资源简介

1．consistent adj．一贯的，一致的
①(人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 5)Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists __ 17 syllables．
②Moreover，the results of experiment consist ____ that of theoretic analysis．
③She's not very __________ (consist) in the way she treats her children．
④Success consists __ the ability to continue efforts through failures．
　应用文写作之建议信
如果你想让别人相信你，你应该言行一致。
If you want others to believe in you，__________________________________________________________________________．
◎be consistent with...与……一致
◎be consistent in...在……方面一致
◎consist v．由……组成(或构成)；在于
◎consist of由……组成(没有被动语态和进行时态，相当于be made up of/be composed of)
◎consist in在于……；存在于……
◎consist with与……一致
◎(2025·浙江1月卷)While trying to learn more about these birds，I find that there have not been any consistent studies or monitoring of them．
在努力更多地了解这些鸟类时，我发现目前还没有对它们进行过任何系统性的研究或监测。
2．insist vi．坚称；坚持主张
①Although Tom insisted that he ___________ (hand) in his homework yesterday，Mr Wang still insisted he ______________ (do) it again．
②(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 1)Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on _______ (test) the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe．
　应用文写作之观点表达
大多数当地人坚持认为这座老建筑不应该被拆除，因为它有悠久的历史。
Most of the local people insist that ________________________________________
_____________ as it has a long history．
◎insist on sth．坚决要求……
◎insist on doing sth．执意做某事
◎insist that sb．(should) do sth．坚持要求某人做某事(虚拟语气)
◎insist that...坚持说，坚持认为(陈述语气)
◎No matter how difficult learning may be，we should insist on pursuing our dreams．
无论学习有多艰难，我们都要坚持追求自己的梦想。
3．restriction n．限制，规定，约束
①We restrict the number of students per class __ 40．
②The government has agreed to lift ____________ (restrict) on press freedom．
③As a youngster，she might have found it too ___________ (restrict)，not creative enough．
　应用文写作之活动介绍
这个游泳俱乐部对附近的家庭开放，没有任何限制。
The swimming club is open to families in the neighborhood ____________________．
◎without restriction毫无限制
◎restrict vt．限制；限定；束缚
◎restrict...to...把……限制在……
◎restrict sb．to (doing) sth．约束某人(做)某事
◎restrictive adj．限制性的，约束的
◎I restrict myself to one cup of coffee a day．
我控制自己一天只喝一杯咖啡。
4．expose vt．使接触；使体验；使暴露；揭露
①As a nurse in the war she ____________ (expose) to many dangers．
②(译林版选择性必修第三册Unit 2)First，we put on our spacesuits，which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from ________ (expose) to the cold and radiation．
　应用文写作之倡议书
我们应该让青少年接触更多经典文学，因为这能帮助他们深刻理解人性。
We should ________________________________________________，as it can help them develop a profound understanding of human nature．
◎expose...to...使……面临/暴露于……
◎be exposed to接触到……；暴露于……
◎exposure n．面临，遭受，揭露
◎(2025·北京卷)Although my daughter didn't win，she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given．
虽然我女儿没有赢，但她确实帮助揭露了我曾给出的最糟糕的建议之一。
5．urge [课本义]vt．强烈要求；敦促　[增补义]n．强烈的欲望；冲动
①These challenges are real，and society ________ (urgent) needs to address them．
②The _______ (urgent) of the problem has been highlighted recently by politicians．
　应用文写作之建议信
父母应该积极地督促孩子们利用这个机会加入体育队。
①Parents should actively ______________________________________________ the opportunity to join sports teams．(简单句)
②Parents should actively ________________________________________________ the opportunity to join sports teams．(宾语从句)
◎urge sb．to do sth．敦促某人做某事
◎urge that...(should) do sth．极力主张/强烈要求……做某事
◎have an urge to do sth．有强烈的欲望做某事
◎urgent adj．紧急的；迫切的
◎urgently adv．迫切地；紧急地
◎urgency n．紧迫；急迫
◎(2025年1月·八省高考适应性考试)I love animals，and I felt an urge to go to this fundraising event．
我喜欢动物，很想去参加这次筹款活动。
6．judg(e)ment n．判断力；意见，评价；判决
①_______ (judge) from what he said，he was very disappointed．
②It was，in her _________ (judge)，the wrong thing to do．
③He was one of the ______ (judge) at the horse race．
　应用文写作之谚语
俗话说：“不要以貌取人。”
(译林版必修第一册Unit 4)“______________________________________，”the old saying goes．
◎in one's judgement依某人看来
◎judge sb．/sth．from/by从……来评价某人/物
◎judging by/from根据……来判断
◎judge n．裁判员；评判员；法官
◎Our culture originates from respect and trust，so we can share our thoughts without fear of judgement．
我们的文化源于尊重和信任，所以我们可以分享我们的想法而不用害怕被评判。
7．conclusion n．[课本义]结论　[增补义]结束；结尾；结局
①He concluded ____ their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan．
②Let me conclude my speech ____ a saying，“Where there is a will，there is a way．”
③There is no __________ (conclude) proof that creatures from outer space do exist．
　读后续写之主旨升华
我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。
①I _________________________________________________________________ that a friend in need is a friend indeed．(conclusion)
②I _____________________________________ that a friend in need is a friend indeed．(conclude)
◎in conclusion总而言之；最后
◎draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion得出一个结论
◎conclude v．(使)结束；得出结论；断定
◎conclude...from...从……中推断出……
◎conclude...with...以……结束……
◎conclusive adj．确凿的；不容置疑的
◎(2024·全国甲卷)In conclusion，the development of transport in China is astonishing．
总之，中国交通的发展是惊人的。
8．worthy adj．[课本义]有价值的；值得尊敬的　[增补义]值得(或应得)……的
①This documentary about environmental protection is well worth ________(watch)，as it vividly shows the urgency of saving our planet．
②__ is worthwhile to spend some time preparing for the speech，as careful preparation can greatly improve your confidence on stage．
　应用文写作之新闻报道
这个旨在改善农村教育条件的项目值得去做，因为它已经帮助数百名儿童获得了更好的学习资源。
The project aimed at improving rural education conditions ___________________________，as it has already helped hundreds of children gain access to better learning resources．
◎be worthy of值得……
◎be worthy to be done＝be worthy of being done ……值得做
◎be well worth doing非常值得做……
◎It is worthwhile doing/to do...做……是值得的
◎(2025年1月·八省高考适应性考试)Every language is worthy of respect and should be treated equally．
每一种语言都值得尊重，都应被平等对待。
9．owe vt．[课本义]有……是由于；把……归功于　[增补义]欠(账/债/情)
①I owe an apology __ you for being unable to travel with you．
②I owed __ to the doctors that I survived such a severe accident．
③_____ (owe) to bad weather，the flight was delayed for a couple of hours．
　应用文写作之倡议书
我认为我们应该为了我们的后代保护环境。
I think we _________________________________________________________．
◎owe sb．sth．＝owe sth．to sb．欠某人某物
◎owe success/one's life to...把成功归功于……/因……才保住性命
◎owe it to sb．to do sth．(为了某人)应该做……，有义务做……
◎owe it to sb．that...……归因于/归功于某人
◎owing to由于；因为
◎I owe my success in the competition to your patient guidance，without which I couldn't have overcome so many difficulties．
我能在比赛中取得成功，要归功于你耐心的指导，没有你的指导，我不可能克服这么多困难。
10．arrange vt．[课本义]排列，布置　[增补义]筹备；安排；整理
①He arranged for a car ________ (pick) up his wife．
②She's arranged ___ her son to take swimming lessons next month．
③(译林版必修第三册Unit 3)When you wish to go on holiday，you can make all your travel ____________ (arrangement) just in front of the computer．
　应用文写作之活动介绍
大多数博物馆也欢迎学校团体，并为孩子们安排特别活动。
Most museums also welcome school groups and ___________________________________________．
◎arrange sth．for sb．为某人安排某事
◎arrange for...to do...安排……做……
◎arrange (for sb．) to do sth．安排(某人)做某事(不能用arrange sb．to do sth．)
◎arrangement n．筹划；布置；整理
◎make arrangements for为……做安排
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance．
五人或以上的团体需要特别安排，并且必须提前确认。
11．regardless of 不管；不顾
①She is widely regarded __ the current leader's natural successor．
②Give your brother my _______ (regard) when you see him．
③(人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 3)The local government set up strict regulations _________ (regard) further industrial development．
　读后续写之人物描写
尽管困难重重，他从未放弃过自己的梦想。
He never gave up his dream __________________________________________________________．
◎regardless of the fact that...不顾……的事实
◎in spite of＝despite尽管(后常接名词，不接从句)
◎regard vt．把……视为；以……看待 n．注意；尊重；[pl．]致意，问候
◎be regarded as被看作……
◎regarding prep．关于；至于
◎They continued to work regardless of the fact that it was raining．
尽管天在下雨，他们还是继续工作。
12．hold up 举起；阻碍；延迟；支撑得住
①The next time you want to do something nice for someone，don't hold ____ and do it right away．
②(外研版选择性必修第三册Unit 3) On windy days，we had to hold ____ the paper on the desk，which would otherwise be blown away．
③I'd thought I could hold ___ till my dentist come back from holiday，but the pain was really unbearable．
　应用文写作之道歉信
很抱歉通知你，这些书的配送会因大雨而耽搁，预计周五能到。
I'm sorry to inform you that the delivery of the books __________________ by the heavy rain，and they are expected to arrive by Friday．
◎hold down压(制)住；限制(尤指噪声)；保住(工作)
◎hold on坚持住；(电话用语)别挂断
◎hold back隐瞒；拦阻；抑制(感情等)
◎hold out伸出手；坚持；抵抗
◎hold on to 保住(优势)；抓紧，不放开
◎No matter what happens tomorrow，hold on to today and you won't regret．
不管明天发生什么，抓住今天，你就不会后悔。
13．[教材原句]This was because she couldn't see or hear．(This is because...)
这是因为她看不见也听不见。
①He hurt his leg．That's _______ he fell from a tall tree．
②The reason why he came late was ____ he missed the bus．
③He and I have worked together for a couple of years．That's ___ I know him pretty well．
　完成句子
我知道那是因为我在课后没有花大量时间记忆它们。
I know _________________ I didn't spend much time (in) memorizing them after class．
◎that/this is because...那/这是因为……
◎that/this is why...那/这就是为什么……
◎the reason why...is that...……的原因是……
◎When I grew up，I realized that was why my father could get along well with all the people around him．
我长大了才明白那就是为什么父亲能和他周围的所有人和睦相处。
14．[教材原句]It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn't touch．(It is/was the first time...)
那是海伦第一次明白一个她触摸不到的复杂单词的意思。
①This is the first time that he ____________ (visit) the royal palace．
②That was the first time that Bernard ___________ (earn) money through his own efforts．
　完成句子
我第一次参加科学竞赛时紧张极了。但正是那次经历让我意识到自己在科学领域的潜力。
_____________________________________ a science competition，I was extremely nervous．But it was also that experience that made me realize my potential in the field of science．
◎This/That/It is the first/second/...time that＋现在完成时　这/那是某人第一/二/……次做某事
◎This/That/It was the first/second/...time that＋过去完成时　这/那是某人第一/二/……次做某事
◎That was the first time I had been to the countryside with my mother，where I was deeply impressed．
那是我第一次和妈妈一起去乡下，那里给我留下了深刻的印象。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．She is determined to live a fulfilling life regardless __ what the future holds．
2．The new creation of the comedian is really worthy of ______________ (watch)．
3．They can enter the park without ___________ (restrict) during the opening hours．
4．The genius owed his success __ his diligence rather than his intelligence．
5．(2025·浙江1月卷)“People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways，”says Ashley Martin，a Stanford associate professor of organizational _____________ (behave)．
6．He made a very positive ____________ (contribute) to the overall success of the project．
7．The novel ________ of 120 chapters but the language style of the second half is not __________ with the first half．(consist)
8．Susan had very ______ left the party before all the trouble started．It was ____ of her to make good predictions and she was really a woman of great ______．(wise)
9．Your _____________ is right．_______ from his look，he must be angry with us．But we can't _____ a person only by his appearance．(judge)
10．My parents thoroughly _______ of what I'm doing and their ________ boosts my confidence．(approve)
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．gain
A．vt．获得，赢得　B．n．增加　C．v．(钟表)走得快　D．n．好处，利益
(1)Oh，my watch gains 20 minutes every 24 hours． _________
(2)These policies have resulted in great gains in public health． _________
(3)(2025·北京卷)“People could talk about gaining knowledge or personal growth，”says Johnson． _________
(4)In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries，the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier and that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas． _________
2．rank
A．n．地位，级别　B．n．排，列　C．v．使排成行　D．v．把……分等级
(1)She ranked the bottles in order of size along the shelf． _________
(2)She was not used to mixing with people of high social rank． _________
(3)It is not advisable for teachers to rank students according to their grades． _________
(4)(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The moment I got off the plane，I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought． _________
3．(2025·全国二卷)They surrounded me，their questions pouring out like a stream．
_________
A．小河，溪　　　B．水流 　　　C．(人)流
4．Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities，but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence． _________
A．奉献，捐献
B．是……的原因之一
C．增加
5．(2024·全国甲卷)They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the completion of their journey． _________
A．推销　　B．促进，推动　　C．提升
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．我第一次爬山的时候，一路上令人惊叹的景色让我大为震撼。
_______________________________________________，I was amazed by the breathtaking views along the way．
2．He was holding the keys in his hand；he still looked for them everywhere．
→__________________________________，he still looked for them everywhere．
(with复合结构)
3．汤姆病了，那就是他开会迟到的原因。
(1)Tom was ill．______________ he came late for the meeting．
(2)Tom came late for the meeting．__________________ he was ill．
(3)________________ Tom came late for the meeting _________ he was ill．
假定你是李华，为强化教育育人，你校正在开展习惯养成教育活动，请你为学校英语报写一篇题为“Good Habits Shape a New Life”的演讲稿，内容如下：
1．列举不良习惯及危害；
2．指明习惯养成的重要性；
3．呼吁大家行动起来。
注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　写作微练
①为了帮助学生健康成长，我校正在开展“养成好习惯”的教育活动。(cultivate，education)
In order to help students grow up healthily，our school is conducting“__________________________________________________．
②我们组织小组讨论找出并分析我们自己的坏习惯。(analyse)
We organised group discussions to find out and _________________________．
③我们每个人都有很多我们没有注意到的坏习惯，比如到处扔垃圾、不吃早餐、吃太多垃圾食品等等。(定语从句)
Every one of us had so many bad habits _________________________，such as throwing away rubbish here and there，skipping breakfast，eating too much junk food and so on．
④既然这些坏习惯阻碍了我们前进的道路，那么我们立即改掉它们并培养好习惯就是一个明智的决定。(now that引导原因状语从句)
___________________________________________________________，it is a wise decision that we get rid of them immediately and develop good habits．
⑤好的习惯可以使我们更有生产力和效率，帮助我们获得身心健康，提高我们的整体生活质量。(efficient，gain，overall)
Good habits can _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________．
⑥让我们养成好习惯，塑造新生活。(shape)
Let's form good habits _______________________．
　句式升级
⑦用what引导的主语从句升级句③
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
　妙笔成篇
【参考范文】
Good Habits Shape a New Life
In order to help students grow up healthily，our school is conducting“cultivating good habits”education activities．
We organised group discussions to find out and analyse our own bad habits．What shocked us was that every one of us had so many bad habits that we didn't notice，such as throwing away rubbish here and there，skipping breakfast，eating too much junk food and so on．
Now that these bad habits stand in our way forward，it is a wise decision that we get rid of them immediately and develop good habits．Good habits can make us more productive and efficient，help us gain physical and mental health，and increase our overall quality of life．Let's form good habits to shape a new life．
　语料积累
教材语料 亮词 情感描写：sympathy；unbearable；troublesome；superb；straightforward；excitement；painful；enthusiastic；complex；gently；disappointed；puzzle；critical；integrity；conventional；preoccupied
人物描写：promote；facilitate；insist；evaluate；stubborn；enlighten；grasp；expand；gain；pursue；educate；contribute；expose；stimulate；assess；approve；urge；abandon；owe；restrict
美句 1．She was sometimes troublesome，stubborn and angry，and had a tendency to break things when no one understood her． 2．However，because Helen was so enthusiastic about learning，the results were amazing． 3．When her teacher said that it wasn't，she was confused and disappointed． 4．He is now known as the father of astronomy... 5．In the picture，a man is wearing a hat and an apron，and is carrying an umbrella because it is raining heavily． 6．It is important not to become too preoccupied with routines and schedules，because they can make us blind to what is in front of us．
拓展 语料 单词 open-mouthed adj．目瞪口呆的；whisper v．耳语，低语；yawn v．打哈欠；tight-lipped adj．守口如瓶的；缄口不语的
语块 one's mouth drops/hangs open 张大嘴巴；widen one's mouth 咧开嘴；cup/cover one's mouth 捂住某人的嘴；down in the mouth闷闷不乐，沮丧；one's heart in one's mouth 提心吊胆；lick one's lips 舔嘴唇；purse one's lips噘嘴；bite one's lip忍住话，抑制情感流露
句型 1．She froze，her mouth hanging open．(独立主格结构) 她呆住了，张着嘴。 2．Her mouth grew stiff with pain and distress． 疼痛和悲伤让她嘴巴发僵。 3．He straightened up and looked at me，open-mouthed/his mouth dropping open in surprise．(分词短语作状语) 他直起身，目瞪口呆地看着我。 4．With a smile playing around his mouth，he recalled the happy past days．(with复合结构) 他回忆起过去的快乐时光，嘴角挂着微笑。 5．A gentle smile danced around the corners of her mouth，making us feel at ease/putting us at ease． 她的嘴角露出一抹温柔的笑意，使我们放松下来。 6．My mouth started watering when I smelled the food． 闻到食物的香味，我的嘴开始流口水了。 7．She bit her lower lip to keep it from trembling as tears ran/streamed/rolled down her cheeks． 她咬着下唇不让它颤抖，泪水顺着她的脸颊流下来。
　语料运用
①当我第一次作为大学讲师演讲时，我感到非常痛苦和焦虑，喉咙发紧，嘴发干。(the first time 引导时间状语从句；独立主格结构)
__________________________________________ as a university lecturer，I felt extremely painful and anxious，______________________________________．
②然后，我赶紧清了清嗓子，舔了舔嘴唇，希望观众席上的观众没有注意到我的不安。(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
Then，I quickly cleared my throat and licked my lips，_________________________________________________________________________________．
③有些学生直起身，目瞪口呆地看着我，这又一次让我差点放弃了。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
Some students straightened up and looked at me open-mouthed/their mouth dropping open in surprise，________________________________________．
④我对自己很失望，努力做了几次深呼吸，回忆一些快乐的场景，让自己平静下来。(形容词短语作状语)
__________________________，I managed to take a few deep breaths and calm down by recalling some happy scenes．
⑤最终，我的嘴角露出一抹微弱的笑意，我可以控制我的情绪和我的第一节课了。
______________________________________________________________________________ and I could take control of my emotions as well as my first class．
选择性必修第二册　UNIT 5
考点归纳　精准讲练
1．①of　②with　③consistent　④in
完美写作
your conduct should consist with/be consistent with what you say
2．①had handed；(should) do　②testing
完美写作
the old building (should) not be pulled down
3．①to　②restrictions　③restrictive
完美写作
without restriction
4．①was exposed　②exposure
完美写作
expose teenagers to more classic literature
5．①urgently　②urgency
完美写作
①urge their children to take advantage of　②urge that their children (should) take advantage of
6．①Judging　②judgement　③judges
完美写作
Don't judge a book by its cover
7．①from　②with　③conclusive
完美写作
①drew/came to/arrived at/reached a conclusion from my own experiences　②concluded from my own experiences
8．①watching　②It
完美写作
is worthy of being done
9．①to　②it　③Owing
完美写作
owe it to our future generations to protect the environment
10．①to pick　②for　③arrangements
完美写作
arrange special activities for children
11．①as　②regards　③regarding
完美写作
regardless of/in spite of/despite many difficulties
12．①back　②down　③out
完美写作
will be held up
13．①because　②that　③why
完美写作
that is because
14．①has visited　②had earned
完美写作
The first time I participated in
基础巩固　达标训练
Ⅰ．1．of　2．being watched　3．restriction　4．to　5．behavio(u)r　6．contribution　7．consists；consistent　8．wisely；wise；wisdom　9．judg(e)ment；Judging；judge　10．approve；approval
Ⅱ．1．(1)C　(2)D　(3)A　(4)B
2．(1)C　(2)A　(3)D　(4)B
3．B　4．B　5．A
Ⅲ．1．The first time that I climbed a mountain　2．With the keys held in his hand　3．(1)That was why　(2)That was because　(3)The reason why；was that
主题引领　写作提能
应用文写作
Step 1　写作微练
①“cultivating good habits” education activities　②analyse our own bad habits　③that we didn't notice　④Now that these bad habits stand in our way forward　⑤make us more productive and efficient，help us gain physical and mental health，and increase our overall quality of life　⑥to shape a new life
Step 2　句式升级
⑦What shocked us was that every one of us had so many bad habits that we didn't notice，such as throwing away rubbish here and there，skipping breakfast，eating too much junk food and so on．
Step 3　妙笔成篇
Good Habits Shape a New Life
In order to help students grow up healthily，our school is conducting “cultivating good habits” education activities．
We organised group discussions to find out and analyse our own bad habits．What shocked us was that every one of us had so many bad habits that we didn't notice，such as throwing away rubbish here and there，skipping breakfast，eating too much junk food and so on．
Now that these bad habits stand in our way forward，it is a wise decision that we get rid of them immediately and develop good habits．Good habits can make us more productive and efficient，help us gain physical and mental health，and increase our overall quality of life．Let's form good habits to shape a new life．
读后续写
Step 2　语料运用
①The first time I delivered a lecture；my throat tight and my mouth dry　②hoping the audience in the audience hall wouldn't notice my uneasiness　③which again made me almost give up　④Disappointed with myself　⑤Finally，a weak smile began to dance around the corners of my mouth
1 / 17(共147张PPT)
选择性必修第二册　UNIT 5　EDUCATION
第一部分 教材知识讲练
单元主题 导图串记
考点归纳 精准讲练
1．consistent adj．一贯的，一致的
①(人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 5)Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists __ 17 syllables．
②Moreover，the results of experiment consist ____ that of theoretic analysis．
③She's not very __________ (consist) in the way she treats her children．
④Success consists __ the ability to continue efforts through failures．
of
with
consistent
in
完美写作　应用文写作之建议信
如果你想让别人相信你，你应该言行一致。
If you want others to believe in you，____________________________
___________________________________．
your conduct should consist
with/be consistent with what you say
◎be consistent with...与……一致
◎be consistent in...在……方面一致
◎consist v．由……组成(或构成)；在于
◎consist of由……组成(没有被动语态和进行时态，相当于be made up of/be composed of)
◎consist in在于……；存在于……
◎consist with与……一致
◎(2025·浙江1月卷)While trying to learn more about these birds，I find that there have not been any consistent studies or monitoring of them．
在努力更多地了解这些鸟类时，我发现目前还没有对它们进行过任何系统性的研究或监测。
2．insist vi．坚称；坚持主张
①Although Tom insisted that he __________ (hand) in his homework yesterday，Mr Wang still insisted he _____________ (do) it again．
②(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 1)Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on _______ (test) the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe．
had handed
(should) do
testing
完美写作　应用文写作之观点表达
大多数当地人坚持认为这座老建筑不应该被拆除，因为它有悠久的历史。
Most of the local people insist that ______________________________
________________ as it has a long history．
the old building (should) not
be pulled down
◎insist on sth．坚决要求……
◎insist on doing sth．执意做某事
◎insist that sb．(should) do sth．坚持要求某人做某事(虚拟语气)
◎insist that...坚持说，坚持认为(陈述语气)
◎No matter how difficult learning may be，we should insist on pursuing our dreams．
无论学习有多艰难，我们都要坚持追求自己的梦想。
3．restriction n．限制，规定，约束
①We restrict the number of students per class __ 40．
②The government has agreed to lift ____________ (restrict) on press freedom．
③As a youngster，she might have found it too ___________ (restrict)，not creative enough．
to
restrictions
restrictive
完美写作　应用文写作之活动介绍
这个游泳俱乐部对附近的家庭开放，没有任何限制。
The swimming club is open to families in the neighborhood ___________________．
without restriction
◎without restriction毫无限制
◎restrict vt．限制；限定；束缚
◎restrict...to...把……限制在……
◎restrict sb．to (doing) sth．约束某人(做)某事
◎restrictive adj．限制性的，约束的
◎I restrict myself to one cup of coffee a day．
我控制自己一天只喝一杯咖啡。
4．expose vt．使接触；使体验；使暴露；揭露
①As a nurse in the war she ___________ (expose) to many dangers．
②(译林版选择性必修第三册Unit 2)First，we put on our spacesuits，which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from ________ (expose) to the cold and radiation．
was exposed
exposure
完美写作　应用文写作之倡议书
我们应该让青少年接触更多经典文学，因为这能帮助他们深刻理解人性。
We should _____________________________________，as it can help them develop a profound understanding of human nature．
expose teenagers to more classic literature
◎expose...to...使……面临/暴露于……
◎be exposed to接触到……；暴露于……
◎exposure n．面临，遭受，揭露
◎(2025·北京卷)Although my daughter didn't win，she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given．
虽然我女儿没有赢，但她确实帮助揭露了我曾给出的最糟糕的建议之一。
5．urge [课本义]vt．强烈要求；敦促　[增补义]n．强烈的欲望；冲动
①These challenges are real，and society ________ (urgent) needs to address them．
②The _______ (urgent) of the problem has been highlighted recently by politicians．
urgently
urgency
完美写作　应用文写作之建议信
父母应该积极地督促孩子们利用这个机会加入体育队。
①Parents should actively ______________________________________
the opportunity to join sports teams．(简单句)
②Parents should actively ______________________________________
______________ the opportunity to join sports teams．(宾语从句)
urge their children to take advantage of
urge that their children (should) take
advantage of
◎urge sb．to do sth．敦促某人做某事
◎urge that...(should) do sth．极力主张/强烈要求……做某事
◎have an urge to do sth．有强烈的欲望做某事
◎urgent adj．紧急的；迫切的
◎urgently adv．迫切地；紧急地
◎urgency n．紧迫；急迫
◎(2025年1月·八省高考适应性考试)I love animals，and I felt an urge to go to this fundraising event．
我喜欢动物，很想去参加这次筹款活动。
6．judg(e)ment n．判断力；意见，评价；判决
①_______ (judge) from what he said，he was very disappointed．
②It was，in her _________ (judge)，the wrong thing to do．
③He was one of the ______ (judge) at the horse race．
Judging
judgement
judges
完美写作　应用文写作之谚语
俗话说：“不要以貌取人。”
(译林版必修第一册Unit 4)“______________________________，”
the old saying goes．
Don't judge a book by its cover
◎in one's judgement依某人看来
◎judge sb．/sth．from/by从……来评价某人/物
◎judging by/from根据……来判断
◎judge n．裁判员；评判员；法官
◎Our culture originates from respect and trust，so we can share our thoughts without fear of judgement．
我们的文化源于尊重和信任，所以我们可以分享我们的想法而不用害怕被评判。
7．conclusion n．[课本义]结论　[增补义]结束；结尾；结局
①He concluded ____ their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan．
②Let me conclude my speech ____ a saying，“Where there is a will，there is a way．”
③There is no __________ (conclude) proof that creatures from outer space do exist．
from
with
conclusive
完美写作　读后续写之主旨升华
我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。
①I _______________________________________________________
____________ that a friend in need is a friend indeed．(conclusion)
②I _________________________________ that a friend in need is a friend indeed．(conclude)
drew/came to/arrived at/reached a conclusion from my own
concluded from my own experiences
experiences
◎in conclusion总而言之；最后
◎draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion得出一个结论
◎conclude v．(使)结束；得出结论；断定
◎conclude...from...从……中推断出……
◎conclude...with...以……结束……
◎conclusive adj．确凿的；不容置疑的
◎(2024·全国甲卷)In conclusion，the development of transport in China is astonishing．
总之，中国交通的发展是惊人的。
8．worthy adj．[课本义]有价值的；值得尊敬的　[增补义]值得(或应得)……的
①This documentary about environmental protection is well worth ________(watch)，as it vividly shows the urgency of saving our planet．
②__ is worthwhile to spend some time preparing for the speech，as careful preparation can greatly improve your confidence on stage．
watching
It
完美写作　应用文写作之新闻报道
这个旨在改善农村教育条件的项目值得去做，因为它已经帮助数百名儿童获得了更好的学习资源。
The project aimed at improving rural education conditions _____________________，as it has already helped hundreds of children gain access to better learning resources．
is worthy of being done
◎be worthy of值得……
◎be worthy to be done＝be worthy of being done ……值得做
◎be well worth doing非常值得做……
◎It is worthwhile doing/to do...做……是值得的
◎(2025年1月·八省高考适应性考试)Every language is worthy of respect and should be treated equally．
每一种语言都值得尊重，都应被平等对待。
9．owe vt．[课本义]有……是由于；把……归功于　[增补义]欠(账/债/情)
①I owe an apology __ you for being unable to travel with you．
②I owed __ to the doctors that I survived such a severe accident．
③_______ (owe) to bad weather，the flight was delayed for a couple of hours．
to
it
Owing
完美写作　应用文写作之倡议书
我认为我们应该为了我们的后代保护环境。
I think we ______________________________________________．
owe it to our future generations to protect the environment
◎owe sb．sth．＝owe sth．to sb．欠某人某物
◎owe success/one's life to...把成功归功于……/因……才保住性命
◎owe it to sb．to do sth．(为了某人)应该做……，有义务做……
◎owe it to sb．that...……归因于/归功于某人
◎owing to由于；因为
◎I owe my success in the competition to your patient guidance，without which I couldn't have overcome so many difficulties．
我能在比赛中取得成功，要归功于你耐心的指导，没有你的指导，我不可能克服这么多困难。
10．arrange vt．[课本义]排列，布置　[增补义]筹备；安排；整理
①He arranged for a car _______ (pick) up his wife．
②She's arranged ___ her son to take swimming lessons next month．
③(译林版必修第三册Unit 3)When you wish to go on holiday，you can make all your travel ____________ (arrangement) just in front of the computer．
to pick
for
arrangements
完美写作　应用文写作之活动介绍
大多数博物馆也欢迎学校团体，并为孩子们安排特别活动。
Most museums also welcome school groups and ___________________
___________________．
arrange special
activities for children
◎arrange sth．for sb．为某人安排某事
◎arrange for...to do...安排……做……
◎arrange (for sb．) to do sth．安排(某人)做某事(不能用arrange sb．to do sth．)
◎arrangement n．筹划；布置；整理
◎make arrangements for为……做安排
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance．
五人或以上的团体需要特别安排，并且必须提前确认。
11．regardless of 不管；不顾
①She is widely regarded __ the current leader's natural successor．
②Give your brother my _______ (regard) when you see him．
③(人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 3)The local government set up strict regulations _________ (regard) further industrial development．
as
regards
regarding
完美写作　读后续写之人物描写
尽管困难重重，他从未放弃过自己的梦想。
He never gave up his dream ____________________________________
_______________．
regardless of/in spite of/despite many
difficulties
◎regardless of the fact that...不顾……的事实
◎in spite of＝despite尽管(后常接名词，不接从句)
◎regard vt．把……视为；以……看待 n．注意；尊重；[pl．]致意，问候
◎be regarded as被看作……
◎regarding prep．关于；至于
◎They continued to work regardless of the fact that it was raining．
尽管天在下雨，他们还是继续工作。
12．hold up 举起；阻碍；延迟；支撑得住
①The next time you want to do something nice for someone，don't hold ____ and do it right away．
②(外研版选择性必修第三册Unit 3) On windy days，we had to hold _____ the paper on the desk，which would otherwise be blown away．
③I'd thought I could hold ___ till my dentist come back from holiday，but the pain was really unbearable．
back
down
out
完美写作　应用文写作之道歉信
很抱歉通知你，这些书的配送会因大雨而耽搁，预计周五能到。
I'm sorry to inform you that the delivery of the books _______________ by the heavy rain，and they are expected to arrive by Friday．
will be held up
◎hold down压(制)住；限制(尤指噪声)；保住(工作)
◎hold on坚持住；(电话用语)别挂断
◎hold back隐瞒；拦阻；抑制(感情等)
◎hold out伸出手；坚持；抵抗
◎hold on to 保住(优势)；抓紧，不放开
◎No matter what happens tomorrow，hold on to today and you won't regret．
不管明天发生什么，抓住今天，你就不会后悔。
13．[教材原句]This was because she couldn't see or hear．(This is because...)
这是因为她看不见也听不见。
①He hurt his leg．That's _______ he fell from a tall tree．
②The reason why he came late was ____ he missed the bus．
③He and I have worked together for a couple of years．That's ___ I know him pretty well．
because
that
why
完美写作　完成句子
我知道那是因为我在课后没有花大量时间记忆它们。
I know _______________ I didn't spend much time (in) memorizing them after class．
that is because
◎that/this is because...那/这是因为……
◎that/this is why...那/这就是为什么……
◎the reason why...is that...……的原因是……
◎When I grew up，I realized that was why my father could get along well with all the people around him．
我长大了才明白那就是为什么父亲能和他周围的所有人和睦相处。
14．[教材原句]It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn't touch．(It is/was the first time...)
那是海伦第一次明白一个她触摸不到的复杂单词的意思。
①This is the first time that he ___________ (visit) the royal palace．
②That was the first time that Bernard __________ (earn) money through his own efforts．
has visited
had earned
完美写作　完成句子
我第一次参加科学竞赛时紧张极了。但正是那次经历让我意识到自己在科学领域的潜力。
__________________________ a science competition，I was extremely nervous．But it was also that experience that made me realize my potential in the field of science．
The first time I participated in
◎This/That/It is the first/second/...time that＋现在完成时　这/那是某人第一/二/……次做某事
◎This/That/It was the first/second/...time that＋过去完成时　这/那是某人第一/二/……次做某事
◎That was the first time I had been to the countryside with my mother，where I was deeply impressed．
那是我第一次和妈妈一起去乡下，那里给我留下了深刻的印象。
基础巩固 达标训练
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．She is determined to live a fulfilling life regardless __ what the future holds．
2．The new creation of the comedian is really worthy of _____________ (watch)．
3．They can enter the park without ___________ (restrict) during the opening hours．
of
being watched
restriction
4．The genius owed his success __ his diligence rather than his intelligence．
5．(2025·浙江1月卷)“People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways，”says Ashley Martin，a Stanford associate professor of organizational _____________ (behave)．
6．He made a very positive ____________ (contribute) to the overall success of the project．
to
behavio(u)r
contribution
7．The novel ________ of 120 chapters but the language style of the second half is not __________ with the first half．(consist)
8．Susan had very ______ left the party before all the trouble started．It was ____ of her to make good predictions and she was really a woman of great ______．(wise)
consists
consistent
wisely
wise
wisdom
9．Your _____________ is right．_______ from his look，he must be angry with us．But we can't _______ a person only by his appearance．(judge)
10．My parents thoroughly _______ of what I'm doing and their ________ boosts my confidence．(approve)
judg(e)ment
Judging
judge
approve
approval
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．gain
A．vt．获得，赢得　B．n．增加　C．v．(钟表)走得快　D．n．好处，利益
(1)Oh，my watch gains 20 minutes every 24 hours． __
(2)These policies have resulted in great gains in public health． __
(3)(2025·北京卷)“People could talk about gaining knowledge or personal growth，”says Johnson． __
C
D
A
(4)In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries，the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier and that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas． __
B
2．rank
A．n．地位，级别　B．n．排，列　C．v．使排成行　D．v．把……分等级
(1)She ranked the bottles in order of size along the shelf． __
(2)She was not used to mixing with people of high social rank． __
(3)It is not advisable for teachers to rank students according to their grades． __
C
A
D
(4)(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The moment I got off the plane，I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought． __
3．(2025·全国二卷)They surrounded me，their questions pouring out like a stream． __
A．小河，溪　　　B．水流 　　　C．(人)流
B
B
4．Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities，but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence． __
A．奉献，捐献
B．是……的原因之一
C．增加
5．(2024·全国甲卷)They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the completion of their journey． __
A．推销　　B．促进，推动　　C．提升
B
A
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．我第一次爬山的时候，一路上令人惊叹的景色让我大为震撼。
________________________________________，I was amazed by the breathtaking views along the way．
2．He was holding the keys in his hand；he still looked for them everywhere．
→_________________________________，he still looked for them everywhere．(with复合结构)
The first time that I climbed a mountain
With the keys held in his hand
3．汤姆病了，那就是他开会迟到的原因。
(1)Tom was ill．____________ he came late for the meeting．
(2)Tom came late for the meeting．________________ he was ill．
(3)______________ Tom came late for the meeting ________ he was ill．
That was why
That was because
The reason why
was that
主题引领 写作提能
假定你是李华，为强化教育育人，你校正在开展习惯养成教育活动，请你为学校英语报写一篇题为“Good Habits Shape a New Life”的演讲稿，内容如下：
1．列举不良习惯及危害；
2．指明习惯养成的重要性；
3．呼吁大家行动起来。
注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Step1　写作微练
①为了帮助学生健康成长，我校正在开展“养成好习惯”的教育活动。(cultivate，education)
In order to help students grow up healthily，our school is conducting“______________________________________________．
②我们组织小组讨论找出并分析我们自己的坏习惯。(analyse)
We organised group discussions to find out and ___________________
_______．
cultivating good habits” education activities
analyse our own bad
habits
③我们每个人都有很多我们没有注意到的坏习惯，比如到处扔垃圾、不吃早餐、吃太多垃圾食品等等。(定语从句)
Every one of us had so many bad habits ______________________，such as throwing away rubbish here and there，skipping breakfast，eating too much junk food and so on．
④既然这些坏习惯阻碍了我们前进的道路，那么我们立即改掉它们并培养好习惯就是一个明智的决定。(now that引导原因状语从句)
______________________________________________，it is a wise decision that we get rid of them immediately and develop good habits．
that we didn't notice
Now that these bad habits stand in our way forward
⑤好的习惯可以使我们更有生产力和效率，帮助我们获得身心健康，提高我们的整体生活质量。(efficient，gain，overall)
Good habits can _____________________________________________
_________________________________________________________．
⑥让我们养成好习惯，塑造新生活。(shape)
Let's form good habits ___________________．
make us more productive and efficient，help us gain physical and mental health，and increase our overall quality of life
to shape a new life
Step2　句式升级
⑦用what引导的主语从句升级句③
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What shocked us was that every one of us had so many bad habits that we didn't notice，such as throwing away rubbish here and there，skipping breakfast，eating too much junk food and so on．
Step3　妙笔成篇
【参考范文】
Good Habits Shape a New Life
In order to help students grow up healthily，our school is conducting“cultivating good habits”education activities．
We organised group discussions to find out and analyse our own bad habits．What shocked us was that every one of us had so many bad habits that we didn't notice，such as throwing away rubbish here and there，skipping breakfast，eating too much junk food and so on．
Now that these bad habits stand in our way forward，it is a wise decision that we get rid of them immediately and develop good habits．Good habits can make us more productive and efficient，help us gain physical and mental health，and increase our overall quality of life．Let's form good habits to shape a new life．
教材 语料 亮词 情感描写：sympathy；unbearable；troublesome；superb；straightforward；excitement；painful；enthusiastic；complex；gently；disappointed；puzzle；critical；integrity；conventional；preoccupied
人物描写：promote；facilitate；insist；evaluate；stubborn；enlighten；grasp；expand；gain；pursue；educate；contribute；expose；stimulate；assess；approve；urge；abandon；owe；restrict
Step1　语料积累
教材 语料 美句 1．She was sometimes troublesome，stubborn and angry，and had a tendency to break things when no one understood her．
2．However，because Helen was so enthusiastic about learning，the results were amazing．
3．When her teacher said that it wasn't，she was confused and disappointed．
教材 语料 美句 4．He is now known as the father of astronomy...
5．In the picture，a man is wearing a hat and an apron，and is carrying an umbrella because it is raining heavily．
6．It is important not to become too preoccupied with routines and schedules，because they can make us blind to what is in front of us．
拓展 语料 单词 open-mouthed adj．目瞪口呆的；whisper v．耳语，低语；yawn v．打哈欠；tight-lipped adj．守口如瓶的；缄口不语的
拓展 语料 语块 one's mouth drops/hangs open 张大嘴巴；widen one's mouth 咧开嘴；cup/cover one's mouth 捂住某人的嘴；down in the mouth闷闷不乐，沮丧；one's heart in one's mouth 提心吊胆；lick one's lips 舔嘴唇；purse one's lips噘嘴；bite one's lip忍住话，抑制情感流露
拓展 语料 句型 1．She froze，her mouth hanging open．(独立主格结构)
她呆住了，张着嘴。
2．Her mouth grew stiff with pain and distress．
疼痛和悲伤让她嘴巴发僵。
3．He straightened up and looked at me，open-mouthed/his mouth dropping open in surprise．(分词短语作状语)
他直起身，目瞪口呆地看着我。
拓展 语料 句型 4．With a smile playing around his mouth，he recalled the happy past days．(with复合结构)
他回忆起过去的快乐时光，嘴角挂着微笑。
5．A gentle smile danced around the corners of her mouth，making us feel at ease/putting us at ease．
她的嘴角露出一抹温柔的笑意，使我们放松下来。
拓展 语料 句型 6．My mouth started watering when I smelled the food．
闻到食物的香味，我的嘴开始流口水了。
7．She bit her lower lip to keep it from trembling as tears ran/streamed/rolled down her cheeks．
她咬着下唇不让它颤抖，泪水顺着她的脸颊流下来。
Step2　语料运用
①当我第一次作为大学讲师演讲时，我感到非常痛苦和焦虑，喉咙发紧，嘴发干。(the first time 引导时间状语从句；独立主格结构)
____________________________________ as a university lecturer，I felt extremely painful and anxious，___________________________．
The first time I delivered a lecture
my throat tight and my mouth dry
②然后，我赶紧清了清嗓子，舔了舔嘴唇，希望观众席上的观众没有注意到我的不安。(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
Then，I quickly cleared my throat and licked my lips，______________
______________________________________________________．
③有些学生直起身，目瞪口呆地看着我，这又一次让我差点放弃了。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
Some students straightened up and looked at me open-mouthed/their mouth dropping open in surprise，_____________________________．
hoping the
which again made me almost give up
audience in the audience hall wouldn't notice my uneasiness
④我对自己很失望，努力做了几次深呼吸，回忆一些快乐的场景，让自己平静下来。(形容词短语作状语)
_________________________，I managed to take a few deep breaths and calm down by recalling some happy scenes．
⑤最终，我的嘴角露出一抹微弱的笑意，我可以控制我的情绪和我的第一节课了。
___________________________________________________________and I could take control of my emotions as well as my first class．
Disappointed with myself
Finally，a weak smile began to dance around the corners of my mouth
题型组合练(二十三)　选择性必修第二册　UNIT 5　EDUCATION
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：47.5分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2026·贵州贵阳模拟)I initially became a Spanish teacher not out of passion but necessity—like many in their twenties，stuck in a quarter-life crisis，trying to find a way to make some extra money．
That's how one morning I found myself downloading a language app，creating a profile，and recording an introduction video hoping to convince potential students to book a trial lesson with me．Despite watching tutorials (教程) online for only seven hours，I pretended to be a qualified teacher．
But my first student，Robert—an American living in Medellín，Colombia would change everything．He wasn't trying to master grammar or speak perfect textbook Spanish．He wanted to improve his fluency and learn the local paisa slang，so he could understand the people in the street stands，the bakery guy，and the lady selling coffee．
I remember our first class vividly．I explained the difference between a rolo，a cale o，and a samario，which led to discussions about regional accents，word meanings，and how everything changes depending on who says it and how．Robert also shared his life in Ohio，experiences in Latin America，and his relationship with food and people．
Our Spanish classes turned into a sort of cultural lab．In that back-and-forth of ideas，we unknowingly started building bridges．It hit me that teaching a language goes far beyond teaching grammar．It's about opening the door to a new world and inviting someone else to walk through it．
I now believe language teaching is a powerful tool for building bridges across cultures and dismantling the stereotypes that divide us．In a globalized world，language teachers are perhaps agents of change and social transformation，sharing cultures through lived experiences．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者最初为谋生成为西班牙语老师，在与学生罗伯特的互动中，领悟到语言教学对跨文化交流和打破刻板印象的重要意义。
√
1．Why did the author download a language app
A．To book a trial lesson．
B．To watch tutorials online．
C．To learn a new language．
D．To earn additional income．
D　[细节理解题。根据第一段“I initially became a Spanish teacher not out of passion but necessity—like many in their twenties，stuck in a quarter-life crisis，trying to find a way to make some extra money．”以及第二段中的“That's how one morning I found myself downloading a language app，creating a profile，and recording an introduction video hoping to convince potential students to book a trial lesson with me．”可知，作者下载语言应用程序是为了吸引学生、赚取额外收入。故选D项。]
√
2．What is Robert's goal in taking the author's lesson
A．To speak perfect textbook Spanish．
B．To make friends living in Medellín．
C．To understand the locals accurately．
D．To acquire Spanish grammar rules．
C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He wasn't trying to master grammar or speak perfect textbook Spanish．He wanted to improve his fluency and learn the local paisa slang，so he could understand the people in the street stands，the bakery guy，and the lady selling coffee．”可知，罗伯特上课的目的是准确理解当地人的话语。故选C项。]
√
3．Which of the following best describes the author's first class with Robert
A．Organized and vivid．
B．Interactive and practical．
C．Serious and formal．
D．Academic and inspiring．
B　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I explained the difference between a rolo，a cale o，and a samario，which led to discussions about regional accents，word meanings，and how everything changes depending on who says it and how．Robert also shared his life in Ohio，experiences in Latin America，and his relationship with food and people．”可知，作者在课堂上讲解语言知识，学生分享生活，有问有答、互动频繁，且内容围绕实用的俚语和日常交流展开，因此“互动性强且实用”最能描述这堂课。故选B项。]
4．What is a language teacher supposed to do at present
A．Strengthen stereotypes．
B．Evaluate unknown ideas．
C．Foster cultural exchanges．
D．Learn from experiences．
√
C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“I now believe language teaching is a powerful tool for building bridges across cultures and dismantling the stereotypes that divide us．In a globalized world，language teachers are perhaps agents of change and social transformation，sharing cultures through lived experiences．”可知，如今语言教师应该促进文化交流。故选C项。]
B
The ability to connect an event with its consequences—experts use the term“associative learning”—is a crucial skill for adapting to the environment．Recent findings show that adults fail to demonstrate the highest learning performance in this area．This paves the way for a fresh perspective on associative learning disorders，which are linked to the development of mental illness later in life．
Researchers from Ruhr University Bochum conducted groundbreaking experiments across four age groups：babies (0—3)，primary school children (6—12)，teenagers (13—19)，and adults．Participants were required to identify patterns between visual pictures and corresponding rewards through computer-based tasks．Several learning sessions were then integrated to assess performance stability．
The research team was amazed by the results:“We'd initially assumed that associative learning improves continuously with increasing age，”says Dr．Carolin Konrad．However，there was a clear peak in performance at primary school:“Children at this age achieved the best results，learned most consistently and showed the least variability in their learning behavior．”Although adults and teenagers learned faster than babies，they didn't reach the performance level of primary school children．
It also emerged that repeated exposure to the learned material plays a crucial role for babies and teenagers since an additional learning session led to an improvement in learning performance in these age groups．Teenagers improved 40% after additional practice sessions，whereas adults showed minimal progress．This finding highlights the“sensitive period”phenomenon—the brain's higher plasticity during childhood that allows more efficient knowledge acquisition．
The study shows that associative learning is present across the lifespan but that the rates and quantities of learning vary．“This mental capacity not only helps us avoid dangers but also influences emotional regulation patterns，”concludes Konrad．“Early identification of associative learning difficulties could serve as an indicator for future mental health risks．”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是不同年龄段在联想学习能力上的差异，以及儿童期学习的高效性对心理健康的影响。
√
5．Which is an example of associative learning
A．A baby grasps an object placed in its hand．
B．A student works harder after getting good grades．
C．A driver keeps speeding up when receiving a ticket．
D．A cook follows his recipe despite customer complaints．
B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The ability to connect an event with its consequences—experts use the term‘associative learning’—is a crucial skill for adapting to the environment．”可知，联想学习是指将事件与其结果联系起来的能力，B选项中“学生因为取得好成绩而更加努力学习”符合这一定义，因为它体现了事件(取得好成绩)与结果(更加努力学习)之间的关联。故选B项。]
√
6．What were the participants required to do in the experiments
A．Identify the relationship between different groups．
B．Watch and record their own performance over time．
C．Assess their learning progress during the sessions．
D．Pair pictures with rewards through computer-based tasks．
D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Participants were required to identify patterns between visual pictures and corresponding rewards through computer-based tasks．”可知，参与者需要通过计算机任务将图片与奖励配对。故选D项。]
√
7．What surprised the researchers about associative learning
A．Adults possessed greater adaptability．
B．Primary schoolers outperformed others．
C．Teenagers peaked in learning performance．
D．Babies required frequent exposure to knowledge．
B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“However，there was a clear peak in performance at primary school...Although adults and teenagers learned faster than babies，they didn't reach the performance level of primary school children．”可知，研究人员惊讶地发现，小学生群体取得了最佳成绩，学习最稳定，学习行为的差异性最小，由此可知，小学生在联想学习中的表现优于其他年龄段的人群。故选B项。]
√
8．Why is the“sensitive period”phenomenon mentioned in paragraph 4
A．To show learning ability differences across all ages．
B．To advise adults to learn efficiently in a gradual way．
C．To stress the significance of learning during childhood．
D．To demonstrate the brain's ability to adapt in adulthood．
C　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“This finding highlights the‘sensitive period’phenomenon—the brain's higher plasticity during childhood that allows more efficient knowledge acquisition．”可知，儿童时期大脑的高可塑性使知识学习等更高效，由此可知，第四段中提到“敏感期”是为了强调儿童时期学习的重要意义。故选C项。]
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2026·广东肇庆模拟)One day，Miss Sarah told her students，“Tomorrow，you need to bring some tomatoes in a plastic bag to school．”Students were 　1　 and wondered why．Miss Sarah smiled and replied，“Well，that's a 　2　．And you should give each tomato a name of the person you 　3　 most．If there are five people that you dislike，then you have to bring five tomatoes．”The next day，all students brought tomatoes as asked and showed them to Miss Sarah．Some students had two，some had five and some 　4　 had twenty tomatoes in their bags．
Miss Sarah said，“Your task this week is to　5　 these tomatoes．I mean，you need to carry the bag of tomatoes everywhere you go for a whole week．”Students agreed happily because they were
　6　 to begin this secret task．
However，as days passed，tomatoes started to lose their 　7　 and got spoiled．Worse still，they started to smell 　8　．The students'excitement faded away．
After a week，Miss Sarah asked her students，“How did you feel this week？”All students 　9　 about the awful smell as well as the heavy
　10　．At this，Miss Sarah said，“Have you known the secret now？This is very 　11　 what you carry in your heart．When you hate 　12　，you carry that harmful feeling everywhere，which makes your 　13　 unhealthy．”
Our heart is a beautiful garden where we should clean the unwanted weeds
　14　．
Forgive those who have 　15　 you．Gradually，this makes room for storing good things．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。Miss Sarah为了教学生宽容待人的品质设计了一个神秘任务。学生需在一周内随身携带与自己讨厌的人数等量的西红柿。通过亲身经历，学生们体会到心怀怨恨的坏处，学会清理心灵的不良情绪。
1．A．careful　　　　　　　 B．curious
C．silent D．positive
√
B　[考查形容词词义辨析。由上文的“Tomorrow，you need to bring some tomatoes in a plastic bag to school．”可知，听到老师要他们带着西红柿来上学，学生们会很好奇，下文的“wondered why”也体现了这一点，故选B项。]
2．A．secret B．record
C．fact D．truth
√
A　[考查名词词义辨析。由上文语境可知，学生很好奇，想知道原因，但是Miss Sarah为了更好的教育效果，先卖了个关子，说这是个秘密，下文的“Have you known the secret now？”讲老师在揭晓时，secret一词原词复现，故选A项。]
3．A．respect B．concern
C．remember D．hate
√
D　[考查动词词义辨析。由下文的“If there are five people that you dislike，then you have to bring five tomatoes．”可知，老师叮嘱学生给每个西红柿命名为他们讨厌的人，hate一词在后文通过原词复现、同义词复现(dislike)进行提示，故选D项。]
4．A．just B．even
C．only D．still
√
B　[考查副词词义辨析。由本处语境可知，有些同学带了两个西红柿，有些带了五个，有些甚至带了二十个，此处使用even表示数量在逐步递增，故选B项。]
5．A．cook B．sell
C．carry D．grow
√
C　[考查动词词义辨析。由下文的“you need to carry the bag of tomatoes everywhere you go for a whole week”可知，Miss Sarah给学生们下达第二个要求：每天随身携带这袋西红柿，故选C项。]
6．A．excited B．shocked
C．honored D．confused
√
A　[考查形容词词义辨析。由上文的“Students agreed happily”及下文的“The students'excitement faded away．”可知，学生很激动，迫不及待地开始这项神秘的任务，故选A项。]
7．A．condition B．freshness
C．signal D．reputation
√
B　[考查名词词义辨析。由下文的“got spoiled”可知，一天天过去，西红柿没那么新鲜了，失去新鲜与变质呼应，故选B项。]
8．A．great B．familiar
C．sweet D．awful
√
D　[考查形容词词义辨析。由下文的“the awful smell”可知，不新鲜的西红柿开始变质，气味不好闻，故选D项。]
9．A．cared B．thought
C．complained D．heard
√
C　[考查动词词义辨析。由本处语境和下文的“the awful smell as well as the heavy”可知，学生纷纷向老师抱怨西红柿变质发臭，故选C项。]
10．A．weight B．task
C．size D．loss
√
A　[考查名词词义辨析。由本处语境可知，除了抱怨变质西红柿难闻的气味，因为每天要携带西红柿，同学们还抱怨它们的重量，故选A项。]
11．A．different from B．fit for
C．similar to D．popular with
√
C　[考查形容词短语辨析。由下文的“you carry that harmful feeling everywhere，which makes your ________ unhealthy”可知，通过这次体验活动，老师告诉同学们，随时随身携带烂西红柿，就像心里一直埋着怨恨一样，故选C项。]
12．A．everyone B．anyone
C．none D．someone
√
D　[考查代词词义辨析。由上文语境可知，拿每天携带写有讨厌的人姓名的西红柿打比方，Miss Sarah告诉学生，当你讨厌某一个人的时候，你会随身携带着对他的怨恨之情，此处是老师以讨厌某一个人的情况，进行举例说明，故选D项。]
13．A．brain B．heart
C．soul D．mind
√
B　[考查名词词义辨析。由本处语境可知，解不开心结、一直讨厌他人，会让你的心不健康，引出下文的“Our heart is a beautiful garden where we should clean the unwanted weeds”讲清理杂草(不良情绪)，让我们的心变得美丽，故选B项。]
14．A．physically B．directly
C．suddenly D．regularly
√
D　[考查副词词义辨析。由本处语境，我们的心灵就像一座漂亮的花园，需要我们经常地清理杂草(不良情绪)，故选D项。]
15．A．angered B．surprised
C．frightened D．doubted
√
A　[考查动词词义辨析。文章通过Miss Sarah设计的德育活动告诉我们，如果有人惹怒我们，我们不必怀恨在心，而应原谅他们，让心灵充满美好，故选A项。]
Ⅲ．七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·郑州外国语模拟)A person with a growth mindset believes that failure is not the end—it's just part of the learning process．A growth mindset makes independent learning easier and more rewarding．　1　 Instead of seeing challenges as barriers，you'll see them as opportunities to grow! Here are some practical ways to develop a growth mindset and make the most of your independent learning journey．
Focus on learning，not just results．It's important to shift your focus from grades or final outcomes to the skills and knowledge you're building along the way．Set learning-oriented goals instead of only focusing on performance-related ones．Even if you don't achieve the result you hope for，reflect on what you've learned and how you've improved．　2　 .
Make the most of every opportunity．Even if you find a subject difficult or less interesting，focus on small wins．　3　 Progress may be slow，but every step gets you closer to your goal．
　4　 Everyone learns in different ways．If you're struggling，take a step back and reflect on your approach．Are there different study techniques you could try？Do you need a more structured routine or additional support？Don't hesitate to ask for help when you need it．
Enjoy the process．Learning is a journey，and it's not about how quickly you get there，it's about what you learn on the way．No matter what you do，mistakes are going to happen，so embrace them．　5　 The more you engage，the better your understanding will be in the long run．
A．Find out what works for you．
B．Celebrate progress，no matter how small．
C．With a solid plan，you can focus on what matters most．
D．How you move forward is a part of the learning process．
E．You can develop a growth mindset to improve your learning．
F．Rather than giving up，aim to improve just a little each day．
G．No matter what you learn，the key to success lies in your mindset．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕如何培养成长型思维以提升自主学习展开，介绍聚焦学习过程、利用机会等实用方法。
1．E　[由上文“A growth mindset makes independent learning easier and more rewarding．”可知，此处需进一步说明“培养成长型思维”与“提升学习”的直接关联。E项通过“develop a growth mindset”直接呼应上文，明确“培养成长型思维”是“改善学习”的手段，引出后文“具体方法”的论述，起到承上启下的作用。故选E项。]
2．B　[由上文“Even if you don't achieve the result you hope for，reflect on what you've learned and how you've improved．”可知，此处需强调“认可进步”的重要性。B项通过“Celebrate progress”呼应“反思进步”的行为，“no matter how small”强化“过程重于结果”的理念，与前文“聚焦学习本身而非成绩”的逻辑一致。故选B项。]
3．F　[由上文“focus on small wins”及下文“Progress may be slow，but every step gets you closer to your goal．”可知，此处需说明如何通过持续行动积累“小成就”。F项通过“improve just a little each day”具体落实“small wins”的理念，“rather than giving up”对应“遇到困难学科”的场景，与“every step”形成“每日积累→最终目标”的递进关系。故选F项。]
4．A　[由下文“Everyone learns in different ways．If you're struggling，take a step back and reflect on your approach．”可知，此处需总述“寻找适合自己的学习方法”。A项以祈使句形式点明段落核心，“what works for you”直接概括后文“尝试不同技巧、调整计划”的建议，作为段落首句统领全段，符合“总述→分述”的结构。故选A项。]
5．D　[由上文“mistakes are going to happen，so embrace them”可知，此处需进一步说明“错误与学习过程的关系”。D项通过“move forward”指代“从错误中学习的行动”，“learning process”呼应全文“重视过程”的主题，强调“应对错误的方式”本身即学习的一部分，与后文“参与越多，理解越深”形成逻辑闭环。故选D项。]
谢 谢 ！题型组合练(二十三)　选择性必修第二册　UNIT 5　EDUCATION
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：47.5分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2026·贵州贵阳模拟)I initially became a Spanish teacher not out of passion but necessity—like many in their twenties，stuck in a quarter-life crisis，trying to find a way to make some extra money．
That's how one morning I found myself downloading a language app，creating a profile，and recording an introduction video hoping to convince potential students to book a trial lesson with me．Despite watching tutorials (教程) online for only seven hours，I pretended to be a qualified teacher．
But my first student，Robert—an American living in Medellín，Colombia would change everything．He wasn't trying to master grammar or speak perfect textbook Spanish．He wanted to improve his fluency and learn the local paisa slang，so he could understand the people in the street stands，the bakery guy，and the lady selling coffee．
I remember our first class vividly．I explained the difference between a rolo，a cale o，and a samario，which led to discussions about regional accents，word meanings，and how everything changes depending on who says it and how．Robert also shared his life in Ohio，experiences in Latin America，and his relationship with food and people．
Our Spanish classes turned into a sort of cultural lab．In that back-and-forth of ideas，we unknowingly started building bridges．It hit me that teaching a language goes far beyond teaching grammar．It's about opening the door to a new world and inviting someone else to walk through it．
I now believe language teaching is a powerful tool for building bridges across cultures and dismantling the stereotypes that divide us．In a globalized world，language teachers are perhaps agents of change and social transformation，sharing cultures through lived experiences．
1．Why did the author download a language app
A．To book a trial lesson．
B．To watch tutorials online．
C．To learn a new language．
D．To earn additional income．
2．What is Robert's goal in taking the author's lesson
A．To speak perfect textbook Spanish．
B．To make friends living in Medellín．
C．To understand the locals accurately．
D．To acquire Spanish grammar rules．
3．Which of the following best describes the author's first class with Robert
A．Organized and vivid．
B．Interactive and practical．
C．Serious and formal．
D．Academic and inspiring．
4．What is a language teacher supposed to do at present
A．Strengthen stereotypes．
B．Evaluate unknown ideas．
C．Foster cultural exchanges．
D．Learn from experiences．
B
The ability to connect an event with its consequences—experts use the term“associative learning”—is a crucial skill for adapting to the environment．Recent findings show that adults fail to demonstrate the highest learning performance in this area．This paves the way for a fresh perspective on associative learning disorders，which are linked to the development of mental illness later in life．
Researchers from Ruhr University Bochum conducted groundbreaking experiments across four age groups：babies (0—3)，primary school children (6—12)，teenagers (13—19)，and adults．Participants were required to identify patterns between visual pictures and corresponding rewards through computer-based tasks．Several learning sessions were then integrated to assess performance stability．
The research team was amazed by the results:“We'd initially assumed that associative learning improves continuously with increasing age，”says Dr．Carolin Konrad．However，there was a clear peak in performance at primary school:“Children at this age achieved the best results，learned most consistently and showed the least variability in their learning behavior．”Although adults and teenagers learned faster than babies，they didn't reach the performance level of primary school children．
It also emerged that repeated exposure to the learned material plays a crucial role for babies and teenagers since an additional learning session led to an improvement in learning performance in these age groups．Teenagers improved 40% after additional practice sessions，whereas adults showed minimal progress．This finding highlights the“sensitive period”phenomenon—the brain's higher plasticity during childhood that allows more efficient knowledge acquisition．
The study shows that associative learning is present across the lifespan but that the rates and quantities of learning vary．“This mental capacity not only helps us avoid dangers but also influences emotional regulation patterns，”concludes Konrad．“Early identification of associative learning difficulties could serve as an indicator for future mental health risks．”
5．Which is an example of associative learning
A．A baby grasps an object placed in its hand．
B．A student works harder after getting good grades．
C．A driver keeps speeding up when receiving a ticket．
D．A cook follows his recipe despite customer complaints．
6．What were the participants required to do in the experiments
A．Identify the relationship between different groups．
B．Watch and record their own performance over time．
C．Assess their learning progress during the sessions．
D．Pair pictures with rewards through computer-based tasks．
7．What surprised the researchers about associative learning
A．Adults possessed greater adaptability．
B．Primary schoolers outperformed others．
C．Teenagers peaked in learning performance．
D．Babies required frequent exposure to knowledge．
8．Why is the“sensitive period”phenomenon mentioned in paragraph 4
A．To show learning ability differences across all ages．
B．To advise adults to learn efficiently in a gradual way．
C．To stress the significance of learning during childhood．
D．To demonstrate the brain's ability to adapt in adulthood．
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2026·广东肇庆模拟)One day，Miss Sarah told her students，“Tomorrow，you need to bring some tomatoes in a plastic bag to school．”Students were 　1　 and wondered why．Miss Sarah smiled and replied，“Well，that's a 　2　．And you should give each tomato a name of the person you 　3　 most．If there are five people that you dislike，then you have to bring five tomatoes．”The next day，all students brought tomatoes as asked and showed them to Miss Sarah．Some students had two，some had five and some 　4　 had twenty tomatoes in their bags．
Miss Sarah said，“Your task this week is to　5　 these tomatoes．I mean，you need to carry the bag of tomatoes everywhere you go for a whole week．”Students agreed happily because they were 　6　 to begin this secret task．
However，as days passed，tomatoes started to lose their 　7　 and got spoiled．Worse still，they started to smell 　8　．The students'excitement faded away．
After a week，Miss Sarah asked her students，“How did you feel this week？”All students 　9　 about the awful smell as well as the heavy 　10　．At this，Miss Sarah said，“Have you known the secret now？This is very 　11　 what you carry in your heart．When you hate 　12　，you carry that harmful feeling everywhere，which makes your 　13　 unhealthy．”
Our heart is a beautiful garden where we should clean the unwanted weeds 　14　．
Forgive those who have 　15　 you．Gradually，this makes room for storing good things．
1．A．careful　　　　　　　 B．curious
C．silent D．positive
2．A．secret B．record
C．fact D．truth
3．A．respect B．concern
C．remember D．hate
4．A．just B．even
C．only D．still
5．A．cook B．sell
C．carry D．grow
6．A．excited B．shocked
C．honored D．confused
7．A．condition B．freshness
C．signal D．reputation
8．A．great B．familiar
C．sweet D．awful
9．A．cared B．thought
C．complained D．heard
10．A．weight B．task
C．size D．loss
11．A．different from B．fit for
C．similar to D．popular with
12．A．everyone B．anyone
C．none D．someone
13．A．brain B．heart
C．soul D．mind
14．A．physically B．directly
C．suddenly D．regularly
15．A．angered B．surprised
C．frightened D．doubted
Ⅲ．七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·郑州外国语模拟)A person with a growth mindset believes that failure is not the end—it's just part of the learning process．A growth mindset makes independent learning easier and more rewarding．　1　 Instead of seeing challenges as barriers，you'll see them as opportunities to grow! Here are some practical ways to develop a growth mindset and make the most of your independent learning journey．
Focus on learning，not just results．It's important to shift your focus from grades or final outcomes to the skills and knowledge you're building along the way．Set learning-oriented goals instead of only focusing on performance-related ones．Even if you don't achieve the result you hope for，reflect on what you've learned and how you've improved．　2　
Make the most of every opportunity．Even if you find a subject difficult or less interesting，focus on small wins．　3　 Progress may be slow，but every step gets you closer to your goal．
　4　 Everyone learns in different ways．If you're struggling，take a step back and reflect on your approach．Are there different study techniques you could try？Do you need a more structured routine or additional support？Don't hesitate to ask for help when you need it．
Enjoy the process．Learning is a journey，and it's not about how quickly you get there，it's about what you learn on the way．No matter what you do，mistakes are going to happen，so embrace them．　5　 The more you engage，the better your understanding will be in the long run．
A．Find out what works for you．
B．Celebrate progress，no matter how small．
C．With a solid plan，you can focus on what matters most．
D．How you move forward is a part of the learning process．
E．You can develop a growth mindset to improve your learning．
F．Rather than giving up，aim to improve just a little each day．
G．No matter what you learn，the key to success lies in your mindset．
题型组合练(二十三)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者最初为谋生成为西班牙语老师，在与学生罗伯特的互动中，领悟到语言教学对跨文化交流和打破刻板印象的重要意义。
1．D　[细节理解题。根据第一段“I initially became a Spanish teacher not out of passion but necessity—like many in their twenties，stuck in a quarter-life crisis，trying to find a way to make some extra money．”以及第二段中的“That's how one morning I found myself downloading a language app，creating a profile，and recording an introduction video hoping to convince potential students to book a trial lesson with me．”可知，作者下载语言应用程序是为了吸引学生、赚取额外收入。故选D项。]
2．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He wasn't trying to master grammar or speak perfect textbook Spanish．He wanted to improve his fluency and learn the local paisa slang，so he could understand the people in the street stands，the bakery guy，and the lady selling coffee．”可知，罗伯特上课的目的是准确理解当地人的话语。故选C项。]
3．B　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I explained the difference between a rolo，a cale o，and a samario，which led to discussions about regional accents，word meanings，and how everything changes depending on who says it and how．Robert also shared his life in Ohio，experiences in Latin America，and his relationship with food and people．”可知，作者在课堂上讲解语言知识，学生分享生活，有问有答、互动频繁，且内容围绕实用的俚语和日常交流展开，因此“互动性强且实用”最能描述这堂课。故选B项。]
4．C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“I now believe language teaching is a powerful tool for building bridges across cultures and dismantling the stereotypes that divide us．In a globalized world，language teachers are perhaps agents of change and social transformation，sharing cultures through lived experiences．”可知，如今语言教师应该促进文化交流。故选C项。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是不同年龄段在联想学习能力上的差异，以及儿童期学习的高效性对心理健康的影响。
5．B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The ability to connect an event with its consequences—experts use the term ‘associative learning’—is a crucial skill for adapting to the environment．” 可知，联想学习是指将事件与其结果联系起来的能力，B选项中“学生因为取得好成绩而更加努力学习”符合这一定义，因为它体现了事件(取得好成绩)与结果(更加努力学习)之间的关联。故选B项。]
6．D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Participants were required to identify patterns between visual pictures and corresponding rewards through computer-based tasks．”可知，参与者需要通过计算机任务将图片与奖励配对。故选D项。]
7．B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“However，there was a clear peak in performance at primary school...Although adults and teenagers learned faster than babies，they didn't reach the performance level of primary school children．”可知，研究人员惊讶地发现，小学生群体取得了最佳成绩，学习最稳定，学习行为的差异性最小，由此可知，小学生在联想学习中的表现优于其他年龄段的人群。故选B项。]
8．C　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“This finding highlights the ‘sensitive period’ phenomenon—the brain's higher plasticity during childhood that allows more efficient knowledge acquisition．”可知，儿童时期大脑的高可塑性使知识学习等更高效，由此可知，第四段中提到“敏感期”是为了强调儿童时期学习的重要意义。故选C项。]
Ⅱ．1．B　2．A　3．D　4．B　5．C　6．A　7．B　8．D　9．C　10．A
11．C　12．D　13．B　14．D　15．A
Ⅲ．1．E　2．B　3．F　4．A　5．D
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