资源简介

(共33张PPT)
Unit 1　
Nature in the balance
Section 3　Grammar and usage
Ellipsis
1．Learn and understand ellipsis；
2．Apply the rules of ellipsis correctly.
定义(Definition)：将句子中的一个或几个成分省去，这种语法现象叫省略(ellipsis)。
Ⅰ 完成课本第7页练习B1和B2
【答案】 略
Activity 1
Exploring the rules
规则探究
Ⅱ 补全下列句子中的省略部分
1．(　　　　　) This way, please.
2．Help (is) needed.
3．(　　　　) Want a hand
4．(　　　　　) Happy birthday!
5．Let’s do the dishes. I’ll wash (　　　　　　　) and you dry (　　　　　　　).
You come
Do you
I wish you
them/the dishes
them/the dishes
6．—Can you tell me when he will go home？　
—It’s hard to say (　　　　　　　　　　).
7．The more practice (　　　　), the better (　　　　　).
8．(　　　　　　) Look out for cars when (　　　　) crossing the street.
9．I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to (　　　　　　).
10．I won’t attend his wedding unless (　　　)invited.
when he will go home
you do
it will be
You should
you are
see the film
I am
Ⅲ 语法填空
1. We reached the river and ___________________________(catch) some fish for dinner.
2. While ___________________________(walk) through the forest, the scientist found a new flower.
3. ______________________________________________ tired, the explorers continued their journey in the rainforest.
caught(省略and后的主语we)
walking(省略主语和be动词)
Although/Though(省略主语和be动词)
4. —Will there be more rain in the forest next month
—I hope ___________________________. The plants need more water.
5. The climate in the Amazon is much more humid than _____________________ (record) last year.
so(so替代上文提出的肯定观点)
recorded(省略it was)
Activity 2
Working out the rules
归纳总结
Ⅰ 省略的作用
避免重复，使句子简练，突出关键词语。
Ⅱ 使用场景
在非正式语体中，尤其口语交际中使用最多，答语一般省略主语、助动词等已明确的成分；公共标识、通知、广告等书面场景，省略冗余语法成分；上下文语义明确时，前文已提及，后文省略避免重复；一些固定句型中，比如不定式、比较状语从句中或 if、when and while等连词后。
Ⅲ 省略的用法
(一) 简单句中的省略
1．省略主语(祈使句中的主语通常被省略)。
Get up.(省略了主语You)
Thank you for your help.(省略了主语I)
2．省略谓语。
No smoking.(省略了谓语is allowed)
Who next？(省略了谓语comes/is)
3．省略宾语。
—Do you know Mr Smith？　—I don’t know.(省略了宾语him)
4．省略表语。
—Are you hungry？　—Yes, I am.(省略了表语hungry)
5．同时省略几个成分。
—Are you feeling better now？　—Much better.(省略了I am feeling … now)
6．其他省略结构。
(1) 名词所有格所修饰的名词，表示住宅、店铺或上文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时，常常可以省略。
We spent the weekend at the Smith’s (house).
I bought bread at the baker’s (shop).
(2) What和How引导的感叹句中，常可省略主语it和be动词。
What a wonderful victory (it is) for her!
(3) 不定式做宾语或宾语补足语时，在后句的动词不定式结构中，单独使用不定式符号to代替动词不定式后被省略的动词。
①在be afraid、expect、forget、hope、intend、like、love、mean、seem、try、want、wish、ask等后。
I asked her to go skating, but she didn’t want to.
②在have、need、ought、be going、used等后。
I didn’t want to go there, but I had to.
③在某些形容词glad、happy、pleased等后。
—Will you join us？　—I’d be glad to.
④如果不定式中有be、have、have been，则常保留。
—Are you a sailor？　—No, but I used to be.
【注意】
(1) 当前面句子中出现的是复合助动词时，在省略句中只需保留一个。
—You wouldn’t have won if I hadn’t helped you.　—I would, I think.
(2) 当后一个句子中的助动词不同于前句的助动词时，则不省略。
—I think Mary should be told.　—She has been.
(二) 并列句中的省略
如果后一个句子中含有与前面一个句子相同的部分，我们通常省略一个：
1．相同主语或宾语的省略。
He sang and (he) played the guitar.(省略主语)
John washed (his own shirt) and ironed his own shirt.(省略宾语)
2．相同谓语的省略。
Some books are to be tasted, others (are) to be swallowed, and some few (are) to be chewed and digested.
如果be、have 和do 在前一分句中做主要动词，而在后一分句中做助动词，这时后一分句中的助动词不可以省去。
Jim was late and was explaining himself.
3．相同表语的省略。
Peter has recently become (a hard–working student), and his brother always was, a hard–working student.
(三) 主从复合句中的省略
1．定语从句中的省略。
做宾语的关系代词that、which、whom常可以省略；当先行词是time、reason、place时，做状语的关系副词when、why、where也可省去。
This is the first time (when) he had trouble with the boss.
2．宾语从句中的省略。
在以疑问代词和疑问副词引导的宾语从句中，如果该宾语从句涉及的是上下文所谈的内容，有时可以省去宾语从句中除疑问词以外的部分，且意思不受影响。
—You promised to buy a new dress for Mary.
—Yes, I did. But I didn’t say when (I would buy it).
3．一般状语从句中的省略。
(1) 如果状语从句中的主语与主句的主语相同，而谓语又含有be动词(包括连系动词和助动词)，这时可以把从句的主语和be动词一同省去。
While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.
(2) 当状语从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时，有时也可省略从句的主语和be动词。
Her father told her to be careful when (she was) crossing the street.
(3) if so/not的省略句式中，用so或not代替上文内容。
Get up early tomorrow. If (you do) not (get up early tomorrow), you will miss the first bus.
4．比较状语从句中的省略。
(1) 如果从句中含有与主句相同的成分，通常仅保留参与比较的部分，省略其他成分。
We are more confident than (we have) ever (been).
(2) 如果从句中含有形式主语it，且be动词后接的是形容词、名词或介词短语做表语时，通常省略it is/was和其指代部分(名词性从句或不定式)。
You arrived earlier than (it was) usual/necessary (for you to arrive).
Ⅰ 用省略手法改写下列句子
1．She works harder at English than I do.
______________________________
2．Is there anybody you want to see
______________________
3．Why don’t you go picnicking with us in the mountain
________________________________________
Activity 3
Applying the rules
规则应用
She works harder at English than I.
Anybody you want to see？
Why not go picnicking with us in the mountain？
4．You may go with us if you want to go with us.
_____________________________
5．Mary likes reading better than she likes going to parties.
______________________________________
6．What a pity it is that you can’t come with us!
__________________________________
You may go with us if you want to.
Mary likes reading better than going to parties.
What a pity that you can’t come with us！
Ⅱ 用省略手法填空
1．Misunderstandings resulting from lack of social communication, if not __________(handle) properly, may lead to serious problems.
2．I’d like to invite you to the coming party, which will take place on the second floor of the dining hall as ___________(expect).
3．You may have finished your homework. If _____, you can go on to play football.
4．Once ________(arrive), they began to devote themselves to study.
5．Don’t come in until ________(ask) to.
handled
expected
so
arriving
asked
Ⅲ 完成句子
1．我以前没有去过纽约，简也没去过。
I hadn’t been to New York before and ________________．
2．过马路时要当心车辆。
Look out for cars ______________________．
3．有多少国家参加了上届奥运会？
How many countries ____________ the last Olympic Games
4．我想我明天就可以修好它，如果不行，你就只能等到星期五了。
I think I can fix it tomorrow. _________, you’ll have to wait till Friday.
neither had Jane
when crossing the road
took part in
If not
Ⅰ 词条讲解
application n. 应用，运用；申请
【原句】Some call for the application of modern technology, and others a change of lifestyle. (page 6) 一些人呼吁应用现代技术，另一些人则呼吁改变生活方式。
Activity 4
Core vocabulary breakthrough
核心词汇突破
【拓展】
apply vt. & vi. 应用；申请；涂；有关→application n. →applicant n. 申请人
apply to sb for sth 向某人申请某物
apply to 适用于
apply … to … 把……应用于/涂抹在……之上
apply oneself to doing sth 致力于做某事
【即学即练】语法填空
①His ______________(apply) to the court for bail(保释) has been refused.
②What I am saying __________(apply) only to some of you.
③_____________(apply) are expected to have a good command of English.
application
applies
Applicants
Ⅱ 短语讲解
1．come up with 想出，想到
【原句】All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve these problems. (page 6) 他们都对如何解决这些问题提出了创造性的想法。
【拓展】
keep up with 与……同步，跟上(强调状态)
catch up with 跟上(强调动作)
put up with 忍耐，忍受；熬过
end up with 以……结束
【即学即练】用上面短语的适当形式填空
①The meeting ________________ an encouraging song.
②Our class _______________ the idea of making better use of used materials.
③People found it hard to ______________ so much advertising in TV series that a rule has been made to ban it.
ended up with
came up with
put up with
2．call for (公开)要求；需要
【原句】Some call for the application of modern technology, and others a change of lifestyle. (page 6) 一些人呼吁应用现代技术，另一些人则呼吁改变生活方式。
【拓展】
call on/upon 呼吁，号召；短暂访问
call (sb) back 再打电话；回电话
call off 取消；停止进行
call in 召来，叫来
【即学即练】语法填空/翻译句子
①Rescuers had to call ______ the search because of worsening weather conditions.
②他的演讲需要极大的勇气。
________________________________
off
His speech called for great courage.
Finish B3 on page 7 of the textbook.

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