资源简介

1．react vi．(对……)作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应 (reaction n．反应)
◎react to 对……作出反应
react with 与……起(化学)反应
react against 反对；反抗；反叛
◎in reaction to 对……作出反应/以应对……
◎With their ability to see ahead，they could signal any problem，so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time．
因为能提前看到，它们可以感知任何问题，这样快速行驶的火车就能及时作出反应。
2．sympathy n．同情；赞同(sympathetic adj．同情的；有同情心的；赞同的 sympathetically adv．同情地；赞同地)
◎feel/have (no/little) sympathy for sb．
(不)同情某人
with sympathy 同情地
out of sympathy(for...) 出于(对……的)同情
in sympathy with... 赞同……；因……而出现，相应发生
◎be sympathetic to/towards sb．/sth．支持某人/赞同某事
◎The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned．
新环境中的一方应该体谅你的朋友可能感到被抛弃的事实。
3．approve vi．& vt．赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等)(approval n．赞许；赞成；同意；批准approving adj．同意的；赞许的；赞成的)
◎approve sth．　　 批准某事
approve of sth． 赞成/同意某事
approve of (sb．/one's) doing sth． 赞成/同意(某人)做某事
◎with one's approval 得到某人的批准或同意
give one's approval to sth． 批准某事
◎(2024·天津3月卷)Instead of focusing on winning the approval of others，try to understand and accept yourself．
不要执着于赢得他人的认可，而是要努力理解和接受自己。
4．correspond vi．类似于；相一致，符合；通信(corresponding adj．相当的，相应的；一致的；通信的correspondence n．通信；一致；相当)
◎correspond to/with...　 与……相一致
correspond to... 相当于……；类似于……
correspond with sb． 与某人通信
◎in correspondence with... 与……相一致；与……通信
◎My reaction to the renewed reading no longer corresponded to the original experience，and I was no longer sure that I recognized myself as the same reader．
我对重新阅读的反应已不再与最初的体验相符，我也不再确定自己还是那个曾经的读者。
5．behave vi．& vt．表现得体，有礼貌；表现[behavio(u)r n．行为；举止；习性]
◎behave like...　 表现得像……
behave oneself 行为规矩；表现得体；检点
behave well/badly to/towards sb． 对待某人好/差
◎well-behaved/badly-behaved adj． 表现好/差的
◎(2024·北京卷)More generally，social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world．
更普遍地说，社交本能促使我们学习如何在一个社会关系复杂的世界中行事。
6．tolerate vt．容许，允许；忍受，容忍；能经受 (tolerance n．容忍；忍受；耐力 tolerant adj．宽容的，容忍的 tolerable adj．可容忍的，可忍受的)
◎tolerate (sb．) doing sth． 容忍/忍受(某人)做某事
◎be tolerant of/towards... 容忍……；耐……
◎tolerance for sth． 对某事的容忍度；对某事的承受能力
tolerance to sth． 对……的抵抗力
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly．
没有编辑可能会容忍一个懒得把单词拼写正确的作者。
7．account for sth．是……的说明(或原因)；(数量上、比例上)占
◎account...as...　　 把……视为……
◎take...into account＝take account of
考虑到……
on account of 由于；因为
on no account 绝对不；无论如何不
give an account of... 叙述/说明……
◎However，those who choose to read English books and visit English learning websites account for only 18% and 12%．
然而，选择阅读英语书籍和访问英语学习网站的人群比例分别仅占18%和12%。
1．How do you think you could sharpen your communication skills？(疑问词＋插入语＋陈述句)
你认为怎样才能提高你的沟通技巧？
2．They could be interpreted as a welcoming greeting from a close friend，especially if accompanied by a gentle smile．(状语从句的省略)
它们(这两个词)可以被解读成来自亲密朋友的热情问候，特别是如果伴随着亲切的笑容。
3．In response，the receiver sends an encoded message back，which is referred to as feedback．(which引导非限制性定语从句)
作为回应，接收者再发回一条编码信息，这就是所谓的反馈。
4．A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed，while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction．(with的复合结构)
微笑表明你对正在讨论的问题很关注，而双臂交叉、目光移开可能表明你不感兴趣，这样会造成不信任或导致摩擦。
5．The longer a borrowed word has been in use，the more it sounds and even looks like the native language．(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...)
一个外来词使用的时间越长，它听起来甚至看起来就越像本土语言。
6．It is also through those words that novel ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly．(强调句)
也正是通过那些词，新思想的传播、不同的观点的交流得以更加便捷。
7．“only＋状语”置于句首引起的部分倒装
Only when you give serious consideration to their points of view will you be able to see what accounts for their emotions and empathize with them．
只有当你认真考虑他们的观点时，你才能明白他们的情绪是如何产生的，并与他们产生共鸣。
◎only置于句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或when/if引导的状语从句等)时，主句需用部分倒装；
◎only置于句首修饰主语时不倒装。
◎ Only when we have a brave heart and strong faith can we make something unusual happen finally．
只有当我们有一颗勇敢的心和坚定的信念，我们最终才能使一些不寻常的事情发生。
8．no sooner...than...一……就……
No sooner had I begun to understand how British people communicate than it was time to head back home．
我刚开始了解英国人的沟通方式，就到了要回家的时候了。
◎no sooner...than...与hardly/scarcely...when...都是固定句式，意为“一……就……”。
◎当no sooner、hardly、scarcely位于句首时，主句须用部分倒装语序。
◎No sooner had I seen the crowd of people down there than my heart beat so fast that I was unable to say a single word．
一看到下面那一群人，我的心就跳得很快，一句话也说不出来。
Ⅰ．重点词汇对点练
1．react
①He was surprised that his answer should have caused such a strong ____________ (react)．
②(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 4)Reacting ________ body language is an important component of being a teacher．
③The scientist mixed chemicals that react ________ each other．
④(读后续写之神态描写)她双唇紧抿，双眼冒火，一言不发地反抗着那句不公的言论。
Her lips tightened，eyes blazing，____________________________________ without a word．
2．sympathy
①Studies suggest that men have less sympathy ________ the weak than women do．
②Many banks have announced to lower interest rates in sympathy ________ the general depression．
③(读后续写之情感描写)放下愤怒和沮丧之后，他发现自己的同情心反而开始萌生。
After letting go of his anger and frustration，he _______________________．
3．approve
①(北师大版选择性必修第二册Unit 5)At first，people approved ________ his studies and urged him to continue，but later when he proved Aristotle wrong，they grew angry and put him in prison．
②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian ____________ (approve) section signed．
③The teacher leaned forward and gave him an ____________ (approve) look．
④(读后续写之心理描写)当我听到他赞许的话时，一阵兴奋从心底涌上心头。
A surge of excitement rose from the bottom of my heart as I heard ________________________________．
4．correspond
①If you prepare your own ____________ (correspond)，realize the importance of dating your messages．
②I have corresponded ____________ him for many years，but I have never seen him in the flesh．
③(外研版选择性必修第四册Unit 5)Through comparison，he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond ________ the positions of the stars．
④(读后续写之动作描写)她颤抖的手指在地图上描着，每一个点都对应着一段记忆——沉船和没有月色的夜晚。
Her trembling fingers glided across the map，____________________________________：sunken vessels and moonless nights．(corresponding)
5．behave
①(外研版必修第一册 Unit 5)The research on the monarch's ______________ (behave) has however led to a greater awareness of this creature．
②In my opinion，all the students should behave ____________ (they) no matter where they are．
③Parents are more willing to acknowledge their children as adults when they behave ________ adults．
④(读后续写之情感描写)他们对客人态度不好，这使我们很失望。
They ________________________ the guests，which made us very disappointed．
6．tolerate
①(外研版选择性必修第二册Unit 2)The detox was more difficult ________________ (tolerate) than I had expected．
②I hope we can all learn ____________ (tolerate)，understanding，friendship and mutual assistance in our dealings with others．
③We can't tolerate people ____________ (throw) garbage here and there，so we will launch a campaign to appeal to people to protect the environment．
④(读后续写之感悟升华)只有当我们能容忍自己的不完美时，我们才能真正变得更加自信和美丽。
Only when we ____________________________________ can we really become more confident and beautiful．
7．account for sth．
①(外研版必修第三册Unit 5)This dazzling carpet，really a reflector，drove away the rays of the sun with wonderful intensity，which accounted ________ the vibration which passed through every atom of liquid．
②Thank you for taking my suggestions ________ account and I'm looking forward to your reply．
③The bad news was that all the flights had been cancelled ________ account of the snowstorm until further notice．
④(读后续写之感悟升华)妈妈绝对没有想到会有这样一个难忘的母亲节。
____________________________________ such an unforgettable Mother's Day．
Ⅱ．高频词汇精准练
1．The two sides have been ____________ for two weeks，and it is reported that their __________ has made great progress．(negotiate)
2．Many people expressed a strong ____________ for the original plan while a few ____________ to make some changes to it．(prefer)
3．I feel ____________ at being the center of attention．You never know how ____________ it is to be watched over at any time．(embarrass)
4．I spoke English so ____________ that my colleague felt surprised by my ____________ English，saying that he envied my __________ in English very much．(fluent)
5．(读后续写之动作描写)Their hands moved in tandem，silently cooperating ________ each other to mend the torn sail．
Ⅲ．多义词汇语段练(依次写出语段中黑体单词的词性及含义)
1．She chose a black suit that suits her figure and style，ensuring it suits the job interview's formal requirements．
①________________　②________________　③________________
2．By joining the study group，Lisa hoped to gain new perspectives on the subject．Through weekly discussions，she noticed her confidence gaining steadily．What's more，she gained from her peers' experiences，and these interactions brought her many gains，like improved grades and lasting friendships．
①________________　②________________　③________________　④________________
3．She began to slip on the icy path but grabbed a railing，then watched as a scarf slipped from her shoulder．Later，she slipped into the library quietly and slipped into a daydream while reading．
①________________　②________________　③________________　④________________
Ⅳ．阅读词汇语境练(写出句中黑体词的词性及含义)
1．We appreciate your honest feedback and will take it into consideration． ________________
2．Political friction between the nations has affected trade relations．
________________
3．The knowledgeable professor could answer any question we asked． ________________
4．The company aims to integrate different departments to improve efficiency． ________________
5．He became pessimistic about the future after facing repeated failures． ________________
6．Early intervention in children's education can significantly improve their learning outcomes． ________________
Ⅴ．写作句式迁移练
1．我刚进屋，吉普赛就跑了过来。 (no sooner...than...)
________________________________________________ Gypsy came running．
2．你对自己建立的信心越多，你成功的机会就越大。(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...)
_________________________ of success are．
3．只有当你能找到内心的平静，你才能与他人保持良好的关系。(“only＋状语”放于句首)
Only when you can find peace in your heart _________________________．
4．你建议我们什么时候举行会议谈论这个问题？ (疑问词＋插入语＋陈述句)
____________________________________ a meeting to talk about the problem
5．随着你的视野扩展，这些新想法可以给生活带来全新的意义。(with复合结构)
____________________________，these new ideas can give a whole new meaning to life．
假设你是李华，你的法国笔友Diana今年暑假将开启她的首次中国之旅。她担心中国和法国的肢体语言有所不同，容易产生误会从而带来沟通障碍，故写信向你咨询相关建议。请你给Diana回一封邮件。内容包括：
1．欢迎她来中国；
2．提出肢体语言的相关建议；
3．预祝她旅途愉快。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear Diana，
I'm thrilled to learn you're visiting China this summer！ __________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
①关于肢体语言，记住一个简单的点头在这里通常意味着认可，微笑可以澄清误解，这有助于避免沟通中的潜在摩擦。(friction，非限制性定语从句)
Regarding body language，remember that a simple nod usually means approval here，and smiling can clarify misunderstandings，______________________________．
②在协商时，保持眼神交流表示尊重，但不要盯着别人看，否则你可能会让别人感到尴尬。(negotiate，embarrassed，状语从句的省略)
________________，maintaining eye contact shows respect，but avoid staring at others，or you might ________________________．
③记住这些建议，你一定会举止得体。(behave，with复合结构)
______________________，you'll surely ________________________．
④你流利的中文也会帮助你更好地了解当地文化。(fluent，obtain)
__________________________ will also help you ________________________．
把以上句子用适当的过渡词或过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
Dear Diana，
I'm thrilled to learn you're visiting China this summer！ _________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
匆匆一瞥 look，glance，glimpse at，peek/peep at 凝神注视 gaze，gaze at，stare，stare at，stare into one's eyes
眨眼示意 wink，blink 怒目而视 glare，glare at，narrow one's eyes
瞪大双眼 gape at，watch 侧目而视 cast a side glance，peer
微情景1　“陌生相遇”—— 邂逅中的“眼”动
He glanced at me and ①________________________(简单地问候了声“嗨”)．I ②________________________ (上下打量着他)，and sat beside him，saying，“Nice to meet you．” ③____________________________________ (他羞涩地扑闪着一双乌溜溜的大眼睛)，and he turned his head to gaze out of the window for the rest of the journey．④________________________ (没有什么东西可以消磨时间)，I narrowed my eyes and began to have a nap．
微情景 2　“人际关系”——方寸之间的“眼”动
In the group discussion，Tom stared at the new member，①____________________ (使她很不舒服)．She nervously blinked and peeked at her notes．When Lily shared an idea，②________________________ (其他人互相看了一眼)，then nodded．The team leader gazed at everyone，③________________________ (鼓励参与)．But Mark glared at Lily's suggestion and narrowed his eyes．④________________________ (只有Jake对新来的人眨了眨眼睛)，casting a warm side glance to ease her tension．Small eye movements revealed their varied attitudes．
选择性必修第四册　UNIT 2
自查区　单元词句精练
Ⅰ．1．①reaction　②to　③with　④reacting against the unfair remark　2．①for　②with　③found himself on a road to sympathy instead　3．①of　②approval　③approving　④his word of approval　4．①correspondence　②with　③to
④each dot corresponding to a memory　5．①behavio(u)r
②themselves　③like　④behaved badly to/towards　6．①to tolerate　②tolerance　③throwing　④are tolerant of our imperfections　7．①for　②into　③on　④On no account had Mother expected
Ⅱ．1．negotiating；negotiation　2．preference；preferred
3．embarrassed；embarrassing　4．fluently；fluent；fluency　5．with
Ⅲ．1．①n．套装　②vt．相配　③vt．满足　2．①v．获得　②v．增进，增长　③v．(从……中)受益　④n．好处　3．①vi．滑倒
②vi．滑落　③vi．溜　④vi．陷入
Ⅳ．1．n．反馈的意见　2．n．摩擦　3．adj．博学的　4．vt．合并　5．adj．悲观的　6．n．干预
Ⅴ．1．No sooner had I got into the house than　2．The more confidence you build up in yourself，the greater your chances　3．can you keep good relationships with others　4．When do you suggest we hold　5．With your horizons broadened
练表达　主题引领写作
应用文写作
完成句子
①which helps avoid potential friction in communication　②When negotiating；make others embarrassed　③With these tips in mind；behave appropriately　④Your fluent Chinese；obtain a better understanding of local culture
组句成篇
Dear Diana，
I'm thrilled to learn you're visiting China this summer! Regarding body language，remember that a simple nod usually means approval here，and smiling can clarify misunderstandings，which helps avoid potential friction in communication．When negotiating，maintaining eye contact shows respect，but avoid staring at others，or you might make others embarrassed．
With these tips in mind，you'll surely behave appropriately．I'm confident your fluent Chinese will also help you obtain a better understanding of local culture．Have a fantastic trip!
Best wishes，
Yours，
Li Hua
读后续写
语料运用
微情景1　①greeted me with a simple “Hi”　②stared at him up and down　③His wide，dark eyes blinked in shyness　④With nothing to kill the time
微情景2　①making her uncomfortable　②others glanced at each other　③encouraging participation　④Only Jake winked at the newcomer(共122张PPT)
选择性必修第四册　UNIT 2　Understanding each other
第一部分 教材知识讲练
单元主题串记
自学区——单元词句复盘
重点词汇
1．react vi．(对……)作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应 (reaction n．反应)
知识归纳
◎react to　　　　 对……作出反应
react with 与……起(化学)反应
react against 反对；反抗；反叛
◎in reaction to 对……作出反应/以应对……
佳句输入
◎With their ability to see ahead，they could signal any problem，so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time．
因为能提前看到，它们可以感知任何问题，这样快速行驶的火车就能及时作出反应。
2．sympathy n．同情；赞同(sympathetic adj．同情的；有同情心的；赞同的 sympathetically adv．同情地；赞同地)
知识归纳
◎feel/have (no/little) sympathy for sb．
　　　　　 (不)同情某人
with sympathy 同情地
out of sympathy(for...) 出于(对……的)同情
in sympathy with... 赞同……；因……而出现，相应发生
◎be sympathetic to/towards sb．/sth．
支持某人/赞同某事
佳句输入
◎The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned．
新环境中的一方应该体谅你的朋友可能感到被抛弃的事实。
3．approve vi．& vt．赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等)(approval n．赞许；赞成；同意；批准approving adj．同意的；赞许的；赞成的)
知识归纳
◎approve sth．　　 批准某事
approve of sth． 赞成/同意某事
approve of (sb．/one's) doing sth．
　　　 赞成/同意(某人)做某事
◎with one's approval
得到某人的批准或同意
give one's approval to sth．
批准某事
佳句输入
◎(2024·天津3月卷)Instead of focusing on winning the approval of others，try to understand and accept yourself．
不要执着于赢得他人的认可，而是要努力理解和接受自己。
4．correspond vi．类似于；相一致，符合；通信(corresponding adj．相当的，相应的；一致的；通信的correspondence n．通信；一致；相当)
知识归纳
◎correspond to/with...　　 与……相一致
correspond to... 相当于……；类似于……
correspond with sb． 与某人通信
◎in correspondence with... 与……相一致；与……通信
佳句输入
◎My reaction to the renewed reading no longer corresponded to the original experience，and I was no longer sure that I recognized myself as the same reader．
我对重新阅读的反应已不再与最初的体验相符，我也不再确定自己还是那个曾经的读者。
5．behave vi．& vt．表现得体，有礼貌；表现[behavio(u)r n．行为；举止；习性]
知识归纳
◎behave like...　 表现得像……
behave oneself 行为规矩；表现得体；检点
behave well/badly to/towards sb． 对待某人好/差
◎well-behaved/badly-behaved adj．
表现好/差的
佳句输入
◎(2024·北京卷)More generally，social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world．
更普遍地说，社交本能促使我们学习如何在一个社会关系复杂的世界中行事。
6．tolerate vt．容许，允许；忍受，容忍；能经受 (tolerance n．容忍；忍受；耐力 tolerant adj．宽容的，容忍的 tolerable adj．可容忍的，可忍受的)
知识归纳
◎tolerate (sb．) doing sth．
　　　　　　　 容忍/忍受(某人)做某事
◎be tolerant of/towards... 容忍……；耐……
◎tolerance for sth． 对某事的容忍度；对某事的承受能力
tolerance to sth． 对……的抵抗力
佳句输入
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly．
没有编辑可能会容忍一个懒得把单词拼写正确的作者。
7．account for sth．是……的说明(或原因)；(数量上、比例上)占
知识归纳
◎account...as...　　 把……视为……
◎take...into account＝take account of
考虑到……
on account of 由于；因为
on no account 绝对不；无论如何不
give an account of... 叙述/说明……
佳句输入
◎However，those who choose to read English books and visit English learning websites account for only 18% and 12%．
然而，选择阅读英语书籍和访问英语学习网站的人群比例分别仅占18%和12%。
句型公式
1．How do you think you could sharpen your communication skills？(疑问词＋插入语＋陈述句)
你认为怎样才能提高你的沟通技巧？
2．They could be interpreted as a welcoming greeting from a close friend，especially if accompanied by a gentle smile．(状语从句的省略)
它们(这两个词)可以被解读成来自亲密朋友的热情问候，特别是如果伴随着亲切的笑容。
3．In response，the receiver sends an encoded message back，which is referred to as feedback．(which引导非限制性定语从句)
作为回应，接收者再发回一条编码信息，这就是所谓的反馈。
4．A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed，while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction．(with的复合结构)
微笑表明你对正在讨论的问题很关注，而双臂交叉、目光移开可能表明你不感兴趣，这样会造成不信任或导致摩擦。
5．The longer a borrowed word has been in use，the more it sounds and even looks like the native language．(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...)
一个外来词使用的时间越长，它听起来甚至看起来就越像本土语言。
6．It is also through those words that novel ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly．(强调句)
也正是通过那些词，新思想的传播、不同的观点的交流得以更加便捷。
7．“only＋状语”置于句首引起的部分倒装
Only when you give serious consideration to their points of view will you be able to see what accounts for their emotions and empathize with them．
只有当你认真考虑他们的观点时，你才能明白他们的情绪是如何产生的，并与他们产生共鸣。
句式分析
◎only置于句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或when/if引导的状语从句等)时，主句需用部分倒装；
◎only置于句首修饰主语时不倒装。
佳句输入
◎ Only when we have a brave heart and strong faith can we make something unusual happen finally．
只有当我们有一颗勇敢的心和坚定的信念，我们最终才能使一些不寻常的事情发生。
8．no sooner...than...一……就……
No sooner had I begun to understand how British people communicate than it was time to head back home．
我刚开始了解英国人的沟通方式，就到了要回家的时候了。
句式分析
◎no sooner...than...与hardly/scarcely...when...都是固定句式，意为“一……就……”。
◎当no sooner、hardly、scarcely位于句首时，主句须用部分倒装语序。
佳句输入
◎No sooner had I seen the crowd of people down there than my heart beat so fast that I was unable to say a single word．
一看到下面那一群人，我的心就跳得很快，一句话也说不出来。
自查区——单元词句精炼
Ⅰ．重点词汇对点练
1．react
①He was surprised that his answer should have caused such a strong ________ (react)．
②(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 4)Reacting __ body language is an important component of being a teacher．
reaction
to
③The scientist mixed chemicals that react ____ each other．
④(读后续写之神态描写)她双唇紧抿，双眼冒火，一言不发地反抗着那句不公的言论。
Her lips tightened，eyes blazing，______________________________without a word．
with
reacting against the unfair remark
2．sympathy
①Studies suggest that men have less sympathy ___ the weak than women do．
②Many banks have announced to lower interest rates in sympathy ____ the general depression．
for
with
③(读后续写之情感描写)放下愤怒和沮丧之后，他发现自己的同情心反而开始萌生。
After letting go of his anger and frustration，he ___________________________________________．
found himself on a road
to sympathy instead
3．approve
①(北师大版选择性必修第二册Unit 5)At first，people approved __ his studies and urged him to continue，but later when he proved Aristotle wrong，they grew angry and put him in prison．
②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian ________ (approve) section signed．
③The teacher leaned forward and gave him an _________ (approve) look．
of
approval
approving
④(读后续写之心理描写)当我听到他赞许的话时，一阵兴奋从心底涌上心头。
A surge of excitement rose from the bottom of my heart as I heard ____________________．
his word of approval
4．correspond
①If you prepare your own ______________ (correspond)，realize the importance of dating your messages．
②I have corresponded ____ him for many years，but I have never seen him in the flesh．
③(外研版选择性必修第四册Unit 5)Through comparison，he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond __ the positions of the stars．
correspondence
with
to
④(读后续写之动作描写)她颤抖的手指在地图上描着，每一个点都对应着一段记忆——沉船和没有月色的夜晚。
Her trembling fingers glided across the map，_____________________
______________：sunken vessels and moonless nights．(corresponding)
each dot corresponding to
a memory
5．behave
①(外研版必修第一册 Unit 5)The research on the monarch's ___________ (behave) has however led to a greater awareness of this creature．
②In my opinion，all the students should behave __________ (they) no matter where they are．
behavio(u)r
themselves
③Parents are more willing to acknowledge their children as adults when they behave ____ adults．
④(读后续写之情感描写)他们对客人态度不好，这使我们很失望。
They ________________________ the guests，which made us very disappointed．
like
behaved badly to/towards
6．tolerate
①(外研版选择性必修第二册Unit 2)The detox was more difficult ___________ (tolerate) than I had expected．
②I hope we can all learn _________ (tolerate)，understanding，friendship and mutual assistance in our dealings with others．
③We can't tolerate people ________ (throw) garbage here and there，so we will launch a campaign to appeal to people to protect the environment．
to tolerate
tolerance
throwing
④(读后续写之感悟升华)只有当我们能容忍自己的不完美时，我们才能真正变得更加自信和美丽。
Only when we ___________________________ can we really become more confident and beautiful．
are tolerant of our imperfections
7．account for sth．
①(外研版必修第三册Unit 5)This dazzling carpet，really a reflector，drove away the rays of the sun with wonderful intensity，which accounted ___ the vibration which passed through every atom of liquid．
②Thank you for taking my suggestions ____ account and I'm looking forward to your reply．
for
into
③The bad news was that all the flights had been cancelled __ account of the snowstorm until further notice．
④(读后续写之感悟升华)妈妈绝对没有想到会有这样一个难忘的母亲节。
_____________________________ such an unforgettable Mother's Day．
on
On no account had Mother expected
Ⅱ．高频词汇精准练
1．The two sides have been ___________ for two weeks，and it is reported that their ___________ has made great progress．(negotiate)
2．Many people expressed a strong __________ for the original plan while a few _________ to make some changes to it．(prefer)
negotiating
negotiation
preference
preferred
3．I feel ___________ at being the center of attention．You never know how ____________ it is to be watched over at any time．(embarrass)
4．I spoke English so ________ that my colleague felt surprised by my ______ English，saying that he envied my _______ in English very much．(fluent)
5．(读后续写之动作描写)Their hands moved in tandem，silently cooperating ____ each other to mend the torn sail．
embarrassed
embarrassing
fluently
fluent
fluency
with
Ⅲ．多义词汇语段练(依次写出语段中黑体单词的词性及含义)
1．She chose a black suit that suits her figure and style，ensuring it suits the job interview's formal requirements．
①_______　②________　③________
n．套装
vt．相配
vt．满足
2．By joining the study group，Lisa hoped to gain new perspectives on the subject．Through weekly discussions，she noticed her confidence gaining steadily．What's more，she gained from her peers' experiences，and these interactions brought her many gains，like improved grades and lasting friendships．
①_______　②_____________　③_________________
④_______
v．获得
v．增进，增长
v．(从……中)受益
n．好处
3．She began to slip on the icy path but grabbed a railing，then watched as a scarf slipped from her shoulder．Later，she slipped into the library quietly and slipped into a daydream while reading．
①________　②________　③______　④________
vi．滑倒
vi．滑落
vi．溜
vi．陷入
Ⅳ．阅读词汇语境练(写出句中黑体词的词性及含义)
1．We appreciate your honest feedback and will take it into consideration． _____________
2．Political friction between the nations has affected trade relations． _______
3．The knowledgeable professor could answer any question we asked．
___________
n．反馈的意见
n．摩擦
adj．博学的
4．The company aims to integrate different departments to improve efficiency． ________
5．He became pessimistic about the future after facing repeated failures． ___________
6．Early intervention in children's education can significantly improve their learning outcomes． _______
vt．合并
adj．悲观的
n．干预
Ⅴ．写作句式迁移练
1．我刚进屋，吉普赛就跑了过来。 (no sooner...than...)
________________________________ Gypsy came running．
2．你对自己建立的信心越多，你成功的机会就越大。(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...)
___________________________________________________________ of success are．
No sooner had I got into the house than
The more confidence you build up in yourself，the greater your chances
3．只有当你能找到内心的平静，你才能与他人保持良好的关系。(“only＋状语”放于句首)
Only when you can find peace in your heart _________________________________________________．
4．你建议我们什么时候举行会议谈论这个问题？ (疑问词＋插入语＋陈述句)
___________________________ a meeting to talk about the problem
can you keep good
relationships with others
When do you suggest we hold
5．随着你的视野扩展，这些新想法可以给生活带来全新的意义。(with复合结构)
____________________________，these new ideas can give a whole new meaning to life．
With your horizons broadened
练表达——主题引领写作
假设你是李华，你的法国笔友Diana今年暑假将开启她的首次中国之旅。她担心中国和法国的肢体语言有所不同，容易产生误会从而带来沟通障碍，故写信向你咨询相关建议。请你给Diana回一封邮件。内容包括：
1．欢迎她来中国；
2．提出肢体语言的相关建议；
3．预祝她旅途愉快。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear Diana，
I'm thrilled to learn you're visiting China this summer！________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
完成句子
①关于肢体语言，记住一个简单的点头在这里通常意味着认可，微笑可以澄清误解，这有助于避免沟通中的潜在摩擦。(friction，非限制性定语从句)
Regarding body language，remember that a simple nod usually means approval here，and smiling can clarify misunderstandings，_____________________________________________________．
which helps avoid potential friction in communication
②在协商时，保持眼神交流表示尊重，但不要盯着别人看，否则你可能会让别人感到尴尬。(negotiate，embarrassed，状语从句的省略)
________________，maintaining eye contact shows respect，but avoid staring at others，or you might _______________________．
③记住这些建议，你一定会举止得体。(behave，with复合结构)
_______________________，you'll surely ____________________．
When negotiating
make others embarrassed
With these tips in mind
behave appropriately
④你流利的中文也会帮助你更好地了解当地文化。(fluent，obtain)
___________________ will also help you ______________________________________________．
Your fluent Chinese
obtain a better understanding
of local culture
组句成篇 把以上句子用适当的过渡词或过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
Dear Diana，
I'm thrilled to learn you're visiting China this summer！
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Diana，
I'm thrilled to learn you're visiting China this summer! Regarding body language，remember that a simple nod usually means approval here，and smiling can clarify misunderstandings，which helps avoid potential friction in communication．When negotiating，maintaining eye contact shows respect，but avoid staring at others，or you might make others embarrassed．
With these tips in mind，you'll surely behave appropriately．I'm confident your fluent Chinese will also help you obtain a better understanding of local culture．Have a fantastic trip!
Best wishes，
Yours，
Li Hua
语料积累
匆匆一瞥 look，glance，glimpse at，peek/peep at 凝神注视 gaze，gaze at，stare，stare at，stare into one's eyes
眨眼示意 wink，blink 怒目而视 glare，glare at，narrow one's eyes
瞪大双眼 gape at，watch 侧目而视 cast a side glance，peer
语料运用
微情景1　“陌生相遇”—— 邂逅中的“眼”动
He glanced at me and ①_______________________________(简单地问候了声“嗨”)．I ②_________________________ (上下打量着他)，and sat beside him，saying，“Nice to meet you．” ③______________________________________ (他羞涩地扑闪着一双乌溜溜的大眼睛)，and he turned his head to gaze out of the window for the rest of the journey．④_____________________________ (没有什么东西可以消磨时间)，I narrowed my eyes and began to have a nap．
greeted me with a simple “Hi”
stared at him up and down
His wide，dark eyes blinked in shyness
With nothing to kill the time
微情景 2　“人际关系”——方寸之间的“眼”动
In the group discussion，Tom stared at the new member，①________________________ (使她很不舒服)．She nervously blinked and peeked at her notes．When Lily shared an idea，②_____________
_______________ (其他人互相看了一眼)，then nodded．The team leader gazed at everyone，③__________________________ (鼓励参与)．But Mark glared at Lily's suggestion and narrowed his eyes．
making her uncomfortable
others glanced
at each other
encouraging participation
④________________________________ (只有Jake对新来的人眨了眨眼睛)，casting a warm side glance to ease her tension．Small eye movements revealed their varied attitudes．
Only Jake winked at the newcomer
题型组合练(三十八)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：50分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·山东省实验中学一模)
Listen carefully to a spoken conversation and you'll notice that the speakers use a lot of little quasi-words—mm-hmm，um，huh and the like—that don't convey any information about the topic of the
conversation itself．For many decades，linguists regarded such utterances as largely irrelevant noise．But these little words may be much more important than that．A few linguists now think that they may be crucial traffic signals to control the progression of conversation as well as tools to negotiate mutual understanding．
For most of the history of linguistics，scholars have tended to focus on written language，in large part because that's what they had records of．But once recordings of conversation became available，they could begin to analyze spoken language the same way as writing．When they did，they observed that interjections—that is，short utterances of just a word or two that are not part of a larger sentence—were ubiquitous in everyday speech．
Many of these interjections serve to regulate the flow of conversation．An um or uh from the speaker，for example，signals that they're about to pause，but aren't finished speaking．A quick “huh？” or “what？” from the listener，on the other hand，can signal a failure of communication that the speaker needs to repair．In a survey of 31 languages around the world，researchers found that all of them used a short，neutral syllable similar to “huh？” as a repair signal，probably because it's quick to produce．
Different interjections can send slightly different signals．Consider，for example，one person describing to another how to build a piece of IKEA furniture，says Allison Nguyen，a psycholinguist at Illinois State University．In such a conversation，mm-hmm might indicate that the speaker should continue explaining the current step，while yeah or OK would imply that the listener is done with that step and it's time to move on to the next．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了口语中的感叹词在对话中的重要作用，这些感叹词不仅不是无关紧要的噪音，反而可能是控制对话进程和协商相互理解的关键信号。
1．The phrase “traffic signals” in paragraph 1 emphasizes interjections'________．
A．decorative role in conversation
B．rank-related function in grammar
C．regulatory power in dialogue flow
D．evolutionary origin in pronunciation
√
C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A few linguists now think that they may be crucial traffic signals to control the progression of conversation as well as tools to negotiate mutual understanding．”可推断，第一段中的“traffic signals”一词强调了感叹词在对话流程中的调控作用。故选C。]
2．What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Universal．　　　 B．Complex．
C．Limited． D．Formal．
√
A　[词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“When they did，they observed that interjections—that is，short utterances of just a word or two that are not part of a larger sentence”可知，当他们这样做时，他们观察到感叹词——即只是一两个词组成的简短话语，不属于更大的句子的一部分。由此可推断，感叹词在日常口语中是普遍存在的。故选A。]
3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The functions of interjections．
B．The signals' cultural differences．
C．Regulations in a conversation．
D．The global incidence of interjections．
√
A　[段落大意题。根据第三段可知，这些感叹词中的许多都是用来调节谈话的流畅性的。例如，说话人说“嗯”或“嗯”，表示他们要暂停，但还没有说完。另一方面，听者若迅速发出“嗯？”或“什么？”的疑问，则可能表明沟通出现障碍，说话者需要及时修复。在一项对全球31种语言的调查中，研究人员发现，所有语言都使用类似“啊？”作为补救信号，可能是因为它产生得很快。因此，第三段主要讲述的是感叹词的功能。故选A。]
4．What does the IKEA furniture example illustrate
A．Listeners use interjections to demonstrate authority．
B．Context decides interjections' interpretation difference．
C．Task-directed conversations require more interjections．
D．Speakers adapt interjections based on listeners' feedback．
√
B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Consider，for example，one person describing to another how to build a piece of IKEA furniture，says Allison Nguyen，a psycholinguist at Illinois State University．In such a conversation，mm-hmm might indicate that the speaker should continue explaining the current step，while yeah or OK would imply that the listener is done with that step and it's time to move on to the next．”可推知，宜家家具的例子说明了在不同的语境下，听众对感叹词的理解会有所不同。故选B。]
B
(2026·贵州贵阳模拟)
I initially became a Spanish teacher not out of passion but necessity—like many in their twenties，stuck in a quarter-life crisis，trying to find a way to make some extra money．
That's how one morning I found myself downloading a language app，creating a profile，and recording an introduction video hoping to convince potential students to book a trial lesson with me．Despite watching tutorials (教程) online for only seven hours，I pretended to be a qualified teacher．
But on the other side，my first student，Robert—an American living in Medellin，Colombia—changed everything．He wasn't trying to master grammar or speak perfect textbook Spanish．He wanted to improve his fluency and learn the local paisa slang，so he could understand the people in the street stands，the bakery guy，and the lady selling coffee．
I remember our first class vividly．I explained the difference between a rolo，a caleno，and a samario，which led to discussions about regional accents，word meanings，and how everything changes depending on who says it and how．Robert also shared his life in Ohio，experiences in Latin America，and his relationship with food and people．
Our Spanish classes turned into a sort of cultural lab．In that back-and-forth of ideas，we unknowingly started building bridges．It hit me that teaching a language goes far beyond teaching grammar．It's about opening the door to a new world and inviting someone else to walk through it．
I now believe language teaching is a powerful tool for building bridges across cultures and for revealing stereotypes that divide us．In a globalized world，language teachers are perhaps agents of change and social transformation，sharing culture through lived experiences．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者最初为谋生成为西班牙语老师，在与学生罗伯特的互动中，领悟到语言教学对跨文化交流和打破刻板印象的重要意义。
5．Why did the author download a language app
A．To book a trial lesson．
B．To watch tutorials online．
C．To learn a new language．
D．To
√
D　[细节理解题。根据第一段“I initially became a Spanish teacher not out of passion but necessity—like many in their twenties，stuck in a quarter-life crisis，trying to find a way to make some extra money．”以及第二段中的“That's how one morning I found myself downloading a language app，creating a profile，and recording an introduction video hoping to convince potential students to book a trial lesson with me．”可知，作者下载语言应用程序是为了吸引学生、赚取额外收入。故选D项。]
6．What is Robert's goal in taking the author's lesson
A．To speak perfect textbook Spanish．
B．To make friends living in Medellin．
C．To understand the locals accurately．
D．To acquire Spanish grammar rules．
√
C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He wasn't trying to master grammar or speak perfect textbook Spanish．He wanted to improve his fluency and learn the local paisa slang，so he could understand the people in the street stands，the bakery guy，and the lady selling coffee．”可知，罗伯特上课的目的是准确理解当地人的话语。故选C项。]
7．Which of the following best describes the author's first class with Robert
A．Organized and vivid．
B．Interactive and practical．
C．Serious and formal．
D．Academic and inspiring．
√
B　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I explained the difference between a rolo，a caleno，and a samario，which led to discussions about regional accents，word meanings，and how everything changes depending on who says it and how．Robert also shared his life in Ohio，experiences in Latin America，and his relationship with food and people．”可知，作者在课堂上讲解语言知识，学生分享生活，有问有答、互动频繁，且内容围绕实用的俚语和日常交流展开，因此“互动性强且实用”最能描述这堂课。故选B项。]
8．What is a language teacher supposed to do at present
A．Strengthen stereotypes．
B．Evaluate unknown ideas．
C．Foster cultural exchanges．
D．Learn from experiences．
√
C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“I now believe language teaching is a powerful tool for building bridges across cultures and for revealing stereotypes that divide us．In a globalized world，language teachers are perhaps agents of change and social transformation，sharing culture through lived experiences．”可知，如今语言教师应该促进文化交流。故选C项。]
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2026·湖北武汉模拟)
I once thought I would become fluent in French within three months．Yet after moving to Paris，I kept coasting，making minimal effort to 1 ．I essentially spoke English with my partner at home and 2 largely with other English-speaking migrants (移民)．
Then，one night，I 3 a volunteer-run bar by accident which aimed to bring the community from all walks of life together．Inspired，I volunteered to work some shifts there．
The first nights were 4 ．There were so many 5 I hadn't yet encountered：mouchoir (tissue)，torchon (tea towel)...When such items were 6 ，I'd run into the kitchen to “ 7 ” if we had them，putting the strange words into online dictionaries before rushing back out with my 8 ．One night，a customer asked for a paille (straw)．When I looked back 9 ，he began to signal what he was after，a(n) 10 making both of us laugh out loud．
Slowly，my 11 skills improved，and eventually I stopped 12 customers in the kitchen．I even organized a live show in the bar on a Wednesday night，walking home nursing a warm sense of 13 ．
It's been a long time since I've put in a 14 at the bar．Now I'm navigating (应对) French workplaces and community gardens．Neither of them would have been 15 without those nights spent behind the bar．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者搬到巴黎后本想三个月内流利掌握法语，但实际却没怎么努力就融入了当地语言环境。偶然遇到一个志愿者经营的酒吧并在那做志愿者后，通过与顾客交流，作者的法语水平逐步提高，这段经历也为其应对后续的法语工作场所和社区花园等场景奠定了基础。
1．A．organize　　　　　　　 B．explain
C．integrate D．experience
C　[根据本句中的“I kept coasting”以及下文中的“I essentially spoke English with my partner at home”可知，作者本想学好法语，但实际交流多用英语，说明没努力融入法语环境。故选C。]
√
2．A．socialized B．argued
C．competed D．experiment
A　[根据本句中的“with other English-speaking migrants”可知，作者和其他说英语的移民进行社交。故选A。]
√
3．A．set up B．searched for
C．came across D．cleaned up
C　[根据本句中的“by accident” 可知，我偶然遇到了一个由志愿者经营的酒吧，其目的是将各行各业的社区居民聚集在一起。故选C。]
√
4．A．comfortable B．horrible
C．boring D．fulfilling
B　[根据下文“I hadn't yet encountered：mouchoir (tissue)，torchon (tea towel)...”可知，作者遇到很多不懂的词汇，说明最初情况很糟糕。故选B。]
√
5．A．opinions B．opportunities
C．idioms D．expressions
D　[根据常识可知，mouchoir 和 torchon 是一些词汇表达，故选D。]
√
6．A．prepared B．purchased
C．requested D．presented
C　[根据常识可知，顾客在酒吧提出要这些物品，故选C。]
√
7．A．wonder B．check
C．decide D．recognize
B　[根据本句中的“I'd run into the kitchen”可知，去厨房是查看有没有顾客要的东西。故选B。]
√
8．A．response B．anticipation
C．pressure D．vision
A　[根据本句中的“if we had them，putting the strange words into online dictionaries before rushing back out”可知，作者查完词典后回去回应顾客。故选A。]
√
9．A．frequently B．blankly
C．angrily D．carelessly
B　[根据上文中的“for a paille (straw)”可知，作者不懂这个词，所以茫然回头。故选B。]
√
10．A．interruption B．interaction
C．mission D．comment
B　[根据上文中的“When I looked back ______，he began to signal what he was after”可知，当我茫然地回头时，他开始比划他要的东西，这种互动让我们俩都大声笑了出来。故选B。]
√
11．A．management B．service
C．leadership D．language
D　[前文提到作者因为不懂词汇遇到困难。由此可推断，慢慢地，我的语言技能提高了，最终我不再躲进厨房避开顾客。故选D。]
√
12．A．hiding from B．attending to
C．engaging with D．appealing to
A　[根据本句中的“Slowly，my________skills improved”可知，之前因为语言问题会躲进厨房，现在语言能力提高就不用躲了。故选A。]
√
13．A．discipline B．satisfaction
C．freedom D．justice
B　[根据语境可知，我甚至在周三晚上在酒吧组织了一场现场表演，带着一种温暖的满足感走回家。故选B。]
√
14．A．shift B．suggestion
C．complaint D．order
A　[根据上文“I volunteered to work some shifts there”可知，作者在酒吧做志愿者值班，而现在已经很久没有在酒吧值班了。故选A。]
√
15．A．normal B．significant
C．necessary D．possible
D　[如果没有在酒吧度过的那些夜晚，这两件事(应对法语工作场所和社区花园)都不可能实现。根据本句中的“without those nights spent behind the bar”可知，如果没有在酒吧度过的那些夜晚，这两件事(应对法语工作场所和社区花园)都不可能实现，故选D。]
√
Ⅲ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2026·湖南部分学校联考)
A thousand miles can be used to describe something very long or very distant，either a dam or a journey．There are more than a dozen Chinese idioms 1．____________ (use) the phrase “a thousand miles” in a figurative way．Here are two common ones that seem 2．____________(express) a similar idea．
using
to express
The first one is “An ant's hole may cause the collapse of a thousand-mile-long dam．” This saying comes from Han Feizi，one of the most important philosophical 3．____________ (classic) in ancient China．It sounds quite similar to a 4．____________ (know) quotation by American statesman and inventor Benjamin Franklin，5．____________ warned about frittering money away by saying，“Beware of little expenses—a small leak will sink a great ship．”
classics
known
who
The other Chinese idiom involving “a thousand miles” is a famous quotation from Lao Tzu，a top ancient Chinese philosopher，author of Daodejing，or the Tao Te Ching，and 6．__________(found) of Taoism，who lived during the later years of the Spring and Autumn Period (770－476 BCE)．The philosopher once said，“A journey of a thousand miles begins 7．____________ a single step．” It's true that if one doesn't take the first step，a journey 8．____________ (remain) a dream forever．This may also apply to the journey of life，an ambition or an understanding．
founder
with
will remain
Both Chinese idioms indicate that something may seem like a small amount，9．____________ it adds up over time．In English，there are several expressions that echo this same point：“Take care of the pennies and the pounds will take care of 10．____________ (they)．” and “Little and often fills the purse．”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了两个与“千里”有关的成语。
but
themselves
1．using　[考查非谓语动词。被修饰词idioms与动词use之间构成了逻辑上的主动关系，所以用动词-ing形式作后置定语。故填using。]
2．to express　[考查非谓语动词。固定搭配seem to do sth．表示“似乎做某事”。故填to express。]
3．classics　[考查名词的数。固定结构为：one of the ＋形容词最高级＋复数名词。故填classics。]
4．known　[考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，此处known是形容词，意为“知名的”，修饰名词quotation。 故填known。]
5．who　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词Benjamin Franklin在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，且指人，所以用关系代词who 引导。故填who。]
6．founder　[考查名词。句意：另一个与“千里”有关的成语是老子的名言。老子是中国古代著名哲学家，著有《道德经》，是道教的创始人，他生活在春秋末期(公元前770－476年)。根据句意可知，此处应该用found的名词形式 founder，意为“创办者”。 故填founder。]
7．with　[考查介词。固定短语begin with/at...表示“以……开始”。begin with后接起始的动作、项目或元素。begin at后接具体的地点或精准的时间。故填with。]
8．will remain　[考查动词时态。在if引导的条件状语从句中，当从句部分的时态是一般现在时时，主句部分常用一般将来时。故填will remain。]
9．but　[考查连词。句意：这两个中文成语都表明，有些东西可能看起来数量很少，但随着时间的推移会积累起来。前后句构成转折关系，所以用转折连词but连接并列句。故填but。]
10．themselves　[考查代词。句意：在英语中，有几个表达附和了同样的观点：“金钱积少自然成多”和“小钱积成万”。代指复数名词pounds，且表示“照顾好自己”，所以用反身代词。故填themselves。]
谢 谢 ！题型组合练(三十八)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：50分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·山东省实验中学一模)
Listen carefully to a spoken conversation and you'll notice that the speakers use a lot of little quasi-words—mm-hmm，um，huh and the like—that don't convey any information about the topic of the conversation itself．For many decades，linguists regarded such utterances as largely irrelevant noise．But these little words may be much more important than that．A few linguists now think that they may be crucial traffic signals to control the progression of conversation as well as tools to negotiate mutual understanding．
For most of the history of linguistics，scholars have tended to focus on written language，in large part because that's what they had records of．But once recordings of conversation became available，they could begin to analyze spoken language the same way as writing．When they did，they observed that interjections—that is，short utterances of just a word or two that are not part of a larger sentence—were ubiquitous in everyday speech．
Many of these interjections serve to regulate the flow of conversation．An um or uh from the speaker，for example，signals that they're about to pause，but aren't finished speaking．A quick “huh？” or “what？” from the listener，on the other hand，can signal a failure of communication that the speaker needs to repair．In a survey of 31 languages around the world，researchers found that all of them used a short，neutral syllable similar to “huh？” as a repair signal，probably because it's quick to produce．
Different interjections can send slightly different signals．Consider，for example，one person describing to another how to build a piece of IKEA furniture，says Allison Nguyen，a psycholinguist at Illinois State University．In such a conversation，mm-hmm might indicate that the speaker should continue explaining the current step，while yeah or OK would imply that the listener is done with that step and it's time to move on to the next．
1．The phrase “traffic signals” in paragraph 1 emphasizes interjections'________．
A．decorative role in conversation
B．rank-related function in grammar
C．regulatory power in dialogue flow
D．evolutionary origin in pronunciation
2．What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Universal．　　　 B．Complex．
C．Limited． D．Formal．
3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The functions of interjections．
B．The signals' cultural differences．
C．Regulations in a conversation．
D．The global incidence of interjections．
4．What does the IKEA furniture example illustrate
A．Listeners use interjections to demonstrate authority．
B．Context decides interjections' interpretation difference．
C．Task-directed conversations require more interjections．
D．Speakers adapt interjections based on listeners' feedback．
B
(2026·贵州贵阳模拟)
I initially became a Spanish teacher not out of passion but necessity—like many in their twenties，stuck in a quarter-life crisis，trying to find a way to make some extra money．
That's how one morning I found myself downloading a language app，creating a profile，and recording an introduction video hoping to convince potential students to book a trial lesson with me．Despite watching tutorials (教程) online for only seven hours，I pretended to be a qualified teacher．
But on the other side，my first student，Robert—an American living in Medellin，Colombia—changed everything．He wasn't trying to master grammar or speak perfect textbook Spanish．He wanted to improve his fluency and learn the local paisa slang，so he could understand the people in the street stands，the bakery guy，and the lady selling coffee．
I remember our first class vividly．I explained the difference between a rolo，a caleno，and a samario，which led to discussions about regional accents，word meanings，and how everything changes depending on who says it and how．Robert also shared his life in Ohio，experiences in Latin America，and his relationship with food and people．
Our Spanish classes turned into a sort of cultural lab．In that back-and-forth of ideas，we unknowingly started building bridges．It hit me that teaching a language goes far beyond teaching grammar．It's about opening the door to a new world and inviting someone else to walk through it．
I now believe language teaching is a powerful tool for building bridges across cultures and for revealing stereotypes that divide us．In a globalized world，language teachers are perhaps agents of change and social transformation，sharing culture through lived experiences．
5．Why did the author download a language app
A．To book a trial lesson．
B．To watch tutorials online．
C．To learn a new language．
D．To earn additional income．
6．What is Robert's goal in taking the author's lesson
A．To speak perfect textbook Spanish．
B．To make friends living in Medellin．
C．To understand the locals accurately．
D．To acquire Spanish grammar rules．
7．Which of the following best describes the author's first class with Robert
A．Organized and vivid．
B．Interactive and practical．
C．Serious and formal．
D．Academic and inspiring．
8．What is a language teacher supposed to do at present
A．Strengthen stereotypes．
B．Evaluate unknown ideas．
C．Foster cultural exchanges．
D．Learn from experiences．
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2026·湖北武汉模拟)
I once thought I would become fluent in French within three months．Yet after moving to Paris，I kept coasting，making minimal effort to 1 ．I essentially spoke English with my partner at home and 2 largely with other English-speaking migrants (移民)．
Then，one night，I 3 a volunteer-run bar by accident which aimed to bring the community from all walks of life together．Inspired，I volunteered to work some shifts there．
The first nights were 4 ．There were so many 5 I hadn't yet encountered：mouchoir (tissue)，torchon (tea towel)...When such items were 6 ，I'd run into the kitchen to “ 7 ” if we had them，putting the strange words into online dictionaries before rushing back out with my 8 ．One night，a customer asked for a paille (straw)．When I looked back 9 ，he began to signal what he was after，a(n) 10 making both of us laugh out loud．
Slowly，my 11 skills improved，and eventually I stopped 12 customers in the kitchen．I even organized a live show in the bar on a Wednesday night，walking home nursing a warm sense of 13 ．
It's been a long time since I've put in a 14 at the bar．Now I'm navigating (应对) French workplaces and community gardens．Neither of them would have been 15 without those nights spent behind the bar．
1．A．organize　　　　　　　 B．explain
C．integrate D．experience
2．A．socialized B．argued
C．competed D．experiment
3．A．set up B．searched for
C．came across D．cleaned up
4．A．comfortable B．horrible
C．boring D．fulfilling
5．A．opinions B．opportunities
C．idioms D．expressions
6．A．prepared B．purchased
C．requested D．presented
7．A．wonder B．check
C．decide D．recognize
8．A．response B．anticipation
C．pressure D．vision
9．A．frequently B．blankly
C．angrily D．carelessly
10．A．interruption B．interaction
C．mission D．comment
11．A．management B．service
C．leadership D．language
12．A．hiding from B．attending to
C．engaging with D．appealing to
13．A．discipline B．satisfaction
C．freedom D．justice
14．A．shift B．suggestion
C．complaint D．order
15．A．normal B．significant
C．necessary D．possible
Ⅲ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2026·湖南部分学校联考)
A thousand miles can be used to describe something very long or very distant，either a dam or a journey．There are more than a dozen Chinese idioms 1．____________ (use) the phrase “a thousand miles” in a figurative way．Here are two common ones that seem 2．____________(express) a similar idea．
The first one is “An ant's hole may cause the collapse of a thousand-mile-long dam．” This saying comes from Han Feizi，one of the most important philosophical 3．____________ (classic) in ancient China．It sounds quite similar to a 4．____________ (know) quotation by American statesman and inventor Benjamin Franklin，5．____________ warned about frittering money away by saying，“Beware of little expenses—a small leak will sink a great ship．”
The other Chinese idiom involving “a thousand miles” is a famous quotation from Lao Tzu，a top ancient Chinese philosopher，author of Daodejing，or the Tao Te Ching，and 6．____________(found) of Taoism，who lived during the later years of the Spring and Autumn Period (770－476 BCE)．The philosopher once said，“A journey of a thousand miles begins 7．____________ a single step．” It's true that if one doesn't take the first step，a journey 8．____________ (remain) a dream forever．This may also apply to the journey of life，an ambition or an understanding．
Both Chinese idioms indicate that something may seem like a small amount，9．____________ it adds up over time．In English，there are several expressions that echo this same point：“Take care of the pennies and the pounds will take care of 10．____________ (they)．” and “Little and often fills the purse．”
题型组合练(三十八)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了口语中的感叹词在对话中的重要作用，这些感叹词不仅不是无关紧要的噪音，反而可能是控制对话进程和协商相互理解的关键信号。
1．C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A few linguists now think that they may be crucial traffic signals to control the progression of conversation as well as tools to negotiate mutual understanding．”可推断，第一段中的“traffic signals”一词强调了感叹词在对话流程中的调控作用。故选C。]
2．A　[词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“When they did，they observed that interjections—that is，short utterances of just a word or two that are not part of a larger sentence”可知，当他们这样做时，他们观察到感叹词——即只是一两个词组成的简短话语，不属于更大的句子的一部分。由此可推断，感叹词在日常口语中是普遍存在的。故选A。]
3．A　[段落大意题。根据第三段可知，这些感叹词中的许多都是用来调节谈话的流畅性的。例如，说话人说“嗯”或“嗯”，表示他们要暂停，但还没有说完。另一方面，听者若迅速发出“嗯？”或“什么？”的疑问，则可能表明沟通出现障碍，说话者需要及时修复。在一项对全球31种语言的调查中，研究人员发现，所有语言都使用类似“啊？”作为补救信号，可能是因为它产生得很快。因此，第三段主要讲述的是感叹词的功能。故选A。]
4．B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Consider，for example，one person describing to another how to build a piece of IKEA furniture，says Allison Nguyen，a psycholinguist at Illinois State University．In such a conversation，mmhmm might indicate that the speaker should continue explaining the current step，while yeah or OK would imply that the listener is done with that step and it's time to move on to the next．”可推知，宜家家具的例子说明了在不同的语境下，听众对感叹词的理解会有所不同。故选B。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者最初为谋生成为西班牙语老师，在与学生罗伯特的互动中，领悟到语言教学对跨文化交流和打破刻板印象的重要意义。
5．D　[细节理解题。根据第一段“I initially became a Spanish teacher not out of passion but necessity—like many in their twenties，stuck in a quarterlife crisis，trying to find a way to make some extra money．”以及第二段中的“That's how one morning I found myself downloading a language app，creating a profile，and recording an introduction video hoping to convince potential students to book a trial lesson with me．”可知，作者下载语言应用程序是为了吸引学生、赚取额外收入。故选D项。]
6．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He wasn't trying to master grammar or speak perfect textbook Spanish．He wanted to improve his fluency and learn the local paisa slang，so he could understand the people in the street stands，the bakery guy，and the lady selling coffee．”可知，罗伯特上课的目的是准确理解当地人的话语。故选C项。]
7．B　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I explained the difference between a rolo，a caleno，and a samario，which led to discussions about regional accents，word meanings，and how everything changes depending on who says it and how．Robert also shared his life in Ohio，experiences in Latin America，and his relationship with food and people．”可知，作者在课堂上讲解语言知识，学生分享生活，有问有答、互动频繁，且内容围绕实用的俚语和日常交流展开，因此“互动性强且实用”最能描述这堂课。故选B项。]
8．C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“I now believe language teaching is a powerful tool for building bridges across cultures and for revealing stereotypes that divide us．In a globalized world，language teachers are perhaps agents of change and social transformation，sharing culture through lived experiences．”可知，如今语言教师应该促进文化交流。故选C项。]
Ⅱ．1－5　CACBD　6－10　CBABB　11－15　DABAD
Ⅲ．1．using　2．to express　3．classics　4．known　5．who
6．founder　7．with　8．will remain　9．but　10．themselves

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