资源简介

1．relate vi．& vt．联系，使有联系；叙述，讲述(relation n．联系 related adj．相关的；有联系的)
◎relate sth．to sth．　 把某事物和某事物联
系起来
relate sth．to sb． 向某人叙述/讲述某事
relate to 涉及；与……有关；谈到
◎in/with relation to 关于
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The reasons relate to a variety of factors，including reduced concentration，an entertainment mindset and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content．
原因涉及多种因素，包括注意力不集中、娱乐心态以及在消费数字内容时倾向于多任务处理。
2．means n．方法，方式；财富，钱财
◎by this means　　 用这种方法
by means of... 依靠……方法；借助……手段
by all means 可以；务必；当然行
by no means 绝不；一点也不(位于句首时，
句子用部分倒装)
◎By no means could I have improved my English level without your generous help and guidance．
没有你的慷慨帮助和指导，我根本不可能提高我的英语水平。
3．arise vi．发生，出现；(由……)引起，(因……)产生
arise from＝arise out of　 由……引起/产生；
从……中产生
arise from one's chair/seat 从椅子/座位上站起来
◎(2023·上海卷)One day，a dispute arose in the kingdom．Two farmers were arguing about the ownership of a piece of land．
一天，王国里发生了一件纠纷。两个农夫为一块土地的所有权而争执。
4．prohibit vt．(尤指以法令)禁止；使不可能(prohibition n．禁令，禁止 prohibited adj．被禁止的)
◎prohibit (one's) doing sth． 禁止(某人)做某事
prohibit sb．from doing sth． 禁止/阻止某人做某事
◎prohibition on/against... 对……的禁止/反对
◎It helps to prohibit the negative effects of prolonged sitting，such as back pain and stiffness．
它有助于防止长时间坐着的负面影响，如背部疼痛和僵硬。
5．debate vt．& vi．讨论，辩论；仔细考虑，思考 n．讨论，争论；辩论
◎debate with sb．on/about/over sth．
和某人就某事讨论/辩论
debate wh-从句/wh-＋to do 讨论/辩论……
debate doing sth． 考虑做某事
◎a debate on/over/about... 关于……的辩论
under debate 正在讨论中
◎Our class debated whether to hold the sports meet indoors last week．
上周，我们班就是否要在室内举办运动会展开了讨论。
6．withdraw vi．& vt．(withdrew，withdrawn) 脱离(社会)，不与人交往；(使)撤回；(使)退出；停止提供(withdrawal n．撤回；取回)
withdraw money 取钱
withdraw (sb．/sth．) from (使)撤回/退出
withdraw into oneself 脱离(社会)；不与人交往
◎Henry David Thoreau was happy to withdraw from contemporary life，seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life．
亨利·大卫·梭罗乐于从当代生活中抽身出来，在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。
7．equip vt．配备；使有能力 (equipment n．设备)
◎equip...with...　 给……装备/配备上……
equip...to do sth． 使……有能力做某事
equip sb．for (doing) sth． 使某人为(做)某事做好准备
be poorly/well equipped 装备较差的/精良的
◎a piece of equipment 一件设备
◎(2024·天津卷)In my school，every classroom is equipped with a big touch screen，so we don't use blackboards anymore．
在我的学校，每个教室都配备了一个大触摸屏，所以我们不再使用黑板。
8．disturb vt．使不安；打扰；搅乱[disturbance n．干扰，(受)打扰 disturbed adj．心烦意乱的；心神不安的 disturbing adj．令人不安的；引起烦恼的]
◎It disturbs sb．to do sth．
做某事使某人不安。
◎be disturbed by/about/at... 对……感到忧虑/不安
be disturbed to do sth． 对做某事感到不安
be disturbed that... 担心……
◎(2024·天津卷)Coffee may cause sleep disturbance，especially when consumed in large amounts or after 2 p．m．
咖啡可能会引起睡眠障碍，尤其是大量饮用后或在下午两点以后饮用。
9．adjust vt．& vi．调整，调节；适应，习惯；整理 (adjustment n．调整；调节；适应 adjustable adj．可调整的)
◎adjust...to...　　 调整……以适应……
adjust oneself to... 使自己适应……
adjust to (doing)sth． 适应/习惯(做)某事
◎make an adjustment/adjustments to sth．
对某物作出调整
◎(2023·天津卷)When Lisa moved to a new city，she had a hard time adjusting to her new surroundings．
当丽莎搬到一个新的城市时，她很难适应新的环境。
10．date back to追溯到，始于，自……至今
◎date from...　　 追溯到……
date back to... 追溯到……
◎out of date 过时的；陈旧的
up to date 最新的；新式的；现代的
to date 迄今为止；到目前为止
(1)date back to和date from用于一般现在时；
(2)作后置定语时常用date back to和date from的动词-ing形式。
◎Dating back to the 18th century，Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history．
京剧的起源可以追溯到18世纪，距今已有两百多年的历史。
1．Over the course of my career，I have seen many wonderful scientific developments，but none are as game-changing as genome editing．(“nothing/nobody/none...＋as/so＋原级＋as”表示最高级)
在我的职业生涯中，我见证了许多了不起的科学发展，但没有一个能像基因组编辑那样具有颠覆性。
2．With the advancement in robotic technology，artificial limbs can now perform much more complex tasks and come closer to real human limbs．(with复合结构)
随着机器人技术的进步，假肢现在可以执行更复杂的任务，更接近真实的人类肢体。
3．Needles are pushed into the skin at these points so that a health problem can be treated．(so that引导状语从句)
针被插在皮肤的这些部位，这样健康问题就可以得到治疗。
4．Up to now，more than 360 acupuncture points have been identified，each linked to a different part of the body．(独立主格结构)
到目前为止，已有360多个针刺穴位被确认，每个穴位对应身体的一个不同部位。
5．“疑问词＋不定式”结构
We have to figure out how to keep the technology from running wild．
我们必须想办法防止技术失控。
◎“疑问词＋不定式”结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等句子成分。
◎“疑问词＋不定式”结构中，疑问词包括疑问代词(who，what，which)和疑问副词(when，where，how)。
◎“疑问词＋不定式”结构中，不定式必须用主动式而不能用被动式。
◎whether后可接不定式，或与or连用，而if不能。
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)He looked at me in disbelief，asking me what to do．
他难以置信地看着我，问我该怎么办。
◎(2024·北京卷)More generally，social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world．
更广泛地说，社会本能促使我们学习如何在一个复杂的社会世界中行事。
6．without引导的含蓄条件句
Without them，genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control．
如果没有适当的控制措施，基因组编辑可能会像失控的汽车一样危险。
◎“without/but for/with＋名词”可代替if引导的虚拟条件句，主句用虚拟语气；without/but for表示否定的条件，with表示肯定的条件。
◎在这种含蓄条件句中，句子谓语动词的变化如下：
(1)与现在事实相反：谓语动词用would/could/should/might＋动词原形。
(2)与过去事实相反：谓语动词用would/could/should/might ＋ have done。
(3)与将来事实相反：谓语动词用would/could/should/might＋动词原形。
◎but，otherwise，or等也常用来表示虚拟条件。
◎(2024·北京卷)Finally，I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab．
最后，我做了一个优雅的实验，如果没有实验室成员的帮助，这个实验是不可能进行的。
Ⅰ．重点词汇对点练
1．relate
①(人教版选择性必修第二册Unit 3)Put more simply，this means“You are what you eat．” Most people today relate this saying ________ healthy eating．
②You are encouraged to upload photos，short videos and emojis ____________ (relate) to our festivals on popular social media．
③Campus bullying does great harm to people in ____________ (relate) to it．
④(读后续写之感悟)当她把这个故事讲给我听后，我想这个行动真的很感人。
After she ________________________，I thought about how touching this deed really was．
2．means
①(人教版必修第一册Unit 5)Written Chinese has also become an important means ________ which China's present is connected with its past．
②Plenty of technical means ______________ (try)，but the machine still fails to start．
③As is often suggested，we should try to deal with everything in a peaceful way rather than by means ________ force．
④(应用文写作之建议表达)惩罚绝不是帮助孩子身心成长的明智选择。
Punishment is ________________________ to help children grow physically and mentally．
→____________________________________ to help children grow physically and mentally．(倒装句)
3．arise
①(外研版选择性必修第四册Unit 1)Of course，the greatest dilemmas arise ________ moral problems，when we are uncertain which choice results in doing the right thing．
②(读后续写之动作描写)看到丈夫来回踱步，女人从座位上站起来，让他停下来。
Seeing her husband pacing back and forth，the woman ________________________ and asked him to stop．
4．prohibit
①(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 5)In fact，some pesticides like DDT have been ________ (prohibit) in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment．
②Our city will prohibit ____________ (bicycle) on sidewalks，but make exceptions for children under a certain age．
③The environmental group is demanding a complete ____________ (prohibit) against the hunting of whales．
④(应用文写作之环境保护)为了创建更干净的环境，禁止每个人乱扔垃圾。
To create cleaner surroundings，everyone ________________________ littering everywhere．
5．debate
①He debated ____________ our maths teacher about the answer to the question this morning．
②One of the questions ____________ debate is whether education is a lifetime study．
③There is a heated debate ______________ whether some conventional customs should be abolished．
④(读后续写之人物描写)她打算不辞而别，但又决定不这样做。
She ________________________________ anything but decided against it．
6．withdraw
①Poor profits resulted in the company's ____________ (withdraw) from its computer games and entertainment business．
②There was a loss of confidence in the time of an economic crisis，and people wanted to withdraw their money __________ the banks．
③(读后续写之人物描写)生意失败后，他变得郁郁寡欢，渐渐地孤僻起来。
He got depressed after business failure and gradually ________________________．
7．equip
①(北师大版必修第一册Unit 2)It is a great sport for beginners—you do not need a gym membership or any special ____________ (equip)．
②The more knowledge you learn，the more equipped you will be __________ your future．
③When you're older I think you're better ____________ (equip) mentally to cope with whatever happens．
④(应用文写作之申请信)我具备出色的组织能力和创造性的解决问题的能力，这使我成为这个职位的优秀候选人。
________________________________________ and creative problem-solving abilities，which makes me a good candidate for the position．
8．disturb
①(人教版选择性必修第四册Unit 1)Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human，and it was ____________ (disturb)．
②The artist herself appeared ____________(disturb) by the personal nature of the questions asked during the Q&A session．
③I was deeply disturbed ____________ (hear) the sorrowful news．
④(读后续写之心理描写)得知你在事故中受了伤，我真的很不安。
____________________________________ that you have been injured in the accident．
9．adjust
①(外研版选择性必修第三册Unit 1)Yet there was so much melancholy and so much gentleness spread over all this that she gradually adjusted ________ it．
②I tried to stay calm，decide whether to take her suggestions and then make ____________ (adjustment) accordingly．
③The experience tested humans' ability to adjust ____________ (they) to the sudden huge changes in living conditions and environments．
④(读后续写之环境描写)突然一阵狂风吹灭了他的火把，山洞里立刻一片漆黑。过了几秒钟。他的眼睛才逐渐适应了黑暗。
A sudden gust of wind blew out his torch and an absolute darkness ruled the cave immediately．It took seconds _______________________________．
10．date back to
①(外研版必修第二册Unit 4)Dating back ________ the 18th century，Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history．
②Every year，a good many tourists are attracted to visit the old tower which dates __________ the eleventh century．
③________ date，China's high-speed rail products and technology have been exported to nearly 100 countries and regions on six continents．
④(读后续写之景物描写)这片丘陵地区生长着一些世界上最古老的松树，有些可以追溯到一万年前。
The hilly region is home to some of the world's oldest pine trees，__________________．(独立主格结构)
Ⅱ．高频词汇精准练
1．A serious accident ____________ Tom，and in spite of his ____________，the ____________ man always keeps an optimistic state of mind．(disable)
2．Children normally feel a great deal of ________ about their exams，which their parents are also ____________ about．(anxious)
3．Scientists have been wrestling __________ the location of genetic markers for decades，and still have a long way to go．
4．(应用文写作之文化介绍)The fun game gained popularity during the Tang Dynasty，when stores specializing ________ the shuttlecock business appeared．
5．The student restricted herself to ____________(focus) on the study of English for the next three months to prepare for the exam．
Ⅲ．多义词汇语段练(依次写出语段中黑体单词的词性及含义)
1．After the night shift worker decided to switch shifts with his colleague，he carefully flipped the power switch on the assembly line，initiating a smooth switch from producing car engines to manufacturing electric vehicle batteries．
①________________　②________________
③________________
2．Fossil fuels like coal and oil have long been the primary energy source，but their use fuels environmental concerns about climate change．
①________________　②________________
3．The tragic news of the earthquake affected him deeply，as his hometown was one of the areas worst affected by the disaster，and he worried about how the aftermath would affect his family's future．
①________________　②________________　③________________
4．The investigation exposed systemic abuse of power by the institution，including physical abuse of foster children in its care and verbal abuse from staff who demeaned victims，prompting public outrage and calls for reform．
①________________　②________________
③________________
5．In the historical museum，visitors can explore exhibits about human organs，listen to recordings of a restored 19th-century organ，and learn about the role of civic organs in shaping local communities．
①________________　②________________　③________________
Ⅳ．阅读词汇语境练(写出句中黑体词的词性及含义)
1．A type specimen is used as the standard reference for identifying a species． ________________
2．My parents thought it was abnormal for a boy to be interested in ballet． ________________
3．As simple as the name suggests，Walking Football is definitely just playing football at walking pace． ________________
4．I want to buy such kinds of tickets as don't restrict me to travelling． ________________
5．For years，a farmer called John has been devoted to tackling the problem of hunger． ________________
6．Before you help him to his feet，you should examine his body carefully． ________________
Ⅴ．写作句式迁移练
1．此外，因为演讲是我的强项，我知道在某些场合该说什么。(疑问词＋不定式)
Besides，since making speeches is my strength，___________________________．
2．我的同学建议制作单词卡，这样我就可以随时随地地阅读单词。(so that引导目的状语从句)
My classmates suggested making word cards _____________________．
3．没有您对我无私的关爱，我不可能有现在这样灿烂的人生。(without引导的虚拟条件句)
Without your selfless devotion to me，____________________________________．
4．这幅美丽的油画让她的妈妈激动不已，笑容满面。 (with复合结构)
Her mother was thrilled at the beautiful painting，__________________________．
5．若全面考虑，锻炼不仅有益于我们的健康，而且能提高学习效率。(独立主格结构)
________________________，not only does exercise benefit our health but also it can improve our learning efficiency．
近年来，中学生近视率呈上升趋势。请你为学校“英语园地”宣传栏写一份倡议书，呼吁大家合理用眼，保护视力。倡议书内容包括：
1．倡议的原因和目的；
2．提出合理用眼的建议。
注意：写作词数应为80个左右。
①受到青少年近视率上升的困扰，我们发起了这项倡议，以提高人们保护眼睛的意识。(disturb)
_____________________________________，we are launching this initiative to raise awareness about eye protection．
②随着智能手机和数码设备成为日常必需品，我们中的许多人都在与过度使用电子设备作斗争，这严重威胁着我们的视力。(with的复合结构，wrestle with)
_____________________________________________________________________，
many of us wrestle with excessive screen time，which seriously threatens our eyesight．
③为了解决这个问题，这里有一些实用的建议。(tackle)
________________________，here are some practical tips．
④将每天看屏幕的时间限制在两小时以内，定期休息以调整视力。(restrict，adjust)
_________________ to less than two hours，taking regular breaks to ______________．
⑤禁止在昏暗的光线下或躺着看书，书要离眼睛30厘米远。(prohibit，with的复合结构)
_________________ or while lying down，_______________________________．
⑥ 经常做眼保健操，多待在户外，让眼睛自然地放松。(so that引导目的状语从句)
Do eye exercises regularly and spend more time outdoors，______________________．
把以上句子用适当的过渡词或过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
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蹑步前行 crawl，creep，inch，tiptoe，drag one's feet，raise oneself on tiptoe 攀登跳跃 scramble，climb，jump，leap/skip/spring to one's feet，hop
腿脚动作 kick，tread，slip，tap/stamp one's feet，march，stride，chase，flee，stride confidently，march in step 腿间姿势 rise/get to one's feet，jump/leap to one's feet，put one's feet up，shaky/trembling legs，cross one's legs，plant one's feet
微情景1　“灾难求生”—— 卡车翻坠后的 “脚” 动
Rocky was asleep on the front seat of their truck，①____________________(盘着腿)．Suddenly，the truck turned over down to a valley．Rocky struggled to ②____________________(从卡车里爬出来)through narrow space．Then he ③________________________(穿过开着的窗户溜进去)，trying to pull his brother out，but in vain．Rocky felt his way in the dark and ④________________________(成功地爬到了路上)．⑤______________________(他站了起来)on shaky legs，Rocky yelled out aloud for help．
微情景 2　“健康生活”——活力晨跑的“脚”动
Emma decided to transform her lifestyle for health．Each morning，she'd ①________________ (从床上跳起来)energetically and ②____________________(绕着公园慢跑)．Sometimes，she'd stop to do lunges，③________________________(感觉腿部肌肉在努力工作)．After work，instead of sitting，she'd stand and walk in place while on calls．She even started ④________________________(在地板上爬行) for a fun，new core workout．
选择性必修第二册　UNIT 3
自查区　单元词句精练
Ⅰ．1．①to　②related　③relation　④related this story to me　2．①by　②have been tried　③of　④by no means a wise choice；By no means is punishment a wise choice　3．①from　②arose from her seat　4．①prohibited　②bicycling
③prohibition　④is prohibited from　5．①with　②under　③about/on/over　④debated leaving without saying
6．①withdrawal　②from　③withdrew into himself
7．①equipment　②for　③equipped　④I'm equipped with remarkable organizational skills　8．①disturbing　②disturbed　③to hear　④It really disturbs me to know　9．①to
②adjustments　③themselves　④before his eyes gradually adjusted to the darkness　10．①to　②from　③To　④some dating back to ten thousand years ago
Ⅱ．1．disabled；disability；disabled　2．anxiety；anxious　3．with　4．in　5．focusing
Ⅲ．1．①vt．调班　②n．开关　③n．转变　2．①n．燃料　②vt．增加　3．①vt．深深打动　②vt．侵袭　③vt．影响　4．①n．滥用　②n．虐待　③n．辱骂　5．①n．器官　②n．风琴
③n．机构
Ⅳ．1．vt．确认　2．adj．反常的　3．n．速度　4．vt．限制
5．vt．解决　6．vt．检查
Ⅴ．1．I know what to say on certain occasions　2．so that I could read the words whenever and wherever　3．I wouldn't have such a bright life now　4．with a broad smile spreading across her face　5．All things considered
练表达　主题引领写作
应用文写作
完成句子
①Disturbed by the rising myopia rate among teenagers　②With smartphones and digital devices becoming daily necessities　③To tackle this issue　④Restrict your daily screen time；adjust your eyesight　⑤Prohibit reading in dim light；with books 30 cm away from your eyes　⑥so that your eyes can relax naturally
组句成篇
Disturbed by the rising myopia rate among teenagers，we are launching this initiative to raise awareness about eye protection．With smartphones and digital devices becoming daily necessities，many of us wrestle with excessive screen time，which seriously threatens our eyesight．
To tackle this issue，here are some practical tips．First，restrict your daily screen time to less than two hours，taking regular breaks to adjust your eyesight．Second，prohibit reading in dim light or while lying down，with books 30 cm away from your eyes．Third，do eye exercises regularly and spend more time outdoors，so that your eyes can relax naturally．
In these ways，we can protect ourselves from becoming nearsighted．
读后续写
语料运用
微情景1　①with his legs crossed　②crawl out of the truc
③slid through the open window　④successfully climbed up to the road　⑤Rising to his feet
微情景2　①jump out of bed　②jog around the park　③feeling her leg muscles work hard　④crawling on the floor(共131张PPT)
选择性必修第二册　UNIT 3　Fit for life
第一部分 教材知识讲练
单元主题串记
自学区——单元词句复盘
重点词汇
1．relate vi．& vt．联系，使有联系；叙述，讲述(relation n．联系 related adj．相关的；有联系的)
知识归纳
◎relate sth．to sth．　 把某事物和某事物联系起来
relate sth．to sb． 向某人叙述/讲述某事
relate to 涉及；与……有关；谈到
◎in/with relation to 关于
佳句输入
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The reasons relate to a variety of factors，including reduced concentration，an entertainment mindset and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content．
原因涉及多种因素，包括注意力不集中、娱乐心态以及在消费数字内容时倾向于多任务处理。
2．means n．方法，方式；财富，钱财
知识归纳
◎by this means　 用这种方法
by means of... 依靠……方法；借助……手段
by all means 可以；务必；当然行
by no means 绝不；一点也不(位于句首时，
句子用部分倒装)
佳句输入
◎By no means could I have improved my English level without your generous help and guidance．
没有你的慷慨帮助和指导，我根本不可能提高我的英语水平。
3．arise vi．发生，出现；(由……)引起，(因……)产生
知识归纳
arise from＝arise out of　 由……引起/产生；从……中产生
arise from one's chair/seat 从椅子/座位上站起来
佳句输入
◎(2023·上海卷)One day，a dispute arose in the kingdom．Two farmers were arguing about the ownership of a piece of land．
一天，王国里发生了一件纠纷。两个农夫为一块土地的所有权而争执。
4．prohibit vt．(尤指以法令)禁止；使不可能(prohibition n．禁令，禁止 prohibited adj．被禁止的)
知识归纳
◎prohibit (one's) doing sth．　 禁止(某人)做某事
prohibit sb．from doing sth． 禁止/阻止某人做某事
◎prohibition on/against... 对……的禁止/反对
佳句输入
◎It helps to prohibit the negative effects of prolonged sitting，such as back pain and stiffness．
它有助于防止长时间坐着的负面影响，如背部疼痛和僵硬。
5．debate vt．& vi．讨论，辩论；仔细考虑，思考 n．讨论，争论；辩论
知识归纳
◎debate with sb．on/about/over sth．
　　　　　 和某人就某事讨论/辩论
debate wh-从句/wh-＋to do 讨论/辩论……
debate doing sth． 考虑做某事
◎a debate on/over/about... 关于……的辩论
under debate 正在讨论中
佳句输入
◎Our class debated whether to hold the sports meet indoors last week．
上周，我们班就是否要在室内举办运动会展开了讨论。
6．withdraw vi．& vt．(withdrew，withdrawn) 脱离(社会)，不与人交往；(使)撤回；(使)退出；停止提供(withdrawal n．撤回；取回)
知识归纳
withdraw money　　　　　 取钱
withdraw (sb．/sth．) from (使)撤回/退出
withdraw into oneself 脱离(社会)；不与人交往
佳句输入
◎Henry David Thoreau was happy to withdraw from contemporary life，seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life．
亨利·大卫·梭罗乐于从当代生活中抽身出来，在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。
7．equip vt．配备；使有能力 (equipment n．设备)
知识归纳
◎equip...with...　 给……装备/配备上……
equip...to do sth． 使……有能力做某事
equip sb．for (doing) sth． 使某人为(做)某事做好准备
be poorly/well equipped 装备较差的/精良的
◎a piece of equipment 一件设备
佳句输入
◎(2024·天津卷)In my school，every classroom is equipped with a big touch screen，so we don't use blackboards anymore．
在我的学校，每个教室都配备了一个大触摸屏，所以我们不再使用黑板。
8．disturb vt．使不安；打扰；搅乱[disturbance n．干扰，(受)打扰 disturbed adj．心烦意乱的；心神不安的 disturbing adj．令人不安的；引起烦恼的]
知识归纳
◎It disturbs sb．to do sth．　 做某事使某人不安。
◎be disturbed by/about/at... 对……感到忧虑/不安
be disturbed to do sth． 对做某事感到不安
be disturbed that... 担心……
佳句输入
◎(2024·天津卷)Coffee may cause sleep disturbance，especially when consumed in large amounts or after 2 p．m．
咖啡可能会引起睡眠障碍，尤其是大量饮用后或在下午两点以后饮用。
9．adjust vt．& vi．调整，调节；适应，习惯；整理 (adjustment n．调整；调节；适应 adjustable adj．可调整的)
知识归纳
◎adjust...to...　　 调整……以适应……
adjust oneself to... 使自己适应……
adjust to (doing)sth． 适应/习惯(做)某事
◎make an adjustment/adjustments to sth．
对某物作出调整
佳句输入
◎(2023·天津卷)When Lisa moved to a new city，she had a hard time adjusting to her new surroundings．
当丽莎搬到一个新的城市时，她很难适应新的环境。
10．date back to追溯到，始于，自……至今
知识归纳
◎date from...　 追溯到……
date back to... 追溯到……
◎out of date 过时的；陈旧的
up to date 最新的；新式的；现代的
to date 迄今为止；到目前为止
思维拓展
(1)date back to和date from用于一般现在时；
(2)作后置定语时常用date back to和date from的动词-ing形式。
佳句输入
◎Dating back to the 18th century，Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history．
京剧的起源可以追溯到18世纪，距今已有两百多年的历史。
句型公式
1．Over the course of my career，I have seen many wonderful scientific developments，but none are as game-changing as genome editing．(“nothing/nobody/none...＋as/so＋原级＋as”表示最高级)
在我的职业生涯中，我见证了许多了不起的科学发展，但没有一个能像基因组编辑那样具有颠覆性。
2．With the advancement in robotic technology，artificial limbs can now perform much more complex tasks and come closer to real human limbs．(with复合结构)
随着机器人技术的进步，假肢现在可以执行更复杂的任务，更接近真实的人类肢体。
3．Needles are pushed into the skin at these points so that a health problem can be treated．(so that引导状语从句)
针被插在皮肤的这些部位，这样健康问题就可以得到治疗。
4．Up to now，more than 360 acupuncture points have been identified，each linked to a different part of the body．(独立主格结构)
到目前为止，已有360多个针刺穴位被确认，每个穴位对应身体的一个不同部位。
5．“疑问词＋不定式”结构
We have to figure out how to keep the technology from running wild．
我们必须想办法防止技术失控。
句式分析
◎“疑问词＋不定式”结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等句子成分。
◎“疑问词＋不定式”结构中，疑问词包括疑问代词(who，what，which)和疑问副词(when，where，how)。
◎“疑问词＋不定式”结构中，不定式必须用主动式而不能用被动式。
◎whether后可接不定式，或与or连用，而if不能。
佳句输入
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)He looked at me in disbelief，asking me what to do．
他难以置信地看着我，问我该怎么办。
◎(2024·北京卷)More generally，social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world．
更广泛地说，社会本能促使我们学习如何在一个复杂的社会世界中行事。
6．without引导的含蓄条件句
Without them，genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control．
如果没有适当的控制措施，基因组编辑可能会像失控的汽车一样危险。
句式分析
◎“without/but for/with＋名词”可代替if引导的虚拟条件句，主句用虚拟语气；without/but for表示否定的条件，with表示肯定的条件。
◎在这种含蓄条件句中，句子谓语动词的变化如下：
(1)与现在事实相反：谓语动词用would/could/should/might＋动词原形。
(2)与过去事实相反：谓语动词用would/could/should/might ＋ have done。
(3)与将来事实相反：谓语动词用would/could/should/might＋动词原形。
◎but，otherwise，or等也常用来表示虚拟条件。
佳句输入
◎(2024·北京卷)Finally，I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab．
最后，我做了一个优雅的实验，如果没有实验室成员的帮助，这个实验是不可能进行的。
自查区——单元词句精炼
Ⅰ．重点词汇对点练
1．relate
①(人教版选择性必修第二册Unit 3)Put more simply，this means“You are what you eat．” Most people today relate this saying __ healthy eating．
②You are encouraged to upload photos，short videos and emojis _______ (relate) to our festivals on popular social media．
to
related
③Campus bullying does great harm to people in ________ (relate) to it．
④(读后续写之感悟)当她把这个故事讲给我听后，我想这个行动真的很感人。
After she ________________________，I thought about how touching this deed really was．
relation
related this story to me
2．means
①(人教版必修第一册Unit 5)Written Chinese has also become an important means __ which China's present is connected with its past．
②Plenty of technical means _______________ (try)，but the machine still fails to start．
③As is often suggested，we should try to deal with everything in a peaceful way rather than by means __ force．
by
have been tried
of
④(应用文写作之建议表达)惩罚绝不是帮助孩子身心成长的明智选择。
Punishment is _________________________ to help children grow physically and mentally．
→_____________________________________ to help children grow physically and mentally．(倒装句)
by no means a wise choice
By no means is punishment a wise choice
3．arise
①(外研版选择性必修第四册Unit 1)Of course，the greatest dilemmas arise ____ moral problems，when we are uncertain which choice results in doing the right thing．
②(读后续写之动作描写)看到丈夫来回踱步，女人从座位上站起来，让他停下来。
Seeing her husband pacing back and forth，the woman ______________
_______ and asked him to stop．
from
arose from her
seat
4．prohibit
①(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 5)In fact，some pesticides like DDT have been __________ (prohibit) in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment．
②Our city will prohibit _________ (bicycle) on sidewalks，but make exceptions for children under a certain age．
prohibited
bicycling
③The environmental group is demanding a complete ___________ (prohibit) against the hunting of whales．
④(应用文写作之环境保护)为了创建更干净的环境，禁止每个人乱扔垃圾。
To create cleaner surroundings，everyone __________________ littering everywhere．
prohibition
is prohibited from
5．debate
①He debated ____ our maths teacher about the answer to the question this morning．
②One of the questions ________ debate is whether education is a lifetime study．
with
under
③There is a heated debate _____________ whether some conventional customs should be abolished．
④(读后续写之人物描写)她打算不辞而别，但又决定不这样做。
She ___________________________ anything but decided against it．
about/on/over
debated leaving without saying
6．withdraw
①Poor profits resulted in the company's __________ (withdraw) from its computer games and entertainment business．
②There was a loss of confidence in the time of an economic crisis，and people wanted to withdraw their money ____ the banks．
③(读后续写之人物描写)生意失败后，他变得郁郁寡欢，渐渐地孤僻起来。
He got depressed after business failure and gradually _________________________．
withdrawal
from
withdrew into
himself
7．equip
①(北师大版必修第一册Unit 2)It is a great sport for beginners—you do not need a gym membership or any special _________ (equip)．
②The more knowledge you learn，the more equipped you will be ___ your future．
③When you're older I think you're better ________ (equip) mentally to cope with whatever happens．
equipment
for
equipped
④(应用文写作之申请信)我具备出色的组织能力和创造性地解决问题的能力，这使我成为这个职位的优秀候选人。
_________________________________________ and creative problem-solving abilities，which makes me a good candidate for the position．
I'm equipped with remarkable organizational skills
8．disturb
①(人教版选择性必修第四册Unit 1)Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human，and it was __________ (disturb)．
②The artist herself appeared _________(disturb) by the personal nature of the questions asked during the Q&A session．
disturbing
disturbed
③I was deeply disturbed _______ (hear) the sorrowful news．
④(读后续写之心理描写)得知你在事故中受了伤，我真的很不安。
_________________________ that you have been injured in the accident．
to hear
It really disturbs me to know
9．adjust
①(外研版选择性必修第三册Unit 1)Yet there was so much melancholy and so much gentleness spread over all this that she gradually adjusted __ it．
②I tried to stay calm，decide whether to take her suggestions and then make ___________ (adjustment) accordingly．
③The experience tested humans' ability to adjust __________ (they) to the sudden huge changes in living conditions and environments．
to
adjustments
themselves
④(读后续写之环境描写)突然一阵狂风吹灭了他的火把，山洞里立刻一片漆黑。过了几秒钟。他的眼睛才逐渐适应了黑暗。
A sudden gust of wind blew out his torch and an absolute darkness ruled the cave immediately．It took seconds ___________________________
_______________．
before his eyes gradually adjusted
to the darkness
10．date back to
①(外研版必修第二册Unit 4)Dating back __ the 18th century，Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history．
②Every year，a good many tourists are attracted to visit the old tower which dates ____ the eleventh century．
③____ date，China's high-speed rail products and technology have been exported to nearly 100 countries and regions on six continents．
to
from
To
④(读后续写之景物描写)这片丘陵地区生长着一些世界上最古老的松树，有些可以追溯到一万年前。
The hilly region is home to some of the world's oldest pine trees，__________________________________________．(独立主格结构)
some dating back to ten thousand years ago
Ⅱ．高频词汇精准练
1．A serious accident ________ Tom，and in spite of his __________，the ________ man always keeps an optimistic state of mind．(disable)
2．Children normally feel a great deal of _______ about their exams，which their parents are also _______ about．(anxious)
3．Scientists have been wrestling ____ the location of genetic markers for decades，and still have a long way to go．
disabled
disability
disabled
anxiety
anxious
with
4．(应用文写作之文化介绍)The fun game gained popularity during the Tang Dynasty，when stores specializing __ the shuttlecock business appeared．
5．The student restricted herself to ________(focus) on the study of English for the next three months to prepare for the exam．
in
focusing
Ⅲ．多义词汇语段练(依次写出语段中黑体单词的词性及含义)
1．After the night shift worker decided to switch shifts with his colleague，he carefully flipped the power switch on the assembly line，initiating a smooth switch from producing car engines to manufacturing electric vehicle batteries．
①________　②_______　③_______
vt．调班
n．开关
n．转变
2．Fossil fuels like coal and oil have long been the primary energy source，but their use fuels environmental concerns about climate change．
①_______　②________
3．The tragic news of the earthquake affected him deeply，as his hometown was one of the areas worst affected by the disaster，and he worried about how the aftermath would affect his family's future．
①____________　②________　③________
n．燃料
vt．增加
vt．深深打动
vt．侵袭
vt．影响
4．The investigation exposed systemic abuse of power by the institution，including physical abuse of foster children in its care and verbal abuse from staff who demeaned victims，prompting public outrage and calls for reform．
①_______　②_______　③_______
n．滥用
n．虐待
n．辱骂
5．In the historical museum，visitors can explore exhibits about human organs，listen to recordings of a restored 19th-century organ，and learn about the role of civic organs in shaping local communities．
①_______　②_______　③_______
n．器官
n．风琴
n．机构
Ⅳ．阅读词汇语境练(写出句中黑体词的词性及含义)
1．A type specimen is used as the standard reference for identifying a species． ________
2．My parents thought it was abnormal for a boy to be interested in ballet． ___________
3．As simple as the name suggests，Walking Football is definitely just playing football at walking pace． _______
vt．确认
adj．反常的
n．速度
4．I want to buy such kinds of tickets as don't restrict me to travelling． ________
5．For years，a farmer called John has been devoted to tackling the problem of hunger． ________
6．Before you help him to his feet，you should examine his body carefully． ________
vt．限制
vt．解决
vt．检查
Ⅴ．写作句式迁移练
1．此外，因为演讲是我的强项，我知道在某些场合该说什么。(疑问词＋不定式)
Besides，since making speeches is my strength，_______________________________________．
2．我的同学建议制作单词卡，这样我就可以随时随地地阅读单词。(so that引导目的状语从句)
My classmates suggested making word cards ____________________________________________________．
I know what to say
on certain occasions
so that I could read
the words whenever and wherever
3．没有您对我无私的关爱，我不可能有现在这样灿烂的人生。(without引导的虚拟条件句)
Without your selfless devotion to me，______________________________________．
4．这幅美丽的油画让她的妈妈激动不已，笑容满面。 (with复合结构)
Her mother was thrilled at the beautiful painting，____________________________________________．
I wouldn't have such a bright
life now
with a broad smile
spreading across her face
5．若全面考虑，锻炼不仅有益于我们的健康，而且能提高学习效率。(独立主格结构)
_____________________，not only does exercise benefit our health but also it can improve our learning efficiency．
All things considered
练表达——主题引领写作
近年来，中学生近视率呈上升趋势。请你为学校“英语园地”宣传栏写一份倡议书，呼吁大家合理用眼，保护视力。倡议书内容包括：
1．倡议的原因和目的；
2．提出合理用眼的建议。
注意：写作词数应为80个左右。
完成句子
①受到青少年近视率上升的困扰，我们发起了这项倡议，以提高人们保护眼睛的意识。(disturb)
___________________________________________，we are launching this initiative to raise awareness about eye protection．
Disturbed by the rising myopia rate among teenagers
②随着智能手机和数码设备成为日常必需品，我们中的许多人都在与过度使用电子设备作斗争，这严重威胁着我们的视力。(with的复合结构，wrestle with)
____________________________________________________，many of us wrestle with excessive screen time，which seriously threatens our eyesight．
③为了解决这个问题，这里有一些实用的建议。(tackle)
____________________，here are some practical tips．
With smartphones and digital devices becoming daily necessities
To tackle this issue
④将每天看屏幕的时间限制在两小时以内，定期休息以调整视力。(restrict，adjust)
__________________________ to less than two hours，taking regular breaks to ____________________．
⑤禁止在昏暗的光线下或躺着看书，书要离眼睛30厘米远。(prohibit，with的复合结构)
_________________________ or while lying down，____________________________________．
Restrict your daily screen time
adjust your eyesight
Prohibit reading in dim light
with books 30 cm
away from your eyes
⑥ 经常做眼保健操，多待在户外，让眼睛自然地放松。(so that引导目的状语从句)
Do eye exercises regularly and spend more time outdoors，_____________________________________．
so that your
eyes can relax naturally
组句成篇 把以上句子用适当的过渡词或过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
【参考范文】
Disturbed by the rising myopia rate among teenagers，we are launching this initiative to raise awareness about eye protection．With smartphones and digital devices becoming daily necessities，many of us wrestle with excessive screen time，which seriously threatens our eyesight．
To tackle this issue，here are some practical tips．First，restrict your daily screen time to less than two hours，taking regular breaks to adjust your eyesight．Second，prohibit reading in dim light or while lying down，with books 30 cm away from your eyes．Third，do eye exercises regularly and spend more time outdoors，so that your eyes can relax naturally．
In these ways，we can protect ourselves from becoming nearsighted．
语料积累
蹑步前行 crawl，creep，inch，tiptoe，drag one's feet，raise oneself on tiptoe 攀登跳跃 scramble，climb，jump，leap/skip/
spring to one's feet，hop
腿脚动作 kick，tread，slip，tap/stamp one's feet，march，stride，chase，flee，stride confidently，march in step 腿间姿势 rise/get to one's feet，jump/leap to one's feet，put one's feet up，shaky/trembling legs，cross one's legs，plant one's feet
语料运用
微情景1　“灾难求生”—— 卡车翻坠后的 “脚” 动
Rocky was asleep on the front seat of their truck，①_____________________(盘着腿)．Suddenly，the truck turned over down to a valley．Rocky struggled to ②______________________(从卡车里爬出来)through narrow space．Then he ③__________________
___________(穿过开着的窗户溜进去)，trying to pull his brother out，
with his legs crossed
crawl out of the truck
slid through the open
window
but in vain．Rocky felt his way in the dark and ④__________________
________________(成功地爬到了路上)．⑤__________________(他站了起来)on shaky legs，Rocky yelled out aloud for help．
successfully climbed
up to the road
Rising to his feet
微情景 2　“健康生活”——活力晨跑的“脚”动
Emma decided to transform her lifestyle for health．Each morning，she'd ①_______________ (从床上跳起来)energetically and ②___________________(绕着公园慢跑)．Sometimes，she'd stop to do lunges，③_________________________________(感觉腿部肌肉在努力工作)．After work，instead of sitting，she'd stand and walk in place while on calls．She even started ④_____________________(在地板上爬行) for a fun，new core workout．
jump out of bed
jog around the park
feeling her leg muscles work hard
crawling on the floor
题型组合练(三十一)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：47.5分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·江苏苏锡常镇二模)
“If your skin is getting older，you are getting older，so be careful，” says Claudia Cavadas at the University of Coimbra，Portugal．Could our fight to remove wrinkles help restore youth both inside and out
As skin ages，more and more cells enter a lifeless state called senescence (衰老)．As time marches on，the mechanisms (机制) for clearing senescent cells out start to decline and they build up in tissues．This is bad news．The build-up of these cells has been shown to be a direct cause of some of the conditions that are generally more common in older age．
To support her assumption around wrinkles driving whole-body ageing，Cavadas is planning to test experimental drugs on animal models of aging skin．“The evidence is still fragile，but，in a year，we will have experimental data，” she says．
Whether resisting skin ageing resists whole-body ageing will need to be seen．But there is another good reason to slow down skin ageing at least．Aging skin is worse than young skin at pretty much everything it is supposed to do，says a plastic surgeon．Its barrier functions weaken，wounds are slower to heal (康复)，sensitivity to touch declines and its ability to defend diseases is weakened．
How about anti-wrinkle creams At present，there is limited evidence that they are genuine anti-ageing treatments．We do，however，have one method for preventing skin ageing：sunscreen，which absorbs UV rays before they do damage to the skin．It is never too soon to start．Even though the first visible signs of skin ageing usually don't appear until our mid-20s，the potential processes are under way much earlier．
Apparently，wrinkle treatment should no longer be seen as a “skin-deep” thing，but as a vital part of staying biologically young and healthy．Everyone should pay attention to that，because we all have skin in this game．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了皮肤老化与全身老化的关系，以及科学家对此的研究和探索，同时涉及了抗衰老的方法和防晒的重要性。
1．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．The definition of senescence．
B．The causes of skin ageing．
C．The process of cell declining．
D．The consequences of skin ageing．
√
D　[段落大意题。第二段第一句描述了随着皮肤老化，细胞进入衰老状态；第二句提到清除衰老细胞的机制衰退，衰老细胞在组织中积聚；最后一句表明这些细胞的积聚是老年常见病症的直接诱因。因此，第二段主要讲述了皮肤老化的后果。故选D。]
2．What does the underlined word “fragile” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Artificial．　　　　 B．Considerable．
C．Insubstantial． D．Convincing．
C　[词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“but，in a year，we will have experimental data”可知，但一年后，我们将获得实验数据。由此可推知，目前证据仍然不牢固。fragile意为“脆弱的，不牢固”，与insubstantial意思相近。故选C。]
√
3．Which is a disadvantage of the aged skin
A．It tends to be sensitive to touches．
B．The cut on it recovers quickly．
C．The barrier functions work poorly．
D．It stops guarding against diseases．
√
C　[细节理解题。根据第四段第三、四句“Aging skin is worse than young skin at pretty much everything it is supposed to do，says a plastic surgeon．Its barrier functions weaken，wounds are slower to heal，sensitivity to touch declines and its ability to defend diseases is weakened．”可知，老化皮肤的屏障功能会减弱，即其屏障功能较差。故选C。]
4．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs
A．Anti-wrinkle creams are quite useful．
B．Wrinkle treatment is important to health．
C．Sunscreen may pose potential risk to the skin．
D．Wrinkle treatment is a practice proven skin-deep．
√
B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，皱纹治疗不应只被看作是表面的事情，而是保持生理年轻和健康的重要部分。由此推知，皱纹治疗对健康很重要。故选B。]
B
(2025·湖南师范大学附属中学二模)
Diets come and diets go．One of the most popular today is “intermittent fasting”，which limits one's food intake to certain time windows．One popular variant，the “5-2 diet”，requires eating either very small amounts，or nothing at all，on two days a week，but allows normal eating on the other five．
As a weight-loss strategy，intermittent fasting is simple—no calorie counting or major dietary changes．Limiting the restrictions to a couple of days a week，or several hours a day also requires less willpower，which might make it easier to stick with．
Nichola Ludlam-Raine，a dietitian and spokeswoman for the British Dietetic Association，notes that intermittent fasting seems to work roughly as well for weight loss as traditional calorie-counting does．Beyond weight management，animal studies suggest fasting may extend lifespan by up to 40%，slow ageing，and reduce cancer risk．
Exactly how it does all that is not entirely clear．One important factor seems to be autophagy (细胞自噬)，the process by which cells break down and recycle parts of themselves．The hope is that intermittent fasting might have a similar response in humans，since we share these biological responses with other animals．But running definitive human trials of the sort done on lab animals is impossible．“When we say calorie restriction，we mean nearly starving the animals，” says Adam Collins，a nutrition researcher at the University of Surrey．
Current research on intermittent fasting relies on limited，short-term studies using moderate biomarkers like insulin (胰岛素)/ cholesterol (胆固醇) levels．Their results are mixed．A review paper published in April 2024 looked at 23 other studies and concluded that intermittent fasting was slightly better than ordinary dieting for overweight people when it came to improving levels of cholesterol and insulin．A similar article，published in January，found no meaningful difference for either weight loss or cardiovascular (心血管的) health．
There are also risks．A study in mice published in Nature in October 2024 found that severe fasting had downsides，including muscle mass loss and，possibly，weakened immune systems．Moderation，too，should be taken in moderation．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了间歇性禁食这一流行的饮食方式，包括其具体做法、可能的健康益处、相关研究结果以及潜在风险。
5．Which of the following is practicing intermittent fasting
A．An athlete strictly controlling fat intake as the coach requires．
B．A TV host weighing all food to count calories before eating．
C．An office worker trying to lose weight by eating only 2 meals every day．
D．A clerk on regular meals but skipping meals on Mondays and Thursdays．
√
D　[细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句“One popular variant，the ‘5-2 diet’，requires eating either very small amounts，or nothing at all，on two days a week，but allows normal eating on the other five．”可知，间歇性禁食的核心是特定时间禁食，其他时间正常饮食。D项“一名职员平时正常吃饭，但周一和周四禁食”符合这一描述。故选D。]
6．What can be inferred from paragraph 4
A．Fasting affects humans and animals in the same way．
B．Calorie restriction for animals is milder than for humans．
C．Human trials like animal ones for intermittent fasting are no-go．
D．Autophagy plays a definite role in explaining the benefits of fasting．
√
C　[推理判断题。根据第四段第四句“But running definitive human trials of the sort done on lab animals is impossible．”可推知，像动物实验那样对人类进行间歇性禁食的严格试验是不可行的。故选C。]
7．What is the author's attitude towards intermittent fasting
A．Enthusiastic． B．Subjective．
C．Favorable． D．Impartial．
√
D　[推理判断题。全文作者既提到间歇性禁食的潜在益处(如减肥、延长寿命等)，也提到研究结果的不确定性(Their results are mixed．)和潜在风险(如肌肉流失、免疫系统减弱)，并未表现出明显的倾向性。因此，作者的态度是客观中立的。故选D。]
8．Which is the best title for the passage
A．The Secrets of Fasting：A Scientific Warning
B．Intermittent Fasting：A Popular but Mysterious Diet
C．Calorie Counting vs Fasting：Which Works Better
D．From Animal to Human：The Science Behind Fasting
√
B　[标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了间歇性禁食这种流行的饮食方式，包括它的具体模式、作为减肥策略的优点、在动物研究中的潜在益处等，但它是怎样达到这些功效的尚未揭晓，说明它是一种受欢迎但又比较神秘的饮食方式。因此，B项“间歇性禁食：一种流行但神秘的饮食法”最能概括全文主旨。故选B。]
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2026·江苏南京六校联合体联考)
Everyone needs comfort when they are in the process of recovering from a major health crisis．Patients who have their families around can get access to some 1 support when they ask for it．But when a kid woke up from surgery and asked to get a hug，a nurse 2 ．This incident took place in Pennsylvania where 5-year-old Thompson was getting 3 at the hospital．
4 ，Hager was on duty during Thompson's treatment and surgery．When she went to attend to the little boy，he had a(n) 5 for her．The boy just wanted a warm hug from his mother．But she couldn't be there，so Hager 6 his mother and comforted the little boy．
“We had been in the children's hospital．We were kind of nervous，” Thompson's mother Layla said．After the operation was 7 ，Layla was told that her son was awake．But before they could allow the mother to 8 her son，the nurses had to check Thompson's vital signs．“When I told him Mom couldn't be there，he 9 if I'd hug him and I said，‘Sure，’” Hager said．
Witnessing Hager's act of kindness，Layla's 10 for her son disappeared．Hager not only did her duty but also set an example to others in her 11 to go beyond their call of duty． 12 ，Hager was modest，just saying，“Anyone working there would have done the same thing．”
The hospital left a post online to 13 this sweet moment between Thompson and Hager．“As a nurse，providing care is one thing，but ensuring our patients are calm and comfortable 14 just as much．We thank our nurses for taking time to make personal 15 with patients，” the post read．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。在宾夕法尼亚州，5岁男孩汤普森手术后求拥抱，护士Hager代替不在场的母亲给予安慰。这一善举缓解了男孩母亲的担忧，医院记录并赞扬了护士的超职责关怀。
1．A．moral　　　　　　　 B．emotional
C．technical D．economic
B　[根据上文“Everyone needs comfort when they are in the process of recovering from a major health crisis．”和下文中的“But when a kid woke up from surgery and asked to get a hug”可知，每个人在从重大健康危机中恢复的过程中都需要安慰，病人在康复过程中需要情感上的支持。故选B。]
√
2．A．agreed B．hesitated
C．avoided D．checked
A　[ 根据下文中的“so Hager ________ his mother and comforted the little boy”可知，护士在孩子醒来并要求拥抱时，同意了孩子的请求。故选A。]
√
3．A．involved B．caught
C．treated D．injured
C　[根据上文中的“But when a kid woke up from surgery”可知，Thompson在医院接受治疗。故选C。]
√
4．A．Regularly B．Generally
C．Eventually D．Thankfully
D　[根据本句中的“Hager was on duty during Thompson's treatment and surgery”可知，护士在Thompson的治疗和手术期间值班，给予了Thompson情感支持，这里表示“幸亏”。故选D。]
√
5．A．suggestion B．request
C．offer D．choice
B　[根据下文“The boy just wanted a warm hug from his mother．”可知，小男孩想要妈妈的拥抱，由此可推知，他向护士提出了一个请求。故选B。]
√
6．A．replaced B．informed
C．engaged D．visited
A　[根据上文中的“The boy just wanted a warm hug from his mother．But she couldn't be there”可知，由于小男孩的母亲不能在那里，护士代替他的母亲，给予他安慰。故选A。]
√
7．A．taken out B．picked out
C．carried out D．locked out
C　[根据下文“Layla was told that her son was awake”可知，手术已经完成。故选C。]
√
8．A．help B．protect
C．find D．meet
D　[根据下文中的“When I told him Mom couldn't be there”可知，在护士检查Thompson的生命体征之前，母亲不能去见她的儿子。故选D。]
√
9．A．knew B．asked
C．felt D．guessed
B　[根据本句中的“if I'd hug him and I said，‘Sure’”可知，小男孩问护士是否可以拥抱他。故选B。]
√
10．A．concern B．fear
C．anger D．doubt
A　[根据本句中的“Witnessing Hager's act of kindness”可知，见证了护士的善举后，母亲对儿子的担忧消失了。故选A。]
√
11．A．life B．mind
C．profession D．future
C　[根据本句中的“go beyond their call of duty”可知，护士在她的职业中为他人树立了榜样，超越了职责的要求。故选C。]
√
12．A．Moreover B．Therefore
C．Otherwise D．However
D　[根据本句中的“Hager was modest，just saying，‘Anyone working there would have done the same thing．’”可知，尽管护士很谦虚，但她的行为仍然值得称赞。故选D。]
√
13．A．enjoy B．document
C．recall D．predict
B　[根据本句中的“The hospital left a post online”可知，医院在网上发帖记录Thompson和Hager之间的这个温馨时刻。故选B。]
√
14．A．matters B．doubles
C．pays D．exists
A　[根据本句中的“providing care is one thing，but ensuring our patients are calm and comfortable”可知，作为护士，提供护理是一回事，但确保病人平静舒适同样重要。故选A。]
√
15．A．promises B．decisions
C．connections D．comments
C　[根据上文护士拥抱病人可知，医院感谢护士们花时间与病人建立个人关系。故选C。]
√
Ⅲ．七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·河北石家庄三模)
Being one of the most varied foods，eggs are a great addition to any diet．Not only are they easier to add to just about any meal，but they are also incredibly nutritious and support overall health． 1 .
You may experience better brain function．Eggs provide choline—a key substance that enhances communication between brain cells，ensuring messages are delivered efficiently like a well-organized delivery system．Thus，eating eggs regularly can strengthen your memory． 2 What's more，the nutrients in eggs act like brain fuel，keeping you focused during classes or while doing homework．
You may have healthier eyes．Eating eggs helps protect your eyes with natural substances that act as natural sunglasses，blocking harmful light like screen blue light．Egg yolks contain more eye-guarding nutrients than carrots，reducing eye fatigue(疲劳)during study sessions． 3 .
You can have stronger muscles and bones．Eggs provide quality protein for muscle repair after exercise，while their vitamin D works with other nutrients like calcium and phosphorus to strengthen bones． 4 Regular consumption supports muscle growth during daily activities and keeps bones strong．
5 It may seem like other foods are much better at making you feel full，but eggs are actually an excellent selection．They are the ideal mix of protein and fat and can be extremely satisfying and filling．By consuming more eggs，you are able to significantly decrease short-term food and snacks．
A．You can get more energy quickly．
B．You can feel satisfied for longer time．
C．Eggs are a good source when you're busy．
D．So regular egg consumption helps maintain clear vision．
E．They can help maintain bone structure and prevent weakness．
F．This makes it easier to remember school lessons or daily tasks．
G．When you eat eggs every day，this is what happens to your body．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍每天吃鸡蛋对身体的影响，包括可能提升大脑功能、有助于眼睛健康、增强肌肉和骨骼以及带来更持久的饱腹感等方面。
1．G　[上文总述鸡蛋的营养价值和对健康的益处，后文分段落具体说明鸡蛋对大脑、眼睛、肌肉骨骼和饱腹感的影响。G项承上启下。故选G。]
2．F　[上文指出鸡蛋中的胆碱增进脑细胞的沟通，“like a well-organized delivery system”类比其高效性。F项中的“This”指代前文胆碱的作用，具体举例说明记忆力提升的应用场景，衔接自然。故选F。]
3．D　[根据上文可知，本段围绕眼睛健康展开，提到鸡蛋中的天然物质阻挡有害光线、蛋黄护眼营养多于胡萝卜、减少眼疲劳。D项总结本段内容，指出鸡蛋的护眼效果。故选D。]
4．E　[空前指出鸡蛋的蛋白质帮助肌肉修复，维生素D与钙、磷协作强化骨骼；空后强调了鸡蛋帮助肌肉生长和保持骨骼强壮。E项具体说明了维生素D与其他营养素的协同作用，承接上文骨骼健康的论述。故选E。]
5．B　[空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文可知，本段主要讲述的是鸡蛋可以让人产生饱腹感，从而减少短期进食和吃零食的欲望。B项总结了本段内容，与本段主旨相符。故选B。]
谢 谢 ！题型组合练(三十一)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：47.5分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·江苏苏锡常镇二模)
“If your skin is getting older，you are getting older，so be careful，” says Claudia Cavadas at the University of Coimbra，Portugal．Could our fight to remove wrinkles help restore youth both inside and out
As skin ages，more and more cells enter a lifeless state called senescence (衰老)．As time marches on，the mechanisms (机制) for clearing senescent cells out start to decline and they build up in tissues．This is bad news．The build-up of these cells has been shown to be a direct cause of some of the conditions that are generally more common in older age．
To support her assumption around wrinkles driving whole-body ageing，Cavadas is planning to test experimental drugs on animal models of aging skin．“The evidence is still fragile，but，in a year，we will have experimental data，” she says．
Whether resisting skin ageing resists whole-body ageing will need to be seen．But there is another good reason to slow down skin ageing at least．Aging skin is worse than young skin at pretty much everything it is supposed to do，says a plastic surgeon．Its barrier functions weaken，wounds are slower to heal (康复)，sensitivity to touch declines and its ability to defend diseases is weakened．
How about anti-wrinkle creams At present，there is limited evidence that they are genuine anti-ageing treatments．We do，however，have one method for preventing skin ageing：sunscreen，which absorbs UV rays before they do damage to the skin．It is never too soon to start．Even though the first visible signs of skin ageing usually don't appear until our mid-20s，the potential processes are under way much earlier．
Apparently，wrinkle treatment should no longer be seen as a “skin-deep” thing，but as a vital part of staying biologically young and healthy．Everyone should pay attention to that，because we all have skin in this game．
1．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．The definition of senescence．
B．The causes of skin ageing．
C．The process of cell declining．
D．The consequences of skin ageing．
2．What does the underlined word “fragile” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Artificial．　　　　 B．Considerable．
C．Insubstantial． D．Convincing．
3．Which is a disadvantage of the aged skin
A．It tends to be sensitive to touches．
B．The cut on it recovers quickly．
C．The barrier functions work poorly．
D．It stops guarding against diseases．
4．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs
A．Anti-wrinkle creams are quite useful．
B．Wrinkle treatment is important to health．
C．Sunscreen may pose potential risk to the skin．
D．Wrinkle treatment is a practice proven skin-deep．
B
(2025·湖南师范大学附属中学二模)
Diets come and diets go．One of the most popular today is “intermittent fasting”，which limits one's food intake to certain time windows．One popular variant，the “5-2 diet”，requires eating either very small amounts，or nothing at all，on two days a week，but allows normal eating on the other five．
As a weight-loss strategy，intermittent fasting is simple—no calorie counting or major dietary changes．Limiting the restrictions to a couple of days a week，or several hours a day also requires less willpower，which might make it easier to stick with．
Nichola Ludlam-Raine，a dietitian and spokeswoman for the British Dietetic Association，notes that intermittent fasting seems to work roughly as well for weight loss as traditional calorie-counting does．Beyond weight management，animal studies suggest fasting may extend lifespan by up to 40%，slow ageing，and reduce cancer risk．
Exactly how it does all that is not entirely clear．One important factor seems to be autophagy (细胞自噬)，the process by which cells break down and recycle parts of themselves．The hope is that intermittent fasting might have a similar response in humans，since we share these biological responses with other animals．But running definitive human trials of the sort done on lab animals is impossible．“When we say calorie restriction，we mean nearly starving the animals，” says Adam Collins，a nutrition researcher at the University of Surrey．
Current research on intermittent fasting relies on limited，short-term studies using moderate biomarkers like insulin (胰岛素)/ cholesterol (胆固醇) levels．Their results are mixed．A review paper published in April 2024 looked at 23 other studies and concluded that intermittent fasting was slightly better than ordinary dieting for overweight people when it came to improving levels of cholesterol and insulin．A similar article，published in January，found no meaningful difference for either weight loss or cardiovascular (心血管的) health．
There are also risks．A study in mice published in Nature in October 2024 found that severe fasting had downsides，including muscle mass loss and，possibly，weakened immune systems．Moderation，too，should be taken in moderation．
5．Which of the following is practicing intermittent fasting
A．An athlete strictly controlling fat intake as the coach requires．
B．A TV host weighing all food to count calories before eating．
C．An office worker trying to lose weight by eating only 2 meals every day．
D．A clerk on regular meals but skipping meals on Mondays and Thursdays．
6．What can be inferred from paragraph 4
A．Fasting affects humans and animals in the same way．
B．Calorie restriction for animals is milder than for humans．
C．Human trials like animal ones for intermittent fasting are no-go．
D．Autophagy plays a definite role in explaining the benefits of fasting．
7．What is the author's attitude towards intermittent fasting
A．Enthusiastic． B．Subjective．
C．Favorable． D．Impartial．
8．Which is the best title for the passage
A．The Secrets of Fasting：A Scientific Warning
B．Intermittent Fasting：A Popular but Mysterious Diet
C．Calorie Counting vs Fasting：Which Works Better
D．From Animal to Human：The Science Behind Fasting
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2026·江苏南京六校联合体联考)
Everyone needs comfort when they are in the process of recovering from a major health crisis．Patients who have their families around can get access to some 1 support when they ask for it．But when a kid woke up from surgery and asked to get a hug，a nurse 2 ．This incident took place in Pennsylvania where 5-year-old Thompson was getting 3 at the hospital．
4 ，Hager was on duty during Thompson's treatment and surgery．When she went to attend to the little boy，he had a(n) 5 for her．The boy just wanted a warm hug from his mother．But she couldn't be there，so Hager 6 his mother and comforted the little boy．
“We had been in the children's hospital．We were kind of nervous，” Thompson's mother Layla said．After the operation was 7 ，Layla was told that her son was awake．But before they could allow the mother to 8 her son，the nurses had to check Thompson's vital signs．“When I told him Mom couldn't be there，he 9 if I'd hug him and I said，‘Sure，’” Hager said．
Witnessing Hager's act of kindness，Layla's 10 for her son disappeared．Hager not only did her duty but also set an example to others in her 11 to go beyond their call of duty． 12 ，Hager was modest，just saying，“Anyone working there would have done the same thing．”
The hospital left a post online to 13 this sweet moment between Thompson and Hager．“As a nurse，providing care is one thing，but ensuring our patients are calm and comfortable 14 just as much．We thank our nurses for taking time to make personal 15 with patients，” the post read．
1．A．moral　　　　　　　 B．emotional
C．technical D．economic
2．A．agreed B．hesitated
C．avoided D．checked
3．A．involved B．caught
C．treated D．injured
4．A．Regularly B．Generally
C．Eventually D．Thankfully
5．A．suggestion B．request
C．offer D．choice
6．A．replaced B．informed
C．engaged D．visited
7．A．taken out B．picked out
C．carried out D．locked out
8．A．help B．protect
C．find D．meet
9．A．knew B．asked
C．felt D．guessed
10．A．concern B．fear
C．anger D．doubt
11．A．life B．mind
C．profession D．future
12．A．Moreover B．Therefore
C．Otherwise D．However
13．A．enjoy B．document
C．recall D．predict
14．A．matters B．doubles
C．pays D．exists
15．A．promises B．decisions
C．connections D．comments
Ⅲ．七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·河北石家庄三模)
Being one of the most varied foods，eggs are a great addition to any diet．Not only are they easier to add to just about any meal，but they are also incredibly nutritious and support overall health． 1
You may experience better brain function．Eggs provide choline—a key substance that enhances communication between brain cells，ensuring messages are delivered efficiently like a well-organized delivery system．Thus，eating eggs regularly can strengthen your memory． 2 What's more，the nutrients in eggs act like brain fuel，keeping you focused during classes or while doing homework．
You may have healthier eyes．Eating eggs helps protect your eyes with natural substances that act as natural sunglasses，blocking harmful light like screen blue light．Egg yolks contain more eye-guarding nutrients than carrots，reducing eye fatigue(疲劳)during study sessions． 3
You can have stronger muscles and bones．Eggs provide quality protein for muscle repair after exercise，while their vitamin D works with other nutrients like calcium and phosphorus to strengthen bones． 4 Regular consumption supports muscle growth during daily activities and keeps bones strong．
5 It may seem like other foods are much better at making you feel full，but eggs are actually an excellent selection．They are the ideal mix of protein and fat and can be extremely satisfying and filling．By consuming more eggs，you are able to significantly decrease short-term food and snacks．
A．You can get more energy quickly．
B．You can feel satisfied for longer time．
C．Eggs are a good source when you're busy．
D．So regular egg consumption helps maintain clear vision．
E．They can help maintain bone structure and prevent weakness．
F．This makes it easier to remember school lessons or daily tasks．
G．When you eat eggs every day，this is what happens to your body．
题型组合练(三十一)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了皮肤老化与全身老化的关系，以及科学家对此的研究和探索，同时涉及了抗衰老的方法和防晒的重要性。
1．D　[段落大意题。第二段第一句描述了随着皮肤老化，细胞进入衰老状态；第二句提到清除衰老细胞的机制衰退，衰老细胞在组织中积聚；最后一句表明这些细胞的积聚是老年常见病症的直接诱因。因此，第二段主要讲述了皮肤老化的后果。故选D。]
2．C　[词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“but，in a year，we will have experimental data”可知，但一年后，我们将获得实验数据。由此可推知，目前证据仍然不牢固。fragile意为“脆弱的，不牢固”，与insubstantial意思相近。故选C。]
3．C　[细节理解题。根据第四段第三、四句“Aging skin is worse than young skin at pretty much everything it is supposed to do，says a plastic surgeon．Its barrier functions weaken，wounds are slower to heal，sensitivity to touch declines and its ability to defend diseases is weakened．”可知，老化皮肤的屏障功能会减弱，即其屏障功能较差。故选C。]
4．B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，皱纹治疗不应只被看作是表面的事情，而是保持生理年轻和健康的重要部分。由此推知，皱纹治疗对健康很重要。故选B。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了间歇性禁食这一流行的饮食方式，包括其具体做法、可能的健康益处、相关研究结果以及潜在风险。
5．D　[细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句“One popular variant，the ‘52 diet’，requires eating either very small amounts，or nothing at all，on two days a week，but allows normal eating on the other five．”可知，间歇性禁食的核心是特定时间禁食，其他时间正常饮食。D项“一名职员平时正常吃饭，但周一和周四禁食”符合这一描述。故选D。]
6．C　[推理判断题。根据第四段第四句“But running definitive human trials of the sort done on lab animals is impossible．”可推知，像动物实验那样对人类进行间歇性禁食的严格试验是不可行的。故选C。]
7．D　[推理判断题。全文作者既提到间歇性禁食的潜在益处(如减肥、延长寿命等)，也提到研究结果的不确定性(Their results are mixed．)和潜在风险(如肌肉流失、免疫系统减弱)，并未表现出明显的倾向性。因此，作者的态度是客观中立的。故选D。]
8．B　[标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了间歇性禁食这种流行的饮食方式，包括它的具体模式、作为减肥策略的优点、在动物研究中的潜在益处等，但它是怎样达到这些功效的尚未揭晓，说明它是一种受欢迎但又比较神秘的饮食方式。因此，B项“间歇性禁食：一种流行但神秘的饮食法”最能概括全文主旨。故选B。]
Ⅱ．1－5　BACDB　6－10　ACDBA　11－15　CDBAC
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍每天吃鸡蛋对身体的影响，包括可能提升大脑功能、有助于眼睛健康、增强肌肉和骨骼以及带来更持久的饱腹感等方面。
1．G　[上文总述鸡蛋的营养价值和对健康的益处，后文分段落具体说明鸡蛋对大脑、眼睛、肌肉骨骼和饱腹感的影响。G项承上启下。故选G。]
2．F　[上文指出鸡蛋中的胆碱增进脑细胞的沟通，“like a wellorganized delivery system”类比其高效性。F项中的“This”指代前文胆碱的作用，具体举例说明记忆力提升的应用场景，衔接自然。故选F。]
3．D　[根据上文可知，本段围绕眼睛健康展开，提到鸡蛋中的天然物质阻挡有害光线、蛋黄护眼营养多于胡萝卜、减少眼疲劳。D项总结本段内容，指出鸡蛋的护眼效果。故选D。]
4．E　[空前指出鸡蛋的蛋白质帮助肌肉修复，维生素D与钙、磷协作强化骨骼；空后强调了鸡蛋帮助肌肉生长和保持骨骼强壮。E项具体说明了维生素D与其他营养素的协同作用，承接上文骨骼健康的论述。故选E。]
5．B　[空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文可知，本段主要讲述的是鸡蛋可以让人产生饱腹感，从而减少短期进食和吃零食的欲望。B项总结了本段内容，与本段主旨相符。故选B。]

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