资源简介

1．convince vt．使确信，使相信；说服，劝说(convincing adj．令人信服的；有说服力的convinced adj．坚信的；确信的)
◎convince sb．of sth．　　　 使某人信服某事
convince sb．to do sth． 说服某人做某事
convince sb．(that)... 使某人确信……
◎be convinced of/that... 确信……
◎(2025·浙江1月卷)There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through，but I'm not convinced that food is one of them...
在养育孩子的过程中，有很多事情是值得讨论的，但我相信食物不是其中之一……
2．load vt．& vi．装上；装入 n．负载；承载量；大量
◎loads of＝a load of　 大量，许多
take a load off one's mind 打消某人的顾虑
get a load of... 看，听(常用于表示惊讶或羡慕)
◎load...with... 用……装载/加载……
load...into/onto... 把……装到……里/上
◎His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them．
男孩的父亲经常用一台平板电脑逗他开心，这台平板电脑里存储着色彩缤纷的图片，当你戳这些图片时，它们就会变得栩栩如生。
3．acknowledge vt．承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢(acknowledgement n．承认；确认；感谢)
◎acknowledge...to be/as...
认可……是……；承认……是……
acknowledge doing/having done sth．
承认做了某事
acknowledge that...　　　 承认……
◎It is universally/widely acknowledged that...
大家公认……
◎(2024·浙江1月卷)Her efforts were acknowledged by the teacher，who praised her innovative thinking．
老师认可了她的努力并表扬了她的创新思维。
4．insist vi．& vt．坚决要求，坚持；坚持说(insistence n．坚决要求，坚持)
◎insist on...　　 坚决要求……；坚持……
insist on (sb．) doing sth． 坚决要求(某人)做某事；执意让(某人)做某事
◎insist (that)... 坚持说……；
坚决认为……(从句用陈述语气)
insist that sb．(should) do... 坚决要求/主张/坚持某人(应该)做……
(从句用虚拟语气)
◎They simply insist on mutual recognition and regard．
他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。
5．shortage n．不足，短缺(short adj．短的；缺乏的 shorten v．(使)变短；缩短)
◎water/food/housing shortages
　　　用水/食物/住房短缺
a shortage of ……不足，……缺乏
◎be short of 缺乏，缺少(强调状态)
be short for... 是……的缩写/简称
◎in short 简言之，总而言之
◎(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey，Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more．
虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场(BMF)甚至缩短了更多的旅程。
6．panic n．惊恐，恐慌 vi．& vt．(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措
◎panic sb．into doing sth．
使某人因惊慌而做某事
panic over/about 对……感到恐慌
◎in (a) panic 惊慌失措地
get into a panic 陷入恐慌
◎(2025·浙江1月卷)The man stood up in a panic，then ran through the house toward the window and jumped out．
那人惊慌地站了起来，然后穿过房子跑向窗户，跳了出去。
7．astonish vt．使十分惊讶，使吃惊 (astonished adj．感到惊讶的 astonishing adj．令人惊讶的 astonishment n．惊讶，惊奇)
◎It astonished/astonishes sb．that...
令某人惊讶的是……
be astonished to do sth．
对做某事感到惊讶
be astonished at/by sth． 对某事感到惊讶
◎in astonishment 吃惊地
to one's astonishment 令某人吃惊的是
◎(2024·天津3月卷)The original reading was either forgotten or so totally absorbed that the new chance encounter with the text produced surprise and astonishment．
最初的阅读体验要么被遗忘，要么被彻底吸收，以至于后来与文本的新邂逅竟带来了惊喜与诧异。
8．comparison n．对比；比较(compare v．比较，与……类似)
◎in comparison with　　 和……相比
by comparison 通过对比
◎compare A with B 把A和B进行比较
compare A to B 把A比作B
be compared with/to 与……相比
◎(2024·全国甲卷)My childhood is quite happy compared with hers．
与她的童年相比，我的童年相当快乐。
9．contrary adj．相反的，相对立的；截然不同的
(be) contrary to...　 与……相反；与……相对立
on the contrary 恰恰相反；正相反
to the contrary 相反的；相反地
◎(2023·上海卷)The passage discusses how teenage brain development is not yet complete，contrary to previous beliefs．
这篇文章讨论了青少年的大脑发育尚未完成，这与之前的看法相反。
10．regardless of 不管，不顾(regardless adv．不加理会；无论如何；不顾 regard vt．看待 n．尊重)
◎regardless of the fact that...
不顾……的事实
◎with/in regard to 关于；至于
in this regard 在这方面
◎regard...as... 把……看作……
◎despite/in spite of 尽管；不顾(后常接名词，不接从句)
◎When the running began，he ran with all his strength，regardless of his abnormal steps．
当跑步开始时，他不顾自己不正常的步伐，用尽全身的力气跑了起来。
1．On 3 August 1492，he departed from Spain with three ships carrying about 90 crewmen．(with复合结构)
1492年8月3日，他和约90名船员分乘三艘船从西班牙出发。
2．Regardless of all the challenges，Columbus managed to keep everyone out of danger with his knowledge and bravery across the ocean．(keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
不顾所有挑战，哥伦布设法凭借自己的知识和勇敢确保每个人都平安越过海洋。
3．The major contribution of this great explorer is that he “discovered” the New World．(that引导表语从句)
这位伟大探险家主要的贡献是“发现”了新大陆。
4．However，his work proved difficult，because sorting out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts．(动词-ing形式作主语)
但是，他的工作其实很艰难，因为整理所有可利用的资源并核查史料的事实需要付出艰辛的努力。
5．Russell felt his blood freeze，but he quickly came to himself and rushed up to the deck．(“感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的用法)
拉塞尔觉得自己的血液都凝固了，但他很快恢复了知觉，冲到甲板上。
6．Today，the USS Arizona lies where it sank：in the middle of the Pacific Ocean．(where引导地点状语从句)
今天，美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰还在当年沉没的地方：在太平洋中央。
7．as引导非限制性定语从句
Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the way—as was the case with the explorer Christopher Columbus．
那些有伟大发现的人，往往必须克服前进道路上的重重挑战，探险家克里斯托弗· 哥伦布亦是如此。
as意为“正如；就像”时可引导非限制性定语从句。有些说法已成习惯用语，如：as is/was often the case“通常情况下”，as is my usual practice“这是我的习惯”，as is/was typical“一如往常；一贯如此”。
◎As we all know，you are not only an outstanding English teacher in our school，but also a fantastic educator．
我们都知道，您不仅是我们学校一位杰出的英语老师，也是一位出色的教育家。
8．动词-ing形式作状语
Russell was saved from the water，but he was badly burnt，bleeding heavily．
拉塞尔被从水中救了出来，但他严重烧伤，血流不止。
◎动词-ing形式在句子中充当伴随状语时，动作与句子的谓语动词的动作同时或几乎同时发生，且与句子的主语之间是主动关系。动词-ed形式也可作伴随状语，只是与句子的主语之间是被动关系。
◎动词-ing形式作状语除了表示伴随以外，还可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果和方式等。
◎动词-ing形式除了在句中作状语外，还可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语等。
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Following an uncomfortable pause，he simply nodded，saying，“I agree to this arrangement and trust you．”
在一阵尴尬的停顿之后，他只是点了点头，说：“我同意这个安排，并且相信你。”
Ⅰ．重点词汇对点练
1．convince
①(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 5)Yuan was ____________ (convince) that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice．
②Two main tasks remained ahead：researching ways to clean up the park and preparing a ____________ (convince) presentation．
③Convinced ________ the accuracy of the data collected，the researchers stuck to their opinion．
④(读后续写之人物描写)汤姆盯着奖牌，他父亲的旧表发出响亮的滴答声，直到它稳定的节奏说服他再试一次。
Tom stared at the medal，his father's old watch ticking loudly，until its steady rhythm ________________________．
2．load
①(外研版必修第三册Unit 4)Now，at the top of these stone stairs...get ________ load of that!
②When we saw our fruits of labor were loaded ____________ the truck，we all felt satisfied and excited．
③The processes take place to stop our brains from becoming loaded __________ memories．
④(读后续写之情感描写)听到这个好消息，我感到如释重负。
Hearing the good news，I felt ____________________________________．
3．acknowledge
①(外研版选择性必修第三册Unit 1)What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged __________ good health not only makes us more beautiful，but happier，too!
②Yuan Longping is acknowledged ________ the father of hybrid rice．
③He acknowledged __________________ (defeat) publicly by his friend in the game，which made us surprised．
④(应用文写作之观点表达)人们普遍认为家庭教育对一个人的未来发展至关重要。
Family education ____________________________________ vital for one's future development．(简单句)
→ ____________________________________ family education is vital for one's future development．(复合句)
4．insist
①(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 1)Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted ________ testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe．
②Some students who are against it insist that the patients __________________ (inform) of the truth of their illnesses．
③Her ______________ (insist) on waking up at dawn to practice the piano amazed everyone in the household．
④(应用文写作之观点表达)她坚持说他在会上提出的建议是可行的，所以她坚决要求对这个建议给予考虑。
She ________________________，so she _______________________________．
5．shortage
①(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 5)However，what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious ____________ (short)of food to eat．
②This country is short ________ natural resources but rich in human resources．
③At the website Word Spy，fappy，which is short ________ fat and happy，is defined as overweight and happy with one's life．
④(读后续写之人物描写)那个年轻人诚实且有合作精神，当你需要他的帮助时，他总是在那里。总之，他是可靠的。
That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help．________________________．
6．panic
①(外研版必修第一册Unit 1)Everyone started laughing．I looked at them ________ panic．
②The sudden thunderstorm panicked the hikers ____________ running blindly toward the nearest shelter．
③Before the plane takes off，we should evaluate the quality of atmosphere in order not to get into ________ panic．
④(读后续写之情绪描写)我太担心数学考试了，考试开始前我就慌了。
I was so worried about the math test that __________________________________．
7．astonish
①He was astonished ______________ (see) how his hometown had changed in the past 10 years．
②To our great ______________ (astonish)，he left the party without telling anyone．
③(读后续写之神态描写)看到她的丈夫捧着一束花，她惊呆了，惊讶地张大了嘴巴。
Seeing her husband holding a bunch of flowers，she froze，_______________________．
8．comparison
①(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 4)________ comparison，in Bulgaria and southern Albania，the gestures have the opposite meaning．
②In comparison ____________ buses and planes，people prefer CRH because of its high speed，comfort and safety．
③As for parents，nothing can be compared ____________ their children's physical and mental health．
④(读后续写之神态描写)与妈妈见到我时那种欣喜若狂相比，爸爸的态度依然冷淡。
___________________ who rejoiced with wild excitement the moment she saw me，Daddy just remained cold．
9．contrary
①(北师大版选择性必修第二册Unit 4)______ the contrary，he is nothing like Mr Bean．
②I was requested to carry on with my work unless ordered ________ the contrary．
③And contrary ________ what Western cynics say，that help comes with no strings attached．
④(读后续写之人物描写)这个人给人的印象是过于谨慎，但实际正相反，他喜欢冒险。
The man gives the impression that he's overcautious，but ________________________．
10．regardless of
①(外研版选择性必修第三册Unit 2)Cunningham would go out onto the streets of New York each and every day，regardless ________ the weather．
②With regard ________ online learning，if we lack self-discipline，we're likely to be addicted to chatting online or playing games．
③(读后续写之感悟升华)我的家人会做正确的事情，不管结果如何都会帮助别人，在未来的生活中做额外的善事。
My family will do the right things，helping people ________________________ and doing extra kindnesses in the future life．
Ⅱ．高频词汇精准练
1．He has ____________ himself capable of handling complex situations，and these results are a further ____________ of his outstanding ability．(prove)
2．A country's ____________ comes from taxpayers．To be ____________ independent，a country must shake off the control of foreign capital．Moreover，____________ security should be high on the government's list of priorities．(finance)
3．Jack is the ____________ son of Mrs Green，who ____________ him when his parents died 20 years ago．Thanks to her ____________，Jack was able to receive a good education and become an engineer．(adopt)
4．(读后续写之动作描写)She knelt by the box，fingers flying to sort __________old photos before the movers arrived．
5．We must allow __________ getting stuck in a traffic jam，so we'd better start earlier．
Ⅲ．多义词汇语段练(依次写出语段中黑体单词的词性及含义)
1．When the CEO first proposed the radical project，many managers dismissed it as a risky gamble，rolling their eyes at the idea of overhauling decades-old systems．However，the team leader chose to dismiss her doubts and pushed for a trial run．During the crucial meeting，she dismissed the staff early to allow small groups to brainstorm freely．Yet，when one member leaked confidential plans，the company had no choice but to dismiss him to protect corporate integrity．
①________________　②________________
③________________　④________________
2．Lila found a pack from Grandma，containing a pack of old cards．While packing for her trip，she packed the cards into her bag，cherishing the warm memory they carried．
①________________　②________________
③________________　④________________
3．The spy uncovered a plot to steal secrets and altered the movie's plot．Meanwhile，villains plotted to ruin the hero's plan．
①________________　②________________
③________________
Ⅳ．阅读词汇语境练(写出句中黑体词的词性及含义)
1．In the Ming Dynasty，trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous as it used to be． ________________
2．Despite previous failed attempts，the scientists believed they would make a breakthrough in the subsequent experiments． ________________
3．They traveled extensively across Southeast Asia，documenting local traditions and cuisines． ________________
4．The teacher used interactive games to facilitate understanding of complex math concepts． ________________
5．Be careful with that knife—you might cut yourself and bleed． ________________
6．Over coffee，they hatched an idea for a start-up that would revolutionize online shopping． ________________
Ⅴ．写作句式迁移练
1．如图所示，大多数学生，多达70%，致力于学习，而30%去旅游。(as引导非限制性定语从句)
________________________，the majority of students，as many as 70%，devoted themselves to studying while 30% went traveling．
2．父亲不明白儿子的意思，只是站在那里，等着儿子的解释。(动词-ing形式作状语)
Not knowing what his son meant，the father just stood there，________________________．
3．有一个重要的班会要参加，我不能陪你去书店了。(with复合结构)
____________________________________，I can't accompany you to the bookstore．
4．这教给了他们宝贵的一课：善待动物并尊重它们能创造一个充满爱和和谐的世界。(动词-ing形式作主语)
This taught them an invaluable lesson that _________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________．
5．如果一个人在事故中受了重伤，你最好把他留在原地。(where引导状语从句)
If a person is badly injured in an accident，you'd better leave him ______________．
你们学校正举办主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位中国历史人物为主题写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1．人物简介及事迹；
2．意义或启示。
注意：写作词数应为80个左右。
①孔子是中国古代一位极具影响力的哲学家，因塑造了中国传统价值观而受到广泛认可。(exceptionally，influential，acknowledge)
Confucius，an exceptionally influential philosopher in ancient China，____________________________ shaping traditional Chinese values．
②他坚持沿着艰苦的路线传播他的哲学，从而推动了仁爱与和谐思想的传播。(insist，route，allow for，动词-ing形式作状语)
He __________________________，________________________________ on benevolence and harmony．
③他和他弟子的言论被汇编成《论语》，成为文化和伦理教育的基石。(过去分词短语作定语)
His and his disciples' sayings，____________________________________，became a cornerstone of literary and ethical education．
④与他那个时代的混乱相反，孔子的智慧为后来的社会改革奠定了基础。(contrary to，subsequent，reform)
__________________，Confucius' wisdom laid the foundation ______________．
⑤他的原则仍然引领着现代社会，他的遗产继续激励着人们追求道德情操。(with复合结构)
______________________，his legacy keeps inspiring people to pursue moral integrity．
⑥作为中国文化永恒的象征，他证明了在人性和尊重盛行的地方，深刻的思想可以蓬勃发展。(where引导状语从句)
As a timeless symbol of Chinese culture，he proves that profound thoughts can thrive ____________________________________．
把以上句子用适当的过渡词或过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
_____________________________________________________________________
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悲泣如潮， 哀恸难掩 a river of tears，sobbing uncontrollably，weeping bitterly，heartbroken tears 喜泪盈眶， 情难自抑 tears of joy，tears welling up，with tears in one's eyes
泪别无声， 伤怀暗涌 silent tears，a teary goodbye，shed tears 泪意初萌， 心绪翻涌 burst into tears，wipe tears
微情景1　“因善得福”——喜悦与感恩交织的“哭”
Hearing of the good news，Will turned overjoyed，①________________________(幸福的泪水像钻石一样在他的眼睛里闪烁)．He hugged Allen with a lump in his throat，and ②____________________________________(他再也抑制不住泪水了)．Allen patted his head and appreciated the precious kindness，③_______________________ (感激的泪水模糊了他的眼睛)．Even though he had to sell the house for his mother's treatment，Will could still buy food for a stranger．Allen asked，“We should be kind to the world，and the world will be kind to us，isn't it？” Hearing the words，Will ④________________________(又放声大哭起来)，but this time warm and delighted．
微情景 2　“历史事件”——悲怆与欣慰交织的“哭”
①________________________________________________(当探索敦煌莫高窟的历史时)，I read about the tragic plunder of its precious sutras．Imagining the monks' heartbroken tears as foreign explorers carried away ancient manuscripts，I sobbed uncontrollably，②____________________________________(泪水如河般从我的脸上流下)．Decades later，when researchers finally pieced together fragments of those lost texts，③________________________________ (他们眼中涌出了喜悦的泪水)．This teary goodbye to cultural heritage still makes me shed silent tears，④________________________ (抹去悲伤)as I vow to safeguard history．
选择性必修第三册　UNIT 3
自查区　单元词句精练
Ⅰ．1．①convinced　②convincing　③of　④convinced him to try again　2．①a　②onto/into　③with　④a heavy load taken off my mind　3．①that　②as　③being defeated　④is universally acknowledged to be；It is universally acknowledged that　4．①on　②should be informed　③insistence
④insisted that the suggestion he put forward at the meeting was practical；insisted that it (should) be given consideration
5．①shortage　②of　③for　④In short，he's reliable　6．①in
②into　③a　④I panicked right before it began　7．①to see
②astonishment　③her mouth dropping open in astonishment
8．①By　②with　③with　④Compared to Mum　9．①On　②to　③to　④on the contrary，he likes adventures　10．①of
②to　③regardless of the outcome
Ⅱ．1．proved；proof　2．finance；financially；financial　3．adopted；adopted；adoption　4．out　5．for
Ⅲ．1．①vt．不予考虑，对……不屑一提　②vt．去除，摒除
③vt．解散　④vt．解雇　2．①n．包裹　②n．小盒　③vi．打包　④vt．塞进　3．①n．阴谋　②n．故事情节　③vi．密谋
Ⅳ．1．n．路线　2．adj．后来的　3．adv．广泛地　4．vt．促进
5．vi．流血　6．vt．策划
Ⅴ．1．As is shown in the chart　2．waiting for his son's explanation　3．With an important class meeting to attend　4．treating animals with kindness and respecting them can create a world of love and harmony　5．where he is
练表达　主题引领写作
应用文写作
完成句子
①is widely acknowledged for　②insisted on traveling along arduous routes to spread his philosophy；allowing for the dissemination of ideas　③compiled into The Analects
④Contrary to the chaos of his era；for subsequent social reforms
⑤With his principles still guiding modern society　⑥where humanity and respect prevail
组句成篇
Confucius，an exceptionally influential philosopher in ancient China，is widely acknowledged for shaping traditional Chinese values．He insisted on traveling along arduous routes to spread his philosophy，allowing for the dissemination of ideas on benevolence and harmony．His and his disciples' sayings，compiled into The Analects，became a cornerstone of literary and ethical education．
Contrary to the chaos of his era，Confucius' wisdom laid the foundation for subsequent social reforms．With his principles still guiding modern society，his legacy keeps inspiring people to pursue moral integrity．As a timeless symbol of Chinese culture，he proves that profound thoughts can thrive where humanity and respect prevail．
读后续写
语料运用
微情景1　①tears of happiness shining like diamonds in his eyes
②he couldn't hold back his tears any more　③tears of gratitude blurring his eyes　④burst into tears again
微情景2　①When exploring the history of Dunhuang Mogao Caves　②a river of tears streaming down my face　③tears of joy welled up in their eyes　④wiping away sorrow(共132张PPT)
选择性必修第三册　UNIT 3　Back to the past
第一部分 教材知识讲练
单元主题串记
自学区——单元词句复盘
重点词汇
1．convince vt．使确信，使相信；说服，劝说(convincing adj．令人信服的；有说服力的convinced adj．坚信的；确信的)
知识归纳
◎convince sb．of sth．　　　 使某人信服某事
convince sb．to do sth． 说服某人做某事
convince sb．(that)... 使某人确信……
◎be convinced of/that... 确信……
佳句输入
◎(2025·浙江1月卷)There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through，but I'm not convinced that food is one of them...
在养育孩子的过程中，有很多事情是值得讨论的，但我相信食物不是其中之一……
2．load vt．& vi．装上；装入 n．负载；承载量；大量
知识归纳
◎loads of＝a load of　 大量，许多
take a load off one's mind 打消某人的顾虑
get a load of... 看，听(常用于表示惊讶或羡慕)
◎load...with... 用……装载/加载……
load...into/onto... 把……装到……里/上
佳句输入
◎His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them．
男孩的父亲经常用一台平板电脑逗他开心，这台平板电脑里存储着色彩缤纷的图片，当你戳这些图片时，它们就会变得栩栩如生。
3．acknowledge vt．承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢(acknowledgement n．承认；确认；感谢)
知识归纳
◎acknowledge...to be/as...　 认可……是……；承认……是……
acknowledge doing/having done sth．
承认做了某事
acknowledge that... 承认……
◎It is universally/widely acknowledged that...
大家公认……
佳句输入
◎(2024·浙江1月卷)Her efforts were acknowledged by the teacher，who praised her innovative thinking．
老师认可了她的努力并表扬了她的创新思维。
4．insist vi．& vt．坚决要求，坚持；坚持说(insistence n．坚决要求，坚持)
知识归纳
◎insist on...　　 坚决要求……；坚持……
insist on (sb．) doing sth． 坚决要求(某人)做某事；
执意让(某人)做某事
◎insist (that)... 坚持说……；坚决认为……
(从句用陈述语气)
insist that sb．(should) do... 坚决要求/主张/坚持某人
(应该)做……(从句用虚拟语气)
佳句输入
◎They simply insist on mutual recognition and regard．
他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。
5．shortage n．不足，短缺(short adj．短的；缺乏的 shorten v．(使)变短；缩短)
知识归纳
◎water/food/housing shortages　 用水/食物/住房短缺
a shortage of ……不足，……缺乏
◎be short of 缺乏，缺少(强调状态)
be short for... 是……的缩写/简称
◎in short 简言之，总而言之
佳句输入
◎(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey，Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more．
虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场(BMF)甚至缩短了更多的旅程。
6．panic n．惊恐，恐慌 vi．& vt．(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措
知识归纳
◎panic sb．into doing sth．　　 使某人因惊慌而做某事
panic over/about 对……感到恐慌
◎in (a) panic 惊慌失措地
get into a panic 陷入恐慌
佳句输入
◎(2025·浙江1月卷)The man stood up in a panic，then ran through the house toward the window and jumped out．
那人惊慌地站了起来，然后穿过房子跑向窗户，跳了出去。
7．astonish vt．使十分惊讶，使吃惊 (astonished adj．感到惊讶的 astonishing adj．令人惊讶的 astonishment n．惊讶，惊奇)
知识归纳
◎It astonished/astonishes sb．that...
　　　　　　　　 令某人惊讶的是……
be astonished to do sth． 对做某事感到惊讶
be astonished at/by sth． 对某事感到惊讶
◎in astonishment 吃惊地
to one's astonishment 令某人吃惊的是
佳句输入
◎(2024·天津3月卷)The original reading was either forgotten or so totally absorbed that the new chance encounter with the text produced surprise and astonishment．
最初的阅读体验要么被遗忘，要么被彻底吸收，以至于后来与文本的新邂逅竟带来了惊喜与诧异。
8．comparison n．对比；比较(compare v．比较，与……类似)
知识归纳
◎in comparison with　　 和……相比
by comparison 通过对比
◎compare A with B 把A和B进行比较
compare A to B 把A比作B
be compared with/to 与……相比
佳句输入
◎(2024·全国甲卷)My childhood is quite happy compared with hers．
与她的童年相比，我的童年相当快乐。
9．contrary adj．相反的，相对立的；截然不同的
知识归纳
(be) contrary to...　 与……相反；与……相对立
on the contrary 恰恰相反；正相反
to the contrary 相反的；相反地
佳句输入
◎(2023·上海卷)The passage discusses how teenage brain development is not yet complete，contrary to previous beliefs．
这篇文章讨论了青少年的大脑发育尚未完成，这与之前的看法相反。
10．regardless of 不管，不顾(regardless adv．不加理会；无论如何；不顾 regard vt．看待 n．尊重)
知识归纳
◎regardless of the fact that...　不顾……的事实
◎with/in regard to 关于；至于
in this regard 在这方面
◎regard...as... 把……看作……
◎despite/in spite of 尽管；不顾(后常接名词，不接从句)
佳句输入
◎When the running began，he ran with all his strength，regardless of his abnormal steps．
当跑步开始时，他不顾自己不正常的步伐，用尽全身的力气跑了起来。
句型公式
1．On 3 August 1492，he departed from Spain with three ships carrying about 90 crewmen．(with复合结构)
1492年8月3日，他和约90名船员分乘三艘船从西班牙出发。
2．Regardless of all the challenges，Columbus managed to keep everyone out of danger with his knowledge and bravery across the ocean．(keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
不顾所有挑战，哥伦布设法凭借自己的知识和勇敢确保每个人都平安越过海洋。
3．The major contribution of this great explorer is that he “discovered” the New World．(that引导表语从句)
这位伟大探险家主要的贡献是“发现”了新大陆。
4．However，his work proved difficult，because sorting out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts．(动词-ing形式作主语)
但是，他的工作其实很艰难，因为整理所有可利用的资源并核查史料的事实需要付出艰辛的努力。
5．Russell felt his blood freeze，but he quickly came to himself and rushed up to the deck．(“感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的用法)
拉塞尔觉得自己的血液都凝固了，但他很快恢复了知觉，冲到甲板上。
6．Today，the USS Arizona lies where it sank：in the middle of the Pacific Ocean．(where引导地点状语从句)
今天，美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰还在当年沉没的地方：在太平洋中央。
7．as引导非限制性定语从句
Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the way—as was the case with the explorer Christopher Columbus．
那些有伟大发现的人，往往必须克服前进道路上的重重挑战，探险家克里斯托弗· 哥伦布亦是如此。
句式分析
as意为“正如；就像”时可引导非限制性定语从句。有些说法已成习惯用语，如：as is/was often the case“通常情况下”，as is my usual practice“这是我的习惯”，as is/was typical“一如往常；一贯如此”。
佳句输入
◎As we all know，you are not only an outstanding English teacher in our school，but also a fantastic educator．
我们都知道，您不仅是我们学校一位杰出的英语老师，也是一位出色的教育家。
8．动词-ing形式作状语
Russell was saved from the water，but he was badly burnt，bleeding heavily．
拉塞尔被从水中救了出来，但他严重烧伤，血流不止。
句式分析
◎动词-ing形式在句子中充当伴随状语时，动作与句子的谓语动词的动作同时或几乎同时发生，且与句子的主语之间是主动关系。动词-ed形式也可作伴随状语，只是与句子的主语之间是被动关系。
◎动词-ing形式作状语除了表示伴随以外，还可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果和方式等。
◎动词-ing形式除了在句中作状语外，还可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语等。
佳句输入
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Following an uncomfortable pause，he simply nodded，saying，“I agree to this arrangement and trust you．”
在一阵尴尬的停顿之后，他只是点了点头，说：“我同意这个安排，并且相信你。”
自查区——单元词句精炼
Ⅰ．重点词汇对点练
1．convince
①(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 5)Yuan was _________ (convince) that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice．
②Two main tasks remained ahead：researching ways to clean up the park and preparing a __________ (convince) presentation．
convinced
convincing
③Convinced the accuracy of the data collected，the researchers stuck to their opinion．
④(读后续写之人物描写)汤姆盯着奖牌，他父亲的旧表发出响亮的滴答声，直到它稳定的节奏说服他再试一次。
Tom stared at the medal，his father's old watch ticking loudly，until its steady rhythm __________________________．
convinced him to try again
of
2．load
①(外研版必修第三册Unit 4)Now，at the top of these stone stairs...get _ load of that!
②When we saw our fruits of labor were loaded _________ the truck，we all felt satisfied and excited．
③The processes take place to stop our brains from becoming loaded ____ memories．
④(读后续写之情感描写)听到这个好消息，我感到如释重负。
Hearing the good news，I felt ______________________________．
a
onto/into
with
a heavy load taken off my mind
3．acknowledge
①(外研版选择性必修第三册Unit 1)What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged ____ good health not only makes us more beautiful，but happier，too!
②Yuan Longping is acknowledged __ the father of hybrid rice．
③He acknowledged ______________ (defeat) publicly by his friend in the game，which made us surprised．
that
as
being defeated
④(应用文写作之观点表达)人们普遍认为家庭教育对一个人的未来发展至关重要。
Family education _________________________________ vital for one's future development．(简单句)
→ ___________________________________ family education is vital for one's future development．(复合句)
is universally acknowledged to be
It is universally acknowledged that
4．insist
①(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 1)Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted __ testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe．
②Some students who are against it insist that the patients __________________ (inform) of the truth of their illnesses．
③Her __________ (insist) on waking up at dawn to practice the piano amazed everyone in the household．
on
should be informed
insistence
④(应用文写作之观点表达)她坚持说他在会上提出的建议是可行的，所以她坚决要求对这个建议给予考虑。
She _______________________________________________________，so she __________________________________________．
insisted that the suggestion he put forward at the meeting was practical
insisted that it (should) be given consideration
5．shortage
①(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 5)However，what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious ________ (short)of food to eat．
②This country is short __ natural resources but rich in human resources．
③At the website Word Spy，fappy，which is short ___ fat and happy，is defined as overweight and happy with one's life．
shortage
of
for
④(读后续写之人物描写)那个年轻人诚实且有合作精神，当你需要他的帮助时，他总是在那里。总之，他是可靠的。
That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help．_______________________．
In short，he's reliable
6．panic
①(外研版必修第一册Unit 1)Everyone started laughing．I looked at them __ panic．
②The sudden thunderstorm panicked the hikers ____ running blindly toward the nearest shelter．
in
into
③Before the plane takes off，we should evaluate the quality of atmosphere in order not to get into _ panic．
④(读后续写之情绪描写)我太担心数学考试了，考试开始前我就慌了。
I was so worried about the math test that __________________________.
a
I panicked right before it began
7．astonish
①He was astonished ______ (see) how his hometown had changed in the past 10 years．
②To our great ____________ (astonish)，he left the party without telling anyone．
to see
astonishment
③(读后续写之神态描写)看到她的丈夫捧着一束花，她惊呆了，惊讶地张大了嘴巴。
Seeing her husband holding a bunch of flowers，she froze，_______________________________________．
her mouth dropping open in astonishment
8．comparison
①(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 4)__ comparison，in Bulgaria and southern Albania，the gestures have the opposite meaning．
②In comparison ______ buses and planes，people prefer CRH because of its high speed，comfort and safety．
③As for parents，nothing can be compared ____ their children's physical and mental health．
By
with
with
④(读后续写之神态描写)与妈妈见到我时那种欣喜若狂相比，爸爸的态度依然冷淡。
___________________ who rejoiced with wild excitement the moment she saw me，Daddy just remained cold．
Compared to Mum
9．contrary
①(北师大版选择性必修第二册Unit 4)____ the contrary，he is nothing like Mr Bean．
②I was requested to carry on with my work unless ordered __ the contrary．
③And contrary __ what Western cynics say，that help comes with no strings attached．
On
to
to
④(读后续写之人物描写)这个人给人的印象是过于谨慎，但实际正相反，他喜欢冒险。
The man gives the impression that he's overcautious，but ____________________________________．
on the contrary，
he likes adventures
10．regardless of
①(外研版选择性必修第三册Unit 2)Cunningham would go out onto the streets of New York each and every day，regardless __ the weather．
②With regard __ online learning，if we lack self-discipline，we're likely to be addicted to chatting online or playing games．
of
to
③(读后续写之感悟升华)我的家人会做正确的事情，不管结果如何都会帮助别人，在未来的生活中做额外的善事。
My family will do the right things，helping people _____________________ and doing extra kindnesses in the future life．
regardless of the outcome
Ⅱ．高频词汇精准练
1．He has ______ himself capable of handling complex situations，and these results are a further _____ of his outstanding ability．(prove)
2．A country's _______ comes from taxpayers．To be ___________ independent，a country must shake off the control of foreign capital．Moreover，_________ security should be high on the government's list of priorities．(finance)
proved
proof
finance
financially
financial
3．Jack is the _______ son of Mrs Green，who _______ him when his parents died 20 years ago．Thanks to her ________，Jack was able to receive a good education and become an engineer．(adopt)
4．(读后续写之动作描写)She knelt by the box，fingers flying to sort ___ old photos before the movers arrived．
5．We must allow ___ getting stuck in a traffic jam，so we'd better start earlier．
adopted
adopted
adoption
out
for
Ⅲ．多义词汇语段练(依次写出语段中黑体单词的词性及含义)
1．When the CEO first proposed the radical project，many managers dismissed it as a risky gamble，rolling their eyes at the idea of overhauling decades-old systems．However，the team leader chose to dismiss her doubts and pushed for a trial run．During the crucial meeting，she dismissed the staff early to allow small groups to brainstorm freely．Yet，when one member leaked confidential plans，
the company had no choice but to dismiss him to protect corporate integrity．
①____________________________　②______________
③________　④________
vt．不予考虑，对……不屑一提
vt．去除，摒除
vt．解散
vt．解雇
2．Lila found a pack from Grandma，containing a pack of old cards．While packing for her trip，she packed the cards into her bag，cherishing the warm memory they carried．
①_______　②_______　③________　④________
3．The spy uncovered a plot to steal secrets and altered the movie's plot．Meanwhile，villains plotted to ruin the hero's plan．
①_______　②___________　③________
n．包裹
n．小盒
vi．打包
vt．塞进
n．阴谋
n．故事情节
vi．密谋
Ⅳ．阅读词汇语境练(写出句中黑体词的词性及含义)
1．In the Ming Dynasty，trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous as it used to be． _______
2．Despite previous failed attempts，the scientists believed they would make a breakthrough in the subsequent experiments． ___________
3．They traveled extensively across Southeast Asia，documenting local traditions and cuisines． ___________
n．路线
adj．后来的
adv．广泛地
4．The teacher used interactive games to facilitate understanding of complex math concepts． ________
5．Be careful with that knife—you might cut yourself and bleed． ________
6．Over coffee，they hatched an idea for a start-up that would revolutionize online shopping． ________
vt．促进
vi．流血
vt．策划
Ⅴ．写作句式迁移练
1．如图所示，大多数学生，多达70%，致力于学习，而30%去旅游。(as引导非限制性定语从句)
________________________，the majority of students，as many as 70%，devoted themselves to studying while 30% went traveling．
2．父亲不明白儿子的意思，只是站在那里，等着儿子的解释。(动词-ing形式作状语)
Not knowing what his son meant，the father just stood there，_________________________________．
As is shown in the chart
waiting for his son's explanation
3．有一个重要的班会要参加，我不能陪你去书店了。(with复合结构)
___________________________________，I can't accompany you to the bookstore．
4．这教给了他们宝贵的一课：善待动物并尊重它们能创造一个充满爱和和谐的世界。(动词-ing形式作主语)
This taught them an invaluable lesson that _________________________________________________________________________________．
With an important class meeting to attend
treating animals with
kindness and respecting them can create a world of love and harmony
5．如果一个人在事故中受了重伤，你最好把他留在原地。(where引导状语从句)
If a person is badly injured in an accident，you'd better leave him ___________．
where he is
练表达——主题引领写作
你们学校正举办主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位中国历史人物为主题写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1．人物简介及事迹；
2．意义或启示。
注意：写作词数应为80个左右。
完成句子
①孔子是中国古代一位极具影响力的哲学家，因塑造了中国传统价值观而受到广泛认可。(exceptionally，influential，acknowledge)
Confucius，an exceptionally influential philosopher in ancient China，__________________________ shaping traditional Chinese values．
is widely acknowledged for
②他坚持沿着艰苦的路线传播他的哲学，从而推动了仁爱与和谐思想的传播。(insist，route，allow for，动词-ing形式作状语)
He ________________________________________________________，_________________________________ on benevolence and harmony．
insisted on traveling along arduous routes to spread his philosophy
allowing for the dissemination of ideas
③他和他弟子的言论被汇编成《论语》，成为文化和伦理教育的基石。(过去分词短语作定语)
His and his disciples' sayings，__________________________，became a cornerstone of literary and ethical education．
④与他那个时代的混乱相反，孔子的智慧为后来的社会改革奠定了基础。(contrary to，subsequent，reform)
____________________________，Confucius' wisdom laid the foundation _____________________________．
compiled into The Analects
Contrary to the chaos of his era
for subsequent social reforms
⑤他的原则仍然引领着现代社会，他的遗产继续激励着人们追求道德情操。(with复合结构)
________________________________________，his legacy keeps inspiring people to pursue moral integrity．
⑥作为中国文化永恒的象征，他证明了在人性和尊重盛行的地方，深刻的思想可以蓬勃发展。(where引导状语从句)
As a timeless symbol of Chinese culture，he proves that profound thoughts can thrive __________________________________．
With his principles still guiding modern society
where humanity and respect prevail
组句成篇 把以上句子用适当的过渡词或过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
【参考范文】
Confucius，an exceptionally influential philosopher in ancient China，is widely acknowledged for shaping traditional Chinese values．He insisted on traveling along arduous routes to spread his philosophy，allowing for the dissemination of ideas on benevolence and harmony．His and his disciples' sayings，compiled into The Analects，became a cornerstone of literary and ethical education．
Contrary to the chaos of his era，Confucius' wisdom laid the foundation for subsequent social reforms．With his principles still guiding modern society，his legacy keeps inspiring people to pursue moral integrity．As a timeless symbol of Chinese culture，he proves that profound thoughts can thrive where humanity and respect prevail．
语料积累
悲泣如潮， 哀恸难掩 a river of tears，sobbing uncontrollably，weeping bitterly，heartbroken tears 喜泪盈眶， 情难自抑 tears of joy，tears welling up，with tears in one's eyes
泪别无声， 伤怀暗涌 silent tears，a teary goodbye，shed tears 泪意初萌， 心绪翻涌 burst into tears，wipe tears
语料运用
微情景1　“因善得福”——喜悦与感恩交织的“哭”
Hearing of the good news，Will turned overjoyed，①__________
__________________________________________(幸福的泪水像钻石一样在他的眼睛里闪烁)．He hugged Allen with a lump in his throat，and ②________________________________________(他再也抑制不住泪水了)．Allen patted his head and appreciated the precious kindness，③_________________________________ (感激的泪水模糊了他的眼
tears of
happiness shining like diamonds in his eyes
he couldn't hold back his tears any more
tears of gratitude blurring his eyes
睛)．Even though he had to sell the house for his mother's treatment，Will could still buy food for a stranger．Allen asked，“We should be kind to the world，and the world will be kind to us，isn't it？” Hearing the words，Will ④______________________(又放声大哭起来)，but this time warm and delighted．
burst into tears again
微情景 2　“历史事件”——悲怆与欣慰交织的“哭”
①______________________________________________(当探索敦煌莫高窟的历史时)，I read about the tragic plunder of its precious sutras．Imagining the monks' heartbroken tears as foreign explorers carried away ancient manuscripts，I sobbed uncontrollably，②__________________________________(泪水如河般从我的脸上流下)．Decades later，when researchers finally pieced together
When exploring the history of Dunhuang Mogao Caves
a river of tears streaming down my face
fragments of those lost texts，③________________________________
(他们眼中涌出了喜悦的泪水)．This teary goodbye to cultural heritage still makes me shed silent tears，④_____________________ (抹去悲伤)as I vow to safeguard history．
tears of joy welled up in their eyes
wiping away sorrow
题型组合练(三十五)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：47.5分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·安徽六安模拟)
A handshake seems to be a normal gesture．In fact，in the 9th century BC，an ancient site during the ruling of Shalmaneser Ⅲ clearly shows two figures holding hands．Centuries later，Shakespeare once
wrote of two characters who shook hands and swore to be brothers in the book As You Like It．Shaking hands seems to be an ancient custom whose roots are lost to the sands of time．
Historians who have studied ancient etiquette (礼仪) books have noted that the modern handshake did not appear until the middle of the 19th century，when it was considered a slightly inappropriate gesture that should only be used between friends．But if Shakespeare was writing about handshaking hundreds of years earlier，what happened
According to author Torbj rn Lundmark in his Tales of Hi and Bye：Greeting and Parting Rituals Around the World，the problem comes in differing definitions of the handshake．The early handshakes mentioned above were part of making deals or peace．Shakespeare was similarly referencing the settlement of a conflict．
The modern handshake as a form of greeting is harder to trace．As a Dutch sociologist Herman Roodenburg—the chief authority for the history of handshaking—wrote in a chapter of an anthology called A Cultural History of Gesture，“More than in any other field，that of the study of gesture is one in which the historian has to make the most of only a few clues．”
As the centuries progressed，handshaking was replaced by more hierarchical (等级制度的) ways of greeting－like bowing．Handshaking survived in a few remote places，like in Dutch towns where some would use the gesture to make peace after disagreements．Around the same time，those who valued equality also made use of handshaking．Then，as the Continent's hierarchy weakened，handshaking became common practice among people of the same rank，as it is today．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了握手这一古老的礼仪习俗的起源和演变。
1．Why does the author mention Shakespeare in the first paragraph
A．To prove that the history of handshaking is hard to find．
B．To illustrate that handshaking is a very old custom．
C．To show readers that handshaking is common in fiction．
D．To explain the value of handshaking in communication．
√
B　[推理判断题。第一段提到“莎士比亚曾在《皆大欢喜》中描写了两个人物握手并发誓成为兄弟”和“在一个古代遗址中有两个人物在握手”，作者通过这两个例子证明“Shaking hands seems to be an ancient custom whose roots are lost to the sands of time．”。故选B。]
2．What can we learn about handshaking from the passage
A．The origin of handshaking as a form of greeting is easy to trace．
B．Citizens usually shake hands to show friendliness in the Netherlands．
C．It was used only between friends and to reach an agreement．
D．It is common practice between people of different social positions．
√
C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Historians...have noted that the modern handshake did not appear...it was considered a slightly inappropriate gesture that should only be used between friends．”可知，研究古代礼仪书籍的历史学家指出，现代握手直到19世纪中叶才出现，当时它被认为是一种略微不恰当的手势，只能在朋友之间使用。再由第三段中的“The early handshakes...making deals or peace．”可知，早期的握手是达成协议或和解的一部分。故选 C。]
3．Which of the following is similar in meaning to the underlined word “anthology” in paragraph 4
A．The science of mental ability．
B．A collection of selected literary passages．
C．A daily written record of experiences．
D．All the living things of a particular region．
√
B　[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，一位荷兰社会学家在名为《手势的文化史》这一anthology中的一个章节写道“More than in any other field...make the most of only a few clues．”，故画线词指的是这位荷兰社会学家所撰写的某一本书，故选B。]
4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage
A．The handshake has disappeared in some remote parts of the Netherlands．
B．Handshaking has different meanings in different European countries．
C．Handshakes are now common between people of different positions．
D．Most Europeans prefer to shake hands owing to the weakening effect of rank．
√
D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“as the Continent's hierarchy weakened，handshaking became common practice among people of the same rank，as it is today”可推知，大多数欧洲人更喜欢握手，是因为等级制度的影响越来越弱，故选D。]
B
Picture this：Australia，1932．Retired soldiers of World War Ⅰ were given land to farm，only to face their toughest enemy—giant，hungry birds!
After World War Ⅰ，the Australian government sought to settle over 5，000 soldiers as farmers in Western Australia．However，the region's poor soil and unpredictable rainfall made farming difficult．When a severe drought in 1932 drove nearly 20，000 hungry emus (鸸鹋) into the farmland，the birds—breaking fences and damaging the crops—became the final straw for the struggling farmers．
The government's response was quick and strange：it declared war...on the birds．What officials expected to be an easy victory turned into a surprising and odd event known as the “Emu War”．
Armed with machine guns，the soldiers didn't take their opponents seriously，assuming the flightless birds would be no match for bullets．Yet the effort quickly turned into chaos．In the first three days，the men killed only 30 emus as the birds demonstrated remarkable survival strategies．Instead of staying in large groups，the emus spread out，making them difficult to target．Military reports documented the birds' astonishing speed，which could reach up to 55 km/h across uneven ground．Most incredibly，witnesses observed what appeared to be cooperative behaviors，with some birds seemingly functioning as guards to warn the group of danger，enabling them to escape the gunfire．
After 45 days，the soldiers had killed only about 2，500 emus and used 10，000 bullets! Facing public criticism and growing calls for humane (人道的) treatment of the animals，the government was forced to withdraw its forces．
While the Emu War ended in military failure，it transformed these birds into national symbols of survival and adaptability．Today，the emu proudly appears on Australia's coat of arms，symbolizing nature's ultimate victory．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了曾经在澳大利亚发生的一场“人鸟大战”，并说明了事情的起因和经过。
5．Why did the government declare war on emus
A．To train soldiers．　　 B．To protect crops．
C．To save the straw． D．To test new weapons．
√
B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“When a severe drought in 1932 drove nearly 20，000 hungry emus into the farmland，the birds—breaking fences and damaging the crops—became the final straw for the struggling farmers．”可知，政府要向鸸鹋宣战是为了保护庄稼。故选B。]
6．Which strategy did the emus NOT use to survive the attack
A．Air attack． B．Lookout system．
C．Speed advantage． D．Flexible movements．
A　[推理判断题。根据第四段中“Armed with machine guns，the soldiers didn't take their opponents seriously，assuming the flightless birds would be no match for bullets．”可推知，该鸟不会飞，没有使用空袭策略。故选A。]
√
7．What ultimately caused the government to end the war
A．A shortage of bullets．
B．Success of the mission．
C．Mercy from the soldiers．
D．Pressure from the public．
√
D　[细节理解题。根据第五段中“Facing public criticism and growing calls for humane treatment of the animals，the government was forced to withdraw its forces．”可知，来自公众的压力最终导致政府结束了战争。故选D。]
8．How would the two sides describe the event
A．Emus：Birds of a feather flock together．
B．Emus：The best defense is a good offense．
C．Soldiers：Never underestimate your enemy．
D．Soldiers：The pen is mightier than the sword．
√
C　[推理判断题。根据第四段中“Armed with machine guns，the soldiers didn't take their opponents seriously，assuming the flightless birds would be no match for bullets．”可推知，士兵轻敌，未重视鸸鹋。故选C。]
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2025·江苏扬州模拟)
Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo was a Spanish explorer and navigator (航海家)．He is known as the first European to visit and 1 the area that would become the state of California．
Nothing is definitively known about Cabrillo's 2 ，family，or early history．Although some claimed he was Portuguese， 3 historical research has established that he was from Spain．He received a good basic 4 when he was young，enabling him to work as a skilled navigator．
In June 1542，Cabrillo 5 a fleet out of a Mexican port and sailed north．His 6 was to map the coast of what is now California，which at the time was part of New Spain．And in late September，he 7 San Diego Bay，making the first European landfall in California．
The expedition (探险队) continued up the coast， 8 or visiting many places，including Santa Catalina Island，where they spent the winter．However，when a group of Cabrillo's men went onto the land，they were 9 by the Native Americans living there．Cabrillo went to their 10 ，but injured his leg 11 when jumping from the boat．Cabrillo 12 to the ship，where he died on January 3，1543，as a result of the 13 ．
Cabrillo's role as the first European explorer of California was 14 in 1913 with the establishment of the Cabrillo National Monument on Point Loma，where the Cabrillo Festival is held every September when actors play Cabrillo's 15 landing on the shores of San Diego Bay．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了西班牙探险家Cabrillo的生平事迹，特别是他作为第一个探访并记录加利福尼亚的欧洲人的成就。
1．A．protect　　　　　　　 B．restore
C．finance D．document
D　[根据第三段第二句中的“to map the coast of what is now California”可知，Cabrillo绘制了加利福尼亚的海岸线的地图，也就是他记录了这个地方。故选D。]
√
2．A．work B．birthplace
C．appearance D．death
B　[根据下文中的“Although some claimed he was Portuguese”以及“historical research has established that he was from Spain”可知，关于Cabrillo的出生地没有任何确切的记载。故选B。]
√
3．A．in-depth B．outdated
C．long-lost D．upcoming
A　[根据本句中的“historical research has established that he was from Spain”可知，深入的历史研究已经确定他是来自西班牙。故选A。]
√
4．A．service B．reputation
C．education D．allowance
C　[ 根据本句中的“enabling him to work as a skilled navigator”可知，他年轻时受过良好的基础教育，使他能够成为一名熟练的航海家。故选C。]
√
5．A．saw B．led
C．stopped D．rescued
B　[根据本句中的“a fleet out of a Mexican port and sailed north”可知，Cabrillo带领一支舰队从墨西哥的一个港口出发。故选B。]
√
6．A．function B．suggestion
C．conclusion D．mission
D　[根据本句中的 “was to map the coast of what is now California”可知，他的任务是绘制现在加利福尼亚的海岸线的地图。故选D。]
√
7．A．destroyed B．polluted
C．entered D．rediscovered
C　[根据本句中的“San Diego Bay，making the first European landfall in California”可知，他进入圣地亚哥湾。故选C。]
√
8．A．sailing by B．thinking of
C．handing over D．taking back
A　[根据本句中的“The expedition continued up the coast”可知，探险队经过或访问了许多地方。故选A。]
√
9．A．admired B．guided
C．complained D．attacked
D　[根据下文中的“injured his leg”可知，他们遭到了当地美洲原住民的袭击。故选D。]
√
10．A．credit B．test
C．aid D．demand
C　[根据本句中的“injured his leg”可知，Cabrillo在自己率领的船员受到攻击的时候赶去支援。故选C。]
√
11．A．occasionally B．severely
C．previously D．purposefully
B　[根据下文中的“he died on January 3，1543”可知，Cabrillo在1543年1月3日去世，可推理出Cabrillo从船上跳下时严重受伤。故选B。]
√
12．A．contributed B．returned
C．responded D．pointed
B　[根据本句中的“to the ship，where he died on January 3，1543”可知，Cabrillo返回了船上。故选B。]
√
13．A．wound B．disease
C．pressure D．effort
A　[根据上文中的“injured his leg”可推断，Cabrillo因伤势而去世。故选A。]
√
14．A．changed B．denied
C．doubted D．honored
D　[根据本句中的“with the establishment of the Cabrillo National Monument on Point Loma”可知，随着Point Loma的Cabrillo国家纪念碑的建立，Cabrillo作为第一个探索加利福尼亚的欧洲人的地位得到了认可。故选D。]
√
15．A．frequent B．hesitant
C．historic D．strange
C　[根据上文中的“Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo was a Spanish explorer and navigator．He is known as the first European to visit”可知，Cabrillo是第一个到达加利福尼亚的欧洲人，因此他的登陆是具有历史意义的。故选C。]
√
Ⅲ．七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·长沙雅礼中学模拟)
Huang Xuhua's legacy as China's nuclear submarine pioneer embodies the triumph of intellect over adversity．His journey began in 1926，Guangdong，where his childhood enthusiasm for machinery saw him disassemble complex devices and accurately reassemble them． 1 This amazing talent secured his place in Shanghai Jiao Tong University's naval architecture program，shaping his destiny．
When tasked in 1958 with developing China's first nuclear submarine，Huang faced great obstacles：zero foreign technical support and scarce resources． 2 Astonishingly，his team verified hull curvature (船体曲率) precision using chicken bones as hydrodynamic models．Such ingenuity made up for the lack of supercomputers．
The project's secrecy demanded extraordinary sacrifice．For three decades，Huang's family believed he worked at an ordinary factory． 3 His mother only discovered his true mission in 1987 through a magazine article，tearfully embracing her son who had prioritized national duty over family obligations．
4 Contrary to global practice where designers observe from land，he insisted on boarding the submarine．This 300-meter successful dive cleared up technological skepticism and established China's naval strength．
In his 90s，Huang advocated integrating traditional craftsmanship with AI-driven simulations． 5 His life's philosophy—“scientific rigor (严谨) and patriotic devotion are inseparable”—perfectly demonstrated how individual devotion intertwined with national revival．
A．He reinstalled a wall clock successfully after taking it down．
B．Huang redefined the leadership during the 1988 deep-dive test．
C．His sisters thought he performed routine maintenance tasks daily．
D．Colleagues remember equations covering his office walls for years．
E．Critics argued traditional methods couldn't achieve millimeter precision．
F．Historical records showed 90% of technical solutions required original innovation．
G．He instructed youths to balance technological advancement with ethical responsibility．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了黄旭华作为中国核潜艇先驱的一生及其贡献。
1．A　[根据上文“His journey began in 1926，Guangdong，where his childhood enthusiasm for machinery saw him disassemble complex devices and accurately reassemble them．”可知，此处讲述了黄旭华童年时的天赋，所以A项是对上文的具体举例，符合文意。故选A。]
2．F　[根据上文“When tasked in 1958 with developing China's first nuclear submarine，Huang faced great obstacles：zero foreign technical support and scarce resources．”可知，本段主要讲述了黄旭华受命开发中国第一代核潜艇时面临的困难，所以F项是对前文的详细举例，符合文意。故选F。]
3．C　[根据上文“The project's secrecy demanded extraordinary sacrifice．For three decades，Huang's family believed he worked at an ordinary factory．”可知，本段讲述了因为保密需要，家人一直以为黄旭华做的是普通工作，所以C项符合本段主题。故选C。]
4．B　[根据下文“Contrary to global practice where designers observe from land，he insisted on boarding the submarine．This 300-meter successful dive cleared up technological skepticism and established China's naval strength．”可知，黄旭华亲自登上潜艇测试，所以B项符合本段主题。故选B。]
5．G　[根据下文“His life's philosophy— ‘scientific rigor and patriotic devotion are inseparable’ —perfectly demonstrated how individual devotion intertwined with national revival．”可知，本段讲述了黄旭华的人生哲理，所以G项符合本段主题，引出下文。故选G。]
谢 谢 ！题型组合练(三十五)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：47.5分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·安徽六安模拟)
A handshake seems to be a normal gesture．In fact，in the 9th century BC，an ancient site during the ruling of Shalmaneser Ⅲ clearly shows two figures holding hands．Centuries later，Shakespeare once wrote of two characters who shook hands and swore to be brothers in the book As You Like It．Shaking hands seems to be an ancient custom whose roots are lost to the sands of time．
Historians who have studied ancient etiquette (礼仪) books have noted that the modern handshake did not appear until the middle of the 19th century，when it was considered a slightly inappropriate gesture that should only be used between friends．But if Shakespeare was writing about handshaking hundreds of years earlier，what happened
According to author Torbj rn Lundmark in his Tales of Hi and Bye：Greeting and Parting Rituals Around the World，the problem comes in differing definitions of the handshake．The early handshakes mentioned above were part of making deals or peace．Shakespeare was similarly referencing the settlement of a conflict．
The modern handshake as a form of greeting is harder to trace．As a Dutch sociologist Herman Roodenburg—the chief authority for the history of handshaking—wrote in a chapter of an anthology called A Cultural History of Gesture，“More than in any other field，that of the study of gesture is one in which the historian has to make the most of only a few clues．”
As the centuries progressed，handshaking was replaced by more hierarchical (等级制度的) ways of greeting－like bowing．Handshaking survived in a few remote places，like in Dutch towns where some would use the gesture to make peace after disagreements．Around the same time，those who valued equality also made use of handshaking．Then，as the Continent's hierarchy weakened，handshaking became common practice among people of the same rank，as it is today．
1．Why does the author mention Shakespeare in the first paragraph
A．To prove that the history of handshaking is hard to find．
B．To illustrate that handshaking is a very old custom．
C．To show readers that handshaking is common in fiction．
D．To explain the value of handshaking in communication．
2．What can we learn about handshaking from the passage
A．The origin of handshaking as a form of greeting is easy to trace．
B．Citizens usually shake hands to show friendliness in the Netherlands．
C．It was used only between friends and to reach an agreement．
D．It is common practice between people of different social positions．
3．Which of the following is similar in meaning to the underlined word “anthology” in paragraph 4
A．The science of mental ability．
B．A collection of selected literary passages．
C．A daily written record of experiences．
D．All the living things of a particular region．
4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage
A．The handshake has disappeared in some remote parts of the Netherlands．
B．Handshaking has different meanings in different European countries．
C．Handshakes are now common between people of different positions．
D．Most Europeans prefer to shake hands owing to the weakening effect of rank．
B
Picture this：Australia，1932．Retired soldiers of World War Ⅰ were given land to farm，only to face their toughest enemy—giant，hungry birds!
After World War Ⅰ，the Australian government sought to settle over 5，000 soldiers as farmers in Western Australia．However，the region's poor soil and unpredictable rainfall made farming difficult．When a severe drought in 1932 drove nearly 20，000 hungry emus (鸸鹋) into the farmland，the birds—breaking fences and damaging the crops—became the final straw for the struggling farmers．
The government's response was quick and strange：it declared war...on the birds．What officials expected to be an easy victory turned into a surprising and odd event known as the “Emu War”．
Armed with machine guns，the soldiers didn't take their opponents seriously，assuming the flightless birds would be no match for bullets．Yet the effort quickly turned into chaos．In the first three days，the men killed only 30 emus as the birds demonstrated remarkable survival strategies．Instead of staying in large groups，the emus spread out，making them difficult to target．Military reports documented the birds' astonishing speed，which could reach up to 55 km/h across uneven ground．Most incredibly，witnesses observed what appeared to be cooperative behaviors，with some birds seemingly functioning as guards to warn the group of danger，enabling them to escape the gunfire．
After 45 days，the soldiers had killed only about 2，500 emus and used 10，000 bullets! Facing public criticism and growing calls for humane (人道的) treatment of the animals，the government was forced to withdraw its forces．
While the Emu War ended in military failure，it transformed these birds into national symbols of survival and adaptability．Today，the emu proudly appears on Australia's coat of arms，symbolizing nature's ultimate victory．
5．Why did the government declare war on emus
A．To train soldiers．　　 B．To protect crops．
C．To save the straw． D．To test new weapons．
6．Which strategy did the emus NOT use to survive the attack
A．Air attack． B．Lookout system．
C．Speed advantage． D．Flexible movements．
7．What ultimately caused the government to end the war
A．A shortage of bullets．
B．Success of the mission．
C．Mercy from the soldiers．
D．Pressure from the public．
8．How would the two sides describe the event
A．Emus：Birds of a feather flock together．
B．Emus：The best defense is a good offense．
C．Soldiers：Never underestimate your enemy．
D．Soldiers：The pen is mightier than the sword．
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2025·江苏扬州模拟)
Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo was a Spanish explorer and navigator (航海家)．He is known as the first European to visit and 1 the area that would become the state of California．
Nothing is definitively known about Cabrillo's 2 ，family，or early history．Although some claimed he was Portuguese， 3 historical research has established that he was from Spain．He received a good basic 4 when he was young，enabling him to work as a skilled navigator．
In June 1542，Cabrillo 5 a fleet out of a Mexican port and sailed north．His 6 was to map the coast of what is now California，which at the time was part of New Spain．And in late September，he 7 San Diego Bay，making the first European landfall in California．
The expedition (探险队) continued up the coast， 8 or visiting many places，including Santa Catalina Island，where they spent the winter．However，when a group of Cabrillo's men went onto the land，they were 9 by the Native Americans living there．Cabrillo went to their 10 ，but injured his leg 11 when jumping from the boat．Cabrillo 12 to the ship，where he died on January 3，1543，as a result of the 13 ．
Cabrillo's role as the first European explorer of California was 14 in 1913 with the establishment of the Cabrillo National Monument on Point Loma，where the Cabrillo Festival is held every September when actors play Cabrillo's 15 landing on the shores of San Diego Bay．
1．A．protect　　　　　　　 B．restore
C．finance D．document
2．A．work B．birthplace
C．appearance D．death
3．A．in-depth B．outdated
C．long-lost D．upcoming
4．A．service B．reputation
C．education D．allowance
5．A．saw B．led
C．stopped D．rescued
6．A．function B．suggestion
C．conclusion D．mission
7．A．destroyed B．polluted
C．entered D．rediscovered
8．A．sailing by B．thinking of
C．handing over D．taking back
9．A．admired B．guided
C．complained D．attacked
10．A．credit B．test
C．aid D．demand
11．A．occasionally B．severely
C．previously D．purposefully
12．A．contributed B．returned
C．responded D．pointed
13．A．wound B．disease
C．pressure D．effort
14．A．changed B．denied
C．doubted D．honored
15．A．frequent B．hesitant
C．historic D．strange
Ⅲ．七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·长沙雅礼中学模拟)
Huang Xuhua's legacy as China's nuclear submarine pioneer embodies the triumph of intellect over adversity．His journey began in 1926，Guangdong，where his childhood enthusiasm for machinery saw him disassemble complex devices and accurately reassemble them． 1 This amazing talent secured his place in Shanghai Jiao Tong University's naval architecture program，shaping his destiny．
When tasked in 1958 with developing China's first nuclear submarine，Huang faced great obstacles：zero foreign technical support and scarce resources． 2 Astonishingly，his team verified hull curvature (船体曲率) precision using chicken bones as hydrodynamic models．Such ingenuity made up for the lack of supercomputers．
The project's secrecy demanded extraordinary sacrifice．For three decades，Huang's family believed he worked at an ordinary factory． 3 His mother only discovered his true mission in 1987 through a magazine article，tearfully embracing her son who had prioritized national duty over family obligations．
4 Contrary to global practice where designers observe from land，he insisted on boarding the submarine．This 300-meter successful dive cleared up technological skepticism and established China's naval strength．
In his 90s，Huang advocated integrating traditional craftsmanship with AI-driven simulations． 5 His life's philosophy—“scientific rigor (严谨) and patriotic devotion are inseparable”—perfectly demonstrated how individual devotion intertwined with national revival．
A．He reinstalled a wall clock successfully after taking it down．
B．Huang redefined the leadership during the 1988 deep-dive test．
C．His sisters thought he performed routine maintenance tasks daily．
D．Colleagues remember equations covering his office walls for years．
E．Critics argued traditional methods couldn't achieve millimeter precision．
F．Historical records showed 90% of technical solutions required original innovation．
G．He instructed youths to balance technological advancement with ethical responsibility．
题型组合练(三十五)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了握手这一古老的礼仪习俗的起源和演变。
1．B　[推理判断题。第一段提到“莎士比亚曾在《皆大欢喜》中描写了两个人物握手并发誓成为兄弟”和“在一个古代遗址中有两个人物在握手”，作者通过这两个例子证明“Shaking hands seems to be an ancient custom whose roots are lost to the sands of time．”。故选B。]
2．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Historians．．．have noted that the modern handshake did not appear．．．it was considered a slightly inappropriate gesture that should only be used between friends．”可知，研究古代礼仪书籍的历史学家指出，现代握手直到19世纪中叶才出现，当时它被认为是一种略微不恰当的手势，只能在朋友之间使用。再由第三段中的“The early handshakes．．．making deals or peace．”可知，早期的握手是达成协议或和解的一部分。故选 C。]
3．B　[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，一位荷兰社会学家在名为《手势的文化史》这一anthology中的一个章节写道“More than in any other field．．．make the most of only a few clues．”，故画线词指的是这位荷兰社会学家所撰写的某一本书，故选B。]
4．D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“as the Continent's hierarchy weakened，handshaking became common practice among people of the same rank，as it is today”可推知，大多数欧洲人更喜欢握手，是因为等级制度的影响越来越弱，故选D。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了曾经在澳大利亚发生的一场“人鸟大战”，并说明了事情的起因和经过。
5．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“When a severe drought in 1932 drove nearly 20，000 hungry emus into the farmland，the birds—breaking fences and damaging the crops—became the final straw for the struggling farmers．”可知，政府要向鸸鹋宣战是为了保护庄稼。故选B。]
6．A　[推理判断题。根据第四段中“Armed with machine guns，the soldiers didn't take their opponents seriously，assuming the flightless birds would be no match for bullets．”可推知，该鸟不会飞，没有使用空袭策略。故选A。]
7．D　[细节理解题。根据第五段中“Facing public criticism and growing calls for humane treatment of the animals，the government was forced to withdraw its forces．”可知，来自公众的压力最终导致政府结束了战争。故选D。]
8．C　[推理判断题。根据第四段中“Armed with machine guns，the soldiers didn't take their opponents seriously，assuming the flightless birds would be no match for bullets．”可推知，士兵轻敌，未重视鸸鹋。故选C。]
Ⅱ．1－5　DBACB　6－10　DCADC　11－15　BBADC
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了黄旭华作为中国核潜艇先驱的一生及其贡献。
1．A　[根据上文“His journey began in 1926，Guangdong，where his childhood enthusiasm for machinery saw him disassemble complex devices and accurately reassemble them．”可知，此处讲述了黄旭华童年时的天赋，所以A项是对上文的具体举例，符合文意。故选A。]
2．F　[根据上文“When tasked in 1958 with developing China's first nuclear submarine，Huang faced great obstacles：zero foreign technical support and scarce resources．”可知，本段主要讲述了黄旭华受命开发中国第一代核潜艇时面临的困难，所以F项是对前文的详细举例，符合文意。故选F。]
3．C　[根据上文“The project's secrecy demanded extraordinary sacrifice．For three decades，Huang's family believed he worked at an ordinary factory．”可知，本段讲述了因为保密需要，家人一直以为黄旭华做的是普通工作，所以C项符合本段主题。故选C。]
4．B　[根据下文“Contrary to global practice where designers observe from land，he insisted on boarding the submarine．This 300 meter successful dive cleared up technological skepticism and established China's naval strength．”可知，黄旭华亲自登上潜艇测试，所以B项符合本段主题。故选B。]
5．G　[根据下文“His life's philosophy— ‘scientific rigor and patriotic devotion are inseparable’ —perfectly demonstrated how individual devotion intertwined with national revival．”可知，本段讲述了黄旭华的人生哲理，所以G项符合本段主题，引出下文。故选G。]

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