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Unit 4 Natural Disasters 灾害新闻报道
一、学习目标
依托课本原句掌握自然灾害类核心短语，辨析易混词汇，适配新闻写作语境。
掌握过去分词作状语、现在完成时、It takes time to do 三大句型，区分时态与句式用法，贴合新闻文体。
深度解析灾害新闻的文体特征、叙事顺序、段落结构，学会写出客观严谨、情感积极的新闻短文。
二、例文整体感知（课本 Reading 原文）
本篇为灾害类新闻报道，文体特点为语言客观、叙事简洁、逻辑清晰。文章按照“灾害发生—破坏情况—救援行动—灾后重建”的顺序写作，是高中新闻类写作标准范本。
1、核心重点短语
（1）be affected by 受……影响
课本原句：Many people were affected by the terrible earthquake.
易混辨析
be affected by：侧重“受到灾害、外界因素的不良影响”，灾害写作专用；
be influenced by：侧重“受到思想、文化、人的影响”，二者语境区分使用。
自主仿写：________________________________________
（2）cause great damage 造成巨大破坏
课本原句：The flood caused great damage to the village.
易混辨析
damage：可修复的损坏、破坏（本单元用法）；
destroy：彻底摧毁、无法复原，语气更强。
自主仿写：________________________________________
（3）in ruins 沦为废墟；严重受损
课本原句：The whole city lay in ruins after the disaster.
自主仿写：________________________________________
（4）take action 采取行动
课本原句：The government took action to help the homeless people.
自主仿写：________________________________________
（5）in need 处于危难中；需要帮助
课本原句：We should offer help to people in need.
自主仿写：________________________________________
（6）bring back 恢复；使好转
课本原句：People are working hard to bring the city back to life.
自主仿写：________________________________________
（7）suffer from 遭受；蒙受
课本原句：Many families suffered from the heavy storm.
自主仿写：________________________________________
（8）make a difference 产生影响；发挥作用
课本原句：Small kindness can make a difference to people in disaster areas.
自主仿写：________________________________________
2、核心语法精讲
语法点1：过去分词作状语
课本原句：Struck by the earthquake, the town was completely destroyed.
知识点精讲
过去分词作状语，表被动、完成，常用于新闻开头描述灾害带来的影响，句式简洁高级。
易错点：分词的逻辑主语必须与主句主语保持一致；表被动不能使用现在分词。
【课堂小练习】补全句子
________________ (受到洪水袭击), many houses fell down.
________________ (遭到严重破坏), the village needed help badly.
________________ (被大雪困住), many people could not move.
语法点2：现在完成时
课本原句：The disaster has destroyed many buildings.
知识点精讲
结构：have/has done，用于描述过去发生的灾害，对现在造成的持续影响，新闻报道核心时态。
易混辨析
现在完成时：强调“过去动作对现在的影响”，常搭配 so far, already；
一般过去时：只单纯描述过去发生的动作，不强调影响。
【课堂小练习】用所给词正确形式填空
The storm ________ (destroy) many roads so far.
Many people ________ (lose) their houses in the disaster.
Volunteers ________ (offer) lots of help to local people.
语法点3：It takes time to do sth. 固定句型
课本原句：It takes time to bring the city back to life.
知识点精讲
句型含义：做某事需要时间，多用于新闻结尾描述灾后重建工作。it 为形式主语，真正主语为后面的不定式。
【课堂小练习】补全句子
It takes time to ________________ (恢复人们的正常生活).
It takes time to ________________ (重建被毁的房屋).
3、篇章结构 & 写作深度讲解
（1）写作话题解读
文体：灾害新闻报道（正式客观类短文）
核心写作顺序：灾害发生时间&地点 → 灾害造成的破坏与损失 → 救援行动与社会援助 → 灾后重建与未来展望。
写作要求：语言客观写实，结尾传递希望，基调积极向上。
（2）新闻三段式结构
开头段：总起全文，点明灾害类型、发生时间、地点以及整体影响。
主体段：详细描述房屋、道路、人员等受损情况，客观陈述损失。
结尾段：介绍政府、志愿者的救援行动，描述重建工作，表达美好期许。
（3）逻辑衔接词（新闻叙事专用）
时间衔接：Suddenly 突然、Soon after 不久之后
情感衔接：Luckily 幸运的是
（4）高分写作技巧
时态搭配：开头、主体多用一般过去时+现在完成时，区分动作与影响；
句式升级：开篇使用过去分词作状语，提升文章档次；
情感把控：客观描述灾情，结尾侧重救援与希望，不刻意渲染悲伤。
三、综合实战：课堂写作训练
写作任务
假设你是校园英文报记者，写一篇80词左右新闻短文，报道一场突发暴风雨，介绍灾害影响、人们遭遇以及救援情况。
【限时写作要求】
时长：10分钟 词数：80词左右
要求：使用本课短语、语法、衔接词；叙事清晰，语言客观通顺。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
四、拓展句子仿写
仿照句型：Struck by..., sb./sth. ...
仿写：________________________________________
仿照句型：...has caused great damage to...
仿写：________________________________________
仿照句型：Luckily, people take action to...
仿写：________________________________________
仿照句型：It takes time to bring...back to life
仿写：________________________________________
参考答案 & 参考例句
一、核心重点短语 仿写参考例句
be affected by — Many crops are affected by the heavy rain.
cause great damage — The strong wind caused great damage to the trees.
in ruins — Many old houses fell in ruins after the storm.
take action — We must take action to protect people in danger.
in need — We should give a hand to anyone in need.
bring back — We are trying our best to bring the town back to life.
suffer from — Many local people suffer from natural disasters every year.
make a difference — Our small help can make a difference to disaster victims.
二、语法课堂小练习 参考答案
语法点1 过去分词作状语
Struck by the flood 2. Greatly damaged 3. Trapped by heavy snow
语法点2 现在完成时
has destroyed 2. have lost 3. have offered
语法点3 固定句型
bring people’s normal life back 2. rebuild the destroyed houses
三、综合实战 参考范文
A Terrible Storm Hits Our Town
A heavy storm suddenly hit our town last Sunday. It has caused great damage to local houses and roads. Many trees fell down and some buildings were badly affected.
Some streets were in ruins and several families lost their homes. Luckily, the local government took action right away. Volunteers came to offer food and clothes to people in need.
People are working hard to recover from the disaster. It takes time to bring the town back to life, but we believe everything will get better soon.
四、拓展句子仿写 参考例句
Struck by the heavy flood, the farm was badly damaged.
The big fire has caused great damage to the forest.
Luckily, people take action to save the injured.
It takes time to bring the disaster area back to life.
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