2026新高一英语分班考冲刺语法 第六讲:特殊句式 学案(含答案)

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2026新高一英语分班考冲刺语法 第六讲:特殊句式 学案(含答案)

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/ 让教学更有效 精品试卷 | 英语学科
第六讲:特殊句式——打破常规的“句法特写”
第一课时:倒装句与强调句——为了“突出”而“颠倒”
一、什么是倒装?
英语的正常语序是“主语 + 谓语”。倒装是将谓语的一部分或全部提到主语之前。倒装分为:
- 完全倒装:整个谓语动词放在主语前。
- 部分倒装:只将助动词、情态动词或 be 动词提到主语前,谓语动词主体仍在主语后。
二、完全倒装(初中接触,高中强化)
1. 表示方位或地点的副词 / 介词短语置于句首,主语是名词时
常见词:here, there, now, then, in, out, up, down, away, off, on the wall, in the room 等。
- Here comes the bus. (正常语序:The bus comes here.)
- There goes the bell.
- On the wall hangs a famous painting. (正常:A famous painting hangs on the wall.)
- In front of the library stands a statue.
注意:如果主语是代词,则不完全倒装(仍保持主语在谓语前)。
- Here he comes. (不能说 Here comes he)
2. 表语提前的倒装(强调表语)
- Happy are those who volunteer regularly. (正常:Those who volunteer regularly are happy.)
- Gone are the days when I was a freshman.
三、部分倒装(高中高频考点)
部分倒装结构:否定词 / 特定副词 + 助动词/情态动词/be + 主语 + 谓语剩余部分
1. 否定词或半否定词位于句首时
常见词:never, seldom, hardly, rarely, little, scarcely, nowhere, not once, at no time, by no means, in no way, under no circumstances 等。
- Never have I seen such a challenging task.
- Seldom does he feel anxious before exams.
- Little did they know the truth.
2. “Not only…but also…” 连接两个分句时,not only 后面的分句倒装
- Not only did he recommend a good book, but he also lent it to me.
(正常:He not only recommended…)
3. “No sooner…than…” 和 “Hardly/Scarcely…when…” 结构
- No sooner had I arrived at school than the bell rang.
- Hardly had she graduated when she got a job.
4. “Only + 状语(副词、介词短语、从句)” 位于句首时
- Only then did I realize the importance of a schedule.
- Only by volunteering can you gain real experience.
- Only when you concentrate will you succeed.
注意:如果 only 修饰主语,则不倒装:Only Tom knows the answer.
5. So / Such…that… 结构中,so/such 位于句首时
- So anxious was he that he couldn’t sleep. (正常:He was so anxious that…)
- Such a good schedule did he make that everyone admired it.
6. 表示“也/也不”的 so / neither / nor 倒装
- I have graduated. So has my brother. (我哥哥也是。)
- He doesn’t like the plan. Neither do I. (我也不喜欢。)
- She can’t concentrate. Nor can I.
注意:如果只是对对方所说内容表示赞同(“是的”),则不倒装:
- —It’s a nice day. —So it is. (是的,确实。)
7. 虚拟条件句省略 if 时的倒装(高中重点)
当虚拟条件句中有 were, had, should 时,可省略 if,将这三个词提到主语前。
- Were I you, I would accept the challenge. (= If I were you)
- Had he known the schedule, he wouldn’t have been late. (= If he had known)
- Should you need any help, call me. (= If you should need)
四、强调句(It is/was…that/who…)
强调句是用来强调句子中某一成分(主语、宾语、状语),结构为:It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其余部分。
- 原句:I met a volunteer at the library yesterday.
- 强调主语:It was I who met a volunteer at the library yesterday.
- 强调宾语:It was a volunteer that I met at the library yesterday.
- 强调地点状语:It was at the library that I met a volunteer yesterday.
- 强调时间状语:It was yesterday that I met a volunteer at the library
易错点:
- 无论原句是什么时态,强调句中 be 动词只用 is 或 was(原句过去时用 was,现在时用 is)。
- 被强调部分是人时,可用 who 或 that;是物或时间地点状语时,只能用 that。
- 强调句去掉 It is/was…that/who… 后,剩余部分应构成一个完整的句子。
区分强调句与定语从句:
- It was in this school that I studied. (强调句:去掉 It was…that 得 I studied in this school,完整)
- This is the school that I visited. (定语从句:that 在从句中作 visited 的宾语,不能去掉)
【随堂练习】
题型一:将下列句子改为倒装句(部分或完全)
1. I have never seen such a responsible volunteer.
→ ____________________________________________________
2. He not only finished the task but also helped others.
→ ____________________________________________________
3. The bus comes here.
→ ____________________________________________________
4. If I had known the schedule, I would have arrived earlier.
→ ____________________________________________________
题型二:用所给动词的正确形式填空(倒装结构)
5. Not until he entered senior high __________ (he, realize) the importance of time management.
6. Only after graduation __________ (she, find) a suitable job.
7. Hardly __________ (the bell, ring) when the students rushed out.
题型三:完成强调句
8. I met my best friend in the library last week.
→ 强调“my best friend”:It was ____________________________________
→ 强调“in the library”:It was ____________________________________
题型四:选择填空
9. —I have never been to Beijing. —___________.
A. So have I B. Neither have I C. So I have
10. It was in 2021 __________ I graduated from junior high.
A. when B. that C. which
题型五:单句改错
11. Only by work hard you can achieve your goal.
12. Here comes he.
【答案与解析】
1. 答案:Never have I seen such a responsible volunteer.
语法:否定副词 Never 位于句首,句子需部分倒装。原句助动词 have 提到主语 I 前。
语境:强调“从未见过如此负责的志愿者”。
2. 答案:Not only did he finish the task, but he also helped others.
语法:Not only 位于句首时,其后的分句部分倒装。原句 finished 是一般过去时,需借助助动词 did,主语 he 后跟动词原形 finish。
语境:强调“他不仅完成了任务,还帮助了别人”。
3. 答案:Here comes the bus.
语法:地点副词 Here 位于句首,主语 the bus 是名词,完全倒装,谓语 comes 放在主语前。
语境:公交车来了。
4. 答案:Had I known the schedule, I would have arrived earlier.
语法:虚拟条件句省略 if,将 had 提到主语 I 前。
语境:如果我当时知道时间表,我会到得更早。
5. 答案:did he realize
语法:Not until 引导的时间状语位于句首,主句部分倒装。主句用一般过去时,借助助动词 did,主语 he 后跟 realize 原形。
语境:直到进入高中,他才意识到时间管理的重要性。
6. 答案:did she find
语法:Only after graduation 是“only + 状语”位于句首,主句部分倒装。found 改为 did she find。
语境:毕业后她才找到一份合适的工作。
7. 答案:had the bell rung
语法:Hardly…when 结构中,Hardly 位于句首,其后的分句用过去完成时的倒装,即 had + 主语 + 过去分词。
语境:铃一响,学生们就冲了出去。
8. 答案:
- It was my best friend that/who I met in the library last week.
- It was in the library that I met my best friend last week.
语法:强调句结构 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其余部分。强调人可用 who/that;强调地点只能用 that。
语境:分别强调“我的朋友”和“在图书馆”。
9. 答案:B
语法:表示“也不”用 Neither 或 Nor 倒装。Neither have I 等于 I haven’t been to Beijing either。
语境:—我从未去过北京。—我也没去过。
10. 答案:B
语法:强调句结构 It was…that…,即使被强调部分是时间,也不能用 when,只能用 that。
语境:我就是在2021年初中毕业的。
11. 答案:将 you can 改为 can you。
语法:Only by working hard 位于句首,主句需部分倒装,将情态动词 can 提到主语 you 前。同时 work 应改为 working(by 是介词)。
语境:只有通过努力学习,你才能实现目标。
12. 答案:将 Here comes he 改为 Here he comes。
语法:Here 位于句首但主语是代词 he 时,不倒装,主语仍在前。
语境:他来了。
第二课时:省略句、祈使句、感叹句、There be 句型的特殊用法
一、省略句——简洁而不失语义
省略是为了避免重复或使句子更简洁,但省略后句子仍应保持清晰。常见省略类型:
1. 主语的省略(常见于祈使句或口语)
- (I) Thank you very much.
- (You) Come here, please.
2. 动词或动词短语的省略
- —Will you join the volunteer club —Yes, I will (join).
- She can speak English, but her brother can’t (speak English).
3. 宾语从句中 that 的省略(初中已学)
- I think (that) he is right.
4. 定语从句中作宾语的关系代词的省略(第五讲已学)
- The book (that/which) I bought is interesting.
5. 状语从句中的省略(高中重点)
当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致,且从句谓语包含 be 动词时,可省略“主语 + be”。
- When (you are) facing a challenge, stay calm.
- Though (he was) tired, he continued to volunteer.
- If (it is) necessary, I will adjust my schedule.
- He will help you if (he is) asked.
注意:省略后,从句中可留下分词、形容词、介词短语等。
6. 虚拟语气中 if 的省略(见第一课时倒装)
- Were I you… = If I were you
7. 不定式省略 to(感官动词、使役动词后,以及省略重复的动词)
- I saw him (to) cross the street. (省略 to)
- —Would you like to go with me —I’d love to (go). (保留 to,省略 go)
二、祈使句——表达命令、请求、建议
祈使句以动词原形开头,主语 you 通常省略。否定形式在动词原形前加 Don’t 或 Never。
- Concentrate on your study.
- Don’t be anxious before the exam.
- Never give up when facing challenges.
高中重点结构:“祈使句 + and/or + 陈述句”
- Work hard, and you will succeed. (= If you work hard, you will succeed.)
- Hurry up, or you will miss the bus. (= If you don’t hurry, you will miss the bus.)
注意:这种结构中,祈使句相当于条件状语从句,后面的陈述句用一般将来时。
三、感叹句——表达强烈感情
感叹句有两种结构:
1. What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
- What a challenging task (it is)!
- What beautiful weather (we have)! (weather 不可数,不加 a)
2. How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
- How responsible the volunteer is!
- How quickly he adapted to the new school!
简化记忆:
- 强调名词 → 用 What
- 强调形容词/副词 → 用 How
四、There be 句型的特殊用法
初中已学 There be 表示“存在”。高中需要掌握:
1. There be 的时态和情态变化
- There will be a graduation ceremony next week.
- There used to be a library here.
- There must be some mistake.
2. There be 与非谓语动词连用
- There is a book lying on the desk. (现在分词作定语)
- There is a lot of work to do. (不定式作定语)
- There have been many students volunteering at the shelter.
3. There be 的变体:There exist, There remain, There come, There stand 等
- There exist many solutions to this problem.
- There remains a question to be discussed.
4. There be 的否定和疑问
- There isn’t any water left.
- Is there any chance that he will graduate early
5. There be 与情态表推测
- There might be some challenges.
- There can’t be any doubt about his responsibility.
【随堂练习】
题型一:省略句——补全或改写
1. While (he was) walking to school, he met a volunteer.
→ 改写为省略形式:____________________________________
2. If it is necessary, you can adjust your schedule.
→ 改写为省略形式:____________________________________
3. —Do you want to join the club —Yes, I want to.
→ 简略回答:____________________________________
题型二:祈使句转换与填空
4. 用“祈使句 + and/or”改写:If you don’t concentrate in class, you will fall behind.
→ ____________________________________________________
5. 用所给动词的适当形式填空:__________ (not, be) afraid of making mistakes.
6. __________ (study) hard, __________ you will pass the exam.
题型三:感叹句转换
7. The schedule is very effective. → 感叹句(用 How):____________________
8. It is a wonderful opportunity. → 感叹句(用 What):____________________
题型四:There be 句型填空
9. There __________ (be) a lecture on time management next Friday.
10. There __________ (exist) a close relationship between confidence and success.
11. There used __________ (be) a library, but it was moved.
题型五:综合改错(特殊句式)
12. What a beautiful weather we have today!
13. If you don’t study hard, and you will fail.
14. There will have an exam next week.
题型六:翻译句子
15. 别放弃,你就会成功。
→ ____________________________________________________
16. 多么令人困惑的问题啊!
→ ____________________________________________________
【答案与解析】
1. 答案:While walking to school, he met a volunteer.
语法:状语从句的主语 he 与主句主语一致,且从句谓语包含 was,可省略“he was”,保留现在分词 walking。
语境:步行去学校的路上,他遇到了一位志愿者。
2. 答案:If necessary, you can adjust your schedule.
语法:状语从句 if it is necessary 中,省略 it is,保留形容词 necessary。
语境:如果有必要,你可以调整你的时间表。
3. 答案:Yes, I want to.
语法:省略重复的动词 join the club,但保留不定式符号 to,避免歧义。
语境:—你想加入俱乐部吗?—是的,我想。
4. 答案:Concentrate in class, or you will fall behind.
语法:否定条件句 If you don’t… 转换为“祈使句 + or + 陈述句”。Don’t concentrate 改为肯定祈使句 Concentrate(因为 or 表示否则)。
语境:上课要专心,否则会落后。
5. 答案:Don’t be
语法:祈使句的否定形式用 Don’t + 动词原形。
语境:不要害怕犯错。
6. 答案:Study; and
语法:祈使句 + and + 陈述句,表示“如果……就……”。
语境:努力学习,你就会通过考试。
7. 答案:How effective the schedule is!
语法:How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语。
语境:这个时间表太有效了!
8. 答案:What a wonderful opportunity (it is)!
语法:What + a/an + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语。
语境:多么好的机会啊!
9. 答案:will be
语法:There be 的一般将来时 There will be,不可以说 There will have。
语境:下周五将有一场关于时间管理的讲座
10. 答案:exists
语法:There exist 是 There be 的正式变体,主语 a close relationship 单数,谓语用 exists。
语境:自信和成功之间存在密切联系。
11. 答案:to be
语法:There used to be 表示“过去曾经有”。
语境:这里过去有个图书馆,但后来搬走了。
12. 答案:删除 a,改为 What beautiful weather we have today!
语法:weather 是不可数名词,前面不能用不定冠词 a。What 引导的感叹句中不可数名词不加 a。
语境:今天天气真好!
13. 答案:删除 and,或改为 Study hard, or you will fail.(但原意是“如果不努力就会失败”)。正确改法:If you don’t study hard, you will fail. 或 Study hard, or you will fail. 原句中“and you will fail”语义不对。
语法:If you don’t... 不能与 and 连用。要么用条件句,要么用“祈使句 + or”。
语境:如果你不努力学习,就会不及格。
14. 答案:将 have 改为 be,即 There will be an exam next week.
语法:There be 句型表示“存在”,不能与 have(拥有)混用。
语境:下周有一场考试。
15. 答案:Don’t give up, and you will succeed. 或 Never give up, and you will succeed.
语法:否定祈使句 + and + 陈述句,表示“如果不放弃,就会成功”。注意否定祈使句 Don’t give up 相当于 If you don’t give up。
语境:鼓励对方坚持。
16. 答案:What a confusing problem (it is)! 或 How confusing the problem is!
语法:强调名词 problem 用 What,强调形容词 confusing 用 How。
语境:表达对问题的困惑和感叹。
本讲总结:特殊句式速查表(逻辑归纳)
| 句式 | 核心结构 | 使用目的 | 易错点 |
| 完全倒装 | 副词/介词短语 + 谓语 + 主语(名词) | 描述方位、表语强调 | 主语是代词时不倒装 |
| 部分倒装 | 否定词/only/so + 助/情/be + 主语 + 动 | 强调状语或条件 | 忘记加助动词;only修饰主语不倒装 |
| 强调句 | It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 剩余 | 突出任意成分 | 与定语从句混淆;误用 when/which |
| 省略 | 状语从句省略主语+be;不定式省略动词 | 简洁 | 省略后句子不完整或歧义 |
| 祈使句 | 动词原形;Don’t + 原形;+ and/or + 将来时 | 命令、建议、条件 | 误用动词形式;与陈述句连用误用连词 |
| 感叹句 | What + (a/an) + 形 + 名;How + 形/副 | 表达强烈情感 | 漏掉不可数名词前的 a;混淆 What/How |
| There be | There + be/情态/变体 + 主语 | 存在 | 与 have 混淆;误用 there have |
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