so many famous artists __________ (perform) that day，the exhibition will be a great feast for the eyes．
③With all the work ________ (finish)，they felt relaxed．
growing
to perform
finished
完美写作　完成句子
有很多工作要做，他今晚不得不熬夜。
________________________，he has to stay up tonight．
With a lot of work to do
with的复合结构，形式为“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”，这一结构在句中可作状语也可作定语。在这一结构中，作宾补的可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、过去分词、不定式等。
◎With the problem solved，the team continued to carry out the next stage of the plan．
问题解决后，团队继续执行下一阶段的计划。
基础巩固 达标训练
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．All the teachers will be ________ in the activity．Your ___________ will surely add colour to it．(involve)
2．In the past decades，as a _________ she has _________ many fine paintings．Her __________ cost her a lot．(collect)
3．Usually，it was ________ to have such rainy weather，which made people _______．However，he said he had no _________ at all．He enjoyed walking in the rain．(annoy)
involved
involvement
collector
collected
collection
annoying
annoyed
annoyance
4．The dinosaur was _______ before the appearance of man and if we don't take action，many species will be in danger of __________．
(extinct)
5．These biased perspectives cannot _________ (blame) on one single cause．
6．(2025·全国一卷)Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth— they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas，_____ (stick) inside volcanic rocks，filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow．
extinct
extinction
be blamed
stuck
7．Human activities such as deforestation and pollution have made many species __________ (endanger)，which calls for immediate action to protect biodiversity．
8．They should also prepare plenty of ________ (reuse) bags to carry their“new”clothes home．
9．All the afternoon he worked with the door ______ (lock)．
10．The _______ (urgent) of the situation requires that we should make an immediate decision．
endangered
locked
urgency
reusable
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．jam
A．n．拥挤，堵塞　B．n．果酱　C．n．困境，窘境　D．vt．(使)卡住
(1)Strawberries are used for making pies and jam． __
(2)(2023·全国甲卷) Here's a riddle：What do traffic jams，long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common？ __
(3)(2025·北京卷)At first，everything went wrong—the plastic broke，the printer jammed，and the pieces didn't fit together． __
(4)I'm in a jam—could you lend me some money till next week？ __
B
A
D
C
2．gas
A．n．气，气体　B．vt．用毒气杀死　C．vi．闲聊
(1)Susan came round and we sat gassing for hours． __
(2)Hundreds of thousands of soldiers were gassed in the First World War． __
(3)(2025·全国一卷)As the world races to decarbonize everything，it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions． __
C
B
A
(1)He pulls out a special device，points it at the suspect，and switches it on． __
(2)(2023·浙江1月卷)Perhaps your household won't entirely make the switch，but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire． __
(3)He snatched up the receiver and his free hand reached for the switch on the bedside lamp． __
A
C
B
3．switch
A．vt．(用开关打开，关闭)　B．n．开关　C．n．转换；转变
4．(2023·浙江1月卷) We all know that regular exercise is important，but few of us know how to exercise properly． __
A．adj．符合规定的；正当的
B．adj．定期的，有规律的
C．n．常客
5．(2025·浙江1月卷)“He claimed his father's watch was hidden beneath it，”he added． __
A．vt．认领　　B．vt．索赔　　C．vt．声称
B
C
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．现在，严重的污染使许多生物的数量在减少。我们应该采取一些措施来保护我们的环境。
Nowadays，heavy pollution makes the number of many creatures _______________．We should __________________ to protect our environment．
2．人类应该为所有的污染负责。
(1)Humans should __________________ all the pollution．
(2)Humans should __________________ all the pollution．
on the decrease
take some measures
be responsible for
take the blame for
3．要是那晚没有陌生人的及时帮助，他们可能已经在森林里迷路了。(without引导含蓄虚拟语气条件句)
Without the timely help from strangers，they _____________________ in the forest that night．
4．Because all the tasks were finished ahead of time，the team members finally got a chance to relax．
→________________________________________，the team members finally got a chance to relax．(with复合结构)
would have lost their way
With all the tasks finished ahead of time
主题引领 写作提能
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国好友Jim正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1．活动形式；
2．活动内容。
Step1　写作微练
①很高兴知道你们正在策划以“绿色北京”为主题的俱乐部活动，我写信给你们提供一些建议。
Glad to know that ____________________________________________
________________________，I'm writing to offer some suggestions．
②建议你们组织一次环城徒步旅行，探索北京的绿色地方，同时推广环保交通。(organise)
_________________________________________________ to explore the green places in Beijing while you are promoting eco-friendly transportation．
you're planning the club activity with the theme of
You are advised to organise a walking tour around the city
“Green Beijing”
③着手种树，既美化城市，又净化空气。(set out)
______________________ to not only beautify the city but also purify the air．
④没有大家的共同努力，就建不成绿色北京，所以我强调的是当地志愿者和环保组织之间的合作。
_________________________________________________________，and as a consequence，I _____________________________ between local volunteers and local environmental organisations．
Set out to plant trees
Without joint efforts，a green Beijing wouldn't be built
lay stress on the cooperation
⑤只要你们考虑以上建议，你们就可以成功地组织这个活动，所以不要感到有压力。
_______________________________________，and you will succeed in organising this activity，so don't _______________．
⑥我期待着与大家一起参与这次活动，共同提高环保意识。(strengthen)
I am looking forward to participating in this event and _______________
______________________ together．
Take the above suggestions into account
be stressed out
strengthening
environmental awareness
Step2　句式升级
⑦将②改为省略句
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⑧用why not改写③中的句子
______________________________________________________________________________________
You are advised to organise a walking tour around the city to explore the green places in Beijing while promoting eco-friendly transportation．
Why not set out to plant trees to not only beautify the city but also purify the air
Step3　妙笔成篇
【参考范文】
Dear Jim，
Glad to know that you're planning the club activity with the theme of“Green Beijing”，I'm writing to offer some suggestions．
First of all，you are advised to organise a walking tour around the city to explore the green places in Beijing while promoting eco-friendly transportation．Additionally，why not set out to plant trees to not only beautify the city but also purify the air？Last but not least，without joint efforts，a green Beijing wouldn't be built，and as a consequence，I lay stress on the cooperation between local volunteers and local environmental organisations．
All in all，take the above suggestions into account，and you will succeed in organising this activity，so don't be stressed out．I am looking forward to participating in this event and strengthening environmental awareness together．
Yours，
Li Hua
教材 语料 亮词 情感描写：anxious；stressed out；anger；annoyed
动作描写：destroy；recycle；do one's part；hunt；wipe out；hatch；restore；blame；set out；wrap；swallow；carve
环境描写：dirt；traffic jam；typhoon；valley；scenic；historic；plastic；packaging；shell；thunderstorm
Step1　语料积累
教材 语料 美句 1．How often do we arrive at work or school，stressed out，tired and angry
2．Do whichever of these things that suit you．Don't just sit around and complain！
拓展 语料 语块 drop/lower/bend/bow/hang one's head 低头；put/hold/bury one's head in one's hands 双手抱头；nod/shake one's head 点/摇头；rest one's head on/against 把头靠在……上面；scratch one's head 挠头；raise one's head 抬头；throw one's head back 把头往后仰
拓展 语料 句型 1．When he got home，he buried his head under the quilt，pretending to be asleep．(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
他回到家，把头埋在被子里，假装睡着了。
2．Her mother stopped her housework，raising her head with worry in her eyes．(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
她母亲停止了家务，抬起头，眼里流露出忧虑。
拓展 语料 句型 3．I rose，sat close to my mother，rested my head on her shoulder and could hardly resist weeping．(动作链描写)
我站起来，坐在母亲身边，把头靠在她的肩膀上，忍不住哭了起来。
4．I walked slowly to the bus，my head down，tears in my eyes．(独立主格结构)
我慢慢地向公共汽车走去，低着头，眼里含着泪水。
Step2　语料运用
①我住在一个历史悠久、风景优美的小镇。然而，最近我对一些现象感到恼火，我无法控制我的愤怒。
I live in a historic and scenic town．However，I ___________________
______________________ recently and I can't swallow my anger．
②当我慢慢地走在每一个地方时，我看到了各种各样的塑料包装、坚果壳和刻在墙上和树上的字。
When I walked slowly in each place，I saw _____________________，
shells of nuts and characters carved on walls and trees．
have been annoyed
various plastic packaging
at/about some phenomena
③我抬起头，擦了擦眼泪，眼里充满了希望。
I _________________________________，with hope in my eyes．
④我很担心我的小镇，于是我开始和其他环保主义者一起清理垃圾。
______________________，I _____________________________ with other environmentalists．
raised my head and wiped my tears
Anxious about my town
set out to clean up the rubbish
⑤我决定用自己的行为去影响别人，而不是把污染归咎于游客。
Instead of __________________________________________________
_____________，I decided to affect others with my actions．
blaming tourists for the pollution/blaming the pollution
on tourists
题型组合练(二十一)　选择性必修第一册　UNIT 3　CONSERVATION
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：47.5分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2026·河南安阳模拟)Butterflies are sensitive to environmental changes，meaning they are important indicators of ecosystem health，but they are in decline．New research suggests butterfly numbers can be boosted by making small changes to road verges (边缘)．
While most studies on road verges and butterflies have focused on temperate climates with natural plants in rural areas，new research from Nanyang Technological University (NTU) examined planted vegetation along major roads in big cities of Singapore．
Researchers surveyed 101 road verges，each at least 30 m long，located along major roads with speed limits between 50 km/h and 70 km/h，and planted with non-native bushes．They found verges with a mixture of different flowering plant species directly increased the total number of butterflies and butterfly species．“A greater diversity of flowering plants can offer a variety of nectar (花蜜) sources for butterflies．This can attract more species of butterflies，especially those that prefer a broad range of nectar from different flowers，”explains Associate Professor Eleanor Slade from NTU's Asian School of the Environment．
Selective thinning and less frequent cutting also benefited butterfly numbers and species diversity，with the verges seen as paths linking the insects to other green spaces．Slade says this could be because a greater variety of plant heights within road verges creates different micro-climatic conditions—variations in temperature，humidity (湿度) and light intensity that appeal to different butterflies．More uniform plant heights created by frequently cutting verge plants can reduce the population of the butterflies and species richness and offer less protection to them．
The study also showed busy roads negatively affect butterflies and butterfly species，particularly when traffic density (密度) is higher；this typically occurs when road speed limits are higher，and vehicles travel faster．Roads with more traffic also have greater vehicle pollution，which can affect both plants and butterflies．
But the researchers say the benefits of road verges could cancel out these effects if traffic speeds are proper．They found that for roads with speed limits of up to 70 km/h，the bad effects of traffic on butterflies could be reduced by increasing the variety of flowering plants on road verges and allowing them to grow to varying heights．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新加坡南洋理工大学的一项研究，该研究表明通过增加路边开花植物的多样性和调整修剪频率，可以提升城市中蝴蝶的数量和物种多样性，从而抵消交通对蝴蝶的负面影响。
√
1．What makes the study of NTU different from previous ones
A．It takes climate change into account．
B．It analyzes butterfly behavior in the forest．
C．It focuses on ecosystems along rural roadsides．
D．It investigates grown plants in the urban area．
D　[细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，NTU这项研究的不同之处在于其研究对象是城市地区主要道路旁的人工植被。故选D。]
√
2．Why is Eleanor Slade mentioned in paragraph 3
A．To explain research methods．
B．To propose strategies for improvement．
C．To back the findings of the new study．
D．To prove the city is more suitable for research．
C　[推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句可知，开花植物种类越多，越能为蝴蝶提供多种花蜜来源。这能吸引更多种类的蝴蝶，尤其是那些偏好从不同花朵中吸食花蜜的蝴蝶，可推理出引用Eleanor Slade的言论是为了解释开花植物多样性对蝴蝶的吸引力，从而支持研究发现。故选C。]
√
3．How can traffic's negative effects on butterflies be reduced
A．By frequently cutting verge plants．
B．By planting diverse flowering species．
C．By building barriers between roads and plants．
D．By permitting plants to grow to a specific height．
B　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中“They found that for roads with speed limits of up to 70 km/h，the bad effects of traffic on butterflies could be reduced by increasing the variety of flowering plants on road verges and allowing them to grow to varying heights．”可知，通过种植多样化的开花植物可以减少交通对蝴蝶的负面影响。故选B。]
4．Which is the best title for the text
A．The Secret Life of Urban Butterflies
B．The Ecological Impact of Traffic Pollution
C．Butterflies Benefit from Roadside Greenery in Cities
D．Roadside Flowers Can Improve Rural Butterfly Diversity
√
C　[标题归纳题。根据第一段、第三段最后两句以及最后一段最后一句可知，文章开头指出蝴蝶是生态系统健康的重要指标，但数量在减少；随后介绍NTU的研究发现，通过增加路边开花植物多样性和调整修剪频率，可以提升城市中蝴蝶的数量和物种多样性，并抵消交通的负面影响。因此，文章主要讲述了城市路边绿化对蝴蝶的益处。C项的表达适合用作本文标题。故选C。]
B
(2025·安徽马鞍山模拟)At the end of the last ice age，Scotland was a truly wild place，where the Highland tiger，a distinctly banded wildcat，and many other animals lived among Caledonian pine forests．But over time，humans cleared the land for wood，fuel，and agriculture．By the turn of the 20th century，only 5 per cent of Scotland's land area was covered by forest．
Now the country is experiencing a moment for rewilding—in essence，the rebuilding of ecosystems to their natural uncultivated states．No one can quite agree when the rewilding movement officially began，but one popular perspective sets it in the late 1980s．That's when environmental charity Trees for Life moved the conversation from protecting individual species and specific habitats to restoring ecological processes on a larger scale．
Today，Trees for Life is also responsible for a world first in rewilding．Beginning in spring 2023，visitors who travel to Glenmoriston，a valley in the Scottish Highlands，are able to experience the immersive Dundreggan Rewilding Centre．Located in pinewoods on Trees for Life's 10，000-acre estate，the campus has been developed to showcase the ambitious project．
This area is now home to 4，000 native plant and animal species．The hope is that visitors will be inspired to re-engage with nature in new ways．For full immersion，the rewilding centre，with exhibitions and classrooms，will house a 40-bed complex for researchers and volunteers．
In a landscape where nature-based tourism accounts for nearly 40 per cent of all visitor spend，according to government agency NatureScot，new ecotourism projects are being driven by other reintroduced species．“Visitors arrive to come to the end of the road，to connect to the environment，and to feel spiritual，”as Paul Lister，a conservationist，puts it．
For now，Scotland is not as it once was．While it's appealing to see a visit to its rewilding area as a journey back in time，it's more accurately a visit to a place with a more positive future．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了苏格兰的生态恢复行动。曾经因人类活动，苏格兰森林覆盖率大幅下降，如今该国开展生态恢复行动，重建生态系统。
√
5．What can we learn about Scotland's rewilding movement
A．It aimed to recreate the scene of the ice age．
B．It officially began in the early 20th century．
C．Trees for Life played a key role in starting it．
D．Trees for Life solely funded it in the late 1980s．
C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“No one can quite agree when the rewilding movement officially began，but one popular perspective sets it in the late 1980s．That's when environmental charity Trees for Life moved the conversation from protecting individual species and specific habitats to restoring ecological processes on a larger scale．”可知，“生命之树”组织在发起这场运动中发挥了关键作用。故选C。]
√
6．What do the underlined words“This area”in paragraph 4 refer to
A．Caledonian pine forests．
B．Dundreggan Rewilding Centre．
C．Valleys in the Scottish Highlands．
D．The headquarter of Trees for Life．
B　[代词指代题。根据第三段中“Beginning in spring 2023...the campus has been developed to showcase the ambitious project．”以及第四段中“This area is now home to 4，000 native plant and animal species．”可知，“This area”指代的是前文提到的邓德雷根生态恢复中心。故选B。]
√
7．What can visitors probably do in the rewilding centre
A．Enjoy a hunting trip．
B．Engage with exhibitions．
C．Learn about the history of Scotland．
D．Support urban development projects．
B　[细节理解题。根据第四段中“For full immersion，the rewilding centre，with exhibitions and classrooms，will house a 40-bed complex for researchers and volunteers．”可知，游客可能在生态恢复中心参与展览。故选B。]
√
8．What is the author's attitude to Scotland's rewilding projects
A．Hopeful．　　　　　 B．Objective．
C．Concerned． D．Disappointed．
A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“While it's appealing to see a visit to its rewilding area as a journey back in time，it's more accurately a visit to a place with a more positive future．”可知，作者认为生态恢复区域有着积极的未来，对苏格兰的生态恢复项目持充满希望的态度。故选A。]
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2025·河南许昌三模)Paul Rokich is my hero．When growing up in Utah (犹他州)，he witnessed how a factory's pollutants made a deserted wasteland out of what 　1　 to be a beautiful forest．
One day，looking around the smelly 　2　，and hearing others'negative comments on it，Paul finally decided to bring the 　3　 back．Thus he turned to local authorities，but was forbidden to enter the wasteland．Realizing he needed to be more 　4　 before anyone would listen to him，he furthered his study．
At college he met a professor—an expert in Utah's ecology．　5　，he told Paul his wish was beyond 　6　 and that his goal was foolish because of many practical conditions．
But his dream would not 　7　．Under the cover of 　8　，with a backpack full of seedlings (幼苗)，against the opinions of the local 　9　 he made his secret journey into the wasteland and started 　10　 week after week，year after year．　11　 winds，extreme heat，landslides，floods and fires 　12　 his work again and again．But he just kept planting．
Slowly，very slowly，things began to 　13　．Then gophers (囊地鼠) appeared．Then rabbits．Now the place is full of trees and grass，rich with animals，and Paul Rokich has received almost every 　14　 award Utah has．From his story we are convinced that the way we get something 　15　 in this world is to just keep working．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述保罗·罗基奇目睹工厂污染毁林后，不顾反对坚持在荒地植树，最终让荒地重生的故事。
1．A．happened　　　　　　 B．used
C．proved D．seemed
√
B　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文的“he witnessed how a factory's pollutants made a deserted wasteland”以及下文的“a beautiful forest”可知，此处指“曾经是”美丽的森林，used to be为固定搭配，意为“曾经是”。故选B项。]
2．A．factory B．desert
C．forest D．wasteland
√
D　[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文的“he witnessed how a factory's pollutants made a deserted wasteland out of what ________ to be a beautiful forest”可知，此处指被污染后的“荒地”。故选D项。]
3．A．birds B．flowers
C．trees D．soil
√
C　[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文的“with a backpack full of seedlings”可知，保罗背着装满幼苗的背包，由此可推断，此处指的是保罗的目标是让“树木”重返荒地。故选C项。]
4．A．knowledgeable B．popular
C．diligent D．outgoing
√
A　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文的“he furthered his study”可知，保罗选择进一步学习，所以此处指的是通过学习变得更“有知识”，以获得话语权。故选A项。]
5．A．Immediately B．Luckily
C．Unfortunately D．Consequently
√
C　[考查副词词义辨析。根据下文的“and that his goal was foolish because of many practical conditions”可知，教授认为保罗的目标是愚蠢的，由此可推断，教授的否定态度让情况变得更糟，“不幸”符合语境。故选C项。]
6．A．doubt B．hope
C．belief D．control
√
B　[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文的“and that his goal was foolish because of many practical conditions”可知，教授认为由于许多实际条件的限制，他的目标是愚蠢的，由此可推断，教授认为保罗的愿望是没有“希望”，难以实现的。故选B项。]
7．A．stay B．start
C．achieve D．die
√
D　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文的“________，he told Paul his wish was beyond ________ and that his goal was foolish because of many practical conditions．”以及but和下文的“he made his secret journey into the wasteland”可知，虽然教授否认了保罗的愿望，但是他的梦想应该是没有“破灭”，并且坚持梦想，采取了行动。故选D项。]
8．A．darkness B．coldness
C．sadness D．rudeness
√
A　[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文的“he made his secret journey into the wasteland”可知，保罗进行秘密行动，所以应在“黑暗”中行动，避免被发现。故选A项。]
9．A．colleges B．workers
C．farmers D．authorities
√
D　[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文的“Thus he turned to local authorities，but was forbidden to enter the wasteland．”可知，保罗曾经向地方当局求助但遭到了拒绝，并禁止他进入荒地，由此可知，反对他的应该是“地方当局”。故选D项。]
10．A．cutting B．planting
C．watering D．digging
√
B　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文的“with a backpack full of seedlings”可知，保罗背着装满幼苗的背包进入荒地，应该是“种植”幼苗。故选B项。]
11．A．Pleasant B．Gentle
C．Freezing D．Unchangeable
√
C　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文的“winds，extreme heat，landslides，floods and fires”可知，此处介绍了一些恶劣的天气状况，所以此处为与“酷热”并列的恶劣天气“极冷的”。故选C项。]
12．A．replaced B．destroyed
C．enriched D．advanced
√
B　[考查动词词义辨析。根据常识和上文的“winds，extreme heat，landslides，floods and fires”可知，自然灾害应该是“破坏”了种植工作，符合语境。故选B项。]
13．A．take root B．catch on
C．die down D．break out
√
A　[考查动词短语辨析。根据下文的“Then gophers appeared．Then rabbits．”以及“Now the place is full of trees and grass，rich with animals”可知，植被逐渐恢复，情况好转。故选A项。]
14．A．agricultural B．geographical
C．biological D．environmental
√
D　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据语境和上文的“One day，looking around the smelly ________，and hearing others'negative comments on it，Paul finally decided to bring the ________ back．”可知，保罗目睹了一家工厂的污染物如何将曾经美丽的森林变成荒芜的废墟，而他决定采取行动让树木重回这里，由此可知保罗的主要贡献属于“环保”领域。故选D项。]
15．A．simplified B．accomplished
C．introduced D．praised
√
B　[考查动词词义辨析。根据下文的“to just keep working”可知，不断努力是“完成”目标的方法。故选B项。]
Ⅲ．七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·河南安阳一模)You're probably familiar with the term“zero waste”．It gets mentioned frequently alongside climate change and global warming．The energy used in incinerating (焚烧) waste is quickly warming the earth．So，maybe it's time to consider it seriously．Starting your journey to a zero-waste lifestyle may be difficult．　1　．The sooner you can start making even small changes，the better．The following are tips for working your way into a zero-waste lifestyle．
☆Reduce packaging
One step you can take is to reduce the amount of packaging you're purchasing．Sure，those snack packs of chips may be great for portion control，but the same effect can be achieved by buying them in bulk (散装) and separating them into separate，reusable containers．　2　．Not only are you supporting the small businesses in your community，but you're also reducing the amount of trash you're producing．You can even bring your own bags!
☆Use reusable bags
On the topic of bags，it's time to stop using plastic grocery bags as well．In fact，since many grocery stores have started charging for bags，there's been a decrease in bags bought．Oftentimes，the money spent on those bags has been funnelled into community recycling resources．　3　，which is great news for the environment．
☆　4　.
You can buy reusable bags in a lot of shops now，and you don't even have to go for the branded ones．If you're feeling more fashion-forward，there are a lot of gorgeous grocery bags on the market．And if you're handy，you can even crochet (编织) one using the plastic bags you already have on hand．
☆Go to your local thrift store (慈善商店)
Thrift stores are also great for household items like dishes，linens，and toys for children．Instead of buying a cheap sweater from one of the many fast fashion brands out there，try checking out a local or online thrift store．　5　．
A．Stay away from single-use items
B．Avoid items with a single function
C．Plenty of high-quality clothing ends up there
D．However，every person matters in this situation
E．Some cities have even gone so far as to ban them
F．You can shop for items made from natural materials
G．Try shopping at your local food stores for your essentials
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就实现零浪费的生活方式提出了一些建议。
1．D　[根据上文“Starting your journey to a zero-waste lifestyle may be difficult．”以及下文“The sooner you can start making even small changes，the better．The following are tips for working your way into a zero-waste lifestyle．”可知，本句与上文构成转折，上文提出开始零浪费生活方式之旅可能很困难，本句说明这么做的意义，构成转折关系。故D选项“然而，在这种情况下，每个人都很重要”符合语境，故选D。]
2．G　[根据上文“One step you can take is to reduce the amount of packaging you're purchasing．Sure，those snack packs of chips may be great for portion control，but the same effect can be achieved by buying them in bulk and separating them into separate，reusable containers．”以及下文内容可知，后文提到了支持社区的小型商户，推测本句是在对购买的场所提出建议。故G选项“试着在当地的食品店购买必需品”符合语境，故选G。]
3．E　[根据上文“On the topic of bags，it's time to stop using plastic grocery bags as well．In fact，since many grocery stores have started charging for bags，there's been a decrease in bags bought．Oftentimes，the money spent on those bags has been funnelled into community recycling resources．”以及下文“which is great news for the environment”可知，本句主要说明对环境来说是好消息的内容，推测上文建议停止使用塑料袋，可知与此有关。故E选项“一些城市甚至明令禁止使用它们”符合语境，故选E。]
4．A　[根据本段内容“You can buy reusable bags in a lot of shops now，and you don't even have to go for the branded ones．If you're feeling more fashion-forward，there are a lot of gorgeous grocery bags on the market．And if you're handy，you can even crochet one using the plastic bags you already have on hand．”可知，本段建议使用可以重复利用的袋子，或者自制，这些东西具有可重复利用的性质，说明是建议远离一次性物品。故A选项“远离一次性物品”符合语境，故选A。]
5．C　[根据上文“Thrift stores are also great for household items like dishes，linens，and toys for children．Instead of buying a cheap sweater from one of the many fast fashion brands out there，try checking out a local or online thrift store．”可知，上文提到去当地或网上的慈善商店看看，本句为本段最后一句，说明这么做的原因。故C选项“很多高品质的服装最终都会出现在那里”符合语境，故选C。]
谢 谢 ！题型组合练(二十一)　选择性必修第一册　UNIT 3　CONSERVATION
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：47.5分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2026·河南安阳模拟)Butterflies are sensitive to environmental changes，meaning they are important indicators of ecosystem health，but they are in decline．New research suggests butterfly numbers can be boosted by making small changes to road verges (边缘)．
While most studies on road verges and butterflies have focused on temperate climates with natural plants in rural areas，new research from Nanyang Technological University (NTU) examined planted vegetation along major roads in big cities of Singapore．
Researchers surveyed 101 road verges，each at least 30 m long，located along major roads with speed limits between 50 km/h and 70 km/h，and planted with non-native bushes．They found verges with a mixture of different flowering plant species directly increased the total number of butterflies and butterfly species．“A greater diversity of flowering plants can offer a variety of nectar (花蜜) sources for butterflies．This can attract more species of butterflies，especially those that prefer a broad range of nectar from different flowers，”explains Associate Professor Eleanor Slade from NTU's Asian School of the Environment．
Selective thinning and less frequent cutting also benefited butterfly numbers and species diversity，with the verges seen as paths linking the insects to other green spaces．Slade says this could be because a greater variety of plant heights within road verges creates different micro-climatic conditions—variations in temperature，humidity (湿度) and light intensity that appeal to different butterflies．More uniform plant heights created by frequently cutting verge plants can reduce the population of the butterflies and species richness and offer less protection to them．
The study also showed busy roads negatively affect butterflies and butterfly species，particularly when traffic density (密度) is higher；this typically occurs when road speed limits are higher，and vehicles travel faster．Roads with more traffic also have greater vehicle pollution，which can affect both plants and butterflies．
But the researchers say the benefits of road verges could cancel out these effects if traffic speeds are proper．They found that for roads with speed limits of up to 70 km/h，the bad effects of traffic on butterflies could be reduced by increasing the variety of flowering plants on road verges and allowing them to grow to varying heights．
1．What makes the study of NTU different from previous ones
A．It takes climate change into account．
B．It analyzes butterfly behavior in the forest．
C．It focuses on ecosystems along rural roadsides．
D．It investigates grown plants in the urban area．
2．Why is Eleanor Slade mentioned in paragraph 3
A．To explain research methods．
B．To propose strategies for improvement．
C．To back the findings of the new study．
D．To prove the city is more suitable for research．
3．How can traffic's negative effects on butterflies be reduced
A．By frequently cutting verge plants．
B．By planting diverse flowering species．
C．By building barriers between roads and plants．
D．By permitting plants to grow to a specific height．
4．Which is the best title for the text
A．The Secret Life of Urban Butterflies
B．The Ecological Impact of Traffic Pollution
C．Butterflies Benefit from Roadside Greenery in Cities
D．Roadside Flowers Can Improve Rural Butterfly Diversity
B
(2025·安徽马鞍山模拟)At the end of the last ice age，Scotland was a truly wild place，where the Highland tiger，a distinctly banded wildcat，and many other animals lived among Caledonian pine forests．But over time，humans cleared the land for wood，fuel，and agriculture．By the turn of the 20th century，only 5 per cent of Scotland's land area was covered by forest．
Now the country is experiencing a moment for rewilding—in essence，the rebuilding of ecosystems to their natural uncultivated states．No one can quite agree when the rewilding movement officially began，but one popular perspective sets it in the late 1980s．That's when environmental charity Trees for Life moved the conversation from protecting individual species and specific habitats to restoring ecological processes on a larger scale．
Today，Trees for Life is also responsible for a world first in rewilding．Beginning in spring 2023，visitors who travel to Glenmoriston，a valley in the Scottish Highlands，are able to experience the immersive Dundreggan Rewilding Centre．Located in pinewoods on Trees for Life's 10，000-acre estate，the campus has been developed to showcase the ambitious project．
This area is now home to 4，000 native plant and animal species．The hope is that visitors will be inspired to re-engage with nature in new ways．For full immersion，the rewilding centre，with exhibitions and classrooms，will house a 40-bed complex for researchers and volunteers．
In a landscape where nature-based tourism accounts for nearly 40 per cent of all visitor spend，according to government agency NatureScot，new ecotourism projects are being driven by other reintroduced species．“Visitors arrive to come to the end of the road，to connect to the environment，and to feel spiritual，”as Paul Lister，a conservationist，puts it．
For now，Scotland is not as it once was．While it's appealing to see a visit to its rewilding area as a journey back in time，it's more accurately a visit to a place with a more positive future．
5．What can we learn about Scotland's rewilding movement
A．It aimed to recreate the scene of the ice age．
B．It officially began in the early 20th century．
C．Trees for Life played a key role in starting it．
D．Trees for Life solely funded it in the late 1980s．
6．What do the underlined words“This area”in paragraph 4 refer to
A．Caledonian pine forests．
B．Dundreggan Rewilding Centre．
C．Valleys in the Scottish Highlands．
D．The headquarter of Trees for Life．
7．What can visitors probably do in the rewilding centre
A．Enjoy a hunting trip．
B．Engage with exhibitions．
C．Learn about the history of Scotland．
D．Support urban development projects．
8．What is the author's attitude to Scotland's rewilding projects
A．Hopeful．　　　　　 B．Objective．
C．Concerned． D．Disappointed．
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2025·河南许昌三模)Paul Rokich is my hero．When growing up in Utah (犹他州)，he witnessed how a factory's pollutants made a deserted wasteland out of what 　1　 to be a beautiful forest．
One day，looking around the smelly 　2　，and hearing others'negative comments on it，Paul finally decided to bring the 　3　 back．Thus he turned to local authorities，but was forbidden to enter the wasteland．Realizing he needed to be more 　4　 before anyone would listen to him，he furthered his study．
At college he met a professor—an expert in Utah's ecology．　5　，he told Paul his wish was beyond 　6　 and that his goal was foolish because of many practical conditions．
But his dream would not 　7　．Under the cover of 　8　，with a backpack full of seedlings (幼苗)，against the opinions of the local 　9　 he made his secret journey into the wasteland and started 　10　 week after week，year after year．　11　 winds，extreme heat，landslides，floods and fires 　12　 his work again and again．But he just kept planting．
Slowly，very slowly，things began to 　13　．Then gophers (囊地鼠) appeared．Then rabbits．Now the place is full of trees and grass，rich with animals，and Paul Rokich has received almost every 　14　 award Utah has．From his story we are convinced that the way we get something 　15　 in this world is to just keep working．
1．A．happened　　　　　　　 B．used
C．proved D．seemed
2．A．factory B．desert
C．forest D．wasteland
3．A．birds B．flowers
C．trees D．soil
4．A．knowledgeable B．popular
C．diligent D．outgoing
5．A．Immediately B．Luckily
C．Unfortunately D．Consequently
6．A．doubt B．hope
C．belief D．control
7．A．stay B．start
C．achieve D．die
8．A．darkness B．coldness
C．sadness D．rudeness
9．A．colleges B．workers
C．farmers D．authorities
10．A．cutting B．planting
C．watering D．digging
11．A．Pleasant B．Gentle
C．Freezing D．Unchangeable
12．A．replaced B．destroyed
C．enriched D．advanced
13．A．take root B．catch on
C．die down D．break out
14．A．agricultural B．geographical
C．biological D．environmental
15．A．simplified B．accomplished
C．introduced D．praised
Ⅲ．七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·河南安阳一模)You're probably familiar with the term“zero waste”．It gets mentioned frequently alongside climate change and global warming．The energy used in incinerating (焚烧) waste is quickly warming the earth．So，maybe it's time to consider it seriously．Starting your journey to a zero-waste lifestyle may be difficult．　1　．The sooner you can start making even small changes，the better．The following are tips for working your way into a zero-waste lifestyle．
☆Reduce packaging
One step you can take is to reduce the amount of packaging you're purchasing．Sure，those snack packs of chips may be great for portion control，but the same effect can be achieved by buying them in bulk (散装) and separating them into separate，reusable containers．　2　．Not only are you supporting the small businesses in your community，but you're also reducing the amount of trash you're producing．You can even bring your own bags!
☆Use reusable bags
On the topic of bags，it's time to stop using plastic grocery bags as well．In fact，since many grocery stores have started charging for bags，there's been a decrease in bags bought．Oftentimes，the money spent on those bags has been funnelled into community recycling resources．　3　，which is great news for the environment．
☆　4　
You can buy reusable bags in a lot of shops now，and you don't even have to go for the branded ones．If you're feeling more fashion-forward，there are a lot of gorgeous grocery bags on the market．And if you're handy，you can even crochet (编织) one using the plastic bags you already have on hand．
☆Go to your local thrift store (慈善商店)
Thrift stores are also great for household items like dishes，linens，and toys for children．Instead of buying a cheap sweater from one of the many fast fashion brands out there，try checking out a local or online thrift store．　5　．
A．Stay away from single-use items
B．Avoid items with a single function
C．Plenty of high-quality clothing ends up there
D．However，every person matters in this situation
E．Some cities have even gone so far as to ban them
F．You can shop for items made from natural materials
G．Try shopping at your local food stores for your essentials
题型组合练(二十一)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新加坡南洋理工大学的一项研究，该研究表明通过增加路边开花植物的多样性和调整修剪频率，可以提升城市中蝴蝶的数量和物种多样性，从而抵消交通对蝴蝶的负面影响。
1．D　[细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，NTU这项研究的不同之处在于其研究对象是城市地区主要道路旁的人工植被。故选D。]
2．C　[推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句可知，开花植物种类越多，越能为蝴蝶提供多种花蜜来源。这能吸引更多种类的蝴蝶，尤其是那些偏好从不同花朵中吸食花蜜的蝴蝶，可推理出引用Eleanor Slade的言论是为了解释开花植物多样性对蝴蝶的吸引力，从而支持研究发现。故选C。]
3．B　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中“They found that for roads with speed limits of up to 70 km/h，the bad effects of traffic on butterflies could be reduced by increasing the variety of flowering plants on road verges and allowing them to grow to varying heights．”可知，通过种植多样化的开花植物可以减少交通对蝴蝶的负面影响。故选B。]
4．C　[标题归纳题。根据第一段、第三段最后两句以及最后一段最后一句可知，文章开头指出蝴蝶是生态系统健康的重要指标，但数量在减少；随后介绍NTU的研究发现，通过增加路边开花植物多样性和调整修剪频率，可以提升城市中蝴蝶的数量和物种多样性，并抵消交通的负面影响。因此，文章主要讲述了城市路边绿化对蝴蝶的益处。C项的表达适合用作本文标题。故选C。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了苏格兰的生态恢复行动。曾经因人类活动，苏格兰森林覆盖率大幅下降，如今该国开展生态恢复行动，重建生态系统。
5．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“No one can quite agree when the rewilding movement officially began，but one popular perspective sets it in the late 1980s．That's when environmental charity Trees for Life moved the conversation from protecting individual species and specific habitats to restoring ecological processes on a larger scale．” 可知，“生命之树” 组织在发起这场运动中发挥了关键作用。故选C。]
6．B　[代词指代题。根据第三段中“Beginning in spring 2023...the campus has been developed to showcase the ambitious project．” 以及第四段中“This area is now home to 4，000 native plant and animal species．” 可知，“This area” 指代的是前文提到的邓德雷根生态恢复中心。故选B。]
7．B　[细节理解题。根据第四段中“For full immersion，the rewilding centre，with exhibitions and classrooms，will house a 40-bed complex for researchers and volunteers．” 可知，游客可能在生态恢复中心参与展览。故选B。]
8．A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“While it's appealing to see a visit to its rewilding area as a journey back in time，it's more accurately a visit to a place with a more positive future．” 可知，作者认为生态恢复区域有着积极的未来，对苏格兰的生态恢复项目持充满希望的态度。故选A。]
Ⅱ．1．B　2．D　3．C　4．A　5．C　6．B　7．D　8．A　9．D　10．B
11．C　12．B　13．A　14．D　15．B
Ⅲ．1．D　2．G　3．E　4．A　5．C
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