资源简介

1．judge vt．& vi．评价，(尤指)批评；判断，认为 n．法官；裁判员[judg(e)ment n．判断]
◎judge...from/by...　 从……判断……
judging by/from... 从……判断
as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为
◎make a judg(e)ment about/on...
对……作出评价
◎(2023·全国甲卷)What we discovered is that it's unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance．
我们发现，仅根据外表来判断食物是不明智的。
2．apologize vi．道歉，谢罪(apology n．道歉)
◎apologize to sb．for (doing) sth．
因(做)某事向某人道歉
◎make an apology to sb．(for sth．)
(因某事)向某人道歉
owe sb．an apology (for sth．)
(因某事)应向某人道歉
◎(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) “I am so sorry，”I apologized profusely，not knowing how he would react．
“我很抱歉。”我不停地道歉，不知道他会作何反应。
3．ignore vt．忽视，对……不予理会 (ignorance n．无知；愚昧 ignorant adj．无知的；愚昧的；无学识的)
◎ignore sb．/sth．　　 不理睬某人/忽视某物
ignore one's advice/mistakes
忽视某人的建议/过错
ignore the traffic rules 无视交通规则
◎be ignorant of/about... 对……不了解
◎be in ignorance of... 对……不了解
out of ignorance of... 对……不了解
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored．
课堂之外的教育不能被忽视。
4．recognize vt．承认，意识到；认出，辨别出(recognition n．认出；认可；承认)
◎recognize one's voice　　 听出某人的声音
be recognized by sb． 被某人认出/认可
be recognized to be/as... 被认为是……
It is generally recognized that... 一般认为……
◎beyond (all) recognition 认不出来
◎(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Recognizing my voice，he sounded pleasantly amazed．
听出了我的声音，他听起来又惊又喜。
5．measure vt．估量，判定；测量 n．措施；衡量；尺度；标准
◎measure...by/in... 用……来衡量/测量……
◎make...to one's measure 按照某人的尺寸制作……
take measures to do sth． 采取措施做某事
in some measure 在某种程度上
◎(2024·全国甲卷)The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem．
政府已经在努力想出解决这个问题的措施。
6．seek vi．(sought；sought)试图；寻找；争取 vt．寻求；寻找
seek for/after 寻找/追求
seek...from sb． 向某人寻求……
seek one's fortune 找出路；外出闯荡
seek out 挑出；找到
seek to do sth． 试图做某事
◎(2024·北京卷)They are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources...
它们更有可能从更广泛的来源中寻找到新的信息……
7．escape vi．& vt．逃脱，躲避；逃跑；避开，避免；被遗忘；(不自觉地)由……发出 n．逃离，逃脱
◎escape from...　　 从……逃脱；从……逃跑
escape (doing) sth． 避开(做)某事
◎have a narrow escape 死里逃生
◎At last，we had a narrow escape，fortunately escaping being hurt by the hungry polar bear．
最后，我们九死一生，幸运地避免了被那头饥饿的北极熊伤害。
8．out of one's sight 脱离某人的视线
catch sight of　　　 望见；看到
lose sight of 看不见
come into sight 进入视野内；映入眼帘
at the sight of 一看到
out of sight 看不见
◎As the ship sailed farther away，it gradually got out of sight．
随着船渐行渐远，它逐渐脱离了人们的视线。
1．Since then，a close friendship has grown between us and she's been almost like a sister to me．(“since＋时间点”与现在完成时连用)
从那时起，我们之间建立了一份亲密的友谊，她几乎就像我的姐妹。
2．Our original plan was to see a film at the cinema that afternoon．(动词不定式短语作表语)
那天下午，我们的原计划是在电影院看电影。
3．We often find it easier to recognize other people's weaknesses than our own．(find＋it＋宾语补足语＋to do...)
我们常常觉得发现别人的弱点比发现我们自己的弱点要容易得多。
4．Finally，it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends．(it should be pointed out that...；it作形式主语)
最后，应该指出，与一群人在一起和与朋友在一起，不是一回事。
5．whether...or...引导让步状语从句
Whether we're walking to school，doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend，we're hardly out of each other's sight．
无论我们是步行去上学、做家庭作业，还是只是周末时闲逛，我们几乎从未脱离过彼此的视线。
◎whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，引导让步状语从句。whether不可以用if代替。
◎whether还可以引导名词性从句。whether和if都可以表示“是否”，但下面三种情况只能用whether：
(1)引导位于句首的主语从句，引导表语从句、同位语从句和介词后的宾语从句时，只能用whether。
(2)动词后的宾语从句中，如果直接跟or not，也只能用whether。
(3)后接动词不定式时只能用whether，即whether to do。
◎(2024·全国甲卷)Prof．Gracie，with all his patience，asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not．
格雷西教授耐心地让我考虑一下，不要只看我喜不喜欢。
6．动词-ing形式作后置定语
But in the morning，my friend posted a message on social media saying she had a cold．
但是在早上，我的朋友在社交媒体上发了一条消息，说她感冒了。
◎句中的“saying she had a cold”是动词-ing形式作后置定语，修饰前面的名词message，相当于一个定语从句。
◎动词-ing形式作定语，与所修饰的名词直接存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示一个正在进行的主动动作。
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)As for me，I drew a picture about some old people working out in the park．
至于我，我画了一幅关于一些老人在公园里锻炼的画。
Ⅰ．重点词汇对点练
1．judge
①(人教版必修第三册Unit 5改编)Now，you shouldn't judge people ____________ their clothes．
②He refused to make a judgement __________ the situation．
③__________ from his failure，it was his lack of experience that affected his __________．(judge)
④(读后续写之主旨升华)喉咙哽咽，我鼓掌的声音更大了，决心绝不再以貌取人。
Feeling a lump in the throat，I clapped my hands even more loudly，determined never to _________________________．
2．apologize
①After hearing the full story，he realised he owed his friend an apology for ____________(jump)to conclusions without understanding the situation fully．
②In this instance，the best solution is to send a quick，heartfelt ____________ (apologize) to explain your awkwardness．
③I'm writing to apologize to you ________ being absent from your birthday party last weekend．
④在回家的路上，露西决定一到家就为她粗鲁的行为向母亲道歉。
On the way home，Lucy made up her mind to _____________________ as soon as she arrived home．
3．ignore
①(外研版选择性必修第四册Unit 6)The more we know，the more we feel our ____________(ignore)；the more we feel how much remains unknown．
②(北师大版必修第三册Unit 9)Being ____________(ignore) is not so much a shame，as being unwilling to learn．
③(读后续写之动作链描写)司机抱起受伤的男孩，把他放进车里，匆忙把他送到医院，一路上忽视了交通信号灯。
The driver lifted the injured boy，placed him in the car and rushed him to the hospital，____________________________________．
4．recognize
①(北师大版必修第二册Unit 6)This is not only an honour for myself，but also ________ (recognize) of and encouragement for all scientists in China．
②It ______________ (recognize) that the conference in Xiamen is a great success．
③(应用文写作之人物介绍)李白被公认为是继屈原之后最伟大的浪漫主义诗人，他的诗歌受到世界人民的高度评价。
Li Bai __________________________________ after Qu Yuan，whose poems are highly thought of by people from all over the world．
5．measure
①My success in the competition was ________ some measure due to the support from my teachers and family．
②My mother used to make new clothes __________ my own measure with the Spring Festival coming．
③If the pollution levels continue to rise，the city will have to take measures ____________(control) industrial emissions and promote green transportation．
④(读后续写之主旨升华)在我看来，衡量成功与否不在于你有多少金钱，而在于你如何理解人生的真正意义。
In my opinion，success ________________________________________________ but by how you understand the true meaning of life．
6．see
①(人教版必修第三册Unit 3)Over 300，000 people came from all over the world to seek ____________(they)fortune，and San Francisco quickly became a big city．
②They actively seek ____________ resources that can enhance their understanding and seek ____________(apply) what they learn to practical situations．
③In the pursuit of knowledge，students often seek ____________ new information and insights．
④在我看来，当遇到困难时，我们应该向我们最信任的人寻求帮助。
In my opinion，when in trouble，we should ____________________．
7．escape
①(2023·浙江1月卷)The adult bees were angry and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped __________ the tree．
②The thief would have escaped ____________ (catch) if he hadn't sold the stolen mobile phone．
③After the car missed her by inches，the pedestrian had ________ narrow escape and decided to cross at the zebra crossing next time．
④(读后续写之情感描写)当听到这话时，我震惊地盯着他，喉咙发出微微的惊讶声。
When I heard this，I stared at him in shock and ____________________．
8．out of one's sight
①Only a short-sighted man will lose sight ________ the importance of education．
②The mother stood in the street until the car was out ________ her sight．
③To my joy，the mountain town came ________ sight as we turned the last corner．
④(读后续写之环境描写)在露营的夜晚，一看到无边的夜空和闪闪发光的星星我们就兴奋起来。
During the camping night，we were thrilled _____________________ and the sparkling stars．
Ⅱ．高频词汇精准练
1．The real estate firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager went broke leaving her ____________ (look) for a new job．
2．The boy narrowly escaped ____________ (run) over by a lorry while crossing the road the other day．
3．Victor apologized for not ____________ (be) able to inform me of the change in the plan．
4．Yuan's innovation has helped feed not just China，but many other countries that depend ________ rice as well．
5．To solve conflicts，we should try to see eye to eye ____________ others instead of insisting on our own views．
6．Compared to last summer，the boy has shot ________ like a young tree，reaching his father's shoulder height．
7．Teenagers have a strong desire __________ independence．A life with freedom and respect is _________ (desire)for them as they grow．
8．The ____________ (design) made this dress ____________ design，which is designed ____________(be) simple but elegant．
Ⅲ．多义词汇语段练(依次写出语段中黑体单词的词性及含义)
1．The trick to mastering magic tricks is to practice secretly and never let others realise they're being tricked by your skillful moves．
①________________　②________________
③________________
2．During our hike，we spotted a hidden spot by the lake where water lilies with white spots floated—and though my friend complained about the new spots on her forehead，the peaceful view made her forget all about them．
①________________　②________________
③________________　④________________
3．During the action movie shoot，the leading actor shot his enemies with an arrow and then shot towards the exit．After filming，the crew quickly moved to the stadium to shoot the final basketball game．As the game was about to end，the star player shot a three-pointer，hoping to win the match．
①________________　②________________
③________________　④________________
Ⅳ．阅读词汇语境练(写出句中黑体词的词性及含义)
1．In modern society，the Internet has become the most popular medium for people to obtain information．________________
2．She updates her blog regularly，sharing her travel experiences and thoughts with her followers．________________
3．In the past，many people were forced to work as slaves，suffering from harsh treatment．________________
4．They built a raft with tree trunks and set off on the river，enjoying the adventure．________________
5．Despite her well-meaning advice，she failed to realise how her words might hurt others．________________
6．The restaurant's menu features a variety of wines，each paired perfectly with the main dishes．________________
Ⅴ．写作句式迁移练
1．(应用文写作之观点表达)如果我们拒绝放下手机、与他人面对面交流，却指责科技导致社交孤立，这毫无意义。(there's no point in doing...)
_____________________________________________________________________
for social isolation if we refuse to put down our phones and connect with others face-to-face．
2．无论生活抛来何种挑战，都要勇敢前行。(疑问词-ever引导让步状语从句)
____________________________________，keep moving forward with courage．
3．在不久的将来，AI很有可能被用来管理智能家居，并处理更多种类的任务。(it作形式主语)
In the near future，________________________________________ AI will be used to manage smart homes and handle an even greater variety of tasks．
4．无论保留旧习俗还是创造新习俗，文化都在不断演变。(whether...or...引导让步状语从句)
_____________________________________________________________________，
culture keeps evolving．
5．这本书介绍了帮助学生高效记单词的方法。(动词-ing形式作后置定语)
The method ________________________________________________ is introduced in this book．
假定你是李华，你的外国朋友Peter来信向你寻求如何尽快适应新学校的建议，请你写一封回信，内容包括：
1．提供建议；
2．表达祝愿。
①在你的上一封信中，我了解到，自从你来到新学校后，你感到不自在和不知所措。(at a loss)
In your last letter，I learned that ____________________________________ since you arrived at the new school．
②我想提供一些技巧来帮助你克服你的情况。(trick)
I would like ________________________________________________．
③据我判断，我想这可能是因为你说汉语不够流利，这让你不敢自信地和同学们交谈。(judge/judgement)
___________________________________，I think it may be because you don't speak Chinese fluently enough，________________________．
④也许是因为你太内向了，指望别人和你说话。
Perhaps it is because you are too introverted and ________________________．
⑤无论如何，为了改善与同学的关系，你应该先放开自己，积极主动地与他人交流。(case)
________________，in order to improve the relationship with your classmates，you should first ________________________________________________．
⑥我认为下课后积极参加体育活动或有趣的活动是有益的。(take part in)
________________________________________________ or interesting activities after class．
⑦我真诚地希望我的建议能帮助你快乐，并在新学校学到更多。
I sincerely hope that ________________________________ and learn more in your new school．
把以上句子用适当的过渡词或过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
形容词 embarrassed，awkward，ashamed，embarrassing 名词/动词 embarrassment，awkwardness，shame，embarrass
脸红 ①one's face burn/be flushed/sb．blush/flush with embarrassment/shame因尴尬/羞愧而脸上发烫/脸红/绯红 ②blood rush to one's face/colour flood one's face脸通红 低头 drop/lower/bow one's head in shame/embarrassment羞愧/尴尬地低头
声音/语调 ①in an embarrassed voice/tone用一种尴尬的声音/语气 ②hear the embarrassment/shame in one's voice听出某人声音中的尴尬/羞愧 ③give an embarrassed cough尴尬地咳了一声 场景 an awkward/embarrassed silence/moment/pause尴尬的沉默/一瞬/停顿
微情景1　“亲子关系”——生活场景情感细节描写之“尴尬与羞愧”
①__________________________(Anna感到无地自容；形容词) when she realised what she'd said．②____________________________________(Anna脸涨得通红；神态描写：无灵主语句＋形容词作状语)．She glanced away，③____________ (窘迫地)．In an attempt to ④________________________(掩饰她的尴尬)，she ⑤____________________________________ (低下她的头)，hoping no one would notice ⑥____________________________________(自己有多么尴尬，肢体动作＋心理活动)．
微情景2　“场景描写”——与朋友闹矛盾发生的“尴尬与羞愧”
I had a fierce quarrel with my friend Lucy，and I felt ①__________________________(我们之间的友谊濒临崩溃)．②________________________(既局促不安又难过)，I went to the canteen alone after class．After dinner，I ③____________________________________(正要回教室) when I felt my jeans split along the middle of my backside．Just at that moment，all the air seemed to disappear and I felt ④___________________________(好像全世界都在看着我；虚拟语气)．⑤________________________(我如此尴尬)that I stood there clumsily，feeling the blood rushing to my face．
必修第一册　UNIT 3
自查区　单元词句精练
Ⅰ．1．①by/from　②about　③Judging；judgement　④judge a book from/by its cover　2．①jumping　②apology　③for　④apologize to her mother/make an apology to her mother for her rude behaviour　3．①ignorance　②ignorant　③ignoring the traffic signals all the way　4．①recognition　②is recognized　③is widely recognized as/to be the greatest romantic poet　5．①in　②to　③to control　④is not measured by how much money you have　6．①their　②out；to apply　③for/after　④seek help from those we trust most
7．①from　②being caught　③a　④a faint sound of surprise escaped my throat　8．①of　②of　③into　④at the sight of the boundless night sky　
Ⅱ．1．looking　2．being run　3．being　4．on　5．with　6．up
7．for；desirable　8．designer；by；to be
Ⅲ．1．①n．诀窍　②n．把戏　③vt．欺骗　2．①vt．发现
②n．地点　③n．斑点　④n．粉刺　3．①vt．射杀　②vi．使朝某方向冲，奔　③vt．摄影，拍摄　④vt．射门，投篮
Ⅳ．1．n．传播信息的媒介，方法；手段，工具　2．n．博客，网志　3．n．奴隶　4．n．木排，筏　5．adj．出于好心的，善意的
6．n．葡萄酒；果酒
Ⅴ．1．There's no point in blaming technology　2．Whatever challenges life throws at you　3．it is likely that　4．Whether we preserve old customs or create new ones　5．helping students remember words efficiently
练表达　主题引领写作
应用文写作
完成句子
①you have been feeling awkward and at a loss　②to offer some tricks to help you get over your situation　③As far as I can judge/In my judgement；making you dare not talk with your classmates confidently　④count on others to talk with you　⑤In any case；let yourself go to communicate with others actively　⑥I do think it beneficial to take an active part in sports　⑦my tips could help you be happy
组句成篇
Dear Peter，
In your last letter，I learned that you have been feeling awkward and at a loss since you arrived at the new school．I would like to offer some tricks to help you get over your situation．
As far as I can judge/In my judgement，I think it may be because you don't speak Chinese fluently enough，making you dare not talk with your classmates confidently．Plus，perhaps it is because you are too introverted and count on others to talk with you．In any case，in order to improve the relationship with your classmates，you should first let yourself go to communicate with others actively．I do think it beneficial to take an active part in sports or interesting activities after class．
I sincerely hope that my tips could help you be happy and learn more in your new school．
Yours，
Li Hua
读后续写
语料运用
微情景1　①Anna felt extremely ashamed　②Blood rushed to/Colour flooded Anna's face　③embarrassed　④hide her embarrassment　⑤dropped/hung/bowed/lowered her head
⑥how embarrassed/awkward she was
微情景2　①the friendship between us was on the rocks
②Awkward and sad　③was about to go back to the classroom
④as if the whole world had been watching me　⑤So embarrassed was I(共184张PPT)
必修第一册　UNIT 3　Getting along with others
第一部分 教材知识讲练
单元主题串记
自学区——单元词句复盘
重点词汇
1．judge vt．& vi．评价，(尤指)批评；判断，认为n．法官；裁判员[judg(e)ment n．判断]
知识归纳
◎judge...from/by...　　 从……判断……
judging by/from... 从……判断
as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为
◎make a judg(e)ment about/on... 对……作出评价
佳句输入
◎(2023·全国甲卷)What we discovered is that it's unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance．
我们发现，仅根据外表来判断食物是不明智的。
2．apologize vi．道歉，谢罪(apology n．道歉)
知识归纳
◎apologize to sb．for (doing) sth．
因(做)某事向某人道歉
◎make an apology to sb．(for sth．)
(因某事)向某人道歉
owe sb．an apology (for sth．) (因某事)应向某人道歉
佳句输入
◎(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) “I am so sorry，”I apologized profusely，not knowing how he would react．
“我很抱歉。”我不停地道歉，不知道他会做何反应。
3．ignore vt．忽视，对……不予理会 (ignorance n．无知；愚昧 ignorant adj．无知的；愚昧的；无学识的)
知识归纳
◎ignore sb．/sth．　　 不理睬某人/忽视某物
ignore one's advice/mistakes 忽视某人的建议/过错
ignore the traffic rules 无视交通规则
◎be ignorant of/about... 对……不了解
◎be in ignorance of... 对……不了解
out of ignorance of... 对……不了解
佳句输入
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored．
课堂之外的教育不能被忽视。
4．recognize vt．承认，意识到；认出，辨别出(recognition n．认出；认可；承认)
知识归纳
◎recognize one's voice　　 听出某人的声音
be recognized by sb． 被某人认出/认可
be recognized to be/as... 被认为是……
It is generally recognized that... 一般认为……
◎beyond (all) recognition 认不出来
佳句输入
◎(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Recognizing my voice，he sounded pleasantly amazed．
听出了我的声音，他听起来又惊又喜。
5．measure vt．估量，判定；测量 n．措施；衡量；尺度；标准
知识归纳
◎measure...by/in...　　　　 用……来衡量/测量……
◎make...to one's measure 按照某人的尺寸制作……
take measures to do sth． 采取措施做某事
in some measure 在某种程度上
佳句输入
◎(2024·全国甲卷)The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem．
政府已经在努力想出解决这个问题的措施。
6．seek vi．(sought；sought)试图；寻找；争取 vt．寻求；寻找
知识归纳
seek for/after　　　　　 寻找/追求
seek...from sb． 向某人寻求……
seek one's fortune 找出路；外出闯荡
seek out 挑出；找到
seek to do sth． 试图做某事
佳句输入
◎(2024·北京卷)They are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources...
它们更有可能从更广泛的来源中寻找到新的信息……
7．escape vi．& vt．逃脱，躲避；逃跑；避开，避免；被遗忘；(不自觉地)由……发出 n．逃离，逃脱
知识归纳
◎escape from...　　 从……逃脱；从……逃跑
escape (doing) sth． 避开(做)某事
◎have a narrow escape 死里逃生
佳句输入
◎At last，we had a narrow escape，fortunately escaping being hurt by the hungry polar bear．
最后，我们九死一生，幸运地避免了被那头饥饿的北极熊伤害。
8．out of one's sight 脱离某人的视线
知识归纳
catch sight of　　　 望见；看到
lose sight of 看不见
come into sight 进入视野内；映入眼帘
at the sight of 一看到
out of sight 看不见
佳句输入
◎As the ship sailed farther away，it gradually got out of sight．
随着船渐行渐远，它逐渐脱离了人们的视线。
句型公式
1．Since then，a close friendship has grown between us and she's been almost like a sister to me．(“since＋时间点”与现在完成时连用)
从那时起，我们之间建立了一份亲密的友谊，她几乎就像我的姐妹。
2．Our original plan was to see a film at the cinema that afternoon．(动词不定式短语作表语)
那天下午，我们的原计划是在电影院看电影。
3．We often find it easier to recognize other people's weaknesses than our own．(find＋it＋宾语补足语＋to do...)
我们常常觉得发现别人的弱点比发现我们自己的弱点要容易得多。
4．Finally，it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends．(it should be pointed out that...；it作形式主语)
最后，应该指出，与一群人在一起和与朋友在一起，不是一回事。
5．whether...or...引导让步状语从句
Whether we're walking to school，doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend，we're hardly out of each other's sight．
无论我们是步行去上学、做家庭作业，还是只是周末时闲逛，我们几乎从未脱离过彼此的视线。
知识归纳
◎whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，引导让步状语从句。whether不可以用if代替。
◎whether还可以引导名词性从句。whether和if都可以表示“是否”，
但下面三种情况只能用whether：
(1)引导位于句首的主语从句，引导表语从句、同位语从句和介词后的宾语从句时，只能用whether。
(2)动词后的宾语从句中，如果直接跟or not，也只能用whether。
(3)后接动词不定式时只能用whether，即whether to do。
佳句输入
◎(2024·全国甲卷)Prof．Gracie，with all his patience，asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not．
格雷西教授耐心地让我考虑一下，不要只看我喜不喜欢。
6．动词-ing形式作后置定语
But in the morning，my friend posted a message on social media saying she had a cold．
但是在早上，我的朋友在社交媒体上发了一条消息，说她感冒了。
知识归纳
◎句中的“saying she had a cold”是动词-ing形式作后置定语，修饰前面的名词message，相当于一个定语从句。
◎动词-ing形式作定语，与所修饰的名词直接存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示一个正在进行的主动动作。
佳句输入
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)As for me，I drew a picture about some old people working out in the park．
至于我，我画了一幅关于一些老人在公园里锻炼的画。
自查区——单元词句精炼
Ⅰ．重点词汇对点练
1．judge
①(人教版必修第三册Unit 5改编)Now，you shouldn't judge people _______ their clothes．
②He refused to make a judgement _____ the situation．
③_______ from his failure，it was his lack of experience that affected his _________．(judge)
by/from
about
Judging
judgement
④(读后续写之主旨升华)喉咙哽咽，我鼓掌的声音更大了，决心绝不再以貌取人。
Feeling a lump in the throat，I clapped my hands even more loudly，determined never to ______________________________．
judge a book from/by its cover
2．apologize
①After hearing the full story，he realised he owed his friend an apology for __________(jump)to conclusions without understanding the situation fully．
②In this instance，the best solution is to send a quick，heartfelt _______ (apologize) to explain your awkwardness．
③I'm writing to apologize to you ___ being absent from your birthday party last weekend．
jumping
apology
for
④在回家的路上，露西决定一到家就为她粗鲁的行为向母亲道歉。
On the way home，Lucy made up her mind to _______________________________________________________________________________ as soon as she arrived home．
apologize to her
mother/make an apology to her mother for her rude behaviour
3．ignore
①(外研版选择性必修第四册Unit 6)The more we know，the more we feel our _________(ignore)；the more we feel how much remains unknown．
②(北师大版必修第三册Unit 9)Being ________(ignore) is not so much a shame，as being unwilling to learn．
ignorance
ignorant
③(读后续写之动作链描写)司机抱起受伤的男孩，把他放进车里，匆忙把他送到医院，一路上忽视了交通信号灯。
The driver lifted the injured boy，placed him in the car and rushed him to the hospital，________________________________________．
ignoring the traffic signals all the way
4．recognize
①(北师大版必修第二册Unit 6)This is not only an honour for myself，but also ___________ (recognize) of and encouragement for all scientists in China．
②It _____________ (recognize) that the conference in Xiamen is a great success．
recognition
is recognized
③(应用文写作之人物介绍)李白被公认为是继屈原之后最伟大的浪漫主义诗人，他的诗歌受到世界人民的高度评价。
Li Bai _____________________________________________________
after Qu Yuan，whose poems are highly thought of by people from all over the world．
is widely recognized as/to be the greatest romantic poet
5．measure
①My success in the competition was __ some measure due to the support from my teachers and family．
②My mother used to make new clothes __ my own measure with the Spring Festival coming．
in
to
③If the pollution levels continue to rise，the city will have to take measures __________(control) industrial emissions and promote green transportation．
④(读后续写之主旨升华)在我看来，衡量成功与否不在于你有多少金钱，而在于你如何理解人生的真正意义。
In my opinion，success _______________________________________ but by how you understand the true meaning of life．
to control
is not measured by how much money you have
6．seek
①(人教版必修第三册Unit 3)Over 300，000 people came from all over the world to seek _____(they)fortune，and San Francisco quickly became a big city．
②They actively seek ___ resources that can enhance their understanding and seek ________(apply) what they learn to practical situations．
③In the pursuit of knowledge，students often seek _________ new information and insights．
their
out
to apply
for/after
④在我看来，当遇到困难时，我们应该向我们最信任的人寻求帮助。
In my opinion，when in trouble，we should __________________________________．
seek help from those we
trust most
7．escape
①(2023·浙江1月卷)The adult bees were angry and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped ____ the tree．
②The thief would have escaped ____________ (catch) if he hadn't sold the stolen mobile phone．
③After the car missed her by inches，the pedestrian had _ narrow escape and decided to cross at the zebra crossing next time．
from
being caught
a
④(读后续写之情感描写)当听到这话时，我震惊地盯着他，喉咙发出微微的惊讶声。
When I heard this，I stared at him in shock and ___________________________________________．
a faint sound of surprise
escaped my throat
8．out of one's sight
①Only a short-sighted man will lose sight __ the importance of education．
②The mother stood in the street until the car was out __ her sight．
③To my joy，the mountain town came ____ sight as we turned the last corner．
of
of
into
④(读后续写之环境描写)在露营的夜晚，一看到无边的夜空和闪闪发光的星星我们就兴奋起来。
During the camping night，we were thrilled __________________________________ and the sparkling stars．
at the sight of the boundless
night sky
Ⅱ．高频词汇精准练
1．The real estate firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager went broke leaving her _______ (look) for a new job．
2．The boy narrowly escaped _________ (run) over by a lorry while crossing the road the other day．
3．Victor apologized for not _____ (be) able to inform me of the change in the plan．
looking
being run
being
4．Yuan's innovation has helped feed not just China，but many other countries that depend __ rice as well．
5．To solve conflicts，we should try to see eye to eye ____ others instead of insisting on our own views．
6．Compared to last summer，the boy has shot __ like a young tree，reaching his father's shoulder height．
on
with
up
7．Teenagers have a strong desire ___ independence．A life with freedom and respect is _________ (desire)for them as they grow．
8．The ________ (design) made this dress __ design，which is designed _____(be) simple but elegant．
for
desirable
designer
by
to be
Ⅲ．多义词汇语段练(依次写出语段中黑体单词的词性及含义)
1．The trick to mastering magic tricks is to practice secretly and never let others realise they're being tricked by your skillful moves．
①_______　②_______　③________
n．诀窍
n．把戏
vt．欺骗
2．During our hike，we spotted a hidden spot by the lake where water lilies with white spots floated—and though my friend complained about the new spots on her forehead，the peaceful view made her forget all about them．
①________　②_______　③_______　④_______
vt．发现
n．地点
n．斑点
n．粉刺
3．During the action movie shoot，the leading actor shot his enemies with an arrow and then shot towards the exit．After filming，the crew quickly moved to the stadium to shoot the final basketball game．As the game was about to end，the star player shot a three-pointer，hoping to win the match．
①________　②____________________　
③______________　④______________
vt．射杀
vi．使朝某方向冲，奔
vt．摄影，拍摄
vt．射门，投篮
Ⅳ．阅读词汇语境练(写出句中黑体词的词性及含义)
1．In modern society，the Internet has become the most popular medium for people to obtain information．
___________________________________
2．She updates her blog regularly，sharing her travel experiences and thoughts with her followers． _____________
n．传播信息的媒介，方法；手段，工具
n．博客，网志
3．In the past，many people were forced to work as slaves，suffering from harsh treatment． _______
4．They built a raft with tree trunks and set off on the river，enjoying the adventure． ___________
5．Despite her well-meaning advice，she failed to realise how her words might hurt others． _______________________
6．The restaurant's menu features a variety of wines，each paired perfectly with the main dishes． _______________
n．奴隶
n．木排，筏
adj．出于好心的，善意的
n．葡萄酒；果酒
Ⅴ．写作句式迁移练
1．(应用文写作之观点表达)如果我们拒绝放下手机、与他人面对面交流，却指责科技导致社交孤立，这毫无意义。(there's no point in doing...)
__________________________________ for social isolation if we refuse to put down our phones and connect with others face-to-face．
There's no point in blaming technology
2．无论生活抛来何种挑战，都要勇敢前行。(疑问词-ever引导让步状语从句)
________________________________，keep moving forward with courage．
Whatever challenges life throws at you
3．在不久的将来，AI很有可能被用来管理智能家居，并处理更多种类的任务。(it作形式主语)
In the near future，_________________ AI will be used to manage smart homes and handle an even greater variety of tasks．
4．无论保留旧习俗还是创造新习俗，文化都在不断演变。(whether...or...引导让步状语从句)
_____________________________________________，culture keeps evolving．
it is likely that
Whether we preserve old customs or create new ones
5．这本书介绍了帮助学生高效记单词的方法。(动词-ing形式作后置定语)
The method _____________________________________ is introduced in this book．
helping students remember words efficiently
练表达——主题引领写作
假定你是李华，你的外国朋友Peter来信向你寻求如何尽快适应新学校的建议，请你写一封回信，内容包括：
1．提供建议；
2．表达祝愿。
完成句子
①在你的上一封信中，我了解到，自从你来到新学校后，你感到不自在和不知所措。(at a loss)
In your last letter，I learned that ___________________________________________ since you arrived at the new school．
②我想提供一些技巧来帮助你克服你的情况。(trick)
I would like ______________________________________________．
you have been feeling awkward and at
a loss
to offer some tricks to help you get over your situation
③据我判断，我想这可能是因为你说汉语不够流利，这让你不敢自信地和同学们交谈。(judge/judgement)
_____________________________________，I think it may be because you don't speak Chinese fluently enough，_________________________________________________________．
④也许是因为你太内向了，指望别人和你说话。
Perhaps it is because you are too introverted and ________________________________．
As far as I can judge/In my judgement
making you dare not talk
with your classmates confidently
count on others to talk
with you
⑤无论如何，为了改善与同学的关系，你应该先放开自己，积极主动地与他人交流。(case)
___________，in order to improve the relationship with your classmates，you should first ____________________________________________．
⑥我认为下课后积极参加体育活动或有趣的活动是有益的。(take part in)
________________________________________________ or interesting activities after class．
In any case
let yourself go to communicate with others actively
I do think it beneficial to take an active part in sports
⑦我真诚地希望我的建议能帮助你快乐，并在新学校学到更多。
I sincerely hope that _______________________________ and learn more in your new school．
my tips could help you be happy
组句成篇 把以上句子用适当的过渡词或过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
【参考范文】
Dear Peter，
In your last letter，I learned that you have been feeling awkward and at a loss since you arrived at the new school．I would like to offer some tricks to help you get over your situation．
As far as I can judge/In my judgement，I think it may be because you don't speak Chinese fluently enough，making you dare not talk with your classmates confidently．Plus，perhaps it is because you are too introverted and count on others to talk with you．In any case，in order to improve the relationship with your classmates，you should first let yourself go to communicate with others actively．I do think it beneficial to take an active part in sports or interesting activities after class．
I sincerely hope that my tips could help you be happy and learn more in your new school．
Yours，
Li Hua
语料积累
形容词 embarrassed，awkward，ashamed，embarrassing 名词/动词 embarrassment，awkwardness，shame，embarrass
脸红 ①one's face burn/be flushed/sb．blush/flush with embarrassment/shame因尴尬/羞愧而脸上发烫/脸红/绯红 ②blood rush to one's face/colour flood one's face脸通红 低头 drop/lower/bow one's head in shame/embarrassment羞愧/尴尬地低头
声音/语调 ①in an embarrassed voice/tone用一种尴尬的声音/语气 ②hear the embarrassment/shame in one's voice听出某人声音中的尴尬/羞愧 ③give an embarrassed cough尴尬地咳了一声 场景 an awkward/
embarrassed silence/moment/pause尴尬的沉默/一瞬/停顿
语料运用
微情景1　“亲子关系”——生活场景情感细节描写之“尴尬与羞愧”
①___________________________(Anna感到无地自容；形容词) when she realised what she'd said．②___________________________
___________ (Anna脸涨得通红；神态描写：无灵主语句＋形容词作状语)．She glanced away，③___________ (窘迫地)．In an attempt to ④______________________(掩饰她的尴尬)，she ⑤____________________________________ (低下她的头)，hoping no one would notice ⑥_____________________________________ (自己有多么尴尬，肢体动作＋心理活动)．
Anna felt extremely ashamed
Blood rushed to/Colour flooded
Anna's face
embarrassed
hide her embarrassment
dropped/hung/bowed/lowered her head
how embarrassed/awkward she was
微情景2　“场景描写”——与朋友闹矛盾发生的“尴尬与羞愧”
I had a fierce quarrel with my friend Lucy，and I felt ①_____________________________________(我们之间的友谊濒临崩溃)．②_______________(既局促不安又难过)，I went to the canteen alone after class．After dinner，I ③_____________________________
(正要回教室) when I felt my jeans split along the middle of my backside．Just at that moment， all the air seemed to disappear and I felt
the friendship between us was on the rocks
Awkward and sad
was about to go back to the classroom
④______________________________________(好像全世界都在看着我；虚拟语气)．⑤____________________(我如此尴尬)that I stood there clumsily，feeling the blood rushing to my face．
as if the whole world had been watching me
So embarrassed was I
题型组合练(五)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：47.5分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·浙江台州二模)
Olivia and I became instant friends in a writing class many years ago．I made a joke about a poorly crafted story．While others just stared blankly，Olivia laughed．That moment marked the beginning of our bond．It's an example of how friendship often forms unexpectedly．
Recent research reveals that the development of closeness is actually more complex．Sociologists and psychologists have identified delicate but profound factors that draw people together，and even determine what defines a “best friend”．These interactions are extremely small but important；they are the “dark matter”of friendship．
Closeness and routine encounters lay the foundation for friendship．A classic study has shown that people often befriend those whom they regularly interact with—neighbors，colleagues or classmates．However，physical closeness alone isn't enough．Shared interests like hobbies or humor spark connections．In reality，true friendship blossoms when we go deeper and open up to each other．
Self-disclosure marks the shift from casual acquaintance to true friendship．A simple “Can I talk to you for a minute？”might initiate a deeper connection．As Sociologist Beverley Fehr explains in her book Friendship Processes，transforming from acquaintanceship to friendship involves gradually sharing more personal information．It's a reciprocal (互惠的) process：one person opens up，and the other responds in kind．
Reciprocity is the most decisive factor in developing friendship．When I started my first job in a bookstore，I grew close to an assistant．Almost every day we shared lunch with each other and bonded while working for a difficult boss．However，when she moved to a new job，our relationship began to change．I started sharing more about my personal life，but she never did the same．Eventually，our lunches petered out to once a month，before she drifted out of my life for good．I was eager to tell her my problems，but she was unwilling to share hers．The necessary reciprocity was missing，so our acquaintanceship never tipped over into friendship．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了友谊形成的复杂因素，包括偶然相遇、共同兴趣、自我表露和互惠行为等，并通过个人经历和理论研究说明真正友谊的关键条件。
1．Why is Olivia mentioned in paragraph 1
A．To show a keen interest in writing．
B．To describe a mixed reaction to a joke．
C．To initiate the topic of friendship formation．
D．To illustrate the importance of humour sense．
√
C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中“That moment marked the beginning of our bond．It's an example of how friendship often forms unexpectedly．”等内容可推知，提到Olivia是为了引出友谊形成的主题。故选C。]
2．What does “dark matter”in paragraph 2 mean
A．Conflict-free social factors．
B．Simple yet close connections．
C．Non-light-emitting materials．
D．Minute but significant interactions．
√
D　[词义猜测题。根据第二段中“These interactions are extremely small but important；they are the ‘dark matter’ of friendship．”可推知，“dark matter”指的上文提到的这些微小但是很重要的互动。故选D。]
3．What stopped the author developing friendship with the assistant
A．The author's talkative personality．
B．The company's tight schedule．
C．The assistant's unresponsive behaviour．
D．The boss' unpleasant character．
√
C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中“I started sharing more about my personal life，but she never did the same...The necessary reciprocity was missing，so our acquaintanceship never tipped over into friendship．”可知，助理的不回应行为阻碍了作者与助理的友谊发展。故选C。]
4．What contributes most to a true friendship
A．Regular meeting．　　 B．Mutual openness．
C．Common ground． D．Comfortable distance．
√
B　[推理判断题。根据第四段中“Self-disclosure marks the shift from casual acquaintance to true friendship...It's a reciprocal process：one person opens up，and the other responds in kind．”和最后一段中“Reciprocity is the most decisive factor in developing friendship．”可推知，相互敞开心扉是发展友谊最为关键的因素。故选B。]
B
(2025·广东广州二模)
Most of us maintain an informal mental rank of our friendships．My friend R．went a step further by ranking his friends on a computer document．
The young man found himself dissatisfied with his social life—busy yet unfulfilled，and he built his friend list to diagnose why．He found that he had a small group of first-tier friends and a huge number of acquaintances．But the friends who caused him the most burden and stress were those in the middle ranks．Call them the “medium friends”．
R．told me about a certain friend．They were close during college but by their 30s，R．simply did not feel as connected to her as he once did．When this friend recently reached out for his support，his initial reaction was annoyance，followed by guilt．But she was pressing him in a way that felt too heavy，given what their friendship had become．He wrestled but did nothing．Emily Langan，a communication professor who studies friendship，described this as feeling guilty for not being more involved because they were just not that kind of friend．
Medium friends are genuine friends who share history or interests．They make you laugh or offer insights．But，unlike the closest friends，medium friends test the limits of your time，love and energy．There are so many dinners in a week，and so many people with whom you can be constantly texting．Medium friends prove it impossible to be all things to all people．And that is the problem with medium friends，the invisible lines you draw around them without ever being clarified—to them or even，possibly，to yourself．
Mutual sharing and caring in a context of trust is the foundation of every friendship．The tension in medium friendship is this absence of clarity，allowing for the possibility of what Claude Fischer，a sociologist，referred to in an interview as “asymmetric expectation”：You may like your medium friend less (or more) than they like you．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了多数人会在心中对友谊进行非正式排序，作者的朋友R．则在电脑文档上给朋友排名。
5．Why does the author mention R．'s friend list
A．To highlight the need to assess friendship．
B．To remind us to keep a balance in friendship．
C．To give an example of categorizing friends．
D．To show us the possible problem with friendship．
√
D　[推理判断题。根据第二段“The young man found himself dissatisfied with his social life ...Call them the ‘medium friends’．”可知，作者提到 R．的朋友列表，R．通过对朋友进行排名发现自己社交生活存在问题，尤其是与“中等朋友”之间存在困扰，如当“中等朋友”寻求帮助时自己的复杂情绪等。由此推知，作者提及R．的朋友列表是为了向我们展示友谊中可能存在的问题。故选D项。]
6．How did R．feel when his medium friend asked him for help
A．He felt she was asking too much．
B．He was too ready to lend a hand．
C．He was annoyed for not knowing how to help．
D．He felt guilty that she wasn't a close friend．
√
A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“When this friend recently reached out for his support，his initial reaction was annoyance，followed by guilt．But she was pressing him in a way that felt too heavy，given what their friendship had become．”可知，当R．的“中等朋友”向他求助时，他最初的反应是烦恼，因为这位朋友施压的方式让他觉得太过沉重，考虑到他们现在的友谊状况，他觉得她要求得太多了。故选A项。]
7．What is the main problem with medium friends
A．They provide limited love．
B．There is a lack of clear boundaries．
C．There are too many of them．
D．They are less reliable than expected．
√
B　[推理判断题。根据第四段中“And that is the problem with medium friends，the invisible lines you draw around them without ever being clarified—to them or even，possibly，to yourself．”以及最后一段中“Mutual sharing and caring in a context of trust is the foundation of every friendship．The tension in medium friendship is this absence of clarity，allowing for the possibility of what Claude Fischer，a sociologist，referred to in an interview as‘asymmetric expectation’”可知，“中等朋友”之间的主要问题是存在不明确的界限，没有向对方甚至自己澄清这些界限，导致了可能出现的“不对称期望”。由此推知，B选项“缺乏明确的界限”正确。故选B项。]
8．What does the underlined word “asymmetric”in the last paragraph mean
A．Unrealistic．　　　 B．Annoying．
C．Unequal． D．Invisible．
√
C　[词义猜测题。根据前文提到的“中等朋友”之间存在的问题，即彼此之间的界限不明确，再结合最后一段中“You may like your medium friend less (or more) than they like you．”可知，“asymmetric expectation”指的是你对 “中等朋友”的喜欢程度可能与他们对你的喜欢程度不相等。由此可知，“asymmetric”意思是“不相等的；不对称的”，与“unequal(不平等的)”意思相近。故选C项。]
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2026·云南昆明模拟)
The Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) and I have been friends for more than 80 years，surely some kind of record for romance these days．It plays a(n) 1 role in our friendship．The ROM may be shy about expressing 2 ，yet has always been rewarded with love when I approached it．My passion began when，as a 6-year-old，I skipped up the steps．At the top of the steps，the huge oak doors opened into a
large room that combined elements of a castle，made of 3 shades of marble stone，and a shiny ceiling of gold．In the center of the floor 4 an enormous sunburst (艳阳)，its 5 reaching out to each corner．The ceiling was painted with bright symbols，so that looking upward 6 a burst of pure joy．Later in life，it's been my delight to visit the museum．
My first 7 was always at the dinosaurs．Then and now，they are my favorite 8 all the beautiful exhibits at the museum．I am fascinated by their huge 9 ．Over the years，I would still feel thrilled while in face of these giants．I came to feel at home in their weird presence，and even 10 a tear for one of the poor creatures who had died by 11 a tar pit (沥青坑)．
I may have developed friendships with other museums over the years but the ROM still 12 my heart．My latest adventure at the ROM was a celebration of my 90th birthday，when all my families enjoyed different displays．A 13 has replaced the swift feet 84 years ago，but the new delights on exhibition mix with my 14 joy in the beauty of this museum．Some friendships never 15 ．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与博物馆The Royal Ontario Museum (ROM)之间的故事。作者小时候喜欢去博物馆，因为博物馆可以让他与恐龙近距离接触。随着年龄的增长，作者与其他博物馆也建立了友谊，但是，作者心中一直深爱着ROM博物馆。
1．A．subjective　　　　 B．passive
C．interactive D．defensive
C　[由上文“The Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) and I have been friends for more than 80 years，surely some kind of record for romance these days．”和下文“I may have developed friendships with other museums over the years but the ROM still ________ my heart．”可知，作者和博物馆ROM有着80多年的深厚情谊，作者常去这家博物馆，说明作者与ROM的友谊是长期互动的。故选C项。]
√
2．A．affection B．regret
C．gratitude D．guilt
A　[由下文“yet have always been rewarded with love when I approached it”可知，博物馆可能不善于表达“喜爱”，但作者每次接近它都能收获爱。故选A项。]
√
3．A．melting B．inspiring
C．varying D．concerning
C　[由下文“shades of marble stone”可知，描述大理石颜色多样，“不同色调”最贴切。故选C项。]
√
4．A．stuck B．lay
C．stood D．marched
B　[由上文“In the center of the floor”可知，此处指地板中央“躺着”一个巨大的艳阳(的图案)。故选B项。]
√
5．A．branches B．visions
C．senses D．rays
D　[由上文“an enormous sunburst”可知，太阳发出光线。故选D项。]
√
6．A．brought B．loaded
C．marked D．decreased
A　[由上文“The ceiling was painted with bright symbols”和so that引导结果状语从句可知，抬头看天花板的结果是会“带来”纯粹的喜悦。故选A项。]
√
7．A．figure B．note
C．leg D．impression
C　[由下文“was always at the dinosaurs”可知，first leg指旅程的第一站/程，作者每次参观首先看恐龙。故选C项。]
√
8．A．together with B．from within
C．out of D．instead of
C　[呼应上文“My first ________ was always at the dinosaurs．”可知，作者每次参观博物馆首先看恐龙，说明恐龙是作者在所有展品中的最爱，out of表示范围。故选C项。]
√
9．A．nerves B．sizes
C．existence D．appetite
B　[呼应下文“Over the years，I would still feel thrilled while in face of these giants．”可知，作者被恐龙巨大的“体型”吸引。故选B项。]
√
10．A．formed B．dried
C．wiped D．shed
D　[由下文“a tear for one of the poor creatures who had died”可知，作者为死去的恐龙“流泪”。故选D项。]
√
11．A．slipping from B．feeding on
C．pulling over D．sinking into
D　[由上文“one of the poor creatures who had died”和下文“a tar pit”可知，恐龙因“陷入”沥青坑而死。故选D项。]
√
12．A．claims B．shelters
C．loses D．pursues
A　[由上文“I may have developed friendships with other museums over the years”和转折词but可知，作者虽与其他博物馆建立了友谊，但ROM博物馆仍然是作者的心之所属。故选A项。]
√
13．A．wheelchair B．lift
C．track D．slide
A　[与下文“the swift feet 84 years ago”形成对比，84年后作者年纪大了，行动不便需用轮椅。故选A项。]
√
14．A．uncountable B．enduring
C．prior D．temporary
B　[呼应上文“The Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) and I have been friends for more than 80 years，surely some kind of record for romance these days．”和“I may have developed friendships with other museums over the years but the ROM still ________ my heart．”，讲作者对ROM持久的喜爱。故选B项。]
√
15．A．fail B．lie
C．die D．cheat
C　[呼应上文“The Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) and I have been friends for more than 80 years，surely some kind of record for romance these days．”讲作者与博物馆ROM持久的友谊，有些友谊永不“消逝”。故选C项。]
√
Ⅲ．七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Talking over text is a convenient way to get to know someone new or catch up with old friends，but sometimes it can be hard to figure out what to say next． 1 ．
Ask open-ended questions．Open-ended questions require more thoughtful and detailed responses． 2 ．If the other person just told you something about themselves，ask them to elaborate on that，or come up with your own open-ended question．This gives the other person an opportunity to talk about their interests in-depth．
3 ．Ask the other person to tell you about something．To have a good conversation，both people should be asking and answering questions．If you feel like you've mainly been talking about yourself，redirect the conversation to the other person．
Avoid dry，short answers． 4 ．Remember，conversations are a two-way street，so make sure you put in the effort to respond to the person you're texting．If someone asks you a question and you give them a one-word answer，you're forcing them to do all the work to keep the conversation flowing．
Ask about the other person's day．Show them you're interested in their life．Asking about someone's day is a pretty low-effort question that can actually lead to a lot of interesting conversations．Consider also telling them something about your day，so you have something to talk about if they don't have much to add．
Ask follow-up questions．Let the other person elaborate on their responses．Instead of moving on with the conversation，ask follow-up questions about what the other person just said． 5 and making an effort to engage with them．
A．Find the shared interest
B．Shift the focus to the other person
C．It's better to give the other person something to work with
D．Luckily，there are a ton of ways you can keep things interesting
E．This means that you are avoiding getting involved in a boring topic
F．This shows them that you're paying attention to what they' re saying
G．They encourage the other person to answer with more than “yes”or “no”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了如何通过文本聊天与新人建立联系或与老朋友保持联系，并提供了几种有效的对话技巧。
1．D　[前文“but sometimes it can be hard to figure out what to say next”提到通过文字交流有时很难知道接下来该说什么，后文“Ask open-ended questions．”，“Avoid dry，short answers．”等各段落则具体介绍了一些让交流更顺畅、有趣的方法。由此可知，设空句为承上启下句，既承接前文话题“文字交流”，也能引出后文“交流方法”。D选项在句意方面起到了承上启下的作用，引出后文的具体方法。故选D项。]
2．G　[前文“Open-ended questions require more thoughtful and detailed responses．”指出开放式问题需要更有深度和思考的回答，由此推知，设空句应是就该话题“开放式问题”进行进一步的解释，以使读者理解开放式问题的有用之处。G选项进一步说明了开放式问题的特点和作用，与前文逻辑连贯。故选G项。]
3．B　[设空句为该段主题句，应是该段主旨。根据后文内容“Ask the other person to tell you about something...If you feel like you've mainly been talking about yourself，redirect the conversation to the other person．”可知，该段主要内容是要让对方讲述一些事情，当感觉自己主要在谈论自己时，要把对话引向对方。B选项符合该段主旨，能够概括该段内容。故选B项。]
4．C　[根据主题句“Avoid dry，short answers．”可知，该段强调“避免回答得过于简短和枯燥”。设空句紧跟其后，应是具体解释什么样的回答是不简短的。选项C是对“不简短”的解释，同时表示一种建议或推荐，符合上下文的语气和逻辑。故选C项。]
5．F　[前文“Instead of moving on with the conversation，ask follow-up questions about what the other person just said．”提出要就对方的话题跟进，这是一项建议，由此推知，设空句应是就该建议的好处进行说明，以说服读者。F选项解释了问跟进问题的作用和意义，与前文逻辑一致。故选F项。]
题型组合练(六)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：50分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2026·湖北宜昌模拟)
A simple handshake may reveal more than just a greeting．A new study suggests that the way people shake hands could unconsciously communicate emotions and personality characteristics．
Dr．Emily Carter，a behavioral psychologist leading the research，studies non-verbal (非言语的) communication and its role in relationships．Her curiosity about handshakes began during a leadership workshop．She noticed that participants' handshakes varied significantly，and she wondered if these differences might carry meaningful information．To test her idea，she and her team conducted an experiment．
The researchers found 200 volunteers and recorded their handshakes using high-speed cameras and pressure sensors．Participants were asked to shake hands with strangers，friends，and colleagues under different situations，such as meeting for the first time，resolving a conflict，or celebrating success．The team also measured participants' heart rate and skin reactions to track emotional responses．
The findings were illuminating．Strong，firm handshakes were often associated with confidence and enthusiasm，while weaker handshakes tended to signal nervousness or discomfort．Notably，longer handshakes with slight upward movements were linked to excitement，while short，rigid ones reflected tension．The study also illustrated that the temperature and moisture (水分) of a person's hand could reflect their emotional state．Warmer，slightly sweaty hands were more common when participants felt anxious or stressed，while cooler，dry hands were linked to calmness．
Carter believes these insights have practical applications．For instance，business professionals could use handshake analysis to better understand their clients' emotions during negotiations．Similarly，advisors might use it as a tool to understand a client's emotional state without relying only on verbal communication．
However，Carter cautions that handshakes are just one piece of the puzzle．“Human interaction is complex，and something as simple as a handshake can speak volumes，”she says．As scientists continue to explore the mysteries of non-verbal communication，it's clear that no single gesture can tell the whole story．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究发现，握手方式能无意识地传递情绪与性格特质，同时还阐述了该研究的过程、结果、应用及对人际互动的启示。
1．How did Dr．Emily Carter and her team study handshakes
A．By conducting surveys．
B．By analyzing prior data．
C．By observing participants．
D．By interviewing volunteers．
√
C　[细节理解题。根据第三段可知，卡特博士及其团队通过使用设备记录志愿者在不同场景下的握手、心率和皮肤反应来研究握手，本质是对参与者的观察。故选C项。]
2．What does the underlined word “illuminating”in paragraph 4 mean
A．Convincing．　　　　　 B．Revealing．
C．Disturbing． D．Confusing．
√
B　[词义猜测题。第四段中的画线词后文详细阐述了研究得出的关于握手与情绪、性格关联的具体结论，这些结论是有启发意义、能揭示真相的，因此“illuminating”意为“揭示真相的；有启发作用的”，与“revealing”含义相近。故选B项。]
3．What can we learn about handshake analysis
A．It helps interpret hidden emotions．
B．It enhances communication skills．
C．It contributes to bonding with clients．
D．It facilitates the process of negotiations．
√
A　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A new study suggests that the way people shake hands could unconsciously communicate emotions and personality characteristics．”以及第五段中的“For instance，business professionals could use handshake analysis to better understand their clients' emotions during negotiations．Similarly，advisors might use it as a tool to understand a client's emotional state without relying only on verbal communication．”可知，握手分析有助于解读人们隐藏的情绪。故选A项。]
4．What can be inferred about human interaction according to the last paragraph
A．Non-verbal clues often mislead us．
B．Handshakes are key to communication．
C．One gesture cannot explain everything．
D．Body language speaks louder than words．
√
C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，卡特指出握手只是人际互动中的一部分，没有任何单一手势能解释所有情况。由此推知，在人际互动中，一个手势无法说明一切。故选C项。]
B
(2025·河北沧州二模)
Cross-culturally，men tend to report having a larger number of friends，but less intimate (亲密的) ones，than women．Women are also more likely than men to openly discuss the closeness of their relationships with their friends，and more likely to identify someone as a “best friend”．New research falls very much in line with that common sense．
Psychologist Keelah Willams and her colleagues explored sex differences in friendships in a series of studies published in the January 2022 issue of Evolution and Human Behavior．In the first study，213 American college students rated how important it was for same-sex friends to exhibit behaviors or qualities from nine different categories of friendship benefits．These categories included things such as offering social support，being able to help with finding new mating opportunities，and being a reliable friend during times of conflict．
The study showed men preferred that friends have wealth，status，and the ability to help them find new mating opportunities，while women expressed much more interest in friends who offered understanding and care，who would help them hang onto the mate they already had，and who could be relied upon to “have their back”in a conflict．
In the second study，Williams and her colleagues presented 250 individuals with three different hypothetical (假设的) amounts of money： $ 20， $ 40，or $ 60．The participants in the study were then asked to “design”a perfect same-sex friend by allotting money to the nine different friendship dimensions so that they spent the most money on the qualities that were most important to them and the least money on the ones that they cared less about．
When budgets were very generous，men and women did not differ much on their division of money，with everyone spreading the wealth around to get as much of the good stuff as possible．However，when budgets were limited，men invested much more in designing a friend who would be able to enhance their status and help them attract mates，whereas women spent more money on building a friend who would satisfy their emotional idealism．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现男女在交友方面的差异。
5．What were the participants required to do in the first study
A．Rate the importance of friendship qualities．
B．Discuss the closeness of their relationships．
C．Reflect on ways to avoid conflicts in relationships．
D．Complete a questionnaire about intimacy．
√
A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“In the first study，213 American college students rated how important it was for same-sex friends to exhibit behaviors or qualities from nine different categories of friendship benefits．”可知，在第一项研究中，参与者被要求评价友谊品质的重要性。故选A。]
6．What do women prioritize most according to the research
A．Social status． B．Mating opportunities．
C．Emotional support． D．Wealth．
√
C　[细节理解题。根据第三段内容“The study showed men preferred that friends have wealth，status，and the ability to help them find new mating opportunities，while women expressed much more interest in friends who offered understanding and care...and who could be relied upon to ‘have their back’ in a conflict．”可知，根据这项研究，女性最优先考虑的是情感支持。故选C。]
7．What does the underlined word “allotting”in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Withdrawing．　　　 B．Distributing．
C．Exchanging． D．Earning．
√
B　[词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“money to the nine different friendship dimensions so that they spent the most money on the qualities that were most important to them and the least money on the ones that they cared less about ”可知，此处指要求参与者把钱进行分配，故画线词意思是“分配”。故选B。]
8．What happened in the second study when participants had generous budgets
A．Both genders required a larger sum of money．
B．Women pursued emotional idealism more than men．
C．Men focused more on improving their status than women．
D．Both genders spent money evenly across friendship qualities．
√
D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中“When budgets were very generous，men and women did not differ much on their division of money，with everyone spreading the wealth around to get as much of the good stuff as possible．”可知，在第二项研究中，当参与者有慷慨的预算时，两种性别在友谊品质上的花费是相等的。故选D。]
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2026·广东肇庆模拟)
I wasn't sure why I set up the painting table．As a mother with four kids，time was a 1 I simply couldn't afford．After work and taking care of their sports，I 2 into bed exhausted each night．Even when I 3 the paints and brushes on the table，it felt pointless．I was too busy，and painting wasn't going to 4 ．Then insomnia (失眠) returned，and during 5 nights，I found myself cleaning and catching up on tasks．As the tasks increased，the painting table seemed to call me．
Initially，I 6 it．But one night，I finally sat down， 7 a brush and painted．I did the same thing the next night，and the next．After a week，I had been painting 8 ．I woke early，tidied up my 9 ，and started my day．One morning，as my kids finished breakfast，one of my daughters said，“Mom，you're nicer when you paint．” 10 ，I asked if that meant I wasn't nice normally．The kids explained that my painting made me happier，and they had noticed the 11 in me．
Painting had become a way to 12 myself．By making time for something I loved，even in small amounts，I discovered its 13 on my well-being．Now，whenever life gets 14 ，I recall their words and recognize that developing my own happiness is essential for being the best 15 of myself．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过绘画改变自我状态，重新找回幸福感的故事。
1．A．warmth　　　　　　　 B．luxury
C．routine D．requirement
B　[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“As a mother with four kids”以及下文“I simply couldn't afford”可知，作为四个孩子的母亲，忙于照顾家庭，时间对作者来说是一种奢侈品。故选B。]
√
2．A．ran B．collapsed
C．jumped D．paced
B　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“After work and taking care of their sports”以及下文“exhausted each night”可知，作者极度疲惫，collapsed into bed表示“累倒在床上”，符合语境。故选B。]
√
3．A．accessed B．clarified
C．arranged D．dropped
C　[考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“the paints and brushes on the table”可知，此处指把颜料和画笔放在桌子上。故选C。]
√
4．A．disappear B．stop
C．happen D．continue
C　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“I was too busy”可知，此处指作者太忙了，没时间画画。故选C。]
√
5．A．sleepless B．valueless
C．peaceful D．unnecessary
A　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“Then insomnia returned”可知，此处指失眠的夜晚。故选A。]
√
6．A．followed B．absorbed
C．comprehended D．ignored
D　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“As the tasks increased，the painting table seemed to call me．”以及下文“But one night，I finally sat down”可知，一开始作者忽略了画桌，但后来终于坐了下来。故选D。]
√
7．A．grabbed B．concentrated
C．created D．threw
A　[考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“a brush and painted”可知，此处指抓起一支画笔开始画画。故选A。]
√
8．A．fluently B．occasionally
C．ultimately D．consistently
D　[考查副词词义辨析。根据上文“I did the same thing the next night，and the next．”可知，一周后，作者已经能坚持画画了，consistently表示“持续地”。故选D。]
√
9．A．supplies B．offices
C．possessions D．books
A　[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“tidied up my”以及下文“and started my day”可知，此处指整理好绘画用品。故选A。]
√
10．A．Bored B．Surprised
C．Relieved D．Amused
B　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据女儿说的话“Mom，you're nicer when you paint．”可知，作者对女儿的话感到惊讶。故选B。]
√
11．A．stability B．change
C．hesitation D．faith
B　[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“my painting made me happier”可知，孩子们注意到了作者的变化。故选B。]
√
12．A．run into B．hunt for
C．care for D．put off
C　[考查动词短语辨析。根据下文“By making time for something I loved，even in small amounts”可知，作者通过画画照顾自己，满足个人需求。故选C。]
√
13．A．pressure B．decision
C．dependence D．impact
D　[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“my painting made me happier”以及下文“on my well-being”可知，画画对作者的身心健康产生了影响。故选D。]
√
14．A．enjoyable B．meaningful
C．simple D．challenging
D　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文“I recall their words and recognize that developing my own happiness is essential”可知，此处指每当生活变得有挑战性时。故选D。]
√
15．A．stage B．measure
C．version D．reputation
C　[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“being the best”以及下文“of myself”可知，此处指成为最好的自己，the best version of myself表示“最好的自我状态”。故选C。]
√
Ⅲ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Having few or no friends is becoming an increasing concern for some people．“It is 1．____________ (extreme) common to experience a lack of friendships．Many people feel like they don't have friends or that others don't understand them，”says Jessica Ermilio，a psychologist at Humantold．
extremely
According to Ermilio，there are many reasons why someone might struggle to make friends．Some people fear to get in touch 2．____________ other people because they feel nervous or uncertain about themselves．Some people avoid making friends because they're afraid of the 3．____________ (difficulty) that come with making friends．Other factors 4．____________ might make it more challenging for people to make friends include having social 5．____________ (anxious) disorder，preferring to stay alone，or not knowing where to look for new friends．
with
difficulties
that/which
anxiety
In fact，creating meaningful friendships 6．____________ (require) time．According to a study by researchers at the University of Kansas，a relationship takes about 50 hours together in the 7．____________ (share) activities to shift from just acquaintances (相识) to casual friends．The study found that it took more than 200 hours for a person 8．_______________ (consider) as a close friend．So be patient with making friends．
requires
shared
to be considered
The researchers also found the best friendship-building hours are those spent 9．____________ (carry) out enjoyable activities，whether it's just hanging out 10．____________ playing games．So，if you want to form more meaningful friendships with your co-workers，spend time together outside of work with them in social activities．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们交友困难的原因及建立友谊所需时间。
carrying
or
1．extremely　[考查副词。本空修饰形容词common，作状语，用副词extremely“极其”。故填extremely。]
2．with　[考查介词。get in touch with sb．是固定短语，表示“与某人接触”。故填with。]
3．difficulties　[考查名词复数。difficulty在此处表示“困难的事”，是可数名词。且that引导的定语从句中，that代替本空的单词作从句的主语，谓语用原形come可知，此处应用复数形式，表示不止一个困难的事。故填difficulties。]
4．that/which　[考查定语从句。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词factors，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。]
5．anxiety　[考查名词。social anxiety disorder为固定短语，意为“社交焦虑症”，此处用名词 anxiety“焦虑”，作定语，修饰disorder。故填anxiety。]
6．requires　[考查时态和主谓一致。本句陈述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语为动词-ing形式短语creating meaningful friendships，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填requires。]
7．shared　[考查形容词。此处修饰名词activities，用形容词shared“共享的”，作定语。故填shared。]
8．to be considered　[考查非谓语动词。it takes some time for sb．to do sth．是固定句型，表示“某人做某事需要一些时间”，其中it为形式主语，不定式作真正的主语，且person与consider“认为”之间是被动关系，用不定式的被动式to be considered。故填to be considered。]
9．carrying　[考查非谓语动词。carry out意为“进行”。spend time (in) doing sth．是固定短语，表示“花费时间做某事”，本空用carry的动词-ing形式，作宾语。故填carrying。]
10．or　[考查固定搭配。whether...or...是固定搭配，表示“无论是……还是……”。故填or。]
谢 谢 ！题型组合练(五)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：47.5分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·浙江台州二模)
Olivia and I became instant friends in a writing class many years ago．I made a joke about a poorly crafted story．While others just stared blankly，Olivia laughed．That moment marked the beginning of our bond．It's an example of how friendship often forms unexpectedly．
Recent research reveals that the development of closeness is actually more complex．Sociologists and psychologists have identified delicate but profound factors that draw people together，and even determine what defines a “best friend”．These interactions are extremely small but important；they are the “dark matter” of friendship．
Closeness and routine encounters lay the foundation for friendship．A classic study has shown that people often befriend those whom they regularly interact with—neighbors，colleagues or classmates．However，physical closeness alone isn't enough．Shared interests like hobbies or humor spark connections．In reality，true friendship blossoms when we go deeper and open up to each other．
Self-disclosure marks the shift from casual acquaintance to true friendship．A simple “Can I talk to you for a minute？” might initiate a deeper connection．As Sociologist Beverley Fehr explains in her book Friendship Processes，transforming from acquaintanceship to friendship involves gradually sharing more personal information．It's a reciprocal (互惠的) process：one person opens up，and the other responds in kind．
Reciprocity is the most decisive factor in developing friendship．When I started my first job in a bookstore，I grew close to an assistant．Almost every day we shared lunch with each other and bonded while working for a difficult boss．However，when she moved to a new job，our relationship began to change．I started sharing more about my personal life，but she never did the same．Eventually，our lunches petered out to once a month，before she drifted out of my life for good．I was eager to tell her my problems，but she was unwilling to share hers．The necessary reciprocity was missing，so our acquaintanceship never tipped over into friendship．
1．Why is Olivia mentioned in paragraph 1
A．To show a keen interest in writing．
B．To describe a mixed reaction to a joke．
C．To initiate the topic of friendship formation．
D．To illustrate the importance of humour sense．
2．What does “dark matter” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Conflict-free social factors．
B．Simple yet close connections．
C．Non-light-emitting materials．
D．Minute but significant interactions．
3．What stopped the author developing friendship with the assistant
A．The author's talkative personality．
B．The company's tight schedule．
C．The assistant's unresponsive behaviour．
D．The boss' unpleasant character．
4．What contributes most to a true friendship
A．Regular meeting．　　B．Mutual openness．
C．Common ground． D．Comfortable distance．
B
(2025·广东广州二模)
Most of us maintain an informal mental rank of our friendships．My friend R．went a step further by ranking his friends on a computer document．
The young man found himself dissatisfied with his social life—busy yet unfulfilled，and he built his friend list to diagnose why．He found that he had a small group of first-tier friends and a huge number of acquaintances．But the friends who caused him the most burden and stress were those in the middle ranks．Call them the “medium friends”．
R．told me about a certain friend．They were close during college but by their 30s，R．simply did not feel as connected to her as he once did．When this friend recently reached out for his support，his initial reaction was annoyance，followed by guilt．But she was pressing him in a way that felt too heavy，given what their friendship had become．He wrestled but did nothing．Emily Langan，a communication professor who studies friendship，described this as feeling guilty for not being more involved because they were just not that kind of friend．
Medium friends are genuine friends who share history or interests．They make you laugh or offer insights．But，unlike the closest friends，medium friends test the limits of your time，love and energy．There are so many dinners in a week，and so many people with whom you can be constantly texting．Medium friends prove it impossible to be all things to all people．And that is the problem with medium friends，the invisible lines you draw around them without ever being clarified—to them or even，possibly，to yourself．
Mutual sharing and caring in a context of trust is the foundation of every friendship．The tension in medium friendship is this absence of clarity，allowing for the possibility of what Claude Fischer，a sociologist，referred to in an interview as “asymmetric expectation”：You may like your medium friend less (or more) than they like you．
5．Why does the author mention R．'s friend list
A．To highlight the need to assess friendship．
B．To remind us to keep a balance in friendship．
C．To give an example of categorizing friends．
D．To show us the possible problem with friendship．
6．How did R．feel when his medium friend asked him for help
A．He felt she was asking too much．
B．He was too ready to lend a hand．
C．He was annoyed for not knowing how to help．
D．He felt guilty that she wasn't a close friend．
7．What is the main problem with medium friends
A．They provide limited love．
B．There is a lack of clear boundaries．
C．There are too many of them．
D．They are less reliable than expected．
8．What does the underlined word “asymmetric” in the last paragraph mean
A．Unrealistic．　　　 B．Annoying．
C．Unequal． D．Invisible．
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2026·云南昆明模拟)
The Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) and I have been friends for more than 80 years，surely some kind of record for romance these days．It plays a(n) 1 role in our friendship．The ROM may be shy about expressing 2 ，yet has always been rewarded with love when I approached it．My passion began when，as a 6-year-old，I skipped up the steps．At the top of the steps，the huge oak doors opened into a large room that combined elements of a castle，made of 3 shades of marble stone，and a shiny ceiling of gold．In the center of the floor 4 an enormous sunburst (艳阳)，its 5 reaching out to each corner．The ceiling was painted with bright symbols，so that looking upward 6 a burst of pure joy．Later in life，it's been my delight to visit the museum．
My first 7 was always at the dinosaurs．Then and now，they are my favorite 8 all the beautiful exhibits at the museum．I am fascinated by their huge 9 ．Over the years，I would still feel thrilled while in face of these giants．I came to feel at home in their weird presence，and even 10 a tear for one of the poor creatures who had died by 11 a tar pit (沥青坑)．
I may have developed friendships with other museums over the years but the ROM still 12 my heart．My latest adventure at the ROM was a celebration of my 90th birthday，when all my families enjoyed different displays．A 13 has replaced the swift feet 84 years ago，but the new delights on exhibition mix with my 14 joy in the beauty of this museum．Some friendships never 15 ．
1．A．subjective　　　　 B．passive
C．interactive D．defensive
2．A．affection B．regret
C．gratitude D．guilt
3．A．melting B．inspiring
C．varying D．concerning
4．A．stuck B．lay
C．stood D．marched
5．A．branches B．visions
C．senses D．rays
6．A．brought B．loaded
C．marked D．decreased
7．A．figure B．note
C．leg D．impression
8．A．together with B．from within
C．out of D．instead of
9．A．nerves B．sizes
C．existence D．appetite
10．A．formed B．dried
C．wiped D．shed
11．A．slipping from B．feeding on
C．pulling over D．sinking into
12．A．claims B．shelters
C．loses D．pursues
13．A．wheelchair B．lift
C．track D．slide
14．A．uncountable B．enduring
C．prior D．temporary
15．A．fail B．lie
C．die D．cheat
Ⅲ．七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Talking over text is a convenient way to get to know someone new or catch up with old friends，but sometimes it can be hard to figure out what to say next． 1 ．
Ask open-ended questions．Open-ended questions require more thoughtful and detailed responses． 2 ．If the other person just told you something about themselves，ask them to elaborate on that，or come up with your own open-ended question．This gives the other person an opportunity to talk about their interests in-depth．
3 ．Ask the other person to tell you about something．To have a good conversation，both people should be asking and answering questions．If you feel like you've mainly been talking about yourself，redirect the conversation to the other person．
Avoid dry，short answers． 4 ．Remember，conversations are a two-way street，so make sure you put in the effort to respond to the person you're texting．If someone asks you a question and you give them a one-word answer，you're forcing them to do all the work to keep the conversation flowing．
Ask about the other person's day．Show them you're interested in their life．Asking about someone's day is a pretty low-effort question that can actually lead to a lot of interesting conversations．Consider also telling them something about your day，so you have something to talk about if they don't have much to add．
Ask follow-up questions．Let the other person elaborate on their responses．Instead of moving on with the conversation，ask follow-up questions about what the other person just said． 5 and making an effort to engage with them．
A．Find the shared interest
B．Shift the focus to the other person
C．It's better to give the other person something to work with
D．Luckily，there are a ton of ways you can keep things interesting
E．This means that you are avoiding getting involved in a boring topic
F．This shows them that you're paying attention to what they' re saying
G．They encourage the other person to answer with more than “yes” or “no”
题型组合练(五)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了友谊形成的复杂因素，包括偶然相遇、共同兴趣、自我表露和互惠行为等，并通过个人经历和理论研究说明真正友谊的关键条件。
1．C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中“That moment marked the beginning of our bond．It's an example of how friendship often forms unexpectedly．”等内容可推知，提到Olivia是为了引出友谊形成的主题。故选C。]
2．D　[词义猜测题。根据第二段中“These interactions are extremely small but important；they are the ‘dark matter’ of friendship．”可推知，“dark matter”指的上文提到的这些微小但是很重要的互动。故选D。]
3．C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中“I started sharing more about my personal life，but she never did the same．．．The necessary reciprocity was missing，so our acquaintanceship never tipped over into friendship．”可知，助理的不回应行为阻碍了作者与助理的友谊发展。故选C。]
4．B　[推理判断题。根据第四段中“Self disclosure marks the shift from casual acquaintance to true friendship．．．It's a reciprocal process：one person opens up，and the other responds in kind．”和最后一段中“Reciprocity is the most decisive factor in developing friendship．”可推知，相互敞开心扉是发展友谊最为关键的因素。故选B。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了多数人会在心中对友谊进行非正式排序，作者的朋友R．则在电脑文档上给朋友排名。
5．D　[推理判断题。根据第二段“The young man found himself dissatisfied with his social life ．．．Call them the ‘medium friends’．”可知，作者提到 R．的朋友列表，R．通过对朋友进行排名发现自己社交生活存在问题，尤其是与“中等朋友”之间存在困扰，如当“中等朋友”寻求帮助时自己的复杂情绪等。由此推知，作者提及R．的朋友列表是为了向我们展示友谊中可能存在的问题。故选D项。]
6．A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“When this friend recently reached out for his support，his initial reaction was annoyance，followed by guilt．But she was pressing him in a way that felt too heavy，given what their friendship had become．”可知，当R．的“中等朋友”向他求助时，他最初的反应是烦恼，因为这位朋友施压的方式让他觉得太过沉重，考虑到他们现在的友谊状况，他觉得她要求得太多了。故选A项。]
7．B　[推理判断题。根据第四段中“And that is the problem with medium friends，the invisible lines you draw around them without ever being clarified—to them or even，possibly，to yourself．” 以及最后一段中“Mutual sharing and caring in a context of trust is the foundation of every friendship．The tension in medium friendship is this absence of clarity，allowing for the possibility of what Claude Fischer，a sociologist，referred to in an interview as‘asymmetric expectation’”可知，“中等朋友”之间的主要问题是存在不明确的界限，没有向对方甚至自己澄清这些界限，导致了可能出现的“不对称期望”。由此推知，B选项“缺乏明确的界限”正确。故选B项。]
8．C　[词义猜测题。根据前文提到的“中等朋友”之间存在的问题，即彼此之间的界限不明确，再结合最后一段中“You may like your medium friend less (or more) than they like you．”可知，“asymmetric expectation”指的是你对 “中等朋友” 的喜欢程度可能与他们对你的喜欢程度不相等。由此可知，“asymmetric”意思是“不相等的；不对称的”，与“unequal(不平等的)”意思相近。故选C项。]
Ⅱ．1－5　CACBD　6－10　ACCBD　11－15　DAABC
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了如何通过文本聊天与新人建立联系或与老朋友保持联系，并提供了几种有效的对话技巧。
1．D　[前文“but sometimes it can be hard to figure out what to say next”提到通过文字交流有时很难知道接下来该说什么，后文“Ask open ended questions．”，“Avoid dry，short answers．”等各段落则具体介绍了一些让交流更顺畅、有趣的方法。由此可知，设空句为承上启下句，既承接前文话题“文字交流”，也能引出后文“交流方法”。D选项在句意方面起到了承上启下的作用，引出后文的具体方法。故选D项。]
2．G　[前文“Open ended questions require more thoughtful and detailed responses．”指出开放式问题需要更有深度和思考的回答，由此推知，设空句应是就该话题“开放式问题”进行进一步的解释，以使读者理解开放式问题的有用之处。G选项进一步说明了开放式问题的特点和作用，与前文逻辑连贯。故选G项。]
3．B　[设空句为该段主题句，应是该段主旨。根据后文内容“Ask the other person to tell you about something．．．If you feel like you've mainly been talking about yourself，redirect the conversation to the other person．”可知，该段主要内容是要让对方讲述一些事情，当感觉自己主要在谈论自己时，要把对话引向对方。B选项符合该段主旨，能够概括该段内容。故选B项。]
4．C　[根据主题句“Avoid dry，short answers．”可知，该段强调“避免回答得过于简短和枯燥”。设空句紧跟其后，应是具体解释什么样的回答是不简短的。选项C是对“不简短”的解释，同时表示一种建议或推荐，符合上下文的语气和逻辑。故选C项。]
5．F　[前文“Instead of moving on with the conversation，ask follow up questions about what the other person just said．”提出要就对方的话题跟进，这是一项建议，由此推知，设空句应是就该建议的好处进行说明，以说服读者。F选项解释了问跟进问题的作用和意义，与前文逻辑一致。故选F项。]题型组合练(六)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：50分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2026·湖北宜昌模拟)
A simple handshake may reveal more than just a greeting．A new study suggests that the way people shake hands could unconsciously communicate emotions and personality characteristics．
Dr．Emily Carter，a behavioral psychologist leading the research，studies non-verbal (非言语的) communication and its role in relationships．Her curiosity about handshakes began during a leadership workshop．She noticed that participants' handshakes varied significantly，and she wondered if these differences might carry meaningful information．To test her idea，she and her team conducted an experiment．
The researchers found 200 volunteers and recorded their handshakes using high-speed cameras and pressure sensors．Participants were asked to shake hands with strangers，friends，and colleagues under different situations，such as meeting for the first time，resolving a conflict，or celebrating success．The team also measured participants' heart rate and skin reactions to track emotional responses．
The findings were illuminating．Strong，firm handshakes were often associated with confidence and enthusiasm，while weaker handshakes tended to signal nervousness or discomfort．Notably，longer handshakes with slight upward movements were linked to excitement，while short，rigid ones reflected tension．The study also illustrated that the temperature and moisture (水分) of a person's hand could reflect their emotional state．Warmer，slightly sweaty hands were more common when participants felt anxious or stressed，while cooler，dry hands were linked to calmness．
Carter believes these insights have practical applications．For instance，business professionals could use handshake analysis to better understand their clients' emotions during negotiations．Similarly，advisors might use it as a tool to understand a client's emotional state without relying only on verbal communication．
However，Carter cautions that handshakes are just one piece of the puzzle．“Human interaction is complex，and something as simple as a handshake can speak volumes，” she says．As scientists continue to explore the mysteries of non-verbal communication，it's clear that no single gesture can tell the whole story．
1．How did Dr．Emily Carter and her team study handshakes
A．By conducting surveys．
B．By analyzing prior data．
C．By observing participants．
D．By interviewing volunteers．
2．What does the underlined word “illuminating” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Convincing．　　　　　 B．Revealing．
C．Disturbing． D．Confusing．
3．What can we learn about handshake analysis
A．It helps interpret hidden emotions．
B．It enhances communication skills．
C．It contributes to bonding with clients．
D．It facilitates the process of negotiations．
4．What can be inferred about human interaction according to the last paragraph
A．Non-verbal clues often mislead us．
B．Handshakes are key to communication．
C．One gesture cannot explain everything．
D．Body language speaks louder than words．
B
(2025·河北沧州二模)
Cross-culturally，men tend to report having a larger number of friends，but less intimate (亲密的) ones，than women．Women are also more likely than men to openly discuss the closeness of their relationships with their friends，and more likely to identify someone as a “best friend”．New research falls very much in line with that common sense．
Psychologist Keelah Willams and her colleagues explored sex differences in friendships in a series of studies published in the January 2022 issue of Evolution and Human Behavior．In the first study，213 American college students rated how important it was for same-sex friends to exhibit behaviors or qualities from nine different categories of friendship benefits．These categories included things such as offering social support，being able to help with finding new mating opportunities，and being a reliable friend during times of conflict．
The study showed men preferred that friends have wealth，status，and the ability to help them find new mating opportunities，while women expressed much more interest in friends who offered understanding and care，who would help them hang onto the mate they already had，and who could be relied upon to “have their back” in a conflict．
In the second study，Williams and her colleagues presented 250 individuals with three different hypothetical (假设的) amounts of money：$20，$40，or $60．The participants in the study were then asked to “design” a perfect same-sex friend by allotting money to the nine different friendship dimensions so that they spent the most money on the qualities that were most important to them and the least money on the ones that they cared less about．
When budgets were very generous，men and women did not differ much on their division of money，with everyone spreading the wealth around to get as much of the good stuff as possible．However，when budgets were limited，men invested much more in designing a friend who would be able to enhance their status and help them attract mates，whereas women spent more money on building a friend who would satisfy their emotional idealism．
5．What were the participants required to do in the first study
A．Rate the importance of friendship qualities．
B．Discuss the closeness of their relationships．
C．Reflect on ways to avoid conflicts in relationships．
D．Complete a questionnaire about intimacy．
6．What do women prioritize most according to the research
A．Social status． B．Mating opportunities．
C．Emotional support． D．Wealth．
7．What does the underlined word “allotting” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Withdrawing．　　　B．Distributing．
C．Exchanging． D．Earning．
8．What happened in the second study when participants had generous budgets
A．Both genders required a larger sum of money．
B．Women pursued emotional idealism more than men．
C．Men focused more on improving their status than women．
D．Both genders spent money evenly across friendship qualities．
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2026·广东肇庆模拟)
I wasn't sure why I set up the painting table．As a mother with four kids，time was a 1 I simply couldn't afford．After work and taking care of their sports，I 2 into bed exhausted each night．Even when I 3 the paints and brushes on the table，it felt pointless．I was too busy，and painting wasn't going to 4 ．Then insomnia (失眠) returned，and during 5 nights，I found myself cleaning and catching up on tasks．As the tasks increased，the painting table seemed to call me．
Initially，I 6 it．But one night，I finally sat down， 7 a brush and painted．I did the same thing the next night，and the next．After a week，I had been painting 8 ．I woke early，tidied up my 9 ，and started my day．One morning，as my kids finished breakfast，one of my daughters said，“Mom，you're nicer when you paint．” 10 ，I asked if that meant I wasn't nice normally．The kids explained that my painting made me happier，and they had noticed the 11 in me．
Painting had become a way to 12 myself．By making time for something I loved，even in small amounts，I discovered its 13 on my well-being．Now，whenever life gets 14 ，I recall their words and recognize that developing my own happiness is essential for being the best 15 of myself．
1．A．warmth　　　　　　　 B．luxury
C．routine D．requirement
2．A．ran B．collapsed
C．jumped D．paced
3．A．accessed B．clarified
C．arranged D．dropped
4．A．disappear B．stop
C．happen D．continue
5．A．sleepless B．valueless
C．peaceful D．unnecessary
6．A．followed B．absorbed
C．comprehended D．ignored
7．A．grabbed B．concentrated
C．created D．threw
8．A．fluently B．occasionally
C．ultimately D．consistently
9．A．supplies B．offices
C．possessions D．books
10．A．Bored B．Surprised
C．Relieved D．Amused
11．A．stability B．change
C．hesitation D．faith
12．A．run into B．hunt for
C．care for D．put off
13．A．pressure B．decision
C．dependence D．impact
14．A．enjoyable B．meaningful
C．simple D．challenging
15．A．stage B．measure
C．version D．reputation
Ⅲ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Having few or no friends is becoming an increasing concern for some people．“It is 1．____________ (extreme) common to experience a lack of friendships．Many people feel like they don't have friends or that others don't understand them，” says Jessica Ermilio，a psychologist at Humantold．
According to Ermilio，there are many reasons why someone might struggle to make friends．Some people fear to get in touch 2．____________ other people because they feel nervous or uncertain about themselves．Some people avoid making friends because they're afraid of the 3．____________ (difficulty) that come with making friends．Other factors 4．____________ might make it more challenging for people to make friends include having social 5．____________ (anxious) disorder，preferring to stay alone，or not knowing where to look for new friends．
In fact，creating meaningful friendships 6．____________ (require) time．According to a study by researchers at the University of Kansas，a relationship takes about 50 hours together in the 7．____________ (share) activities to shift from just acquaintances (相识) to casual friends．The study found that it took more than 200 hours for a person 8．____________ (consider) as a close friend．So be patient with making friends．
The researchers also found the best friendship-building hours are those spent 9．____________ (carry) out enjoyable activities，whether it's just hanging out 10．____________ playing games．So，if you want to form more meaningful friendships with your co-workers，spend time together outside of work with them in social activities．
题型组合练(六)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究发现，握手方式能无意识地传递情绪与性格特质，同时还阐述了该研究的过程、结果、应用及对人际互动的启示。
1．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段可知，卡特博士及其团队通过使用设备记录志愿者在不同场景下的握手、心率和皮肤反应来研究握手，本质是对参与者的观察。故选C项。]
2．B　[词义猜测题。第四段中的画线词后文详细阐述了研究得出的关于握手与情绪、性格关联的具体结论，这些结论是有启发意义、能揭示真相的，因此“illuminating”意为“揭示真相的；有启发作用的”，与“revealing”含义相近。故选B项。]
3．A　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A new study suggests that the way people shake hands could unconsciously communicate emotions and personality characteristics．”以及第五段中的“For instance，business professionals could use handshake analysis to better understand their clients' emotions during negotiations．Similarly，advisors might use it as a tool to understand a client's emotional state without relying only on verbal communication．”可知，握手分析有助于解读人们隐藏的情绪。故选A项。]
4．C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，卡特指出握手只是人际互动中的一部分，没有任何单一手势能解释所有情况。由此推知，在人际互动中，一个手势无法说明一切。故选C项。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现男女在交友方面的差异。
5．A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“In the first study，213 American college students rated how important it was for same sex friends to exhibit behaviors or qualities from nine different categories of friendship benefits．”可知，在第一项研究中，参与者被要求评价友谊品质的重要性。故选A。]
6．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段内容“The study showed men preferred that friends have wealth，status，and the ability to help them find new mating opportunities，while women expressed much more interest in friends who offered understanding and care．．．and who could be relied upon to ‘have their back’ in a conflict．”可知，根据这项研究，女性最优先考虑的是情感支持。故选C。]
7．B　[词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“money to the nine different friendship dimensions so that they spent the most money on the qualities that were most important to them and the least money on the ones that they cared less about ”可知，此处指要求参与者把钱进行分配，故画线词意思是“分配”。故选B。]
8．D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中“When budgets were very generous，men and women did not differ much on their division of money，with everyone spreading the wealth around to get as much of the good stuff as possible．”可知，在第二项研究中，当参与者有慷慨的预算时，两种性别在友谊品质上的花费是相等的。故选D。]
Ⅱ．1－5　BBCCA　6－10　DADAB　11－15　BCDDC
Ⅲ．1．extremely　2．with　3．difficulties　4．that/which
5．anxiety　6．requires　7．shared　8．to be considered
9．carrying　10．or

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