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(共27张PPT)
Unit 4　
Scientists who changed the world
Section 3　Grammar and usage
Verb–ed forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements
1．Learn and understand verb–ed forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements；
2．Learn to use this grammar correctly.
定义(Definition)：规则动词的过去分词由动词原形后加–ed构成，不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。过去分词保留了动词的许多特征，因此在句中可以有自己的状语和逻辑主语。过去分词一般表示完成或被动的动作。过去分词在句中可做定语、宾语补足语、状语等，但不能单独做谓语。
Activity 1
Exploring the rules
规则探究
Ⅰ 选择正确的单词形式填空
1．Watching the ___________(finishing/finished) painting, Alice couldn’t help smiling.
2．The players___________(selecting/selected) from all around the country are expected to bring us honour.
3．The speaker raised her voice, tired of __________(hearing/heard) the excuses.
4．There are many _________(falling/fallen) leaves on the street.
5．_____________(Frightening/Frightened) by the noise outside, Sue dared not sleep in her bedroom.
finished
selected
hearing
fallen
Frightened
Ⅱ 用过去分词填空，并说明其在句中充当的成分
1．When _________________(tell) that his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly.
2．__________________(move) to tears, he stood there silently without a word.
3．The book is interesting and I’m ________________(interest) in it.
told(时间状语)
Moved(原因状语)
interested(表语)
4．__________________(give) another hour, I can also work out this problem.
5．____________________(plant) in rich soil, these seeds grow fast.
6．They use the same flag, ______________(know) as the Union Jack, …
7．They had castles ____________________(build) all around England, …
Given(条件状语)
Planted(原因状语)
known(定语)
built(宾语补足语)
Activity 2
Working out the rules
归纳总结
1．过去分词做定语
过去分词做定语的位置：
(1) 单个的过去分词做定语，通常放在被修饰词_______。
The ground was covered with fallen leaves.
地上满是落叶。
People shouldn’t be exposed to polluted water.
人们不应该接触被污染了的水。
之前
(2) 过去分词短语做定语，通常放在被修饰词_______，相当于___________。
I was instructed to carry out a plan supported by most people.
＝I was instructed to carry out a plan which was supported by most people.
我被要求执行一个多数人支持的计划。
之后
定语从句
2．过去分词做状语
过去分词做状语，表示动作发生的背景或情况，相当于一个___________，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，可以表示时间、条件、方式或伴随、让步、原因等。
(1) 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Asked about his impression of the apartment, he made no answer.
＝When he was asked about his impression of the apartment, he made no answer.
当被问到他对公寓的印象时，他没有回答。
状语从句
(2) 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
United, we stand; divided, we fall.
＝If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall.
团结则存，分裂则亡。
(3) 表示方式或伴随，可以转换成一个并列句。
The boy slid out of his room, followed by his pet dog.
＝The boy slid out of his room and was followed by his pet dog.
这个男孩溜出房间，后面跟着他的宠物狗。
(4) 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。
Rejected many times, the man didn’t lose heart.
＝Though the man was rejected many times, he didn’t lose heart.
虽然被拒绝了多次，这个人并没有失去信心。
(5) 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Seriously injured, he had to be taken to the hospital.
＝Because he was seriously injured, he had to be taken to the hospital.
由于他伤得很重，只好把他送往医院。
3．过去分词做宾语补足语
过去分词做宾语补足语说明宾语的性质或状态，宾语与过去分词之间为___________。在高中阶段，过去分词做宾语补足语的情况通常有以下几种：
被动关系
解释 例句
过去分词用在表示某种状态的动词keep、leave等的宾语的后面 They kept the door locked for a long time.
他们把门锁了好长一段时间。
Don’t leave the windows broken like this all the time.
不要让窗户一直像这样破着。
解释 例句
“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”可以表示两种含义：“让別人做某事”或“遭遇某种不幸” I have had my bike repaired.
我让人修理了我的自行车。
I must get my hair cut.
我得理发了。
Mary had her watch stolen the other day.
玛丽的手表在前几天被人偷了。
在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中过去分词表示结果 I raised my voice to make myself heard.
我提高了嗓门以便让别人听到我的话。
解释 例句
过去分词常用在感官动词watch、 see、 hear、 notice、 feel或行为动词find等后面做宾语补足语 When we got to school, we saw the gate locked.
当我们到学校时，我们看见大门锁着。
We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy raindrops.
我们可以听到大雨点敲打窗户的声音。
过去分词用在want、 wish、 like、 order等表示“希望、愿望、命令”的动词后做宾语补足语 I want the suit made to his own measure.
我想要照他自己的尺寸做这套衣服。
Everyone wishes the matter settled as soon as possible.
人人都希望这件事情尽快解决。
解释 例句
在“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系 The thief was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
小偷被带进来了，双手被绑在后面。
With the difficult problem handled, the boss smiled at her with satisfaction.
解决了这个难题，老板朝她露出满意的微笑。
Ⅰ 语法填空
1．It is surprising the young man ____________(appoint) to be our manager is a foreigner.
2．Different countries have different opinions about table manners ________(base) on different customs.
3．If this is the case, people ___________(addict) to shopping should go to a support group to help them break this habit.
4．Every year, 10,000 persons are killed by the accidents _________ (cause) by drunk driving.
Activity 3
Applying the rules
规则应用
appointed
based
addicted
caused
5．Remember to drink throughout exercise to make up for water ____ (lose) to sweat.
6．The girl likes reading books of all kinds and has a top 10 reading list and try to keep it __________(update).
7．We can better walk the “path of life” with the comfort, advice and help from our __________(trust) friends.
8．One of the ____________(schedule) events is a talk on the use of CGI in films.
9．____________(convince) that the boy was innocent, the old gentleman decided to help him.
lost
updated
trusted
scheduled
Convinced
10．___________(absorb) in collecting famous paintings by celebrities, the old man shows no interest in other things.
11．Athletes perform better both during exercise and while _________________(engage) in their sport when there is music.
12．___________(select) from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held.
13．___________(equip) with automatic fire alarm systems, the building is safer than the old ones.
14．__________(locate) on the top floor of Douglas Hall, the Wellness Centre is committed to physical, emotional and social health.
Absorbed
engaging/engaged
Selected
Equipped
Located
15．___________(direct) by the famous director, the film didn’t become a big hit as expected.
16．_______(leave) there, the old house can remind us of the past now and then.
17．Shooting, _____________(originate) as a means of survival, developed into a sport only in the late 19th century.
18．Friendship has a double advantage—happiness takes on a greater meaning and a trouble _________(share) becomes a trouble halved.
Directed
Left
originated
shared
Ⅱ 翻译句子
1．这将是这类小说中写得最好的。(过去分词做定语)
______________________________________
2．因为生长在农村，他们当中有一些人从未见过火车。(过去分词做状语)
____________________________________________________________
3．考虑到在下雨，我们应该带把伞。(Given that)
____________________________________________
This will be the best novel of its kind written.
Born and brought up in rural villages, some of them had never seen a train.
Given that it’s raining, we should bring an umbrella.
4．只要我的费用得到支付，我就同意去。(providing/provided that)
______________________________________________________
5．回到家，他发现家被盗。(过去分词做宾补)
______________________________________________
I will agree to go, providing/provided that my expenses are paid.
He found his house broken into when he got back home.
Ⅲ 语法填空
A new Chinese–built high–speed train was officially launched in Belgrade on Friday during a ceremony. The new train, with 250 seats and 1．____ speed of up to 200 km per hour, features intelligent ticket sales systems as well as convenient storage for bicycles and large luggage. It also provides wheelchair–friendly spaces and toilets, making it 2．__________ (access) to people with disabilities.
a
accessible
Serbia has ordered five trains from China for passenger transport along the Serbian part of the Belgrade–Budapest railway. The 350–km–long railway, a key project of China’s Belt and Road Initiative in Europe, is 3．________ construction by a group of Chinese companies. So far, the railway between Belgrade and Serbia’s second–biggest city 4．_____________________ (complete), with peak daily passenger numbers 5．___________(reach) 15,059．Once 6．__________(bring) into full operation, the railway will reduce travel time between the capitals from eight hours to just three, 7．________ is of great significance to economic and trade exchanges among the countries along the route.
under
has been completed
reaching
brought
which
“8．_________(local) turn up at our construction sites with water and home–cooked food for us，” said Duan Wei, an engineer working on the Serbian section. “They are 9．____________(extreme) kind.”
Serbian President Aleksandar Vucic hoped that with Chinese help Serbia 10．____________(start) building fast trains by themselves soon.
Locals
extremely
would start
Complete part B on page 49 of the textbook.

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