资源简介

2026届湖南省常德市汉寿县第一中学考前模拟
英语试题
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
A
Researchers have found evidence that artificial intelligence (AI) models would rather lie than admit the shame of not knowing something.
A new study published in Nature found that the bigger LLMs (大型语言模型) get, the less reliable they become for specific tasks. They tend to reply with confidence even if the answer is not really correct, because they are trained to believe it is. “LLMs are going far beyond their knowledge base to provide responses,” the study noted.
Researchers found that this phenomenon is not because bigger LLMs are not capable of handling simple tasks, but instead they are trained to be more skilled at complex (复杂的) tasks. It’s like a person who’s used to eating only fancy meals suddenly struggling to make a home barbecue or a traditional cake. AI models trained on vast, complex datasets are more likely to miss fundamental skills.
The issue is worsened by the models’ apparent confidence. Users often find it challenging to tell when AI is providing accurate information and when it’s confidently giving misinformation. This overconfidence can lead to dangerous overreliance on AI outputs, particularly in critical fields like healthcare or legal advice.
According to the study, techniques like reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF), intended to shape AI behavior, may actually be adding to the problem. These approaches appear to be reducing the models’ tendency to avoid tasks they’re not equipped to handle — remember the infamous “as an AI Language Model, I cannot” — unintentionally encouraging more frequent errors.
Human oversight, long considered a safeguard against AI mistakes, may not be sufficient to address these issues. The study found that users often struggle to correct incorrect model outputs, even in relatively simple fields, so relying on human judgment may not be the ultimate solution for proper model training.
The study’s findings call into question the current tendency of AI development. While the push for larger, more capable models continues, this research suggests that bigger isn’t always better when it comes to AI reliability.
1. How may LLMs react when not knowing something
A．They admit their ignorance.
B．They refuse to give answers.
C．They turn to experts for assistance.
D．They reply confidently but offer false answers.
2. What has led to AI telling lies according to the study
A．Mistakes in data analysis.
B．Inability to handle specific tasks.
C．Unawareness of its own ignorance.
D．Lack of proper human monitoring.
3. What is the function of the example mentioned in paragraph 3
A．To show the limitations of AI training methods.
B．To prove LLMs are similar to humans.
C．To demonstrate LLMs are poor at simple tasks.
D．To imply LLMs should be applied to complex tasks.
4. What’s the author’s attitude towards where AI is heading
A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Unclear.
B
Born in 1973 in Wenzhou, Jiang Shengnan is the youngest daughter in the family and her name, Shengnan, translates as “better than men”. She was a bookworm as a primary school student and often spent what she calls “a colorful day” at the school library, reading one or two books a day, absorbed in her own world.
Jiang began reading Ding Qing Dynasty (1644 — 1911) author Cao Xueqin’s *Dream of the Red Chamber* in the second grade, when she did not even fully understand all the characters. She also loved reading history and the first historical books she read were the *Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms*, stories that are more than 2,280 years old.
In 1996, she wrote her first martial arts novel *Modao Fengyun* to entertain herself. In 1997, she bought a computer and typed in the manuscript (手稿), but with nowhere to publish, only family and friends read the book.
Jiang focused on women, who were usually overshadowed and presented as simplified characters in Chinese literature, particularly important historical women. She realized that Chinese historical novels tended to focus on emperors, kings, and generals, and women often featured as vehicles, such as virtuous wives and good mothers.
Among the 2, 000 ratings on Douban, a major review aggregator (聚合器) in China, nearly 70 percent of readers gave Jiang’s most famous novel four stars or more out of five. One reader, nicknamed Yinrendeponiang, who gave the novel four stars, commented that, “The book describes the life of China’s first empress dowager (女皇) , through a mix of fiction and history. It details her journey from birth to rule, and how the changes in her life influenced her, shaping her into a kind yet tricky individual. She resists others’ control over her...This book not only informs us about her path to growth, but also shows how a woman can achieve success through her own efforts.”
5. What can we learn about Jiang from the first two paragraphs
A．She had an extremely romantic view of life.
B．Her reading choices were family-influenced.
C．Her hobby was comparable to men’s early on.
D．She tackled complex literature at a young age.
6. Why did Jiang’s family and friends be the readers of her early works
A．To persuade her out of writing.
B．To kill their time for entertainment.
C．To encourage her writing enthusiasm.
D．To help her find mistakes in her work.
7. What is the author’s purpose of mentioning Yinrendeponiang
A．To call on women to achieve success.
B．To show his dissatisfaction with the novel.
C．To make comments on China’s first empress dowager.
D．To demonstrate Jiang’s work is well-received on Douban.
8. Which proverb can best describe Jiang’s work
A．Knowledge is power
B．Women hold up half the sky.
C．One good turn deserves another.
D．Constant dripping wears away the stone.
C
Surveillance is nothing new. The dark Satanic mill of 18th-century Britain had supervisors to crack the whip. Shops have long used CCTV to monitor customers and staff, and some factory workers have had to face the humiliation of timed toilet breaks. Still, if you enjoy the comfort of a white-collar job, you may be astonished to learn just how much you are being watched.
Calls and emails are monitored using ever more advanced software. Artificial intelligence is taking the monitoring to new levels, tracking everything from Zoom-call rictus and twitchy keyboard strokes to the consistent note of irritation in your voice, in an attempt to assess your productivity and judge your state of mind.
Surveillance is rising because work-from-home policies mean that employers are keen to keep tabs on their remote workforce. Before the pandemic, around one in ten of the large businesses had spying software. Within three years it expects the share to reach 70 %.
Bosses also have ever-expanding amounts of data at their disposal, enlarging the digital footprint that can be monitored. Widely used software such as Google Workspace, Microsoft Teams or Slack can tell managers what time you clock in or how many calls you join on their platforms. Employee badges fitted with motion sensors and microphones can alert bosses if someone is loafing about. The blurring boundaries between work and home mean that video surveillance and other intrusive tools are barging into workers’ personal lives, social-media accounts and private devices at all times of the day.
The law is scrambling to adjust. In the state of New York, employees subject to electronic monitoring must be told in advance, under a new law introduced on May 7th. Connecticut and Delaware require similar disclosures. California is considering new laws to strengthen privacy protections for workers, including a ban on digital monitoring without prior notice. The European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation establishes some basic rights for staff. Yet it is still early days and the technology is advancing fast. As a result, most firms are only just getting their heads around how much remote work is likely to remain permanent. A clear boundary between embracing new technologies on the one hand, and protecting workers on the other, has still to be drawn.
There are perfectly legitimate reasons for surveillance at work. Many jobs require monitoring for safety, security and compliance. Investment banks’ traders are tracked to prevent insider dealing, and the decisions of social-media moderators (仲裁人) are traced and recorded to ensure consistency and accountability. In the same way that companies collect data on customers’ behaviour in order to improve their products, so professional employers are using monitoring tools to measure the productivity and engagement of their most important resource: their people. In the future such tools could help spot bad posture, root out bullying, and identify and share best practice among staff.
9. The passage is mainly about ________.
A．the phenomenon of workplace monitoring
B．the history of surveillance in different industries
C．the new norm of employees after the pandemic
D．the benefits and drawbacks of remote work policies
10. According to paragraph 3, employers are more interested in keeping an eye on staff because ________.
A．spying software are much more popularized than ever before
B．more and more new employees are coming from remote areas
C．they share the way to manage employees during the epidemic
D．they want to ensure the productivity of employees working from home
11. The underlined sentence in paragraph 4 is used to ________.
A．point out how intense the competition is for Google
B．show the wide range of office software on the market
C．compare the performance of different spying software
D．list employers’ one possible access to staff’s working data
12. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the author
A．Monitoring at workplace is reasonable in some walks of life
B．Artificial Intelligence can forward employees’ email to their bosses.
C．Most workers in California are currently free from digital monitoring
D．Bosses can balance embracing new technology and protecting privacy.
D
Stingrays are an instantly recognizable fish, with their pancake-like bodies that swim gracefully through the water. Their flat bodies allow them to sit on the bottom of the ocean, river or lake, disguising themselves to predators (食肉动物) swimming above as they hunt their prey (猎物) on the floor. Their eyes sit on the top of their body, while their mouths are on the bottom. They each have a long tail with a toxin-filled barb (充满毒素的倒钩). When they feel threatened, they can lift their barbed tails upward and injure potential predators. Most species of stingrays sport dull colors that help with disguise, though some do have more lively colors. Stingrays eat prey like worms while freshwater stingrays eat insects as well.
As those creatures move through the water, they generate bioelectric fields. Stingrays are able to detect these bioelectric fields of the animals around them using a network of special sensory organs called ampullae of Lorenzini. These organs are small, fluid-filled electrical receptors that are located near the stingray's mouth and look like tiny black holes in the animal's skin. Once they've located and captured their prey with the help of these sensory organs, stingrays use their hard teeth to break the shells of their victims, and can even chew their meal.
In 2006, Australian television personality Steve Irwin died when a stingray's barbed tail pierced his heart. Irwin was being filmed for a show called "Ocean's Deadliest" when he swam too close to a stingray. However, death from stingrays is rare. A stingray's poison is generally only deadly when its barb pierces people's neck or chest. Otherwise, contact with a stingray's barb anywhere else on the body causes pain similar to a jellyfish (水母) sting.
Scientists also believe that stingrays have the ability to detect the Earth's magnetic fields and the orientation of electric currents generated by objects in the water. They could then use that information to navigate in the open ocean. However, this ability could potentially cause problems for the animals as offshore energy technologies like wind and wave energy become more popular, thus disturbing stingrays' ability to accurately detect their surroundings. This could influence stingrays' feeding and migration patterns.
13. What can we know about stingrays
A．They hardly feed on insects.
B．They have a big ball-like fat body.
C．Their barbed tails serve as a defence.
D．Their body colors vary with the environment.
14. What is the ampullae of Lorenzini used for
A．Hunting prey. B．Frightening prey.
C．Protecting sensory organs. D．Producing a bioelectric field.
15. Why is Irwin's death mentioned in Paragraph 3
A．To explain jellyfish stings cause death.
B．To show it was an occasional accident.
C．To prove photographing undersea is risky.
D．To stress stingrays are ocean's deadliest.
16. What does the last paragraph mainly focus on
A．Stingrays' ability to detect magnetic fields.
B．The popularity of wind and wave energy.
C．Stingrays' feeding and migration patterns.
D．The technological impact on stingrays' life.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Mario on an iPhone It works
This was not supposed to happen. For years, fans had tried to persuade Nintendo, a Japanese company, to put Mario on smartphones. 17 . Until Dec. 15, when Nintendo released Super Mario Run, for Apple iPhones and iPads. The bigger surprise Super Mario Run is excellent.
18 . He is still the plumber who dashes from left to right across fields of grassy blocks, rivers of coins and so on. The difference is that Mario moves automatically as soon as a level loads, animated by an algorithm. Instead of controlling Mario directly, players tap to interrupt his motion and make more imaginative choices. A quick rap (连续敲击) makes Mario hop, while a longer one boosts him twice as high. If you need to clear a crack, tap midair and he’ll pirouette (竖趾旋转) , flying a bit further. It’s intuitive.
19 . Tap near a wall or when landing on blocks painted with reverse arrows, for instance, and Mario springs backward, letting you break the game’s one-wayness. It’s smart, less-is-more design that plays to the strengths of touchscreen gaming without sacrificing precision. For all its hesitance in embracing smartphones and tablets, Nintendo seems to have had no trouble designing software for them.
There is one fairly serious problem with Super Mario Run: the game works only with an active Internet connection. Sever(断绝) that and the game throws up an error screen. 20 . This means you can’t play Super Mario Run on a plane without paying for wi-fi. You’re out of luck for the part of your subway commute that involves cell-service dropouts.
Other than that, Super Mario Run impresses in ways sure to convince that designing games on smartphones is still a rapidly evolving—and improving—art form.
A．The simplicity masks deeper layers.
B．This is the Mario those who grew up with Nintendo know best.
C．Yes, you really can play one-handed.
D．There’s no way around it.
E．And for years, the company simply refused.
F．However, not everyone likes its design.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The Unlikely Guardian of Room 204
Zach had a problem with Room 204 — not the math class, but a strange smell. The source seemed to be the supply closet at the back, under the 21 of Angela, the school’s least approachable cleaner. Angela was a figure of mystery, moving silently with a 22 expression. Students nicknamed her “The Warden (典狱长).” Zach believed she kept harsh chemicals 23 in that closet, making the class unbearable.
Their campaign started 24 . First, they left a polite note, ignored. Next, they stacked textbooks in front of the door. The next day, the books were neatly placed aside, and the smell was, if anything, 25 . Frustrated, Zach decided to take 26 action. One afternoon when the hallway was empty, he approached the closet and 27 the door open with a knife secretly. Inside was spotless — but instead of chemicals, a worn pet carrier sat on the shelf; the familiar smell 28 it. Just then, the cart rattled. Panicked, Zach shut the door. A pet Why The pieces 29 into place, forming a picture.
The next week, during a downpour, Zach saw Angela hurrying to the old bike shed, holding her coat over something small and 30 . He followed. Under the leaky roof, Angela knelt. Wrapped in a towel was a scruffy dog. She offered it sandwich pieces. The dog wagged its tail, 31 the food eagerly. The harsh cleaner was gone, replaced by a person of gentle 32 . Zach felt shame. He had 33 her as the villain, when she was the secret guardian of a helpless creature.
The next day, Zach left dog food and a blanket in front of the closet with a note: “For the guardian. Thank you.” He didn’t 34 it. The following Monday, the smell was fainter, with a clean mat beside the carrier. Sometimes, the most important 35 aren’t the ones you share, but the ones that change how you see the world.
21. A．influence B．name C．command D．guidance
22. A．curious B．cheerful C．calm D．blank
23. A．stored B．mixed C．stolen D．studied
24. A．ambitiously B．innocently C．bravely D．violently
25. A．weaker B．sweeter C．stranger D．stronger
26. A．legal B．direct C．collective D．final
27. A．pushed B．kicked C．forced D．knocked
28. A．broke up B．gave out C．put out D．escaped from
29. A．floated B．broke C．fell D．moved
30. A．trembling B．playing C．sleeping D．barking
31. A．rejecting B．guarding C．eating D．smelling
32. A．humor B．patience C．authority D．confidence
33. A．interviewed B．promoted C．thanked D．regarded
34. A．sign B．read C．deliver D．trust
35. A．choices B．discoveries C．gifts D．apologies
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tea is one of the most popular 36 (drink)in the world. You make it by pouring hot water over the 37 (dry)leaves of a tea plant. For centuries people believed that tea could cure illnesses, and they used it as medicine. Today scientists know that tea contains chemicals that prevent cells from 38 (die). Most teas have caffeine in them, a substance that makes you feel more active. Some people have problems drinking tea because it can cause 39 (sleepless).
The tea plant grows best in tropical and temperate places 40 rain falls throughout the year. Teas can be grown from sea level 41 about 2,000 metres, but the best quality grows in higher regions.
Tea 42 (come)from the leaves and buds of tea plants. Wild plants can be up to 9 metres high but on tea plantations(茶园)they 43 (cut)back to a bush of about a metre in height so that workers can pull the leaves 44 (easy). It takes a plant three to five years before it is ready for plucking(采摘).
A plucker can harvest about 20 kg of tea a day. on large tea plantations the leaves are harvested by machines, 45 the quality of tea is higher when the leaves are plucked by hand.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华。为了讲好中国乡村故事，你班上周末分组举办了乡村走访活动。请你给你的英国笔友Peter写封邮件，分享这次活动，内容包括：
1．活动内容；
2．你的收获。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I had been a cycling enthusiast for over twenty-five years. Riding beside my friend Jake along wooded paths was my favorite way to relax, stay fit, and connect with nature. In my fifties, I still felt strong, grateful, and alive whenever I rode.
One perfect morning, Jake and I went to explore a newly reopened trail (小路). The forest was peaceful and alive. Birds were singing, and sunlight filtered through the leaves. Squirrels dashed up tree trunks and disappeared into the branches. We chatted and laughed, letting the wind freely brush our faces. Suddenly, as we passed a broken construction barrier, a long yellow caution tape wrapped around my bike pedal. I lost control and fell heavily to the ground. Jake rushed to my side at once, his face filled with worry.
At the hospital, I had multiple fractures (骨折) in my wrist and elbow, a badly torn shoulder, and a sprained ankle. I would need several surgeries and months of strict recovery training. My cycling life, which I loved deeply, seemed to be over completely. I sank into darkness. I became angry, bitter, and hopeless. I refused to talk or eat, shutting out even my wife Molly. Jake visited, bringing photos of our old rides and begging me to stay positive. But I pushed everyone away, trapped in self-pity.
Weeks later, doctors told me my shoulder needed another high-risk operation. The pain, fear, and endless waiting almost broke me. One afternoon, I sat by the window, staring blankly at the yard.
Molly sat beside my bed, holding my hand firmly. “Honey, the wind in riding is just like trouble in life,” she said gently. “You can’t stop it, but you can learn to adjust.” Her words found an echo (回响) in my heart. Wind, I realized, is part of life’s journey. I recalled how I used to hate pedaling on windy days, but finally grew stronger by facing them.注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A new light of hope lighting up my heart, I chose to rise again into the wind. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Months later, the familiar trail lay ahead of Jake and me. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
一、阅读理解
1-4：D B A B
5-8：D B D B
9-12：A D D A
13-16：C A B D
17-20：E B A D
二、完形填空
21-25：C D A B D
26-30：B C D C A
31-35：C B D A B
三、语法填空
36. drinks
37. dried
38. dying
39. sleeplessness
40. where
41. to
42. comes
43. are cut
44. easily
45. but / yet
四、书面表达参考范文
46. 告知信
Dear Peter,
How is everything going Last weekend, our class went on a field trip to nearby villages in groups. We talked with local villagers, visited their homes and learned about rural changes. We also took many photos to record what we saw.
This activity meant a lot to me. I got to know more about beautiful countryside life and great development of rural areas. I really enjoyed this meaningful experience.
Yours,
Li Hua
47. 读后续写
A new light of hope lighting up my heart, I chose to rise again into the wind. I cooperated with doctors and did recovery exercises every day no matter how painful it was. I stopped feeling upset and tried to cheer myself up. Jake often came to keep me company and encouraged me not to give up. Gradually, my body got better and my mood turned bright as well. I made up my mind to get back on my bike one day.
Months later, the familiar trail lay ahead of Jake and me. I got on my bike carefully and started to ride slowly. The wind blew against my face, yet I felt peaceful and powerful. We rode along the path, enjoying the beautiful scenery around. I realized difficulties were just like headwinds. Instead of giving in, we should bravely face them and become stronger.

展开更多......

收起↑