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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 8 Section A Grammar Focus(4a-4d)语言点精讲精练
I．语言点精讲
1.... I have helped out at over ten different sports events.
help out sb (with sth) 帮助某人摆脱困境
◆ There are plenty of robots helping out in the factory.
工厂里有大量机器人在帮忙。
◆ Could you help me out with this heavy box
你能帮我搬一下这个重箱子吗？
2.... so big that they got lost.
so... that 如此……以至于
◆ It’s raining so heavily that I can’t see clearly on the roads.
雨太大了，我看不清路况。
so that 以便；为了 引导目的状语从句。
◆ He has to shout so that we could hear him.
为了让我们听清楚，他必须大声喊。
II．语言点精练
一、单词默写。
1. _______ / ɑ mi/ n. 军队 2. ________ / s ld (r)/ n. 军人；士兵
3. __________ / pra m ri/ adj. 小学教育的；首要的 4. ________ / t r ti/ n. 慈善机构（或组织）
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. My little brother ________ (fall) over many times since he started learning to ride a bike.
2. We have not ________ (see) each other for a long time.
3. She spends her free time ________ (volunteer) for public activities.
4. When you are kind to others, they will also treat you ________ (warm) in return.
5. The organization ________ (train) over 6,000 volunteers since it began to offer classes three years ago.
三、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1. 他捐了尽可能多的钱给慈善机构。
He has ________ as much money as possible ________ ________.
2. 每年都有成千上万的年轻人自愿参军。
Thousands of young people ________ ________ ________ _________ ________ ________ every year.
3. 如果你下午没事，可以跟我们一起去参观市博物馆。
If you have nothing to do this afternoon, you can ________ ________ with us to visit the city museum.
4. 吴先生作为志愿者已经在这个小学教学两年了。
Mr Wu ________ ________ in this primary school ________ a volunteer for two years.
5. 如果你有空闲时间，应该考虑做志愿者工作。
You should consider ________ ________ ________ if you have free time.
四、请根据所给的首字母写出单词，使句子意思完整正确。
1. Rose has been a v____________ at an animal shelter for two years.
2. At the shelter, Rose cleans the c____________ and feeds the animals.
3. She also looks after the new dogs and collects d____________ for the shelter.
4. Robert wants to volunteer because the TV show about volunteering i____________ him.
5. Robert used to have a dog. He walked her and f____________ her food and water bowls.
6. Because of his pet, Robert learned that every animal is s____________ and needs love.
7. Robert offers to volunteer about o____________ a week.
8. Teng Fei volunteers at a n____________ home with his youth group.
五、完形填空
There are a number of poor children in the countryside, and they are in great need of help. But we don’t know 1 to help them.
Last week, our class decided to 2 a charity (慈善) event to help children in need. Our teacher explained different ways to collect money. Some students suggested a 3 sale, while others would like a toy sale or a book sale. After a discussion, we chose to sell cookies and cakes, and we agreed that it would be the best 4 . We worked 5 to prepare cookies and cakes. Some students got the ingredients (原料) ready, while others made posters. On the event day, we 6 a booth (售货棚) in the school yard. Many teachers and parents came to 7 our homemade treats.
Surprisingly, the weather was heavily rainy, 8 people still waited to support us. One lady even paid $50 and said, “I like this bake sale! Keep up the 9 work!” By the end of the day, we had raised $800.
This experience taught us that teamwork and kindness can really change the world. Our teacher smiled and said, “You’ve truly made a difference 10 your hard work!”
1．A．when B．where C．how D．what
2．A．organize B．forget C．break D．imagine
3．A．book B．bake C．toy D．clothes
4．A．movie B．problem C．game D．choice
5．A．lazily B．angrily C．busily D．slowly
6．A．took down B．set up C．gave away D．looked for
7．A．sell B．make C．buy D．hide
8．A．if B．but C．because D．so
9．A．expensive B．cheap C．secret D．good
10．A．through B．about C．under D．without
六、五选四。阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
Everyone can do something to make our society better. Being a volunteer is a good choice. Here are some volunteer activities for you.
● Volunteer for the old
You can go to nursing homes to bring warmth to them. 1 You may also learn a lot from their life experience.
● Volunteer in a children’s hospital
2 You can read stories for sick kids and play games with them. It can help them feel better.
● Volunteer to teach Chinese
Chinese is popular around the world. If you are good at Chinese, you can teach people who want to learn it. 3 You can teach in a Chinese club or a community center.
● 4
If you love animals, you can help at an animal shelter. You can feed small animals or clean their houses.
Helping others is helping ourselves. Let’s take action!
A．Volunteer for animals
B．It’s a great way to help the sick kids
C．They need people to talk with them
D．The place can be anywhere you like
E．You can help clean the old people’s houses
七、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确的形式填空（有两个多余）。
luck surprise she lie as rest temperature danger swim spirit
Wu Qian was taking a walk with her friend along the river at about 8 p.m. on Friday. Suddenly, she found a man in white 1 in the water with his face down. “The man is in 2 ,” Wu Qian thought. And without thinking twice, she took off her coat and jumped into the river.
The 3 was 9℃. The water was cold and Wu Qian was 65 years old then. Soon, she was tired out. She had to take a break. So she 4 for a few minutes. Later, she pulled the man out of the water with others’ help. 5 , the man was saved.
Wu said she was a member of a 6 team before. She kept this habit on warm days. “I just did what I should do,” Wu said.
Everyone was happy when they heard the news, but her family were not. They were so 7 at what she did. They thought she was not young anymore and she might put 8 in a dangerous situation. “I have to say that I’m not so strong 9 I used to be, but my parents always encourage me to help other people. And that is our family 10 .”
八、阅读理解
Starting a volunteer club at your school isn’t easy. But with good ideas and the right knowledge, you can do it. Read on to learn how.
①________
Decide what you want to do. For example, you can start a club to volunteer once a week at a soup kitchen in your neighborhood (街区). Ask around and see what your friends think of your idea, and if they would like to join your club. When you have enough support (支持), you’re ready to start.
Ask a teacher for help.
Because your volunteer club is at the school, it’s better to get a teacher’s support. He or she can help you organize events and be a liaison (联系人) with the school.
Find a place.
After the school lets you start the club, you need a place to have meetings. Most clubs meet in classrooms after school. You can also think about meeting at someone’s house or at a park or restaurant.
②________
Talk with other members and then choose an appropriate (适当的) day when most members will be free.
③________
Once you have enough members in your club, start volunteering! You can decide on events yourself, or have a meeting to get other members’ ideas.
It’s common to have some trouble when you start a volunteer club. But don’t give it up easily. You will have much fun in the end.
1．What’s the theme (主题) of the passage
A．Volunteering. B．Family. C．Health. D．Sports.
2．If you want to start a volunteer club, whose support is important to you
A．Your parents’. B．Your classmates’. C．A teacher’s. D．Your grandparents’.
3．Match the title with each part.
a. Plan volunteer events. b. Decide when to meet.
c. Decide where you want to start the club. d. Let your friends help you organize events.
e. Be sure that you really want to start a volunteer club.
A．①-a, ②-b, ③-d B．①-e, ②-b, ③-a
C．①-d, ②-c, ③-a D．①-e, ②-c, ③-d
4．Which opinion may the writer agree with
A．Decide when to have a meeting by yourself and then tell it to others.
B．It’s useless for you to ask others’ ideas when you want to start a club.
C．It’s best for you to have a meeting with other members in a classroom.
D．You can ask the members’ ideas when you want to organize an event.
5．Which of the following can be the best title
A．We Should Start a Volunteer Club B．How to Start a Volunteer Club
C．How to Enjoy Yourself in a Club D．What to Do in a Volunteer Club
九、任务型阅读。阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答问题或翻译划线的句子。
Ye Lianping is a kind teacher and a true hero in Buchen School, Anhui. At 97, he has spent most of his life helping children learn. He started the “Home for Left-Behind Children” (留守儿童之家) in his hometown in 2000 to help children whose parents have to work far away in big cities. Ye gives free English lessons to these children and has helped over 2,000 of them.
For 25 years, Ye has never asked his students to pay for their education. He uses his own money to buy books and pens for his students. However, Ye cares less about himself. He often wears patched (打补丁的) clothes, and has used the same cup for decades. His house is also simple, which was built over 30 years ago. He doesn’t mind this because he cares more about the children than about himself.
In 2012, Ye took another step. He started the “Ye Lianping Scholarship (奖学金) Fund” with the local government and Buchen School, which helps students pay for school. It has provided over 400,000 yuan for more than 400 students. Many of them graduated (毕业) and became teachers themselves. They remember Ye’s kindness and are now passing it on to their students.
His work has changed many people’s lives and helped make the world a better place. Although he stopped working in 1991, he didn’t stop teaching. He teaches us that the best things in life are not only taking but also giving. He will always be an inspiration (激励) to everyone.
1．When did Ye Lianping start the “Home for Left-Behind Children”
________________________________________________________________________
2．Why does Ye Lianping not mind his simple life
_______________________________________________________________________
3．What is the purpose of the “Ye Lianping Scholarship Fund”
_______________________________________________________________________
4．What can we learn from the story of Ye Lianping
_______________________________________________________________________
5．将画线句翻译成中文。
_______________________________________________________________________
II. 语言点精练参考答案
一、单词默写
【答案】army; soldier; primary; charity
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
【答案】1. has fallen 2. seen 3. volunteering 4. warmly 5. has trained
三、根据汉语意思完成句子
【答案】1. donated; to charity 2. volunteer to serve in the army 3. come along 4. has taught as
5. doing volunteer work
四、根据汉语提示及语境或用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
【答案】1. volunteer； 2. cages； 3. donations； 4. inspired； 5. filled； 6. special； 7. once； 8. nursing
五、完形填空
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了全班同学通过组织烘焙义卖来帮助农村贫困儿童的经历。
1．句意：但我们不知道如何帮助他们。
上文说农村贫困孩子需要帮助，但接着用But表示转折，说明我们不知道“怎样”帮助他们。how表示“方式、方法”。
2．句意：上周，我们班决定组织一场慈善活动来帮助有需要的孩子。
此处指举办或组织慈善活动要，用organize。forget忘记，break打破，imagine想象，都与活动组织无关。
3．句意：一些同学建议搞烘焙义卖，而另一些人则喜欢玩具拍卖或图书拍卖。
后文提到“我们选择卖饼干和蛋糕”，所以前面应是烘焙义卖，应用bake sale。book sale书摊，toy sale玩具义卖，clothes sale服装义卖，都不符合后文内容。
4．句意：我们一致认为那是最好的选择。
在讨论了几种方案之后，大家选定卖饼干蛋糕，这是一个“选择”，choice符合语境。movie电影，problem问题，game游戏，都不正确。
5．句意：我们忙碌地准备饼干和蛋糕。
准备原料、做海报等活动说明大家很“忙碌”，busily符合。lazily懒洋洋地，angrily生气地，slowly慢慢地，都不符合积极做事的语境。
6．句意：活动当天，我们在校园里搭起一个售货棚。
set up a booth意思是“搭建摊位”。take down拆除，give away赠送，look for寻找，都与搭棚子无关。
7．句意：许多老师和家长来购买我们自制的点心。
义卖的目的是让别人“买”东西，buy符合语境。sell卖（主语是摊主），make制作，hide躲藏，都不符合“老师和家长”的角色。
8．句意：出人意料的是，下着大雨，但是人们仍然排队支持我们。
天气不好与人们支持之间是转折关系，用but。if如果，because因为，so所以，都不符合逻辑。
9．句意：继续好好工作！
这位女士买点心还多付钱，说明她觉得这件事“好”，good符合。expensive昂贵的，cheap便宜的，secret秘密的，都不符合夸奖义卖活动的语境。
10．句意：你们通过自己的努力真的带来了改变。
through表示“通过……途径”，说明努力是带来改变的途径。about关于，under在……下面，without没有，都不符合。
六、五选四
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几种适合大家参与的志愿者活动，包括为老人服务、在儿童医院帮忙、教中文和为动物服务，鼓励大家通过志愿活动帮助他人、让社会变得更美好。
1．根据上文“You can go to nursing homes to bring warmth to them.”以及下文“You may also learn a lot from their life experience.”可知，老人需要有人陪伴聊天且可以从他们的人生经历中学到很多东西。选项C“They need people to talk with them”与上下文在逻辑上连贯。
2．根据后文“You can read stories for sick kids and play games with them. It can help them feel better.”可知，本段介绍的是在儿童医院做志愿者的活动，此处需要一句引出下文的过渡句。选项B“It’s a great way to help the sick kids”能自然引出后文帮助孩子的具体做法。
3．根据后文“You can teach in a Chinese club or a community center.”可知，此处是在说明教中文的地点。选项D“The place can be anywhere you like”与后文提到的教学地点相呼应。
4．根据后文“If you love animals, you can help at an animal shelter. You can feed small animals or clean their houses.”可知，本段的主题是和动物相关的志愿活动，此处需要一个小标题概括本段内容。选项A“Volunteer for animals”能准确概括本段主题。
七、选词填空
【答案】1．lying 2．danger 3．temperature 4．rested 5．Luckily 6．swimming 7．surprised 8．herself 9．as 10．spirit
【导语】本文讲述了65岁的吴茜不顾寒冷与自身安危，勇救落水男子的暖心事迹，赞扬了她舍己为人、见义勇为的可贵精神。
1．句意：突然，她发现一名白衣男子正脸朝下躺在水里。根据空格后“in the water with his face down”可知，此处是指男人脸朝下躺在水里，lie“躺”符合语境，find sb. doing sth.“发现某人正在做某事”，固定搭配，应使用动名词形式lying。
2．句意：这个人正处于危险之中。结合前文男子落水、脸朝下漂浮在水面的危急状况，in danger“处于危险中”为固定搭配，danger“危险”符合语境。
3．句意：气温是9摄氏度。根据空格后“9℃”可知，此处是在描述天气冷暖的温度数值，temperature“温度、气温”符合语境。
4．句意：于是她休息了几分钟。根据前文“Soon, she was tired out. She had to take a break.”可知，她体力耗尽，需要停下休整，rest“休息”符合语境；全文整体为一般过去时态，应使用过去式rested。
5．句意：幸运的是，这名男子被救了下来。男子落水遇险，最终成功获救是万幸的结果，luck“运气”符合语境；此处位于句首修饰整个句子，需要变为副词形式Luckily，首字母要大写。
6．句意：吴茜说她之前曾是游泳队的一员。结合她毫不犹豫跳入河水救人、具备水中行动能力的情节背景，swim“游泳”符合语境；此处需要动名词作定语修饰“team”，构成swimming team“游泳队”。
7．句意：他们对她的所作所为感到十分惊讶。前文提到众人开心但家人并不开心，家人对她冒险救人的举动感到震惊意外，surprise“惊讶”符合语境；固定搭配be surprised at“对……感到惊讶”，形容人的主观感受，用形容词surprised。
8．句意：他们觉得她年纪大了，可能会让自己陷入危险的境地。此处指代吴茜她本人，she“她”符合语境，表达“她自己”，需要变为反身代词herself。
9．句意：我不得不承认，我现在不如以前强壮了，但我的父母一直鼓励我去帮助别人。此处为固定比较结构not so…as…“不如……”，as符合固定搭配要求。
10．句意：而这就是我们的家风。此处指代家族助人为乐、见义勇为的信念内核，spirit“精神”符合语境。
八、阅读理解
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在学校创办志愿者俱乐部的步骤和建议。
1．全文围绕如何创办志愿者俱乐部展开，所以主题是“志愿服务”。
2．第三段提到“it’s better to get a teacher’s support”，因此老师的支持很重要。
3．第二段提到“Decide what you want to do.”，本段主旨是想清楚你想做什么，所以①对应“Be sure that you really want to start a volunteer club”；第五段提到“choose an appropriate day when most members will be free.”，本段主旨是确定开会时间，所以②对应“Decide when to meet”；第六段提到“You can decide on events yourself, or have a meeting to get other members’ ideas.”，本段主旨是策划具体的志愿活动，所以③对应“Plan volunteer events”。因此对应顺序为①-e, ②-b, ③-a。
4．最后一部分提到“You can decide on events yourself, or have a meeting to get other members’ ideas.”，因此组织活动时可以征求其他成员的想法。
5．全文介绍了创办志愿者俱乐部的步骤和方法，因此最佳标题是“如何创办志愿者俱乐部”。
九、任务型阅读
【答案】1．In 2000. 2．Because he cares more about the children than about himself. 3．To help students pay for school. 4．We can learn that the best things in life are not only taking but also giving./We should care about others and try our best to help people in need. 5．虽然他在1991年就退休了，但他从未停止教学。
【导语】本文是一篇人物记叙文，介绍了安徽布陈学校的叶连平老师，他一生致力于帮助留守儿童学习，创办了“留守儿童之家”和奖学金基金，用无私奉献的精神影响了许多人，传递了给予比索取更重要的价值观。
1．根据文章第一段中“He started the ‘Home for Left-Behind Children’ (留守儿童之家) in his hometown in 2000 to help children whose parents have to work far away in big cities.”，直接点明了创办时间。故填In 2000.
2．根据文章第二段中“He doesn’t mind this because he cares more about the children than about himself.”，说明了他不介意简朴生活的原因。故填Because he cares more about the children than about himself.
3．根据文章第三段中“He started the ‘Ye Lianping Scholarship (奖学金) Fund’ with the local government and Buchen School, which helps students pay for school.”，直接说明了该基金的用途。故填To help students pay for school.
4．根据文章最后一段中“He teaches us that the best things in life are not only taking but also giving.”，点明了从他的故事中可以学到的道理。也可以结合全文主旨，提炼出“无私奉献、关爱他人”等核心精神。故填We can learn that the best things in life are not only taking but also giving./We should care about others and try our best to help people in need.
5．这是一个Although引导的让步状语从句，翻译时要注意逻辑关系和固定表达的通顺，stop doing sth.固定搭配，意为“停止做某事（强调停止正在做的动作）”。故填：虽然他在1991年就退休了，但他从未停止教学。
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Presentation
Unit8 Making a Difference
Section A What can we do to help
Grammar Focus(4a-4d)
语法课公开课
单元主题范畴：人与社会
单元主题内容：志愿服务，公益帮扶、关爱弱势群体、个人奉献与社会责任。
(2024新版)人教版 八年级(下册)
Presentation
Learning Objectives
1. 能回顾现在完成时的基本结构和用法（肯定、否定、疑问）；能识别句子中需要与现在完成时连用的时间状语（for, since, already, yet, ever, never等）（学习理解）
2.能够梳理和归纳包含for 和since的现在完成时的功能和意义，并在语境中准确理解和使用；通过体会延续性动词和短暂性动词的区别,能够正确使用现在完成时询问并表达持续性动作或状态。(学习理解，应用实践)
3.运用 for 和 since 完成课本4a-4d的填空与句子改写练习；能够将所学语法知识迁移至多元真实生活场景中，结合自身经历与话题情境创造性地运用目标语法进行交流与表达，能自主设计并完成相关语言任务，提升语言综合运用与跨情境迁移的能力。(迁移创新)
Presentation
Watch and fill
Watch a video and fill in the blanks.
Pay attention to sentences
using present perfect tense
1.I've never _____(see) him before.
2.I ____ never ____(be) sick
before.
3.I _________ (make) changes for you.
4. My dream ________(come)
true.
5.Their mother _________ (not eat) for five months.
seen
have been
have made
has come
hasn't eaten
the present perfect tense
(现在完成时)
What tense(时态) are these sentences
Presentation
Fill and say
Combine(结合) two sentences into one.
He had a big breakfast just now.
He is full.
He ____ already ____ a big breakfast.
has
had
She ____ just ____a good job.
She got a good job just now.
She has a job now.
has
got
He lost his job just now.
He is not working now.
He ____ just _____ his job.
has
lost
现在完成时的基本用法：表示_____ 发生的动作对______造成的影响和结果。
过去
现在
Presentation
Watch and say
Presentation
Look and say
How long has he/she been a volunteer？
He has been a volunteer
since last year.
She has been a volunteer
for about 7 years.
Presentation
Look and say
He has been a guide
for two weeks.
He has been a volunteer
there since last year.
现在完成时
The present
perfect tense.
How long has he/she been a volunteer？
Presentation
Watch and say
Watch two videos and fill in the blanks.
Find out the sentences about present perfect tense(现在完成时).
I ______ ____ you _____ a thousand years.
have loved
for
We______ _____ each other
_____ we were nine or ten.
have known
since
Presentation
Look and say
She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August.她从去年八月起就在一家养老院当志愿者了。
He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started.自从他的暑假开始，他就一直在这儿做志愿者。
I have been a volunteer here for a few months.我已经在这里当志愿者几个月了。
How long have you been a volunteer
Presentation
Look and say
现在完成时的定义(用法）
1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与 already, ever,never,yet, just 等词连用。
2.表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
她从未帮忙清扫过城市公园。
从去年开始他就一直担任志愿者。
She has never helped clean up the city park.
He has worked as a volunteer since last year.
Presentation
Watch and say
基本结构：
否定形式：
一般疑问句：
肯定回答：
否定回答：
特殊疑问句：
主语+have/has + 过去分词 +其他.
Yes, 主语+have/has.
No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t.
特殊疑问词+ have/has +主语+过去分词+其他？
现在完成时的构成
The present
perfect tense.
主语+have/has +not+ 过去分词 +其他.
Have/has +主语+ 过去分词 +其他？
Presentation
Look and say
1. 规则变化（与动词过去式规则一样，此类称作规则动词）
play → _______ → _______
walk → _______ → _______
use → _______ → _______
like → _______ → _______
study → _______ → _______
cry → _______ → _______
stop → _______ → _______
plan → _______ → _______
played
played
walked
walked
used
used
liked
liked
studied
studied
cried
cried
stopped
stopped
一般情况下直接 + ed
以不发音e结尾的直接+ d
planned
planned
以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加-ed
以重读闭音节“辅元辅”结尾的， 双写末尾字母，再+ed
过去分词的构成
Presentation
Look and say
2. 不规则变化（此类称作不规则动词，有很多）
1. AAA
cut→cut→ cut
cost→cost→cost
read→read→read
3. ABB
feel→felt→felt
sell→sold→sold
win→won→won
2. ABA
run→ran→run
come→came→come
become→became→become
4. ABC
do→did→done
eat→ate→eaten
grow→grew→grown
5. AAB
beat→beat→beaten
Presentation
Read and say
Read the sentences. How are for and since used differently
4a
for + 时间段
since + 开始时间点
What are the differences between for and since when used
Presentation
Watch and say
for + 时间段
表示动作持续了一段时间
for two hours
for five days
for nine years
for 30 minutes
since + 开始时间点
表示动作开始于某个特定时间点
since 8 a.m
since 1998
since last week
since I was a child
since 3 years ago
Presentation
Look and summarize
I’ve had it for three years.
He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.
I’ve learned English for two years.
He has learned about 5000 English words since he went to college.
I haven’t played for a while now.
for+时间段
for+时间段
since+过去的时间点
since+过去时的从句
for+时间段
What can you find
since+过去时的从句/过去时间点
for+时间段
Can you summarize the rule
Read these sentences and find out the rules.
Presentation
Read and say
4a
Learn the second usage of the present perfect tense.
现在完成时的第二个用法。
现在完成时还可以表示动作或状态从_____某时开始，一直____至今，还
可能继续下去。这种用法称为“未完成用法”。可以和表示“从过去某一
时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语”连用，如“for+________”、“since+
__________”、“since+_____________”、“since+一段时间+_____”。
过去
延续
时间段
过去时间点
过去时的从句
ago
Presentation
Look and learn
Learn the second usage of the present perfect tense.
现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。常与_____, ______引导的时间短语或从向连用。
for since
moved here
in 2023
I still live here
now
I have lived here for ___________.
I have lived here since _________________.
I have lived here since _____________.
three years
2020/five years ago
I moved here
for与since引导的时间状语可以相互转换。
Presentation
Look and learn
Learn the second usage of the present perfect tense.
现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。常与for, since引导的时间短语或从向连用。
How long has Jeff had this bike
bought the bike now
________|_______________________________|__________
2016 2026
10 years
He has had this bike for _________.
He has had this bike since ___________.
He has had this bike since ______.
It is 10 years since _________________.
10 years
10 years ago
2016
he bought this bike
Presentation
现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。常与for, since引导的时间短语或从向连用。
Learn the second usage of the present perfect tense.
She has learned English for ________.(她已经学习五年英语了)
解释：一直在学,持续了五年,并且还可能持续学下去
He has lived in Beijing _________________.
(自从他出生以后就居住在北京)
解释:从出生后就一直住在北京,持续到现在,还有可能一直住下去。
Have you stayed here ______________
(自从3点后你就一直呆在这儿吗 )
5 years
since he was born
since 3 o'clock
现在完成时的第二个用法。
Look and learn
Presentation
Watch and say
When did she first work as a volunteer
She first worked as a volunteer when she was 18 years old.
She first worked as a volunteer in 2016.
2026-2016=10
She first worked as a volunteer 10 years ago.
Presentation
Look and say
How long has she been a volunteer
She has been a volunteer
for
since
2016
2026
10 years
＋时间段
＋时间点
she was 18 years old
10 years ago
2016
she was 18 years old
10 years ago
10 years
Presentation
Read and say
4a
Learn the second usage of the present perfect tense.
这些动词有什么特点呢？
延续性动词
与how long, for 或者since搭配使用在现在完成时中的动词，动词必须为延续性动词，非延续性动词不能用于现在完成时。
Presentation
Look and say
瞬间动词 &延续性动词
他已经死了。
He has already died .
他已经死了5年了。
1.动作发生在过去对现在造成了影响（现在人没了）
He has died for 5 years .
瞬间动词
die
be dead
He has been dead for 5 years .
for ＋一段时间
He has been dead since 5 years ago .
since ＋时间点
延续性动词
2.过去发生的事一直持续到现在。
与how long, for 或者
since搭配使用在现在
完成时中的动词，
动词必须为延续性动词
Presentation
Watch and learn
瞬间动词 延续性动词
Presentation
Look and learn
非延续性动词如何转换成延续性动词
buy ——
borrow ——
put on ——
catch/get a cold ——
come/go/become ——
① 用相应的延续性动词
have
keep
wear
have a cold,
be
She has already bought the bike.
She has had the bike for 2 years .
她已经买了这辆自行车
这辆自行车她已经买了两年了
Presentation
Look and learn
非延续性动词如何转换成延续性动词
join the Party ——
join the army ——
go to school ——
② 转换成 be + 名词；
be a soldier
be a Party member
be a student
be in the city
be in the army
She has already joined the Party .
She has been a Party member for 5 years .
她已经入党了。
她已经入党5年了。
arrive in the city ——
join the army ——
③ 转换成be + 介词短语：
Presentation
Look and learn
非延续性动词如何转换成延续性动词
die ——
finish ——
begin/start ——
leave (...) ——
close ——
open ——
fall asleep ——
④、转换成 be + 形容词/副词（adj./adv.）
be dead
be over
be on
be away (from)
be closed
The movie has already begun.
The movie has been on for half an hour.
电影已经开始了。
电影已经开始半个小时了。
be open
be asleep
Presentation
Look and judge
Judge whether the following sentences are true or false.
电影开始十分钟了。
开始时间：9:30 a.m
现在时间：9:40 a.m
The movie has begun for 10 minutes.
The movie has been on for 10 minutes.
买的时间：2017.12
现在时间：2025.06.
Iphone6 买了6年半了.
Mayun has bought one for six and a half years .
Mayun has had one for six and a half years.
借书时间：2025.05
现在时间：2025.06.
They have borrowed some books from the library for a month .
They have kept the books from the library for a month.
( 他们借书一个月了。)
关门时间：10:00
现在时间：10:06.
The door has closed for 6 minutes .
The door has been closed for 6 minutes.(门关了6分钟了。)
Presentation
4a
去过，已经回来了
have been to, have gong to和has been in 用法区别。
1. have/has been to意为“___________”，表示去过某地，现在已经回来了。通常与表示次数的词（组）连用，如twice，several times等。
My father __________Beijing twice．我父亲去过北京两次。
I ______ never _______ the Great Wall． 我从未去过长城。
曾经去过某地
has been to
have been to
Look and say
have gone to / have been to / have been in(at)
Presentation
I have been to Sichuan once.
我去过一次四川。
Can you translate
have/has been to: 1) 曾经去过某地，现在已经回来了。
2) 通常与表示______的词连用，如once, twice, three times, several times等。也可以和ever, never, just连用。
次数
2.have/has gone to意为“__________”，表示到某地去了，强调说话时去某地的人不在场（可能在途中，也可能已到达某地）。
去了某地
She __________ Europe twice.
He __________ England.
（已经回来了）
（现在不在这里）
has been to
has gone to
Look and say
have been to / have gone to / have been in(at)
Presentation
Look and say
have been to / have gone to / have been in(at)
She has gone to Sichuan.
她去了四川。
Can you translate
have/has gone to: 表示__________，强调说话时去某地的人不在场（可能在途中，也可能已到达某地）。
去了某地
注意：若have/has been to或have/has gone to后接副词，则省略to。
He has been abroad many times. 他多次出国。
He has gone home. 他回家去了。
Presentation
have/has been in\at… 表示“___________________”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
在某地待了多长时间
他的叔叔在伦敦已经待了两个星期了。
His uncle ___________ London for two weeks.
has been in
I have been in Sichuan for weeks.
我在四川待了几周了。
Can you translate
have/has been in\at: 1)表示在某地待了多长时间，现在还在某地；
2. 常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
Look and say
have been to / have gone to / have been in(at)
Presentation
Watch and fill
1. —Where is Jim
—He ________________ the supermarket.
2. He ________________ Beijing for half a month.
3. —____ you ever ____________ the West Lake
—Yes, three time.
4. —How long ______ your mother ________ Nanjing
—Since last year.
have been to, have gone to, have been in/at
has been in
has gone to
Have
been to
has
been in
Presentation
4b
Read and fill
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets and for or since.
1. This college student enjoys volunteering for the army. She ____________ (teach) English to the soldiers ______ three years.
2. I ____________ (be) a member of the Red Cross for six years. I have made a lot of friends ______ I joined the organization.
3. Mr Wu has taught in a primary school as a volunteer ________ two years now. ______ he started working there, he ___________ (help) many students.
4. The organization _________ (train) over 6,000 volunteers _________ it began to offer classes three years ago.
has taught
for
have been
since
for
Since
has helped
has trained
since
/ ɑ mi/ n.军队
/ s ld (r)/ n.军人；士兵
/ pra m ri/ adj.
小学教育的；首要的
Presentation
4c
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
I love being a volunteer! I _____________ (work) with a sports organization for almost three years now. Since I started, I ________ (help) out at over ten different sports events. I _________ (make) many new friends and I even (meet) many famous athletes. For example, I _________ (meet) two national football players from
Argentina last month. They were at a stadium for a charity
match. The stadium ______ (be) so big that they ______
(get) lost. I gave them directions and they __________
(smile) and _________ (thank) me warmly.
I am proud to be a volunteer.
have worked
have helped
met
was
got
smiled
thanked
如此...以至于
做什么事情 感到骄傲
have
met
分担工作；帮忙做
/ t r ti/ n.慈善机构（或组织）；慈善事业
/ w mli/ adv.热情地；温暖地
Read and fill
have made
Presentation
Read and answer
Read 3c again and answer the questions.
How long has the writer worked with the sports organization
How many sports events has the writer helped out at since he/she started volunteering
When did the writer meet the two national football players from Argentina
For almost three years.
Over ten different sports events.
Last month.
Why did the two football players need the writer's help
How does the writer feel about being a volunteer
Because the stadium was so big that they got lost.
He/She feels proud (of being a volunteer).
Presentation
Interview and share
4d
Work in groups. Interview your groupmates using the questions below. Share the answers with the class.
How long have you known your best friend / ...
had your favourite toy / ...
lived in your neighbourhood / ...
for ＋一段时间
since＋开始时间点
时间点
一段时间＋ago
时间状语从句
Presentation
Interview and role-play
Role-play
Checklist Stars
1. Speak loudly and clearly.
2. Beautiful pronunciation and tones.
3. Use body language and eye contact.
4. Wonderful cooperation.
I have known her for 8 years.
How long have you known your best friend
Presentation
Interview and share
4d
Work in groups. Interview your groupmates using the questions below. Share the answers with the class.
A:How long have you known your best friend
B:I have known her for nearly four years. We became classmates
in Grade Seven.
A:How long have you had your favourite toy
B:I have had it since I was nine years old. It is a gift from my parents.
A:How long have you lived in your neighbourhood
B:I have lived here since six years ago. I enjoy living here very much.
Sample
Presentation
Watch and say
Volunteering is our small way to heal the world. Every little effort we make can bring warmth and make our world better.
志愿活动是我们治愈世界的微小方式。我们付出的每一份努力，都能带去温暖，让世界变得更加美好。
Presentation
Look and say
Summary
三.延续性动词&非延续性动词
一、用法（现在完成时：have/has done）
① 过去发生的事对现在造成的影响
② 过去发生的事一直延续到现在
二、时间标志词
already、yet、ever、never、so far、in the past few years、
for+时间段、since+时间点……
与how long, for 或者since搭配使用在现在完成时中的动词，动词必须为延续性动词，非延续性动词不能用于现在完成时。
Presentation
Class test
一、单选题
1. I ______ to London already. I went there last month.
A. have been B. will go C. have gone D. was going
2. The plane ______ safely, so none of us feels uneasy any more.
A. landed B. will land C. lands D. has landed
3. How many travelers ______ to Shanghai Disneyland since it opened to public
A. have gone B. went C. have been D. will go
4. —Where's Mr. Yang
—He ______ Longquan Mountain in Danzhai. He ______ there three times because he enjoys the local scenery.
A. has gone to; has been B. have gone; have gone
C. has been to; has gone D. has been to; has been to
Presentation
1. My uncle ________ (be) a volunteer in the community ________ 2021.
2. I ________ (join) the volunteer club ________ three months ago.
3. They ________ (help) the old people in the nursing home ________ over two years.
4. ________ you ________ (keep) this volunteer job ________ last summer
has been
since
have been in
since
have helped
for
Have
二、语法填空
kept
Class test
Presentation
Must do:
1.Sort out the past participles of the verbs we learned today, and finish the rest of the matching exercises.
2.Write 3 sentences about the thing you have kept doing the longest. You must use for and since.
Choose to do:
Work in groups and record a 1-minute short interview dialogue about volunteering.
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