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/ 让学习更有效 期末培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 期末培优卷 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年八年级下册英语期末素养提升培优卷外研版（新教材）
注意事项：
本试卷满分120分；考试时间100分钟。
2．答卷前、考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在指定位置。
3．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸上的非答题区域均无效。
4．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸上的非答题区域均无效。
5．考试结束后，请将试卷交回。
Ⅰ. 选择填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从每小题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
1．She ________ her grandmother when her parents were out.
A．looked for B．looked after C．looked at D．looked up
2．He asks ________ we can help protect the environment.
A．why B．what C．where D．how
3．The old photo ________ by my grandpa when he visited Beijing for the first time in 1980.
A．took B．was taken C．is taken D．takes
4．—Your package ________ here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here.
—That’s nice.
A．will keep B．will be kept C．has kept D．is kept
5．You ________ eat too much junk food. You’d better choose more fruit and vegetables.
A．shouldn’t B．needn’t C．may not D．couldn’t
6．She announced ________ she had stayed up late to review math formulas for three nights in a row to prepare for the exam.
A．how long B．if C．that D．whether
7．—__________ I borrow your ruler
—Yes, you may.
A．Can B．May C．Must D．Need
8．Could you tell me ________ the famous writer will arrive at our school hall this Friday
A．when B．how C．what D．where
9．— Could you spare a few minutes to explain this math problem to me I know you’re busy.
—________. I’m always glad to help you with your studies.
A．My pleasure B．It’s my pleasure C．With pleasure D．No pleasure
10．He ________ his hand to ask the teacher a question.
A．raised B．risen C．got D．rose
11．He ________ live in the countryside, but now he lives in a city.
A．used to B．is used to C．uses to D．was used to
12．This storybook is a bit ________ for my 7-year-old sister, but she still tries to read it every day.
A．terrible B．challenging C．exciting D．interesting
13．—How to build a great team —________ more and help each other.
A．Communicate B．Communicating C．To communicate D．Communicates
14．The road is all covered with thick snow. It _________ be very cold outside.
A．should B．can C．must D．might
15．She studies very hard every day. She _________ get good grades in the final exam.
A．might not B．can’t C．should D．may not
Ⅱ. 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
Have you visited any wonders Now let me tell you something about the Niagara Falls, one of the wonders of the 16 world. They’re 17 Canada and the United States. The falls are on a river that connects two of the Five Great Lakes. The Niagara Falls has 18 parts: the Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side, and the American Falls on the United States’ side. They are about 19 and 1,240 metres wide.
The Niagara Falls has three special falls. The tallest are the American and Bridal Veil Falls on the American side. The falls are colourfully lit up 20 night, and many people say they’re even more beautiful in winter, when the ground is covered with snow and water turns to 21 .
Most visitors go as 22 to the falls as possible, and watch the waters thundering down. The Niagara Falls 23 the waterfalls in mountains, where a thin stream of water comes down a mountainside, half-flying.
Above in the air, you will understand the real difference between the American and 24 Falls. The American Falls only gets about 10% of the water, while the Canadian Falls gets about 25 .
16．A．natural B．modern C．ancient D．wonderful
17．A．among B．between C．with D．across
18．A．three B．five C．two D．four
19．A．50 metre high B．50 metres high C．50-metre-high D．50-metres-high
20．A．on B．at C．in D．for
21．A．rain B．snow C．ice D．wind
22．A．more closely B．closely C．close D．closer
23．A．is different from B．is the same as C．is just like D．is similar to
24．A．the United States B．Canadian C．the United Kingdom D．Chinese
25．A．100% B．80% C．90% D．70%
Ⅲ. 阅读理解（共两节，25小题；满分45分）
第一节 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
A
Do you often have fights with your parents Many teenagers have this problem. As we grow up, we want more freedom, but parents always worry about us. They often tell us what to do and what not to do, which makes us upset. Here are some ways to get on well with parents.
First, communicate with them often. Don’t keep silent when you have different ideas. You can talk to them calmly and explain your thoughts. Second, understand their love. Parents care about you all the time. Their strict rules are just to keep you safe. Third, do small things to help them. You can help with housework, cook meals or just say “I love you” to them. These small things can make your parents happy.
Last, respect their opinions. Even if you don’t agree with them, don’t argue loudly. You can say “I’ll think about it” instead of fighting. Remember, parents are the people who love you most in the world. Good communication is the key to a good parent-child relationship.
26．What’s the main problem for teenagers in the passage
A．Having fights with parents. B．Having too much homework.
C．Having health problems. D．Having no friends.
27．How many ways does the writer give to get on well with parents
A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six.
28．What should you do when you have different ideas with parents
A．Keep silent. B．Argue loudly.
C．Talk calmly and explain. D．Do whatever you want.
29．Which is NOT mentioned as a small thing to help parents
A．Help with housework. B．Cook meals.
C．Buy expensive gifts. D．Say “I love you”.
30．What is the key to a good parent-child relationship
A．Freedom. B．Good communication.
C．Strict rules. D．Much money.
B
For Chen Sheng, a young man in Meitan, Guizhou Province, caring for the old people is more than a job. It’s a calling in his heart. Chen Sheng grew up with his grandparents, and his dream was to take care of more old people. After finishing school with a degree (学位) in healthcare, Chen Sheng completed eight months of training in a local hospital and started to work in a nursing home.
In his early working days, what he met was more difficult than he thought. He got up at 6 a.m. to help with morning tasks. He provided full bedside care, especially for the old people who had to stay in bed all the time. Often, his day didn’t end until 11 p.m. He wanted to give up at first, but after a period, the warmth and trust he got from the old changed his mind.
Using his healthcare knowledge, Chen Sheng takes care of old people in a right way, including body check, health guidance, advice on food and so on. “I arrived at the nursing home with lots of illnesses and could only lie in bed. After two months of good care by Chen Sheng, I was able to walk again by myself. Life here is very convenient, just like at home,” said Grandpa Li.
Moreover, Chen Sheng gives emotional (情感的) support. He always offers comfort in time when a grandpa or a grandma is sad. Grandma Sun likes to talk with Chen Sheng every day and always shares the things she thinks valuable. Grandma Sun feels warm and happy because of Chen Sheng. Her family thanks him for his great love.
As the needs for elderly care continue to grow, more and more young people, including those born after 2000, have come to work in nursing homes. They are making every effort to take good care of old people and make them live a happy life.
31．What can we learn from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1
A．Nursing is hard and tiring work.
B．The old people call Chen Sheng for nursing.
C．Chen Sheng shows his deep love for nursing.
D．Chen Sheng dreams about a better job than nursing.
32．According to the passage, what did Chen Sheng do for the old people in his early working days
a. He made breakfast.
b. He helped with morning tasks.
c. He provided full bedside care.
d. He cleaned the rooms daily.
A．ab B．bc C．cd D．ad
33．Which of the following can best describe Chen Sheng according to the passage
A．Clever and rich. B．Serious and brave.
C．Warm-hearted and patient. D．Helpful and humorous.
34．What can we infer (推断) from the passage
A．Normally, Chen Sheng had to work till midnight in his working days.
B．Young people enter the nursing industry because it’s a well-paid job.
C．Grandpa Li was able to walk by himself before coming to the nursing home.
D．Chen Sheng’s growing experience encouraged him to work in the nursing home.
35．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) towards Chen’s behavior
A．Positive. B．Curious. C．Doubtful. D．Uncertain.
C
The Horsetail Fall is one of Yosemite National Park’s most amazing views. Around the second week of February, the setting sun hits the Horsetail Fall at just the right angle to light the upper parts of the waterfall. And when conditions are right, the Horsetail Fall becomes orange and red at sunset. It is like red-hot lava (岩浆) pouring down from the top of the El Capitan. So, it got the name “firefall”.
The firefall is a perfect match of the weather, the fall, the time and the watching place. It usually appears on dry, warm and cloudless days. There must be enough flowing water to make a firefall too. So there must be enough snow on the mountain top, and it turns into water on warm afternoons.
The sun goes to the best place before the fall in late February. And the best time to watch the fall is 5 to 15 minutes before the sunset. Only at this time can visitors see the firefall. The El Capitan Picnic Area is the best place to watch, because it is close to the fall and is perfect for setting up cameras and tents.
Every year in February, thousands of photographers come to watch the firefall. Although the view may appear just minutes before sunset, many of them have to come hours earlier to get a right place to set their cameras in time. “I’m just saying that the Yosemite Firefall is something you don’t want to miss during the winter,” says Kate Moore, a traveller.
36．What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about
A．When we can see the firefall. B．How the firefall got its name.
C．Where Yosemite National Park is. D．How many tourists visit the firefall.
37．When may travellers see the Horsetail Fall like red-hot lava
A．In February. B．In July. C．In October. D．In December.
38．What can we know about the firefall
A．It lasts for half an hour before the sunset.
B．It usually appears on wet, warm and cloudy days.
C．Rivers provide enough flowing water to make a fall.
D．Its best watching place is the El Capitan Picnic Area.
39．What can we infer from the words of Kate Moore in the last paragraph
A．The firefall just brings us little surprise.
B．The firefall is a common natural wonder.
C．It’s really dangerous to watch the firefall.
D．The firefall is wonderful to watch.
40．What’s the best title for the passage
A．A Wonderful National Park B．Great Scenery Worth Visiting
C．A Place to Watch Red-hot Lava D．A World-famous Man-made Wonder
D
When I was in Grade 8, our teacher gave us a group project: to build a model bridge that could hold at least 5 kilograms (千克). At first, I wanted to do everything by myself. I thought I could finish it quickly and perfectly. But I soon found it was harder than I expected.
My group had four members: Lily, Tom, Jack and me. Lily was good at drawing, Tom was strong and good at cutting materials, Jack was careful with measurements, and I was good at designing. We decided to divide the work. Lily drew the design, Tom cut the wood, Jack checked the measurements, and I put the parts together.
One day, we had a problem: the bridge kept falling apart. We argued about how to fix it. Lily said we should change the design, Tom wanted to use stronger glue, and Jack thought we needed to add more supports. Finally, we decided to try all three ideas. We worked together until late in the afternoon, and the bridge became strong enough to hold 8 kilograms.
In the end, our bridge won the first prize. I learned that teamwork is not just about dividing work—it’s about listening to others’ ideas and working together to solve problems.
41．What was the group project
A．To build a model house. B．To build a model bridge.
C．To draw a bridge design. D．To carry 5 kilograms.
42．What was Lily good at
A．Cutting materials. B．Designing.
C．Drawing. D．Measuring.
43．Why did the group argue
A．They couldn’t finish the project on time.
B．The bridge kept falling apart.
C．They didn’t want to work together.
D．They didn’t have enough materials.
44．What did they do to fix the bridge
A．They changed the design only.
B．They used stronger glue only.
C．They added more supports only.
D．They tried all three ideas.
45．What did the writer learn from the project
A．Teamwork is about dividing work.
B．Teamwork is about listening to others and working together.
C．Working alone is better than teamwork.
D．Winning the prize is the most important thing.
第二节 短文还原。（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根据短文内容从下面方框内的七个选项中选择五个还原到文中，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。一空一句。
A survey shows that the number of lonely adults is increasing. According to recent research, loneliness (孤独) can have harmful effects on health. So if you feel lonely at times, be sure to care about it. Here are some tips for you to avoid being lonely.
Make time to meet people
Maybe it seems that you don’t have time to meet new friends, but you need to consider (考虑) your social life first. 46 You can even offer to take a neighbor’s dog for a walk. The neighbor will surely like to make friends with you.
47
Without doubt, it’s difficult for you to meet like-minded people. However, the Internet can easily bring people with the same interests together. So it is easy to build an online friend community. Try some safe websites, which list local groups and events, bringing people with common interests together.
Know more about your friends
In order to find possible friends, try to know more about them. What do they like doing Join one of their activities. What subject are they interested in 48 In this way, you can know each other much better.
Work as volunteers
Volunteering is good for both body and mind. It gives you the chance to communicate with people. Helping at the local food store or in a charity (慈善) shop will give you a warm feeling and you’ll get to know other volunteers. 49
Plan ahead
50 Rather than just suggesting meeting together, carry it out with an exact date and a careful plan. If you plan to meet more people, making a survey about the plan ahead of time will make the meeting more successful.
A．Find out more about it and discuss it with them.
B．Build your community online
C．There are so many ways you can talk face to face now.
D．Everyone’s busy, so getting people together needs a good plan.
E．It’ll also give you something to talk about with friends and family.
F．Instead of checking your phone, go for a walk and chat with someone.
G．If you want to meet someone, just do it!
Ⅳ. 补全对话（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据下面的对话情景，在空白处填入一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。
A: Hi, Mike. I called you last night, but you didn’t pick up. 51
B: Oh, sorry, Peter, I was preparing for the English speech contest.
A: Are you ready for it
B: Yeah. I’ve been expecting it for a long time.
A: 52
B: The topic of my speech is Chinese stories. I’ll take Kuafu Chases the Sun as an example.
A: I’ve heard this story before. I like it very much.
B: 53
A: I think he is brave, responsible and selfless (无私的).
B: I agree with you. By the way, why did you call me last night
A: Oh, I almost forgot. Have you got any plans for the coming weekend
B: Not really. I just want to do something to relax myself. You know, I’ve been stressed out these days.
A: How about going to Yuntai Mountain with me 54
B: Sounds great. 55
A: Let’s meet at 8:00 a.m. this Saturday at my home. My father will drive us there.
B: OK. See you then!
A: See you.
V. 任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，简略回答问题
There are many waterfalls in China. Some are big, and some are small. They are all beautiful. Today I’ll introduce four of them to you.
Huangguoshu Waterfall, which sits in Anshun City, Guizhou Province, is the largest waterfall in China and one of the most famous natural wonders in Asia. With a height of 77.8 meters and a width of 101 meters, it looks like a “white curtain” pouring from the sky, producing thunderous sounds. Every year, millions of people come to visit this natural wonder.
Sanxia Waterfall in Yichang, Hubei is a great natural landscape in China. It is one of the widest waterfalls and many people think it is the No.1 waterfall in the world.
Hukou Waterfall, located on the Yellow River at the border of Shanxi Province and Shaanxi Province in northern China, is one of the most powerful waterfalls in the country. Known for its amazing yellow-hued water and thunderous sound, it is the second largest waterfall in China (after Huangguoshu Waterfall). People can hear the sound from far away.
Lushan Waterfall in Jiangxi is very beautiful. It’s well-known in China and the world because of the poem (诗) by Li Bai: It plunges straight down three thousand feet. As if the Silver River were falling from the Ninth Heaven.
56．How high is Huangguoshu Waterfall
57．Where is Sanxia Waterfall
58．What is Hukou Waterfall known for
59．Why is Lushan Waterfall well-known in China and the world
60．Which waterfall do you like best Why
Ⅵ. 短文填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
Valentina Tereshkova is the first woman to go into space in the world. She was born into a poor family in a small village in the west of Russia on 6th March 1937. When she was two years old, her father d 61 . This made her family even poorer. Like o 62 little girls, Tereshkova liked new clothes, b 63 her family couldn’t afford (承担得起) to buy them. She worked hard as a worker, and she also studied what she was interested in. In her f 64 time, she even learned to parachute (跳伞).
In the 1960s, the Soviet Union (苏联) was in competition with America. The Soviet Union started training women for space and Tereshkova was l 65 to be chosen (被挑选). On 16th June 1963, she took the spaceship Vostok-6 and flew into s 66 . She became the world’s f 67 female (女性的) astronaut. In three days, she went a 68 the earth 48 times. However, before she went into space, many people thought it was i 69 for women to do such difficult work like men, but she was successful.
Her story has inspired (激励) people all o 70 the world to go after their dreams.
Ⅶ. 书面表达（满分15分）
71．在学习和生活中，每个人都会有苦恼的事。生地会考在即，八年级的学生压力骤增。假设你叫Lucy，你的好朋友Mary遇到了一些烦恼的事。请根据下面的提示，给她写一封80词左右的邮件，并提出自己的建议。开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：生物biology 地理geography
Worries 生物、地理太难、 成绩差
与父母相处得不好
害羞、在学校没有朋友
……
写作要求：
（1）语句通顺；表达正确。
（2）内容必须包括提示的信息；可适当发挥。
（3）文章的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。词数：80词左右。
Dear Mary,
I’m sorry that you have so many problems. Here is my advice for you.
/ 让学习更有效 期末培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 期末培优卷 | 英语学科
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
参考答案及试题解析
1．B
【解析】句意：当她的父母外出时，她照顾她的祖母。
looked for寻找；looked after照顾；looked at看；looked up查阅。根据后面“when her parents were out”可知父母外出，家里需要有人照顾祖母，所以looked after符合语境。
2．D
【解析】句意：他询问我们如何帮助保护环境。
ask后面是宾语从句，从句主干完整，排除连接代词what。结合句意，这里指“方式、方法”，应用how。
3．B
【解析】句意：这张旧照片是 1980 年我爷爷第一次访问北京时被拍摄的。
took拍（过去式，主动）；was taken被拍（一般过去时被动）；is taken被拍（一般现在时被动）；takes拍（第三人称单数主动）。主语“the old photo”与动词“take”之间是被动关系（照片被拍），且时间状语“in 1980”表示过去，故应用一般过去时的被动语态“was taken”。
4．B
【解析】句意：——你的包裹将会被保存在这里直到你回来，所以在这里尽情购物吧。——太好了。
until引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句应用一般将来时；且主语“Your package”与动词“keep”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，所以应用一般将来时的被动语态，应填will be kept。
5．A
【解析】句意：你不应该吃太多垃圾食品。你最好选择更多的水果和蔬菜。
shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不必；may not可能不；couldn’t不能。根据后句“You’d better choose more fruit and vegetables.”可知此处是给出健康建议，吃太多垃圾食品对身体有害，所以建议“不应该”吃。
6．C
【解析】句意：她宣称自己连续三晚熬夜复习数学公式来备考。
that引导陈述句作宾语从句；how long（多久）引导特殊疑问句，if/whether（是否）引导疑问含义的宾语从句。从句是完整陈述事实，无疑问语义，因此用that。
7．B
【解析】句意：——我可以借你的尺子吗？——是的，你可以。
Can能；May可以；Must必须；Need需要。根据答语“Yes, you may.”可知，问句是请求许可，且答语中使用了may，问句也应保持一致使用May。
8．B
【解析】句意：你能告诉我这位著名作家这周五将如何到达我们学校礼堂吗？
when何时，用于询问时间。how如何，用于询问方式。what什么，用于询问事物。where哪里，用于询问地点。句中已经给出了地点our school hall和日期this Friday，需要询问的是作家到来的方式，因此用how。
9．C
【解析】句意：——你能抽出几分钟给我解释一下这道数学题吗？我知道你很忙。——很乐意。我总是很乐意帮助你学习。
问句是请求帮助，回答表示答应。With pleasure用于愉快地答应别人的请求；My pleasure和It’s my pleasure通常用于回答别人的感谢。根据语境是请求帮助而非感谢，故排除 A、B。D 项不符合礼貌用语习惯。应填With pleasure。
10．A
【解析】句意：他举起手来问老师一个问题。
raised举起；risen上升；got得到；rose上升。“raise”是及物动词，意为“举起”，后接宾语；“rise”是不及物动词，意为“上升”，后不接宾语。根据“his hand”可知，需用及物动词，且动作发生在过去，用过去式raised。
11．A
【解析】句意：他过去住在乡下，但现在他住在城市里。
used to do sth.过去常常做某事（现在已不做）；is used to doing sth.习惯于做某事；uses to无此用法；was used to do sth.被用来做某事。根据“but now he lives in a city”可知前后形成对比，设空处表示过去的状态，used to后接动词原形，表示“过去常常”，符合语境。
12．B
【解析】句意：这本故事书对我7岁的妹妹来说有点有挑战性的，但她仍然每天努力读它。
terrible糟糕的；challenging有挑战性的；exciting令人兴奋的；interesting有趣的。根据转折连词“but”及后半句“she still tries to read it every day”可知，书对妹妹来说有难度，但她仍坚持阅读，challenging符合语境。
13．A
【解析】句意：——如何建立一个优秀的团队？——多沟通，并且互相帮助。
根据问句可知，答句是针对建立团队的方法提出建议。在英语中，表示建议或指令时常使用祈使句，祈使句以动词原形开头；且空后连词“and”连接了动词原形“help”，根据并列结构前后一致原则，空格处也应填动词原形。
14．C
【解析】句意：这条路全部被厚厚的积雪覆盖了。外面一定非常冷。
should应该；can可能；must一定；might可能，也许。根据题干中“道路被厚厚的积雪覆盖”这一前提，可知外面一定很冷，符合must的用法。
15．C
【解析】句意：她每天学习很努力。她应该在期末考试中取得好成绩。
might not可能不；can’t不可能；should应该；may not可能不，根据“She studies very hard every day.”可知，此处表示“按常理应该会考好”，should表理应如此的推测。
16．A 17．B 18．C 19．B 20．B 21．C 22．C 23．A 24．B 25．C
【导语】本文介绍了世界自然奇观之一——尼亚加拉大瀑布的地理位置、组成部分、特色景观以及美国瀑布与加拿大瀑布的水量差异。
【解析】16．句意：现在让我告诉你一些关于尼亚加拉瀑布的事情，它是世界自然奇观之一。
根据常识，尼亚加拉瀑布是著名的自然景观，natural意为“自然的”，符合语境。modern意为“现代的”，ancient意为“古代的”，wonderful意为“美妙的”，均不符合语境。
17．句意：它们位于加拿大和美国之间。
根据后文提到“the Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side, and the American Falls on the United States’ side”可知，瀑布位于两国交界处，表示“在两者之间”应用between。among意为“在……之中（三者或以上）”，with意为“和”，across意为“穿过”，均不符合语境。
18．句意：尼亚加拉瀑布有两个部分：加拿大一侧的马蹄瀑布和美国一侧的美国瀑布。
根据后文明确列出了两个部分（the Horseshoe Falls和the American Falls）可知，尼亚加拉瀑布由两部分组成。因此，two意为“两个”，符合语境。three意为“三个”，five意为“五个”，four意为“四个”，均不符合语境。
19．句意：它们大约50米高，1240米宽。
根据原文“about ...and 1,240 metres wide”可知，此处应描述瀑布的高度。表示“50米高”的正确表达为“50 metres high”，metre应用复数形式metres。50 metre high（名词单数形式错误），50-metre-high（复合形容词形式，但此处作表语而非定语），50-metres-high（复合形容词中名词不用复数），均不符合语境。
20．句意：瀑布在夜晚被彩灯照亮，许多人说冬天瀑布更美，那时大地被雪覆盖，水变成了冰。
根据固定搭配“at night”意为“在夜晚”。on意为“在……上面”，in意为“在……里面”，for意为“为了”，均不能与night构成此搭配。
21．句意：许多人说冬天瀑布更美，那时大地被雪覆盖，水变成了冰。
根据前文“when the ground is covered with snow”以及冬季气温低可知，水会结冰。因此，ice意为“冰”，符合语境。rain意为“雨”，snow意为“雪”，wind意为“风”，均不符合语境。
22．句意：大多数游客尽可能地走近瀑布，看着水轰鸣而下。
根据“as ... as possible”中间应用形容词或副词原级，且此处修饰动词go，表示“靠近地”应用副词close。closely意为“密切地、仔细地”，more closely为比较级，closer为比较级，均不符合“as ... as possible”结构中对原级的要求。
23．句意：尼亚加拉瀑布不同于山中的瀑布，在那里一股细流从山腰飞流而下。
根据后文描述山中瀑布是“a thin stream of water”而尼亚加拉瀑布水量巨大可知，二者是不同的。因此，is different from意为“与……不同”，符合语境。is the same as意为“与……相同”，is just like意为“就像”，is similar to意为“与……相似”，均不符合语境。
24．句意：在空中，你会真正理解美国瀑布和加拿大瀑布之间的区别。
根据后文“The American Falls only gets about 10% of the water, while the Canadian Falls...”可知，此处对比的是美国瀑布和加拿大瀑布。因此，Canadian意为“加拿大的”，符合语境。the United States意为“美国”，the United Kingdom意为“英国”，Chinese意为“中国的”，均不符合语境。
25．句意：美国瀑布只获得大约10%的水量，而加拿大瀑布获得大约90%。
根据前文提到美国瀑布只占10%，且加拿大瀑布与美国瀑布构成对比，两者水量总和应为100%，因此加拿大瀑布约占90%。100%与10%不能构成合理分配，80%和70%均与90%不符，因此90%符合语境。
26．A 27．B 28．C 29．C 30．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要围绕青少年常和父母发生争吵的问题展开，介绍了四种和父母和睦相处的方法，倡导青少年学会沟通、体谅父母。
【解析】26．文章开篇第一、二句 “Do you often have fights with your parents Many teenagers have this problem.” 点明青少年的主要问题是和父母吵架。
27．根据文章主体部分可知，作者提出了四条建议“First, communicate with them often; Second, understand their love; Third, do small things to help them; Last, respect their opinions”。共计四条。
28．原文第二段“Don’t keep silent when you have different ideas. You can talk to them calmly and explain your thoughts.” 说明意见不一致时要冷静沟通、阐明想法。
29．原文第二段“You can help with housework, cook meals or just say ‘I love you’ to them” 提到三件小事。“Buy expensive gifts” 文中没有提及。
30．文章末尾“Good communication is the key to a good parent-child relationship.” 点明良好沟通是维系亲子关系的关键。
31．C 32．B 33．C 34．D 35．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍陈胜因成长经历选择从事养老护理，用真心照料老人传递温暖。
【解析】31．划线句“It’s a calling in his heart.”意思是“这是他心中的使命”，结合前文“caring for the old people is more than a job. ”能看出陈胜对这份护理工作有深厚的热爱与使命感。
32．原文第二段提到“He got up at 6 a.m. to help with morning tasks. He provided full bedside care...”，指出他会帮助完成早上任务，以及提供全面的床边护理，对应b和c两项。
33．结合第二段“He got up at 6 a.m. to help with morning tasks. He provided full bedside care, especially for the old people who had to stay in bed all the time.”、第三段“Using his healthcare knowledge, Chen Sheng takes care of old people in a right way, including body check, health guidance, advice on food and so on.”以及第四段“Moreover, Chen Sheng gives emotional (情感的) support. ”可知，陈胜耐心照顾卧床老人、提供情感陪伴、让老人恢复健康，这些行为体现了他热心肠、有耐心的特点。
34．第一段提到“Chen Sheng grew up with his grandparents, and his dream was to take care of more old people”，说明成长经历鼓励了他从事这份工作。
35．全文都在讲述陈胜照顾老人的暖心事迹，能看出作者对他的行为是积极、肯定的态度。
36．B 37．A 38．D 39．D 40．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国约塞米蒂国家公园的马尾瀑布在二月份特定天气和时间条件下形成的“火瀑”奇观，包括其名称由来、形成条件、最佳观赏时间和地点。
【解析】36．第一段介绍了马尾瀑布在日落时变成橙红色，像炽热的岩浆从埃尔卡皮坦山顶倾泻而下，因此得名“火瀑”，所以本段主要讲“火瀑如何得名”。
37．由第一段“Around the second week of February”和第三段“The sun goes to the best place before the fall in late February”可知，游客在二月可以看到马尾瀑布像炽热的岩浆。
38．由第三段“The El Capitan Picnic Area is the best place to watch”可知，最佳观赏地点是埃尔卡皮坦野餐区。
39．由最后一段Kate Moore的话“the Yosemite Firefall is something you don’t want to miss during the winter”可知，火瀑是一个不容错过的奇观，因此可以推断她认为火瀑是值得观赏的。
40．全文介绍火瀑这一自然奇观的形成和观赏信息，因此最佳标题为“Great Scenery Worth Visiting”（值得一游的美景）。
41．B 42．C 43．B 44．D 45．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了作者八年级时和组员一起完成承重桥梁模型小组作业，四人根据各自特长分工合作，中途桥梁总散架，大家各有想法、一起商量尝试，最终做出能承重8千克的桥梁并获一等奖。
【解析】41．根据第一段“our teacher gave us a group project: to build a model bridge that could hold at least 5 kilograms”可知，小组任务是制作一座能承重至少5千克的桥梁模型。
42．根据第二段“Lily was good at drawing”可知，Lily擅长画画。
43．根据第三段“we had a problem: the bridge kept falling apart. We argued about how to fix it.”可知，组员吵架是因为桥总是散架。
44．根据第三段“Finally, we decided to try all three ideas… the bridge became strong enough to hold 8 kilograms.”可知，为了修复桥他们尝试了Lily、Tom和Jack提出的所有三个想法。
45．根据最后一段“it’s about listening to others’ ideas and working together to solve problems”可知，作者的感悟是：团队合作不只是分工，更要倾听他人想法、协作解决问题。
46．F 47．B 48．A 49．E 50．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了孤独对健康的危害，并提供了五条避免孤独的建议，包括腾出时间与人见面、建立线上社区、多了解朋友、参加志愿活动以及提前做好聚会计划。
【解析】46．根据文章第2段“Maybe it seems that you don’t have time to meet new friends, but you need to consider your social life first.”可知此处需要具体的行动建议。选项F提出了具体的外出交流方式，与后文“遛狗”形成并列举例，逻辑连贯。
47．根据文章结构，其他四条建议均有加粗的小标题，且该空白后的一段内容主要讲述互联网如何帮助人们找到志同道合的朋友。选项B符合小标题的祈使句格式，且概括了该段主旨。
48．根据文章第4段“What subject are they interested in ”可知此处应针对该问题给出回应。选项A的it指代前文的“subject”，且该做法能引出后文的“增进了解”。
49．根据文章第5段“Helping at the local food store or in a charity shop will give you a warm feeling and you’ll get to know other volunteers.”可知此处是在列举志愿活动的好处。选项E进一步补充了额外的好处，关键词also与前文好处形成递进。
50．根据文章第6段标题“Plan ahead”及后文“Rather than just suggesting meeting together, carry it out with an exact date and a careful plan.”可知本段强调计划的重要性。选项D解释了为什么需要提前计划，与上下文因果关系紧密。
51．What were you doing /… 52．What’s the topic of your speech /What’s your speech about /… 53．What do you think of Kuafu /How do you like Kuafu /How do you feel about Kuafu /… 54．Climbing mountains is a good way to relax yourself./Climbing mountains can help reduce your pressure./It is a good way to relax yourself./It can make you relaxed./It’s very beautiful./… 55．When and where shall we meet /…
【导语】本文是一段情景交际对话，Peter昨晚打电话没能联系上Mike，二人碰面后，聊起Mike正在备战英语演讲比赛的相关内容，之后Peter邀约Mike周末同游云台山，双方商议集合的时间与地点。
【解析】51．Peter昨晚致电Mike无人接听，结合答句Mike在准备英语演讲，此处需要询问对方昨晚在做什么，例如可用“What were you doing ”衔接下文，同义句型均可。
52．Mike表示已经为演讲做好准备，后文Mike介绍演讲主题，此处需要提问演讲相关内容。
53．Peter表示听过夸父的故事并且很喜欢，下文Peter说出自己对夸父的人物评价，此处需要询问对方对夸父的看法。
54．Mike坦言近期压力大想要放松，Peter提议一起去云台山，空格需要补充爬山出游的好处，本空为开放性试题，答案多样化，句意贴合爬山放松即可。
55．Mike赞同出游提议，后文敲定周六早上八点在Peter家碰面，此处需要询问碰面的时间和地点。
56．77.8 meters. 57．In Yichang, Hubei. 58．Its amazing yellow-hued water and thunderous sound. 59．Because of the poem by Li Bai. 60．I like Huangguoshu Waterfall best, because it is the largest waterfall in China.
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国四个著名的瀑布（黄果树瀑布、三峡瀑布、壶口瀑布和庐山瀑布）的基本情况。
【解析】56．文章第二段“With a height of 77.8 meters and a width of 101 meters”明确提到黄果树瀑布的高度为77.8米，答案是原文直接信息。
57．文章第三段“Sanxia Waterfall in Yichang, Hubei is a great natural landscape in China.”点明三峡瀑布位于湖北宜昌，可提取原文。
58．文章第四段“Known for its amazing yellow-hued water and thunderous sound”说明壶口瀑布因惊艳的黄色水体和轰鸣的水声闻名，直接提取。
59．文章最后一段中“It’s well-known in China and the world because of the poem by Li Bai”点明庐山瀑布因李白的诗作闻名中外，答案几乎是原文引述。
60．开放性试题，答案不唯一。根据文中信息选择任意一个自己喜欢的瀑布，并给出合理理由即可。
61．died/ied 62．other/ther 63．but/ut 64．free/ree 65．lucky/ucky 66．space/pace 67．first/irst 68．around/round 69．impossible/mpossible 70．over/ver
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了世界上第一位进入太空的女宇航员瓦莲京娜·捷列什科娃的出身、成长经历，以及她进入太空成为首位女宇航员的过程，她的故事激励了全世界的人们追逐梦想。
【解析】61．句意：当她两岁的时候，她的父亲去世了。根据后文“This made her family even poorer.”可知，父亲去世导致家境更加困难，事情发生在过去，用动词die的过去式。
62．句意：和其他小女孩一样，捷列什科娃喜欢新衣服，但她的家庭买不起。此处表示“其他的”，修饰复数名词“小女孩”，other符合语境和首字母提示。
63．句意：和其他小女孩一样，捷列什科娃喜欢新衣服，但她的家庭买不起。前文说她喜欢新衣服，后文说买不起，前后是转折关系，用转折连词but。
64．句意：在她的空闲时间，她甚至学习跳伞。“in one’s free time”是固定搭配，意为“在某人的空闲时间”，符合语境。
65．句意：苏联开始训练女性进入太空，捷列什科娃很幸运被选中。此处作表语，填形容词；根据首字母l及“to be chosen”可知，她被选中是幸运的，用lucky。
66．句意：1963年6月16日，她乘坐东方6号宇宙飞船飞入太空。结合前文“进入太空”的背景，此处是飞入太空，space符合语境。
67．句意：她成为了世界上第一位女宇航员。根据文章首句“Valentina Tereshkova is the first woman to go into space in the world.”可知，她是世界第一位进入太空的女宇航员，first符合文意。
68．句意：三天内，她绕地球飞行了48圈。go around是固定搭配，意为“环绕”，符合绕地球飞行的语境。
69．句意：然而，在她进入太空之前，很多人认为女性不可能像男性一样做这么困难的工作，但是她成功了。结合后文转折“她成功了”可知，从前人们认为这件事不可能，impossible符合语境。
70．句意：她的故事激励了全世界的人们追逐他们的梦想。all over the world是固定搭配，意为“遍及全世界”，符合语境。
71．例文
Dear Mary,
I’m sorry that you have so many problems. Here is my advice for you.
Firstly, you say that you don’t have many friends at school. I think you should join some clubs and make new friends there. Secondly, you find biology and geography are difficult and often get poor grades in exams. You should ask the teacher or your classmates for help and do more exercises. Then you’ll be good at it. Finally, you think it’s not easy to talk with your parents. Why not open your heart to them
I’m sure they’ll understand you. I hope you will feel happy again.
Yours,
Lucy
【解析】第一步：审题立意
文体：电子邮件，以一般现在时为主，第一人称。
内容要点：必须包含：
Mary的烦恼：生物地理难、成绩差；与父母相处不好；害羞没朋友。
针对每个问题给出具体建议。
人称：第一人称（I, my），第二人称（you）。
注意事项：未出现真实姓名和校名，符合要求。
第二步：构思布局（三段式）
开头段：表达对朋友烦恼的遗憾，引出建议。
主体段：针对没朋友的问题，针对生地难、成绩差的问题，针对与父母相处不好的问题。
结尾段：希望朋友重新快乐。
第三步：要点对照
要点一：生物地理难，成绩差的建议
ask the teacher or your classmates for help and do more exercises
拓展：set the learning plan/read more related materials
要点二：与父母相处不好的建议
open your heart to them and tell them how you feel
拓展：try to be frank with them/accept their advice
要点三：害羞没朋友的建议
join some clubs and make new friends
拓展：try to be talkative/join some group activities
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