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/ 让学习更有效 期末培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 期末培优卷 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年八年级下册英语期末素养提升培优卷人教版（新教材）
注意事项：
本试卷满分120分；考试时间100分钟。
2．答卷前、考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在指定位置。
3．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸上的非答题区域均无效。
4．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸上的非答题区域均无效。
5．考试结束后，请将试卷交回。
Ⅰ. 选择填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从每小题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
1．With the help of his friends, he grew happier _______.
A．day by day B．hand in hand C．step by step D．one by one
2．—How is your new hobby of skiing going
—________, I have learned to ski very well with my instructor’s help.
A．So far B．Once in a while C．As a result D．In return
3．Eating too much fast food every day is considered ________ because it provides few nutrients and a lot of fat.
A．healthy B．unhealthy C．safe D．proper
4．—Did your team win the basketball game
—No, ________ we tried our best to fight until the last minute.
A．because B．not C．if D．though
5．Ms Brown always encourages me ________ afraid of making mistakes.
A．not to be B．not be C．to be D．being
6．People ________ the painful experience hidden in history for a long time.
A．forget B．forgot C．have forgotten D．will forget
7．—Have you ________ read the classic novel Oliver Twist
—Yes, it’s really good.
A．ever B．yet C．just D．never
8．Walking along the path with flowers on both sides is ________ enjoying a beautiful painting.
A．as well as B．so good as C．so well as D．as good as
9．The policeman ________ nobody has stolen the bone from the lab so far.
A．prove B．has proved C．proved D．proves
10．Linda practiced her speech many times so that she could pronounce every word ________ in front of the whole class.
A．nervously B．correctly C．carefully D．politely
11．My sister ________ already ________ her report about the famous writer Mo Yan.
A．has; finished B．have; finished C．is; finishing D．will; finish
12．We asked the teacher ________ us check the science project details before the festival.
A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped
13．Many volunteers ________ their time to help others in the community.
A．give up B．take up C．put up D．set up
14．When you visit a foreign country, it’s important to know about the local ________ to avoid misunderstanding.
A．languages B．customs C．history D．food
15．The teacher’s encouraging words _______ the students to work harder.
A．inspired B．forced C．allowed D．ordered
Ⅱ. 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was a cold winter night. I was reading in my bedroom when a terrible 16 swept through our village. The wind was blowing so hard. Soon, snow covered everything and the power went out.
My father said, “Stay 17 ! We still have candles.”
Suddenly, I 18 Mr. Smith, our neighbour. He lived alone. “Shall we go to see Mr. Smith I think he needs help,” I said to Dad, and he nodded.
We put on warm clothes and walked into the storm. Each step in the snow was difficult, 19 we kept going. When we finally reached his door, Mr Smith opened it slowly. His face was white with 20 . “The roof…just broke,” he said through shaking teeth. Since it was 21 to stay, Dad told him to come with us.
When we went back home, Mum prepared hot soup and blankets (毯子) for us. 22 , the storm stopped after four days. Neighbours all went out with tools to 23 the snow and checked on each other.
Mr Smith smiled for the first time in days. “Thank you 24 not leaving me alone,” he said. This experience taught 25 : even in the coldest weather, kindness brings the warmest light.
16．A．flood B．earthquake C．typhoon D．snowstorm
17．A．calm B．strong C．determined D．energetic
18．A．searched for B．felt like C．thought of D．worked on
19．A．and B．but C．so D．or
20．A．joy B．fear C．respect D．peace
21．A．safe B．healthy C．unsafe D．unhealthy
22．A．Sadly B．Thankfully C．Unfortunately D．Possibly
23．A．decorate B．build C．mark D．clear
24．A．for B．of C．in D．with
25．A．she B．her C．I D．me
Ⅲ. 阅读理解（共两节，25小题；满分45分）
第一节 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
A
The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake was a terrible disaster. It happened on May 12, 2008. Thousands of people lost their lives, and many more lost their homes. At that time, I was a student in a school near Wenchuan. When the earthquake started, I was in class. The teacher shouted, “Get under your desks!” We all hid under our desks quickly. After the shaking stopped, we ran out of the building. Outside, we saw many buildings destroyed. People were crying and looking for their family members.
Now, many years have passed. The people in Wenchuan have built new homes. They are living a better life. This disaster taught me that we should cherish our lives and help each other.
26．When did the Wenchuan earthquake happen
A．On May 12, 2007 B．On May 12, 2008
C．On June 12, 2008 D．On July 12, 2008
27．What was the writer doing when the earthquake started
A．He was at home B．He was having class at school
C．He was running outside D．He was looking for his family
28．What did the teacher ask the students to do during the earthquake
A．To run out of the building at once B．To stand by the windows
C．To hide under their desks D．To stay in the playground
29．What can we see after the shaking stopped
A．Many new tall buildings B．Many buildings were destroyed
C．People were singing happily D．Students were having classes as usual
30．What lesson did the writer learn from the disaster
A．We should build more tall buildings B．We should cherish lives and help each other
C．We should never stay at school D．We should move away from Wenchuan
B
When I was 14, I went to Australia as an exchange student. At first, I was nervous because I didn’t know much about Australian culture. On my first day at school, I met a girl named Lily. She smiled and said, “G’day, mate!” I didn’t understand what that meant, but I smiled back. Later, I learned that “G’day” means “good day” and “mate” means “friend”.
One day, Lily invited me to her home for dinner. When I arrived, I gave her mom a box of Chinese tea. She thanked me with a big smile. During dinner, I noticed that they ate with forks and knives. I tried my best to use them correctly. After dinner, I helped clean the table. Lily’s mom said, “You’re so polite!” I was happy to hear that.
31．How did the writer feel at first in Australia
A．Excited. B．Nervous. C．Bored. D．Angry.
32．What does “G’day, mate” mean
A．Goodbye, friend. B．Good day, friend.
C．Good luck, friend. D．Good morning, friend.
33．What did the writer give Lily’s mom as a gift
A．Some Australian food. B．A box of Chinese tea.
C．A nice knife and fork. D．A beautiful card.
34．What did Lily’s family use to eat dinner
A．Chopsticks. B．Spoons. C．Forks and knives. D．Hands.
35．Why was the writer happy after dinner
A．Because Lily’s mom said the writer was polite. B．Because the writer learned new English words.
C．Because the writer made many new friends. D．Because the writer liked Australian food.
C
What things are acceptable when you are at the dinner table and what things are serious breaches(违反)of manners
I will tell you some of the most important American table manners. When you sit down to eat, you should place the napkin (餐巾) across your lap (膝盖). You should never talk with your mouth full and should chew (咀嚼) with your mouth closed. If someone asks you a question while you are chewing, you should finish eating the food before answering. You should never drop scraps (残羹剩饭) on the table. Instead, place them on a spare plate. Besides, only put food on someone else’s plate if they ask for it. And if they say they don’t want anything else to eat or drink, then you shouldn’t give them anything else. Never use your knife or fork to point at others because it is rude.
In China, I know it’s rude to point with your chopsticks. It’s common practice to place food into friends’ bowls and to put drinks in their glasses even after they have said they don’t want any more. It’s fine to drop the scraps onto the table. Besides, talking while you’re eating is okay.
Manners are different all over the world and can even be different in different parts of a country. Have you ever seen foreigners do anything impolite Is there anything you have done that they might see as impolite
36．How does the writer start the passage
A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question.
C．By describing a custom. D．By giving an example.
37．Which is not one of the table manners in America according to Paragraph 2
A．Talking while eating.
B．Placing scraps on a spare plate.
C．When eating, place the napkin across your lap.
D．Never use your knife or fork to point at others.
38．What can we know from the passage
A．American people don’t talk with others at the dinner table.
B．It is common to place food into a friend’s bowl in America.
C．American people like asking others to eat as much as possible.
D．It is rude to point at others with the tableware (餐具) in America and in China.
39．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．Table manners in America. B．Manners all over the world.
C．How to behave well in China. D．American and Chinese table manners.
40．What would be the best structure of the passage
A．①②/③④ B．①/②③/④ C．①②③/④ D．①/②③④
D
Mount Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world, with a height of 8,848.86 meters. It lies on the border of China and Nepal. Climbing it is very dangerous because of thin air, low temperature and changeable weather. Before 1960, no one reached its top from the northern side, which was called the “Death Road”.
In 1960, a Chinese climbing team succeeded in reaching the top. They helped each other during the hard climb. Liu Lianman even let his teammates step on his shoulders to pass the difficult part. In 1975, another Chinese team brought a ladder to the mountain, making climbing easier for later climbers.
Today, more people want to climb Qomolangma. They climb it for curiosity, courage and the dream of challenging nature.
41．Where is Mount Qomolangma
A．Only in China B．On the border of China and Nepal
C．Only in Nepal D．In Africa
42．Why is climbing Qomolangma dangerous
A．Too high, thin air and change able weather B．Too hot and no water
C．Too many wild animals D．The road is too smooth
43．When did the Chinese team first reach the northern top of Qomolangma
A．In 1975 B．In 1960 C．In 1980 D．In 2000
44．What did Liu Lianman do to help his teammates
A．He brought a ladder B．He gave them food and water.
C．He let them step on his shoulders D．He called for help
45．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．The height of Qomolangma B．Chinese teams’ achievements on Qomolangma
C．The dangers of climbing mountains D．How to prepare for climbing
第二节 短文还原。（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Although we now have more free time than before, it seems that we don’t feel that way. We may often waste time on phones or other things. And lots of information and pictures make our minds tired. Then we don’t have enough time to relax. To fully relax, we need to make good use of our free time. 46
Think about your activities.
47 Think about the activities that you like to do in your free time. Plan your time well and make sure you can really enjoy yourself.
Try something new.
Don’t always play games in your free time. 48 You can try painting, cooking or something else. Doing something new can be an exciting way to spend your free time.
49
It’s important to put your phone away. If you keep it close to you, it can make your heart beat faster with all kinds of messages. This will make it harder for you to enjoy your free time.
True relaxation starts with using free time wisely. 50 Your mind and body will thank you.
A．Do something more meaningful.
B．Plan activities you enjoy, try new hobbies, and stay away from screens.
C．The more activities you plan, the more relaxed you will feel.
D．Here are some useful ways.
E．Put your phone away.
F．Do you want to exercise, go on a trip or just relax yourself
G．Sleep as much as you can.
Ⅳ. 补全对话（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。
A: Hi, Li Lin. You look a little worried. 51
B: Hello, Sofia! I’m going to a French dinner party. Could you give me some tips on French table manners
A: 52 .
B: What time should I arrive
A: You have to be about 15 minutes late because the hostess may not be ready.
B: 53
A: You should keep your elbows by your sides instead of putting them on the table.
B: 54 . One more question, when should I leave the table
A: You have to wait for the hostess. She will get up first. A few minutes later, you get up. Then you should have some coffee in the living room and thank the hostess.
B: 55 .
A: You’re welcome. Hope you’ll have a nice time.
V. 任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读短文, 根据短文内容要求完成各题。
People usually think volunteering (志愿服务) is just for adults. It seems hard for students like us. But it is totally different in Canada. The government encourages people of any age to volunteer in public and make contributions (贡献) to the whole society.
2. If students want to graduate from high school, 30 hours of volunteering is needed. If students want to get into a good university, it will help a lot if they contribute to society. Volunteering is an important point that universities will think about.
Besides, there are volunteer chances everywhere. People can find information about how to volunteer in the library or on the Internet. It includes many different jobs, such as wrapping (包装) gifts in a shopping mall, taking care of small kids or cleaning up a church. Students can choose what they want to do and register (注册) online.
I got my first volunteer (志愿者) job at New Westminster Museum and I worked there every Sunday from 10:00 am to 11:30 am. My job was to check the articles on a computer and correct mistakes. The museum is about the history of an important historical family in New Westminster. At first, I was nervous to talk with others. But as time passed, I became more open. During the course of volunteering, I not only learnt how to work with other volunteers but also learnt a lot of history about New Westminster.
3. 作为一名志愿者，我为自己感到自豪。I enjoy doing my job and helping others.
56．Where can people in Canada find information about how to volunteer
57．Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
58．Translate the underlined sentence into English.
59．What was the writer’s volunteer job in the museum
60．Give a proper title (题目) to the passage.
Ⅵ. 短文填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
Samuel Gibson has a kind of bone disease called ‘ciwawa’ in Chinese. That 61 (mean) bones are not strong enough and they can break very 62 (easy). He couldn’t walk or run. Even when he 63 (cough) or sneezed, there was a risk of breaking his bones. This disease brought so much trouble to 64 (he) and his family. He had to use a wheelchair to move around every day.
Although the situation was hard for him, he never gave up. He did lots of things that seemed impossible for him. He went to different places such as mountains and 65 (forest) in his wheelchair. What’s more, he took part in some dangerous sports 66 (get) money for those who had the same disease 67 him. He became a runner as well as a mountain 68 (climb). He fell out of his wheelchair when he was taking part in a running event and died.
His death made people feel very sad. He was small in body, 69 big in spirit. He taught us important 70 lesson: Where there is a will, there is a way. Everyone can control his or her own life and make it meaningful
Ⅶ. 书面表达（满分15分）
71．一次志愿体验，一份成长收获。假如你是李华，为了营造安全、有序、文明的出行环境，你所在的城市近日正在开展“交通志愿者”活动。你积极报名参加了该活动，并于上周日被安排在社区附近的路口执勤。请你根据以下提示写一篇英语日记，记录你的这次志愿者经历。
提示：◎What did you do as a traffic volunteer
◎How did you feel about the experience
要求：1. 文中须包含所有要点，可适当拓展；
2. 条理清晰，语句通顺，语法正确，书写规范；
3. 词数：不少于80词（开头已给出，不计入总词数）。
Sunday, 17 May Sunny
Today, I worked as a traffic volunteer at a crossing near my community.
/ 让学习更有效 期末培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 期末培优卷 | 英语学科
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参考答案及试题解析
1．A
【解析】句意：在朋友的帮助下，他一天天地变得更快乐了。
day by day一天天地，强调随时间渐进；hand in hand手拉手，侧重伴随状态；step by step一步一步地，侧重做事步骤；one by one一个接一个地，侧重顺序。根据“grew happier”可知，表示情绪逐渐变化的过程。结合语境，形容心情逐渐变好应用day by day。
2．A
【解析】句意：——你的新爱好滑雪进展如何？——到目前为止，在教练的帮助下我已经滑得很好了。
So far到目前为止；Once in a while偶尔；As a result结果；In return作为回报。根据问句询问进展，答句用现在完成时说明当前成果，So far常与现在完成时连用，符合语境。
3．B
【解析】句意：每天吃太多快餐被认为是不健康的，因为它提供很少的营养和大量的脂肪。
healthy健康的；unhealthy不健康的；safe安全的；proper适当的。根据“because it provides few nutrients and a lot of fat”可知，营养少且脂肪多对身体有害，因此是不健康的，unhealthy符合语境。
4．D
【解析】句意：——你们队赢了篮球比赛吗？——没有，尽管我们尽力拼到了最后一分钟。
because因为；not不；if如果；though虽然、尽管。根据答语“No”可知比赛输了，与后文“我们尽力拼到了最后一分钟”形成让步关系，though引导让步状语从句，符合语境。
5．A
【解析】句意：布朗女士总是鼓励我不要害怕犯错误。
固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，根据语境及逻辑可知是鼓励不要害怕犯错误，即encourage sb. not to do sth.。be afraid of是固定短语，表示“害怕……”，应填not to be。
6．C
【解析】句意：长久以来，人们已经淡忘了尘封在历史里的痛苦经历。
根据时间标志“for a long time”可知，该时态为现在完成时，强调动作从过去持续到现在，应填have forgotten。
7．A
【解析】句意：——你曾经读过经典小说《雾都孤儿》吗？——是的，它真的很不错。
ever曾经 (用于现在完成时疑问句或肯定句)；yet已经/还 (用于否定句或疑问句句末)；just刚刚 (用于肯定句)；never从不 (表否定)。根据问句是现在完成时的疑问句，且答句为肯定回答，应填“ever”。
8．D
【解析】句意：沿着两边都是花的小路散步就像欣赏一幅美丽的画。
肯定句中表示“和……一样”常用”as...as”结构，系动词is后接形容词作表语，good为形容词；as good as意为“像……一样好；几乎”。
9．B
【解析】句意：到目前为止，这位警察已经证明没有人从实验室偷走了骨头。
根据时间状语“so far”，句子应用现在完成时，主语“The policeman”是第三人称单数，助动词用 has，应填has proved。
10．B
【解析】句意：琳达多次练习她的演讲，以便她能在全班同学面前正确地发出每个单词的音。
nervously紧张地；correctly正确地；carefully仔细地；politely礼貌地。根据“practiced her speech many times”可知，反复练习是为了提高准确性，确保发音正确。correctly“正确地”符合题意。
11．A
【解析】句意：我姐姐已经完成了她关于著名作家莫言的报告。
has；finished是现在完成时第三人称单数形式；have；finished是现在完成时第一、二人称及复数形式；is；finishing是现在进行时；will；finish是一般将来时。根据句中标志性时间状语already可知，本句应用现在完成时；主语My sister是第三人称单数，助动词用has，finish的过去分词为finished，应填 has；finished。
12．B
【解析】句意：我们请求老师在节前帮我们核查科学项目细节。
ask sb. to do sth.“请求某人做某事”，因此用to help作宾语补足语。
13．A
【解析】句意：许多志愿者付出他们的时间来帮助社区里的其他人。
give up放弃、腾出；take up占据；put up张贴；set up建立。根据“their time to help others in the community”可知，此处是指志愿者腾出个人时间做志愿，空格处应填give up。
14．B
【解析】句意：当你访问一个外国时，了解当地的习俗以避免误解是很重要的。
languages语言；customs习俗；history历史；food食物。根据“to avoid misunderstanding”可知，了解当地的风俗习惯能有效避免文化差异带来的误解，应填customs。
15．A
【解析】句意：老师鼓励的话语激励学生们更加努力学习。
inspired激励；forced强迫；allowed允许；ordered命令。根据“The teacher’s encouraging words”可知，鼓励的话语应该是激励学生，应填inspired。
16．D 17．A 18．C 19．B 20．B 21．C 22．B 23．D 24．A 25．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了一个寒冷冬夜，暴风雪袭击村庄导致停电，作者一家冒雪帮助独居邻居Mr. Smith，最终邻里互助共度难关的温暖故事。
【解析】16．句意：一场可怕的暴风雪席卷了我们的村庄。
下文“snow covered everything”和“the wind was blowing so hard”表明，这是一场暴风雪，snowstorm“暴风雪”符合语境，flood“洪水”、earthquake“地震”和typhoon“台风”不符。
17．句意：爸爸说：“保持冷静！我们还有蜡烛。”
下文“We still have candles”表明，爸爸在安抚情绪，让大家冷静，calm“冷静的”符合语境，strong“强壮的”、determined“坚定的”和energetic“精力充沛的”不符。
18．句意：突然，我想到了我们的邻居Mr. Smith。
下文“Shall we go to see Mr. Smith ”表明，作者是突然想到了独居的邻居，thought of“想到”符合语境，searched for“搜寻”、felt like“感觉像”和worked on“从事”不符。
19．句意：雪中每一步都很艰难，但我们继续前进。
前文“difficult”与后文“kept going”构成转折关系，but“但是”符合语境，and“和”表并列、so“所以”表因果、or“或者”表选择，均不符。
20．句意：他的脸因恐惧而发白。
上文“The roof…just broke”和“through shaking teeth”表明，Mr. Smith处于极度恐惧中，fear“恐惧”符合语境，joy“喜悦”、respect“尊敬”和peace“平静”不符。
21．句意：由于待在那里不安全，爸爸让他跟我们走。
上文“The roof just broke”表明，房子已损坏，待在那里不安全，unsafe“不安全的”符合语境，safe“安全的”、healthy“健康的”和unhealthy“不健康的”不符。
22．句意：幸好，暴风雪在四天后停了。
下文邻居们出门互助，说明风暴停了是好事，Thankfully“幸好”符合语境，Sadly“悲伤地”、Unfortunately“不幸地”和Possibly“可能地”不符。
23．句意：邻居们都带着工具出去清除积雪，并互相查看情况。
暴风雪后需清理积雪，clear“清除”符合语境，decorate“装饰”、build“建造”和mark“标记”不符。
24．句意：谢谢你没有丢下我一个人。
Thank you for doing sth.“因做某事而感谢”，固定搭配。此处表示感谢对方没有离开，for“因为”符合语境，of、in、with均不构成此搭配。
25．句意：这次经历教会了我：即使在最冷的天气里，善良也能带来最温暖的光。
taught是动词，后接宾语，应用宾格me“我”，me符合语境，she“她”（主格）、her“她”（宾格但指代不符）、I“我”（主格）不符。
26．B 27．B 28．C 29．B 30．B
【导语】本文讲述了作者回忆2008年汶川大地震发生时的亲身经历，以及多年后汶川重建换新貌，从中感悟要珍惜生命、互帮互助。
【解析】26．根据第一段第二句“It happened on May 12, 2008.”可知，汶川地震发生在2008年5月12日。
27．根据第一段第四、五句“At that time, I was a student in a school near Wenchuan. When the earthquake started, I ... in class.”可知，地震发生时作者正在学校上课。
28．根据第一段第六句“The teacher shouted, 'Get under your desks!”可知，老师要求学生躲到桌子底下。
29．根据第一段倒数第二句“Outside, we saw many buildings destroyed.”可知，震动停止后，他们看到许多建筑物被毁了。
30．根据最后一段最后一句“This disaster taught me that we should cherish our lives and help each other.”可知，作者从灾难中学到的教训是珍惜生命并互相帮助。
31．B 32．B 33．B 34．C 35．A
【导语】本文记叙作者14岁赴澳大利亚做交换生的见闻，记述初识澳洲口语、做客莉莉家中的生活小事，展现异国文化差异与暖心交往经历。
【解析】31．原文第一段“At first, I was nervous because I didn’t know much about Australian culture.”指出作者刚到澳大利亚时内心紧张。
32．原文第一段“Later, I learned that ‘G’day’ means ‘good day’ and ‘mate’ means ‘friend’.”说明“G’day, mate”的含义是“Good day, friend”。
33．原文第二段“When I arrived, I gave her mom a box of Chinese tea.”表明，作者送给莉莉妈妈一盒中国茶叶作为礼物。
34．原文第二段“During dinner, I noticed that they ate with forks and knives.”点明莉莉一家人用餐使用刀叉。
35．原文第二段“Lily’s mom said, ‘You’re so polite!’ was happy to hear that.”因为莉莉的妈妈夸赞作者有礼貌，所以作者饭后很开心。
36．B 37．A 38．D 39．D 40．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国和中国不同的餐桌礼仪，包括在美国就餐时餐巾的摆放、咀嚼时的注意事项、食物残渣的处理等，以及中国就餐时用筷子指人、给朋友夹菜、将残渣掉在桌上和就餐时交谈等方面的礼仪，同时指出世界各地礼仪存在差异。
【解析】36．文章第一段第一句为“What things are acceptable when you are at the dinner table and what things are serious breaches of manners ”，这是一个疑问句。作者通过提出问题来引出文章话题。
37．根据第二段“You should never talk with your mouth full”以及第三段提到在中国“talking while you're eating is okay”可知，在美国吃饭时说话通常被认为是不礼貌的或不推荐的。而选项B(残渣放备用盘)、C(餐巾放膝上)、D(不用刀叉指人)均在第二段明确列为美国餐桌礼仪的要求。
38．根据第二段“Never use your knife or fork to point at others because it is rude.”以及第三段“In China, I know it's rude to point with your chopsticks.”可知，在美国用刀叉指人和在中国用筷子指人都是不礼貌的行为。选项 A 太绝对，文中只是说不要嘴里含着食物说话；选项 B 和 C 与美国礼仪相反(美国不随意夹菜，不强劝酒食)。
39．文章第二段详细介绍了美国的餐桌礼仪，第三段详细介绍了中国的餐桌礼仪，第四段总结礼仪的差异。文章主体内容是对比中美两国的餐桌礼仪，因此 D 选项“American and Chinese table manners”最能概括文章主旨。
40．文章结构分析如下：第一段通过提问引出话题；第二段和第三段分别具体阐述美国和中国不同的餐桌礼仪，属于文章主体部分；第四段总结全文并提出反思。因此文章结构为总—分—总，即①/②③/④。
41．B 42．A 43．B 44．C 45．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍珠穆朗玛峰的地理位置、攀登艰险的原因，记叙中国登山队两次登顶珠峰的突出事迹，同时说明如今人们攀登珠峰的缘由。
【解析】41．第一段“It lies on the border of China and Nepal.”，珠穆朗玛峰位于中国和尼泊尔边境。
42．第一段“Climbing it is very dangerous because of thin air, low temperature and changeable weather.”，危险原因包括稀薄的空气、低温、多变的气候。
43．第二段“In 1960, a Chinese climbing team succeeded in reaching the top.”，表明中国队首次从北坡登顶是在1960年。
44．第二段“Liu Lianman even let his teammates step on his shoulders to pass the difficult part.”，可知刘连满让队友踩自己肩膀翻越险段。
45．全文先简单介绍珠峰基础信息，核心段落讲述 1960、1975 年中国登山队的登山成就，最后补充现代人登山目的，文章核心内容围绕中国登山队在珠峰的成就展开。
46．D 47．F 48．A 49．E 50．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了尽管人们空闲时间增多，却因手机等信息感到疲惫，文章提出了如何明智利用空闲时间来获得真正放松的几条建议。
【解析】46．第一段“To fully relax, we need to make good use of our free time.”提出需要充分利用空闲时间，下文分别给出几条具体建议，因此此处需要一个引出建议的句子。选项D“Here are some useful ways.”意为“这里有一些有用的方法”，起到承上启下的作用，符合上下文逻辑。
47．第二段小标题为“Think about your activities.”，空格后“Think about the activities that you like to do in your free time.”是对这一建议的具体展开。选项F“Do you want to exercise, go on a trip or just relax yourself ”以问句形式引导读者思考自己的活动偏好，与本段主题一致，符合上下文逻辑。
48．第三段小标题为“Try something new.”，上文“Don’t always play games in your free time.”建议不要总是玩游戏，下文“You can try painting, cooking or something else.”举例说明新活动。选项A“Do something more meaningful.”意为“做一些更有意义的事”，符合上下文逻辑。
49．第四段主要内容是“It’s important to put your phone away. If you keep it close to you, it can make your heart beat faster...”，核心建议是把手机放远。选项E“Put your phone away.”直接概括本段主旨，且与段落首句完全呼应，符合上下文逻辑。
50．第五段“True relaxation starts with using free time wisely.”总结明智利用空闲时间的重要性，下文“Your mind and body will thank you.”是结果。选项B“Plan activities you enjoy, try new hobbies, and stay away from screens.”总结了前面三段的核心建议（思考活动、尝试新事物、远离屏幕），起到总结全文的作用，符合上下文逻辑。
51．What’s wrong with you/What’s the matter with you 52．Sure/Of course/No problem 53．What else should I pay attention to/What other table manners should I know 54．I see/I got it 55．Thank you very much/Thanks a lot
【导语】本文是A与B之间关于法国晚宴礼仪的求助对话。B因即将参加法国晚宴而感到担忧，向A询问餐桌礼仪注意事项，A逐一给出建议，包括到达时间、坐姿、离席时机等，最后B表示感谢。
【解析】51．前句提到“You look a little worried.”，后句B说明自己要去参加法国晚宴并询问礼仪，因此A应询问“你怎么了”或“发生什么事了”，自然引出B的困扰。故填What’s wrong with you/What’s the matter with you。
52．B请求对方提供法国餐桌礼仪的建议，A应表示同意或没问题，以承接对方的请求。故填Sure/Of course/No problem。
53．A已解答到达时间的问题，B接着询问其他注意事项，因此应问“我还应该注意什么”或“我还需要知道哪些餐桌礼仪”。故填What else should I pay attention to/What other table manners should I know。
54．A解释了手肘应放在身体两侧而非桌上，B应表示理解或明白，以便自然过渡到下一个问题。故填I see/I got it。
55．A完整解答了何时离席及后续做法，B作为求助者应表示感谢，A最后回复“You’re welcome.”，符合礼貌对话的结束逻辑。故填Thank you very much/Thanks a lot。
56．In the library or on the Internet. 57．如果学生想从高中毕业，需完成30小时的志愿服务。 58．As a volunteer, I am/feel proud of myself. 59．The writer’s job was to check the articles on a computer and correct mistakes./The writer checked the articles on a computer and corrected mistakes. 60．Volunteering in Canada
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了加拿大鼓励各年龄段的人参与志愿服务，介绍了志愿服务的要求、寻找途径以及作者的亲身经历和感受。
【解析】56．根据文章第3段“People can find information about how to volunteer in the library or on the Internet.”可知，人们可以在图书馆或互联网上寻找志愿服务信息。
57．“If students want to graduate from high school, 30 hours of volunteering is needed.”译为“如果学生想从高中毕业，需要30小时的志愿服务。”If“如果”，students“学生”，want to“想要”，graduate from high school“从高中毕业”，30 hours of volunteering“30小时的志愿服务”，is needed“需要”，被动语态。
58．“作为一名志愿者，我为自己感到自豪。”译为“As a volunteer, I am/feel proud of myself.”as“作为”，a volunteer“一名志愿者”，be/feel proud of“对……感到自豪”，句中时态为一般现在时，主语是I，be动词用am，myself“我自己”。
59．根据文章第4段“My job was to check the articles on a computer and correct mistakes.”可知，作者的工作是在电脑上检查文章并改正错误。
60．通读全文可知，文章主要围绕加拿大的志愿服务制度及经历展开，突出了志愿服务在加拿大的普及性，“Volunteering in Canada”可作为最佳标题。
61．means 62．easily 63．coughed 64．him 65．forests 66．to get 67．as 68．climber 69．but 70．an
【导语】本文讲述了Samuel身患脆骨病，骨骼脆弱、行动只能依靠轮椅，但他从不放弃生活，勇敢游历各地、参与运动筹款帮助病友，身虽弱小却精神强大，诠释了有志者事竟成的人生真谛。
【解析】61．句意：那意味着骨骼不够强壮，很容易断裂。主语“That”是单数，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式means。
62．句意：那意味着骨骼不够强壮，很容易断裂。此处修饰动词“break”，用easy的副词形式easily“容易地”。
63．句意：甚至当他咳嗽或打喷嚏时，都有骨折的风险。短文时态为一般过去时，cough的过去式是coughed。
64．句意：这种疾病给他和他的家人带来了很多麻烦。“to”后接宾格him“他”。应填him。
65．句意：他坐着轮椅去了不同的地方，比如山脉和森林。“forest”是可数名词，与“mountains”并列用复数forests。
66．句意：此外，他参加一些危险运动是为了给和他有同样疾病的人筹钱。此处表目的，用不定式to get“筹集”。
67．句意：此外，他参加一些危险运动是为了给和他有同样疾病的人筹钱。“the same...as...”是固定短语，意为“和……一样”。
68．句意：他成了一名跑步者，也是一名登山者。“mountain climber”是固定搭配，意为“登山者”，用climb的名词形式climber。
69．句意：他身体渺小，但精神伟大。“身体渺小”与“精神伟大”之间表转折，用but“但是”。
70．句意：他给我们上了重要的一课：有志者事竟成。“lesson”是可数名词单数，“important”以元音音素开头，表泛指用不定冠词an。
71．
例文
Sunday, 17 May Sunny
Today, I worked as a traffic volunteer at a crossing near my community.
Wearing a red vest, I held a small flag to guide people. When the light turned red, I stopped some runners politely. I also helped an old lady cross the street safely. Everyone smiled at me. Although I stood for two hours, I felt a bit tired. However, seeing the orderly traffic, I felt proud and happy.
This experience taught me the importance of following rules. It was really meaningful. I hope more people can join us to make our city safer and more civilized. I will never forget this special day.
【解析】写作步骤
[第一步：审题立意]
确定文体：日记，时态以一般过去时为主，辅以一般现在时表达感受
明确要点：围绕“交通志愿者的执勤经历与感受”展开，需涵盖做了什么、感受如何两个核心问题，可适当补充细节
确定人称：第一人称（I）
注意事项：不得透露真实信息，词数不少于80词
[第二步：构思布局]
三段式结构
开头段：用日记格式写明时间、天气，引出当天参加交通志愿者活动的核心事件
主题段：详细叙述志愿者活动的全过程，包括具体行为、遇到的情况及当时的状态
结尾段：总结这次活动带来的感受与收获，表达对未来的想法或期望
[第三步：要点展开]
要点一：开篇引入
worked as a traffic volunteer/signed up for the volunteer project/put on the volunteer uniform等
要点二：行动细节
held a small flag to guide people/stopped some runners politely/helped an old lady cross the street safely/waved a small flag to direct pedestrians/asked running citizens to pause in a polite way/gave a hand to an aged grandma to get across the street等
要点三：感受与收获
felt a bit tired but proud and happy/learned the importance of following traffic rules/hope more people would join to make the city safer/gained awareness of sticking to road safety rules等
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