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Unit 7 Charities 语法+写作解析
一、语法解析
被动语态
(一)定义
*语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间语法或语义的关系。
*英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
*主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
(二)被动语态的构成
1.一般现在时：主语+am/is/are+动词过去分词
Eg: The room is cleaned every day.
房间每天被打扫。
2.一般过去时：主语+was/were+动词过去分词
Eg:The room was cleaned yesterday.
昨天房子被打扫。
(三)主动语态和被动语态的转换
*大多数"主语--谓语--宾语"的主动句都可以转换为被动句，方法如下：
主动语态：They planted a tree.
被动语态：A tree was planted(by them).
*注意：1.当主动语态变为被动语态时，如果需要强调施动者，便可将原句的主语(即施动者)置于by短语中表示出来。
Eg:They invited me to the party.
-- I was invited to the party by them.
他们邀请我去派对。
2.当主动句是"主语--谓语--宾语--宾语"结构时，有两种变化方式：
Eg: My father gave me a book.
-- I was gave a book by my father.
A book was gave me by my father.
我爸爸给我一本书。
注意：不能用被动语态的几种形式
1.open,write,read,sell,wash等词作为不及物动词时，它们的主动形式表示被动之意。
Eg: This kind of book sells well.(这种书卖得很好。)
2.当主动句的宾语是each other或反身代词时，不能用被动语态。
Eg: The boy can teach himself.
(这个小男孩能自学。)
3.当主动句的谓语动词表示一种状态或是不及物动词时，不用被动语态。
Eg: The coat fits her very well.
(这件衣服很合她的身。)
The accident happened last night.
(这个事故发生在昨晚。)
二、写作解析
Write your article about"Charities".
介绍联合国儿童基金会UNICEF
(一)提示:
1.It was founded/ set up in...
2.... was started in... with the aim of...
3.In addition/ Moreover/ Besides,...
4.It also makes great efforts to make sure...
5....provides...for...
6.We are lucky to have charities like ...
(二)写作步骤
定文体(记叙文)，
人称(第三人称)，
时态(一般现在时，一般过去时)
(三)范文
Have you heard of UNICEF It was set up in 1946, after World War II in Europe, with the aim of helping children and young people in difficult situations. It provides children with clean water and food. Besides, it helps children receive basic education. It wants all children to be healthy and to go to school. People can support UNICEF by donating money or working as volunteers. We are lucky to have charities like UNICEF. I think we should try our best to help all the children in need. It is meaningful work.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)

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