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知识过关第4讲 语法
Unit 1 一般过去时
核心用法：描述过去的动作、状态或习惯性行为。
时间标志：yesterday、last+时间、…ago、in+过去年份、just now、the other day
1. be动词过去式
变形：am/is→was；are→were
肯定句：主语 + was/were + 表语
例：I was tired yesterday.
否定句：主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 表语
例：We weren’t at school last Sunday.
一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 其他？
例：Was she happy just now — Yes, she was. / No, she wasn’t.
特殊疑问句：疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 其他？
例：Where were you the other day
2. 实义动词过去式
【 变形规则】
1. 一般词尾加-ed
例：work → worked
2. 不发音e结尾，直接加-d
例：live → lived
3. 辅音+y结尾，变y为i再加-ed
例：study → studied
4. 重读闭音节，双写尾辅音再加-ed
例：stop → stopped
不规则变化（识记）
go-went、eat-ate、see-saw、do-did
例：He went to Beijing last year.
【 句型】（否定/疑问用did，动词变回原形）
肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他
例：They played games an hour ago.
否定句：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他
例：She didn’t eat breakfast this morning.
一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？
例：Did you see him yesterday — Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
特殊疑问句：疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？
例：What did you do last night
Unit 2 不定代词（both/all/either/neither/none）
区分：数量+肯/否定，常搭配of+复数名词/代词，注意主谓一致
1. both 两者都（两者、肯定），谓语用复数
例：Both of us like reading.
2. all 全都（三者及以上），可数配复数谓语，不可数配单数谓语
例：All the students are here. All the bread is fresh.
3. either 两者任一（两者、肯定），谓语用单数
例：Either of the plans is OK.
4. neither 两者都不（两者、否定），谓语常用单数
例：Neither answer is correct.
5. none 三者及以上都不（三者+、否定），可回答how many/how much，谓语单复数均可
例：None of the pens work/works. — How many birds are there — None.
Unit 3 系动词
特点：不能单独作谓语，后接表语（形容词/名词/介词短语）
1. 感官系动词（共5个，后接形容词，无被动语态）
look 看起来、sound 听起来、smell 闻起来、taste 尝起来、feel 摸起来/感觉
例：The cake tastes delicious. Your voice sounds nice.
2. 变化类系动词（表状态改变）
become：身份、长久状态变化
例：My brother became a doctor.
get：天气、情绪、身体逐渐变化
例：It gets cold in winter.
turn：颜色、外观变化
例：Trees turn green in spring.
go：多指事物变差、变质
例：The milk went bad.
3. 保持类系动词
remain 保持、仍然，后接形容词/名词
例：The room remains clean every day.
Unit 4 祈使句
功能：表命令、请求、劝告、禁止等，逻辑主语为you，通常省略
1. 肯定形式：动词原形开头，可加please表委婉
例：Close the door. Please come in. Sit down, please.
2. 否定形式：Don’t + 动词原形；礼貌式：Please don’t + 动词原形
例：Don’t run fast. Please don’t shout.
3. Let句型：Let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
否定：Don’t let sb. do sth. / Let sb. not do sth.
例：Let me help you. Don’t let them fight.
Unit 5 形容词&副词 比较级、最高级
用法：原级（同等）、比较级（两者对比）、最高级（三者及以上对比）
一、变形规则
1. 单音节/部分双音节词
一般情况：加er/est
例：tall → taller → tallest
不发音e结尾：加r/st
例：nice → nicer → nicest
辅音+y结尾：变y为i，再加er/est
例：happy → happier → happiest
重读闭音节：双写尾辅音，再加er/est
例：big → bigger → biggest
2. 多音节/多数双音节词：前加more(比较级)、most(最高级)
例：beautiful → more beautiful → most beautiful
二、不规则变形（必背）
good/well→better→best
bad/badly→worse→worst
many/much→more→most
little→less→least
far→farther/further→farthest/furthest
例：This book is better than that one.
三、基础用法
1. 比较级：A + 比较级 + than + B；可用much/a little/even修饰
例：Lily is thinner than Lucy. She runs much faster than me.
2. 最高级：形容词前必须加the，副词前the可省略；常搭配in(地点)、of(群体)
例：He is the strongest boy in our class. She sings (the) best of all.
Unit 6 原级比较 as...as 结构
用于两者对比，两个as之间只能用单词原级
1. 肯定结构：as + 原级 + as （和……一样）
例：Tom is as tall as his father.
2. 否定结构：not as/so + 原级 + as （不如……，两种写法通用）
例：This story is not as interesting as that one. I don’t run so quickly as you.
1. She ______ at home yesterday evening.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
答案：B
解析：时间状语 yesterday evening（昨晚）是一般过去时标志。主语 she 是第三人称单数，be动词过去式统一用 was；are/were 用于复数或第二人称，is 是现在时，均排除。
2. My father ______ a new bike last week.
A. buy B. buys C. bought D. will buy
答案：C
解析：last week（上周）为过去时间，句子用一般过去时。实义动词 buy 的过去式为 bought；buy 是原形、buys 是三单形式（现在时）、will buy 是将来时，都不符合时态要求。
3. — How many pens are there in the box
— ______.
A. Both B. All C. Either D. None
答案：D
解析：how many 询问可数名词数量。none 表示三者及以上都不/一个也没有，专门用来回答此类数量问句；both（两者都）、either（两者任一）仅限两者范围，all（全部）表肯定，均不符合答句语义。
4. The flowers ______ sweet. I like them very much.
A. smell B. sound C. look D. feel
答案：A
解析：本题考查感官系动词。flowers（花）搭配的感官动作是“闻起来”，smell 闻起来；sound 听起来、look 看起来、feel 摸起来，均和花朵的特征不匹配。
5. ______ late for school, please. It’s not a good habit.
A. Not be B. Don’t be C. Be not D. Aren’t
答案：B
解析：祈使句否定结构为 Don’t + 动词原形。be late for 是固定短语“迟到”，因此用 Don’t be late；A、C、D 均不属于祈使句标准否定形式。
6. This apple is ______ than that one.
A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest
答案：B
解析：连词 than（比）是两者比较的标志，必须使用形容词/副词比较级。big 的比较级是 bigger；big 是原级，biggest 是最高级，全部排除。
7. Your room is ______ clean ______ mine. They look the same.
A. as; as B. so; as C. more; than D. less; than
答案：A
解析：后半句 “They look the same”（看起来一样）说明两者程度相同，用原级比较肯定结构 as + 原级 + as（和……一样）；so…as 仅用于否定句，C、D 为比较级结构，不符合题意。
8. Both of my sisters ______ interested in drawing.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
答案：C
解析：both 指代两者都，“both of + 复数名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式，因此选 are；is 为单数，am 主语仅限 I，be 为原形，均错误。
9. The weather ______ colder and colder in late autumn.
A. becomes B. turns C. goes D. looks
答案：A
解析：变化类系动词辨析。become 侧重天气、状态逐渐变化，适合本句“天气越来越冷”；turn 多指颜色改变，go 多表示事物变坏、变质，look 是感官动词“看起来”，均不搭配天气渐变。主语 weather 为单数，动词用三单形式 becomes。
10. — Did you ______ your homework last night
— Yes, I did.
A. does B. do C. did D. doing
答案：B
解析：一般过去时的一般疑问句，由助动词 Did 引导，后面的实义动词必须使用原形。do one’s homework 为固定搭配“做作业”，因此选动词原形 do。
11. ______ of the two girls can swim. They can’t swim at all.
A. Both B. All C. Neither D. None
答案：C
解析：范围限定 the two girls（两个女孩），后半句 “They can’t swim at all” 表完全否定。neither 表示“两者都不”；both 两者都（肯定），all、none 用于三者及以上，全部排除。
12. Let’s ______ games together after class.
A. play B. to play C. playing D. plays
答案：A
解析：Let 型祈使句固定结构 Let sb. do sth.（让某人做某事），let’s = let us，后面必须接动词原形，因此选 play。
13. This story is not ______ interesting ______ the one you told me.
A. as; so B. so; as C. more; as D. less; than
答案：B
解析：本句表两者程度不同，使用原级比较否定结构 not so + 原级 + as 或 not as + 原级 + as，意为“不如……”。只有 B 选项结构正确。
14. — Where ______ you just now
— I was in the library.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
答案：C
解析：just now（刚才）是一般过去时标志。主语为 you，对应的 be 动词过去式是 were；was 搭配一/三单主语，are/is 为现在时，均排除。
15. Among all the students, Jack writes ______.
A. careful B. more careful C. most carefully D. carefully
答案：C
解析：among all the students（在所有学生中）表示三者及以上范围，要用最高级。句中动词 writes 需用副词修饰，carefully 是副词，其最高级为 most carefully。
16. The little girl ______ a singer when she grew up.
A. become B. became C. becomes D. becoming
答案：B
解析：从句 when she grew up（当她长大后）中 grew 是 grow 的过去式，说明整句为一般过去时，主句动词也要用过去式。become 的过去式是 became。
17. You can take ______ of the two books. Both are useful.
A. either B. neither C. none D. all
答案：A
解析：范围 the two books（两本书），后半句表示两本书都有用，句意是“你可以拿两本中的任意一本”。either 指“两者中的任意一个”；neither（两者都不）、none（三者及以上都不）、all（三者及以上全部）均不符合。
18. The meat ______ bad. Don’t eat it.
A. looks B. sounds C. goes D. tastes
答案：D
解析：固定搭配 go bad / taste bad 都可表示“变质、变坏”。主语是 meat（肉），结合生活常识，判断肉变质依靠“品尝”，因此用感官系动词 tastes（尝起来）；sound 听起来明显不符合语境。
19. Tom runs ______ than his brother.
A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest
答案：B
解析：than 提示两者对比，使用副词比较级。fast 的比较级为 faster；fast 是原级，fastest 是最高级，均排除。
20. All the water in the bottle ______ clean. We can drink it.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
答案：A
解析：water（水）是不可数名词，all 修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；本句描述现在的状态，用一般现在时，因此选 is。
/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
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答案第1页，共2页/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
知识过关第4讲 语法
Unit 1 一般过去时
核心用法：描述过去的动作、状态或习惯性行为。
时间标志：yesterday、last+时间、…ago、in+过去年份、just now、the other day
1. be动词过去式
变形：am/is→was；are→were
肯定句：主语 + was/were + 表语
例：I was tired yesterday.
否定句：主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 表语
例：We weren’t at school last Sunday.
一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 其他？
例：Was she happy just now — Yes, she was. / No, she wasn’t.
特殊疑问句：疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 其他？
例：Where were you the other day
2. 实义动词过去式
【 变形规则】
1. 一般词尾加-ed
例：work → worked
2. 不发音e结尾，直接加-d
例：live → lived
3. 辅音+y结尾，变y为i再加-ed
例：study → studied
4. 重读闭音节，双写尾辅音再加-ed
例：stop → stopped
不规则变化（识记）
go-went、eat-ate、see-saw、do-did
例：He went to Beijing last year.
【 句型】（否定/疑问用did，动词变回原形）
肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他
例：They played games an hour ago.
否定句：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他
例：She didn’t eat breakfast this morning.
一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？
例：Did you see him yesterday — Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
特殊疑问句：疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？
例：What did you do last night
Unit 2 不定代词（both/all/either/neither/none）
区分：数量+肯/否定，常搭配of+复数名词/代词，注意主谓一致
1. both 两者都（两者、肯定），谓语用复数
例：Both of us like reading.
2. all 全都（三者及以上），可数配复数谓语，不可数配单数谓语
例：All the students are here. All the bread is fresh.
3. either 两者任一（两者、肯定），谓语用单数
例：Either of the plans is OK.
4. neither 两者都不（两者、否定），谓语常用单数
例：Neither answer is correct.
5. none 三者及以上都不（三者+、否定），可回答how many/how much，谓语单复数均可
例：None of the pens work/works. — How many birds are there — None.
Unit 3 系动词
特点：不能单独作谓语，后接表语（形容词/名词/介词短语）
1. 感官系动词（共5个，后接形容词，无被动语态）
look 看起来、sound 听起来、smell 闻起来、taste 尝起来、feel 摸起来/感觉
例：The cake tastes delicious. Your voice sounds nice.
2. 变化类系动词（表状态改变）
become：身份、长久状态变化
例：My brother became a doctor.
get：天气、情绪、身体逐渐变化
例：It gets cold in winter.
turn：颜色、外观变化
例：Trees turn green in spring.
go：多指事物变差、变质
例：The milk went bad.
3. 保持类系动词
remain 保持、仍然，后接形容词/名词
例：The room remains clean every day.
Unit 4 祈使句
功能：表命令、请求、劝告、禁止等，逻辑主语为you，通常省略
1. 肯定形式：动词原形开头，可加please表委婉
例：Close the door. Please come in. Sit down, please.
2. 否定形式：Don’t + 动词原形；礼貌式：Please don’t + 动词原形
例：Don’t run fast. Please don’t shout.
3. Let句型：Let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
否定：Don’t let sb. do sth. / Let sb. not do sth.
例：Let me help you. Don’t let them fight.
Unit 5 形容词&副词 比较级、最高级
用法：原级（同等）、比较级（两者对比）、最高级（三者及以上对比）
一、变形规则
1. 单音节/部分双音节词
一般情况：加er/est
例：tall → taller → tallest
不发音e结尾：加r/st
例：nice → nicer → nicest
辅音+y结尾：变y为i，再加er/est
例：happy → happier → happiest
重读闭音节：双写尾辅音，再加er/est
例：big → bigger → biggest
2. 多音节/多数双音节词：前加more(比较级)、most(最高级)
例：beautiful → more beautiful → most beautiful
二、不规则变形（必背）
good/well→better→best
bad/badly→worse→worst
many/much→more→most
little→less→least
far→farther/further→farthest/furthest
例：This book is better than that one.
三、基础用法
1. 比较级：A + 比较级 + than + B；可用much/a little/even修饰
例：Lily is thinner than Lucy. She runs much faster than me.
2. 最高级：形容词前必须加the，副词前the可省略；常搭配in(地点)、of(群体)
例：He is the strongest boy in our class. She sings (the) best of all.
Unit 6 原级比较 as...as 结构
用于两者对比，两个as之间只能用单词原级
1. 肯定结构：as + 原级 + as （和……一样）
例：Tom is as tall as his father.
2. 否定结构：not as/so + 原级 + as （不如……，两种写法通用）
例：This story is not as interesting as that one. I don’t run so quickly as you.
1. She ______ at home yesterday evening.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
2. My father ______ a new bike last week.
A. buy B. buys C. bought D. will buy
3. — How many pens are there in the box
— ______.
A. Both B. All C. Either D. None
4. The flowers ______ sweet. I like them very much.
A. smell B. sound C. look D. feel
5. ______ late for school, please. It’s not a good habit.
A. Not be B. Don’t be C. Be not D. Aren’t
6. This apple is ______ than that one.
A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest
7. Your room is ______ clean ______ mine. They look the same.
A. as; as B. so; as C. more; than D. less; than
8. Both of my sisters ______ interested in drawing.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
9. The weather ______ colder and colder in late autumn.
A. becomes B. turns C. goes D. looks
10. — Did you ______ your homework last night
— Yes, I did.
A. does B. do C. did D. doing
11. ______ of the two girls can swim. They can’t swim at all.
A. Both B. All C. Neither D. None
12. Let’s ______ games together after class.
A. play B. to play C. playing D. plays
13. This story is not ______ interesting ______ the one you told me.
A. as; so B. so; as C. more; as D. less; than
14. — Where ______ you just now — I was in the library.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
15. Among all the students, Jack writes ______.
A. careful B. more careful C. most carefully D. carefully
16. The little girl ______ a singer when she grew up.
A. become B. became C. becomes D. becoming
17. You can take ______ of the two books. Both are useful.
A. either B. neither C. none D. all
18. The meat ______ bad. Don’t eat it.
A. looks B. sounds C. goes D. tastes
19. Tom runs ______ than his brother.
A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest
20. All the water in the bottle ______ clean. We can drink it.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
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