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Unit 8 A green world
八年级
译林版2024
下
课文解析一
1.What can we do to reduceair pollution 我们可以做什么来减少空气污染
[用法讲解]reduce为动词，译为"减少".
Eg: We need to reduce our expenses this month.
这个月我们需要减少开支。
[常见搭配]reduce to...减少到...(后接目标结果)
reduce by...减少...(后接变化量)
reduce ...to doing sth.被迫采取某种行为
reduce sb./ sth. to a state使某人/某物陷入某种状态
Eg: The staff was reduced to 50 employees.
员工数量缩减至50人。
Sales reduced by 15% last quarter.
上季度销售额减少了15%.
Thedrought reduced farmers to begging.
旱灾迫使农民乞讨。
The fire reduced the building to ashes.
大火将建筑物烧成灰烬。
[即学即用]
( )Reduce the number of employees_____half of the original.
A.to B.by C.with D.of
A
2.We can also ride a bike if we live close.如果我们住得近我们也可以骑自行车。
[用法讲解]ride为动词时，译为"骑，驾驶，搭乘"，其过去式为rode;ride也可作名词，译为"(乘车，骑马等的)短途旅程".
Eg: I like to ride my bike to work every day.
我喜欢每天骑自行车上班。
Can you give me a ride to the market
你能让我搭车去市场吗
[常见搭配]ride a bike/horse骑车/马
go for a ride去兜风
give sb.a ride 让某人搭车
Eg: Let's go for a ride.
让我们去兜风吧。
close为形容词，译为"密切的，亲密的";close也可为副词，译为"靠近，接近";close也可为动词，译为"关，关闭".
Eg: They sat close together.
他们亲密地靠在一起。
Millie is a close friend of mine.
米勒是我的一个亲密的朋友。
Please close the door.
请关门。
[常见搭配]be close to...靠近...；接近...
close down关闭
Eg: The store is close to my house.
这家商店离我家很近。
The factory closed down last year.
这个工厂去年关闭了。
[即学即用]
1.我爸爸教会了我骑自行车。
My father taught me how to________________.
( )2.My school________the park.
A.close to B. is closed to
C.isclose to D. is close on
ride a bike
C
3.In fact, Switzerland has one of the highest levels of waste recycling in the world .. it successfully recycles more than 50% of its total waste.事实上，瑞士是世界上废弃物回收水平最高的国家之一，它有成效地回收了其总废弃物的50%以上。
[用法讲解]waste在此处为名词，译为"废物，垃圾，浪费"等；waste也可为动词，译为"浪费，挥霍，滥用".
Eg: Please throw the waste in the recycling bin.
请把废物扔进回收箱。
I wasted my time on that project.
我在哪个项目上浪费了时间。
[常见搭配]waste time/money on sb./ sth.在某人/某物上浪费时间/金钱
waste time/money(in) doing sth.浪费时间/金钱做某事
a waste of time浪费时间
Eg: She wasted a lot of money on clothes.
她在衣服上浪费了很多钱。
Tom never wastes too much time playing computer games.
汤姆从不在玩电脑游戏上浪费太多时间。
It's a waste of time talking to him.
和他谈话事浪费时间。
[即学即用]
They wasted a whole day_________(try) to fix the computer.
trying
4.There are strict rules about how many trees people are allowed to cut down as well as laws to control air and water pollution.关于允许人们砍多少棵树有严格的法律，对于控制空气和水污染也有法律规定。
[用法讲解]allow为动词，译为"允许，容许，准许".
[常见搭配]be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事
allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事
allow doing sth.允许做某事
allow for考虑到，体谅
Eg: She is allowed to watch TV after school.
她放学后被允许看电视。
Please allow me to carry your bag.
请允许我替你拿包。
They allowed smoking in this room only.
他们只允许在这间屋子里吸烟。
We should allow for every possible delay.
我们考虑到任何可能的延误。
[即学即用]
( )Passengers are not allowed ________ on the plane.
A.smoke B.smoking
C.to smoke D. to smoking
C
5.These new types of energy will never run out. 这些新型的能源永远不会枯竭。
[用法讲解]energy为名词，译为"能量，能源，精力".
Eg: The solar panels generate energy from sunlight.
太阳能电池板利用阳光产生能量。
She devoted all her energy to caring for the sick children.
她将所有精力投入到照顾生病的孩子上。
[常见搭配]be full of energy精力充沛
Eg: He's always full of energy and very energetic.
他总是精力充沛，非常有活力。
[派生词]energetic为形容词，译为"精力充沛的，充满活力的".
Eg: She has a very energetic personality.
她个性充满活力。
The dance routinewasfastpaced and energetic.
这段舞蹈动作节奏快且充满力量。
[即学即用]
篮球运动员们在球场上精力充沛。
The basketball players_______________on the court.
are full of energy
6.Apart from glass, plastic and paper, what else is recycled in Switzerland
除了玻璃，塑料和纸，在瑞士还有哪些被回收
[用法讲解]apart from在此处译为"除了...以外/还"；还可译为"与...分开，不同于";apart from与否定句连用，强调唯一性，表示"只有...".
Eg: Apart form the weather, everything was perfect.
除了天气，其他一切都很完美。
Apart from English, she speaks French fluently.
除了英语，她还会说法语。
He lives apart from his family.
他和家人分开住。
There was nothing apart from a single chair in the room.
房间里除了一把椅子什么都没有。
[即学即用]
除了约翰，没人知道答案。
_____________John, no one knew the answer.
Apart from
7.People have to separate their rubbish so it can be dealt with differently.
人们必须把垃圾分开，以便以不同的方式处理。
[用法讲解] deal作动词，可译为"分配，经营，对付";deal还可为名词，译为"交易，协议".
Eg:Theyreached a deal after long negotiations.
经过长时间的谈判，他们达成了协议。
He has to deal with a lot of paper work every day.
他每天都要处理大量的文件工作。
The teacher dealt the cards to the students.
老师把牌分给了学生们。
She deals in antiques.
她经营古董生意。
[常见搭配]make a deal达成协议
a good deal优惠，划算
deal with处理=do with
注意：deal with为动词短语，表示处理，应对或解决某种问题或情况，常与疑问词how连用；其同义词组为do with,deal with与疑问词what连用。
Eg: They made a deal to share the profits equally.
他们达成了一项协议，平分利润。
I got a good deal on this car.
我买这辆车很划算。
How are you going to deal with these books
= What are you going to do with these books
你打算怎么处理这些书
[即学即用]
1.朋友给了他极大的鼓励。
Friends gave him _______________encouragement.
2.我不知道如何处理这辆车
I don't know how to___________ the car.
a great deal of
deal with
8.And the number of cars on the road is controlled by the local traffic rules.
道路上汽车数量由当地交通规则控制。
[用法讲解]number为名词，译为"号码，数字，数量";number也可为动词，译为"编号，计算".
Eg:What's your number
你号码是多少
Number the pages in the book.
给这本书的每一页编号。
Please number the total people.
请统计一下总人数。
[常见搭配]"a number of+可数名词复数"译为"许多..."，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；
"the number of+可数名词复数"译为"...的数量"，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Eg: A number of students in thisschool are from England.
这所学校许多学生来在英国。
Thenumber of students in this school is 2000.
这所学校的学生数量是2000.
[即学即用]
( ) ____sheep _____ eating grass on the hill.
A.The number of; is B. The number of;are
C. A number of; is D. A number of; are
D
9.A recycling event is going to be held at our school.我们学校将举行一次回收活动。
[用法讲解]hold为动词时，还可译为"抓住，保持，支撑，举办，控制，坚持住";
Eg: He held his father's hand.
他牵着爸爸的手。
hold one's breath
屏住呼吸
hold the weight
承受重量
Our school will hold a competition next week.
我们学校下周将举办比赛。
hold back tears
忍住眼泪
[常见搭配]hold off推迟，拒绝
hold up延迟，举起，支撑得主
Eg: Could you hold off your decision until next week
你可以推迟到下星期再做决定吗
Those who are in favor please hold up their hands.
如果赞成，就请举手。
You got to hold up my end of this deal!
你开始支撑我结束交易!
[即学即用]
( )Could you________ your decision until next week
A.hold off B. hold up C.hold on D. hold to
A
10.harmful gases in the air make people ill 空气中有害气体让人生病
[用法讲解]harmful为形容词，译为"有害的".
Eg: Harmful chemicals were released into the air.
有害化学物质被释放到空气中。
[常见搭配] be harmful to do sth.对...有害
It is harmful to do sth.做某事是有害的
Eg: Smoking is harmful to your health.
吸烟对你的健康有害。
It is harmful to drink too much alcohol.
喝太多的酒有害。
[派生词]harm为名词，译为"伤害";harm也可为动词，译为"对..有害".
Eg:Hard work never did anyone any harm.
努力工作对任何人都绝无害处。
[即学即用]
1.躺在床上看书对你的眼睛是有害的。
Reading bed will_____________your eyes.
2.Tears help to protect the eye from potentially________(harm) foreign bodies.
do harm to
harmful
Thanks!
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Unit 8 A green world 课文解析一
1.What can we do to reduce air pollution 我们可以做什么来减少空气污染
[用法讲解] reduce为动词，译为"减少".
Eg: We need to reduce our expenses this month.
这个月我们需要减少开支。
[常见搭配] reduce to... 减少到...(后接目标结果)
reduce by...减少...(后接变化量)
reduce ...to doing sth.被迫采取某种行为
reduce sb./ sth. to a state使某人/某物陷入某种状态
Eg: The staff was reduced to 50 employees.
员工数量缩减至50人。
Sales reduced by 15% last quarter.
上季度销售额减少了15%.
The drought reduced farmers to begging.
旱灾迫使农民乞讨。
The fire reduced the building to ashes.
大火将建筑物烧成灰烬。
[即学即用]
( )Reduce the number of employees_____half of the original.
A.to B.by C.with D.of
答案：A
2.We can also ride a bike if we live close.如果我们住得近我们也可以骑自行车。
[用法讲解]ride为动词时，译为"骑，驾驶，搭乘"，其过去式为rode;ride也可作名词，译为"(乘车，骑马等的)短途旅程".
Eg: I like to ride my bike to work every day.
我喜欢每天骑自行车上班。
Can you give me a ride to the market
你能让我搭车去市场吗
[常见搭配] ride a bike/horse 骑车/马
go for a ride 去兜风
give sb.a ride 让某人搭车
Eg: Let's go for a ride.
让我们去兜风吧。
close为形容词，译为"密切的，亲密的";close也可为副词，译为"靠近，接近";close也可为动词，译为"关，关闭".
Eg: They sat close together.
他们亲密地靠在一起。
Millie is a close friend of mine.
米勒是我的一个亲密的朋友。
Please close the door.
请关门。
[常见搭配] be close to... 靠近...；接近...
close down 关闭
Eg: The store is close to my house.
这家商店离我家很近。
The factory closed down last year.
这个工厂去年关闭了。
[即学即用]
1.我爸爸教会了我骑自行车。
My father taught me how to________________.
( )2.My school________the park.
A.close to B. is closed to
C.is close to D. is close on
答案：1.ride a bike 2.C
3.In fact, Switzerland has one of the highest levels of waste recycling in the world .. it successfully recycles more than 50% of its total waste.事实上，瑞士是世界上废弃物回收水平最高的国家之一，它有成效地回收了其总废弃物的50%以上。
[用法讲解] waste在此处为名词，译为"废物，垃圾，浪费"等；waste也可为动词，译为"浪费，挥霍，滥用".
Eg: Please throw the waste in the recycling bin.
请把废物扔进回收箱。
I wasted my time on that project.
我在哪个项目上浪费了时间。
[常见搭配] waste time/money on sb./ sth. 在某人/某物上浪费时间/金钱
waste time/money(in) doing sth.浪费时间/金钱做某事
a waste of time 浪费时间
Eg: She wasted a lot of money on clothes.
她在衣服上浪费了很多钱。
Tom never wastes too much time playing computer games.
汤姆从不在玩电脑游戏上浪费太多时间。
It's a waste of time talking to him.
和他谈话事浪费时间。
[即学即用]
They wasted a whole day_________(try) to fix the computer.
答案：trying
4.There are strict rules about how many trees people are allowed to cut down as well as laws to control air and water pollution.关于允许人们砍多少棵树有严格的法律，对于控制空气和水污染也有法律规定。
[用法讲解] allow为动词，译为"允许，容许，准许".
[常见搭配] be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
allow doing sth. 允许做某事
allow for 考虑到，体谅
Eg: She is allowed to watch TV after school.
她放学后被允许看电视。
Please allow me to carry your bag.
请允许我替你拿包。
They allowed smoking in this room only.
他们只允许在这间屋子里吸烟。
We should allow for every possible delay.
我们考虑到任何可能的延误。
[即学即用]
( )Passengers are not allowed ________ on the plane.
A.smoke B.smoking
C.to smoke D. to smoking
答案：C
5.These new types of energy will never run out. 这些新型的能源永远不会枯竭。
[用法讲解]energy为名词，译为"能量，能源，精力".
Eg: The solar panels generate energy from sunlight.
太阳能电池板利用阳光产生能量。
She devoted all her energy to caring for the sick children.
她将所有精力投入到照顾生病的孩子上。
[常见搭配]be full of energy 精力充沛
Eg: He's always full of energy and very energetic.
他总是精力充沛，非常有活力。
[派生词]energetic为形容词，译为"精力充沛的，充满活力的".
Eg: She has a very energetic personality.
她个性充满活力。
The dance routine was fast paced and energetic.
这段舞蹈动作节奏快且充满力量。
[即学即用]
篮球运动员们在球场上精力充沛。
The basketball players_______________on the court.
答案：are full of energy
6.Apart from glass, plastic and paper, what else is recycled in Switzerland
除了玻璃，塑料和纸，在瑞士还有哪些被回收
[用法讲解] apart from在此处译为"除了...以外/还"；还可译为"与...分开，不同于";apart from与否定句连用，强调唯一性，表示"只有...".
Eg: Apart form the weather, everything was perfect.
除了天气，其他一切都很完美。
Apart from English, she speaks French fluently.
除了英语，她还会说法语。
He lives apart from his family.
他和家人分开住。
There was nothing apart from a single chair in the room.
房间里除了一把椅子什么都没有。
[即学即用]
除了约翰，没人知道答案。
_____________John, no one knew the answer.
答案：Apart from
7.People have to separate their rubbish so it can be dealt with differently.
人们必须把垃圾分开，以便以不同的方式处理。
[用法讲解] deal作动词，可译为"分配，经营，对付";deal还可为名词，译为"交易，协议".
Eg:They reached a deal after long negotiations.
经过长时间的谈判，他们达成了协议。
He has to deal with a lot of paper work every day.
他每天都要处理大量的文件工作。
The teacher dealt the cards to the students.
老师把牌分给了学生们。
She deals in antiques.
她经营古董生意。
[常见搭配] make a deal 达成协议
a good deal 优惠，划算
deal with 处理=do with
注意：deal with为动词短语，表示处理，应对或解决某种问题或情况，常与疑问词how连用；其同义词组为do with,deal with与疑问词what连用。
Eg: They made a deal to share the profits equally.
他们达成了一项协议，平分利润。
I got a good deal on this car.
我买这辆车很划算。
How are you going to deal with these books
= What are you going to do with these books
你打算怎么处理这些书
[即学即用]
1.朋友给了他极大的鼓励。
Friends gave him _______________encouragement.
2.我不知道如何处理这辆车
I don't know how to___________ the car.
答案：1.a great deal of 2.deal with
8.And the number of cars on the road is controlled by the local traffic rules.
道路上汽车数量由当地交通规则控制。
[用法讲解]number为名词，译为"号码，数字，数量";number也可为动词，译为"编号，计算".
Eg:What's your number
你号码是多少
Number the pages in the book.
给这本书的每一页编号。
Please number the total people.
请统计一下总人数。
[常见搭配] "a number of+可数名词复数"译 为"许多..."，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；
"the number of+可数名词复数"译为"...的数量"，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Eg: A number of students in this school are from England.
这所学校许多学生来在英国。
The number of students in this school is 2000.
这所学校的学生数量是2000.
[即学即用]
( ) ____sheep _____ eating grass on the hill.
A.The number of; is B. The number of;are
C. A number of; is D. A number of; are
答案：D
9.A recycling event is going to be held at our school.我们学校将举行一次回收活动。
[用法讲解]hold为动词时，还可译为"抓住，保持，支撑，举办，控制，坚持住";
Eg: He held his father's hand.
他牵着爸爸的手。
hold one's breath
屏住呼吸
hold the weight
承受重量
Our school will hold a competition next week.
我们学校下周将举办比赛。
hold back tears
忍住眼泪
[常见搭配] hold off 推迟，拒绝
hold up 延迟，举起，支撑得主
Eg: Could you hold off your decision until next week
你可以推迟到下星期再做决定吗
Those who are in favor please hold up their hands.
如果赞成，就请举手。
You got to hold up my end of this deal!
你开始支撑我结束交易!
[即学即用]
( )Could you________ your decision until next week
A.hold off B. hold up C.hold on D. hold to
答案： A
10.harmful gases in the air make people ill 空气中有害气体让人生病
[用法讲解]harmful为形容词，译为"有害的".
Eg: Harmful chemicals were released into the air.
有害化学物质被释放到空气中。
[常见搭配] be harmful to do sth.对...有害
It is harmful to do sth. 做某事是有害的
Eg: Smoking is harmful to your health.
吸烟对你的健康有害。
It is harmful to drink too much alcohol.
喝太多的酒有害。
[派生词]harm为名词，译为"伤害";harm也可为动词，译为"对..有害".
Eg:Hard work never did anyone any harm.
努力工作对任何人都绝无害处。
[即学即用]
1.躺在床上看书对你的眼睛是有害的。
Reading bed will_____________your eyes.
2.Tears help to protect the eye from potentially________(harm) foreign bodies.
答案：1.do harm to 2.harmful
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