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题型过关第5讲 短文填空
一、通用做题三步法（两类填空都适用）
1. 通读全文，把握大意
不急于填空，快速读完整篇，明确文章时态（一般现在/过去/将来）、文体、人物和主线，整体语感优先。
2. 逐空分析，先易后难
先填有把握的简单空，借助已填内容反推难题；每空先判断词性，再确定单词和形式。
3. 复读检查，核对语法
全部填完后再通读一遍，检查拼写、变形、时态、单复数、主谓一致，读起来不通顺大概率出错。
二、题型一：用所给词适当形式填空（考语法为主）
解题四步流程
1. 标出所给单词，结合句子位置判断词性
2. 分析句子语法结构（时态、句式、固定搭配）
3. 变换单词形式
4. 代入通读验证
高频考点&解题技巧
1. 动词（考查最多）
时态判断：看时间标志词/上下文时态
一般现在：often, usually, always, every… → 主语三单→动词三单形式
一般过去：yesterday, last…, ago → 动词变过去式
现在进行：now, look, listen → be + 现在分词(doing)
非谓语动词（固定搭配）
like doing / enjoy doing / practice doing
want to do / decide to do / hope to do
情态动词（can/may/must/should）+ 动词原形
be动词后：常用 doing（进行）/ done（被动，初一少考）/ 形容词
2. 名词
单数变复数：前面有 many, some, several, a lot of, 数词（大于1）
名词所有格：表“……的”（人名/物品归属）
固定短语中的名词形式不变。
3. 形容词 & 副词
形容词：修饰名词，放在名词前 / be动词后
副词：修饰动词、形容词、整句话，常在句末/动词后
比较级：出现 than, much, a little → 变比较级
4. 代词
主格(I/you/he)：作主语（句子开头）
宾格(me/him/her)：作宾语（动词/介词后）
形容词性物主代词(my/your/his)：后接名词
5. 介词/冠词（少量考查）
a/an + 单数名词；固定介词搭配（in/on/at/with 等）
小口诀
先定时态再变形，三单过去分清；
名看单复形看级，代词主宾要分明。
三、题型二：首字母提示填空（考词汇+语境+搭配）
难度更高，既要认单词，又要懂语境、语法。
解题四步流程
1. 读全文，定时态、主题
2. 读空格前后句子，猜句意
3. 结合首字母 + 句意，锁定单词
4. 判断词性，变换正确形式
核心解题技巧
1. 利用上下文逻辑猜词
并列：and, also → 前后词义、词性相近
转折：but, however → 前后意思相反
因果：so, because → 理清逻辑再选词
2. 借助固定搭配/句型
初一大量考课本固定短语，看到搭配直接锁定单词。
例：be good at；look for；take care of
3. 词性+形式变形（重中之重）
选出单词后，必须变形，规则同上：
名词 → 单复数
动词 → 时态、三单、ing、过去式
形容词/副词 → 比较级
4. 优先课内单词
考题单词基本来自初一课本，不要想生僻词。
典型思路示例
例：He likes p_____ basketball after school.
解析：like doing 固定搭配，basketball 篮球 → play → 填 playing
四、通用高频失分点（必看）
1. 只写单词，忘记变形（最常扣分）
记住：短文填空90% 的空都需要变形，极少用原形。
2. 时态混乱
全文统一时态，不要前一句过去式、后一句现在式。
3. 单复数忽略
可数名词前面有数量词，一定要变复数。
4. 大小写错误
句首单词、人名、地名首字母必须大写。
5. 脱离语境，硬套首字母
单词拼写对，但句意不通，依旧算错。
6. 固定搭配记混
平时积累课本短语，是首字母填空的关键。
（2025七年级下·黑龙江鹤岗·期末）根据内容填写所缺单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空，使语篇意思完整。
Mike is a 15-year-old high school student. He has a lot of bad 1 (habit). He enjoys 2 (use) the internet for fun at night. And he usually stays up late. When he feels 3 (sleep), he drinks some coffee. So he goes to bed late. He usually gets up late the next morning 4 arrives at school late. He always eats junk food like hamburgers. And he hardly ever exercises. His father often 5 (encourage) him, but he doesn’t do so. These habits are not good for his body or his mind. He often feels tired and sometimes he can’t think 6 (quick). His health is poor. He is 7 (worry) about it and decides 8 (do) something different. “I’ll try not to spend too much time on 9 computer,” he says. “I will join two sports teams to exercise. And I will try to eat healthy food. ”
People say ‘Old habits die hard’, but I must make mine die. And I am sure good life must belong 10 me.
【答案】
1．habits 2．using 3．sleepy 4．and 5．encourages 6．quickly 7．worried 8．to do 9．the 10．to
【导语】本文讲述了15岁高中生Mike有很多不良生活习惯，这些习惯影响了他的身心健康，最终他下定决心做出改变，培养健康生活方式的故事。
【详解】1．句意：他有很多坏习惯。a lot of后接可数名词复数形式，habit的复数为habits。
2．句意：他喜欢晚上上网娱乐。“enjoy doing sth.”为固定搭配，意为“喜欢做某事”，use的动名词形式为using。
3．句意：当他感到困倦时，他会喝一些咖啡。feel是系动词，后接形容词作表语，sleep的形容词形式sleepy意为“困倦的、想睡觉的”，符合语境。
4．句意：他通常第二天早上起床晚，并且上学迟到。此处连接两个并列的谓语动词短语gets up late和arrives at school late，表达顺承关系，用并列连词and。
5．句意：他的爸爸经常鼓励他，但他并不照做。句子描述经常性的动作，用一般现在时，主语His father是第三人称单数，谓语动词encourage用第三人称单数形式encourages。
6．句意：他经常感到疲惫，有时不能快速思考。修饰动词think需用副词作状语，quick的副词形式为quickly。
7．句意：他对此很担心，并且决定做一些不同的事情。“be worried about”为固定搭配，意为“担心……”，worry 的形容词形式为worried。
8．句意：他对此很担心，并且决定做一些不同的事情。“decide to do sth.”为固定搭配，意为“决定做某事”，用动词不定式to do。
9．句意：我会尽量不在电脑上花太多时间。“on the computer”为固定搭配，意为“在电脑上”，此处用定冠词the表示特指。
10．句意：并且我确信美好的生活一定属于我。“belong to”为固定搭配，意为“属于”，用介词to。
（2025七年级下·江苏南京·期末）Anna wasn’t sure what to expect on Monday. A new student, Leo, had joined the class. He looked 11 (friend) and stayed away from others. Some students talked quietly about him, but Anna didn’t pay much attention. During P.E., a boy suddenly fell while running. He sat on the ground, crying 12 (pathetic). He had some 13 (injure) on his leg, and the teacher called for 14 (medicine) help. The class were 15 (terrify). While the others stood watching, Leo rushed over to help. He spoke gently to calm the boy down. His 16 (hero) actions won the teacher’s praise. “It is 17 (nature) to have accidents from time to time in life,” the teacher said, “but staying calm and helping others is what matters.”
Later, Anna saw Leo drawing in his notebook. She walked over and talked to him. “Hi, I’m Anna,” she said. “Your drawing looks really 18 (attract).” Leo looked up and smiled. “Thanks. I’m Leo.” He was quiet, but seemed kind. Later, Anna told her mom what had happened. That sounds like an important step in the 19 (develop) of your friendship, “her mom said. Anna smiled, then went to bed. She soon fell 20 (sleep).
【答案】
11．unfriendly 12．pathetically 13．injuries 14．medical 15．terrified 16．heroic 17．natural 18．attractive 19．development 20．asleep
【导语】本文讲述新同学利奥的故事。
11．句意：他看起来不友好，并且远离其他人。根据“stayed away from others”可知，说明此处觉得他不友好。friend的形容词unfriendly“不友好的”符合题意。故填unfriendly。
12．句意：他坐在地上，可怜地哭着。根据“crying”可知，修饰动词用副词，pathetic的副词形式是pathetically“可怜地”。故填pathetically。
13．句意：他的腿上有一些伤，老师呼叫了医疗救助。根据“some”可知，后跟可数名词复数或不可数名词；injure的名词形式injury，为可数名词。故填injuries。
14．句意：他的腿上有一些伤，老师呼叫了医疗救助。根据“help”可知，修饰名词用形容词，medicine的形容词形式是medical“医疗的”。故填medical。
15．句意：全班同学都很害怕。根据“were”可知，后需跟形容词作表语；修饰人用terrified“害怕的”。故填terrified。
16．句意：他的英勇行为赢得了老师的赞扬。根据“actions”可知，修饰名词用形容词，hero的形容词形式是heroic“英勇的”。故填heroic。
17．句意：“生活中偶尔发生意外是很自然的，”老师说，“但保持冷静和帮助他人才是重要的。”根据“It is”可知，后需跟形容词作表语；nature的形容词形式是natural“自然的”。故填natural。
18．句意：你的画看起来真的很有吸引力。根据“Your drawing looks really”可知，需用形容词作表语；attract的形容词形式是attractive“有吸引力的”。故填attractive。
19．句意：“那听起来像是你们友谊发展中的重要一步，”她的妈妈说。根据“in the”可知，“the+名词+of ...”为常用表达；develop的名词形式是development“发展”。故填development。
20．句意：她很快就睡着了。fall asleep“入睡”是固定短语。故填asleep。
（2025七年级下·北京西城·期末）阅读短文，根据短文内容，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Many people around the world love playing and watching sports. Table tennis is one of 21 (exciting) sports to play and watch. It’s fast, fun, and full of energy. The ball moves at a high speed, so players must watch 22 (careful) and move quickly to hit it. They need quick hands, sharp eyes, and smart moves to win each point. Many people enjoy 23 (watch) table tennis matches because they are full of action, surprise, and clever play. Whether you play it with your friends or watch big 24 (match) on TV, table tennis is always enjoyable. It brings people energy, friendship, and endless fun.
【答案】21．the most exciting 22．carefully 23．watching 24．matches
【导语】本文主要介绍了乒乓球是一项全球许多人喜爱的运动，阐述了它的速度快、有趣、充满活力的特点，以及无论是参与还是观看都能带来乐趣和积极影响 (如活力、友谊等)。
21．句意：乒乓球是最令人兴奋的运动之一，无论是参与其中还是观看比赛。分析句子结构可知，此处考查one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数“最……之一”，固定搭配；exciting是多音节形容词，其最高级形式为most exciting。故填the most exciting。
22．句意：乒乓球的球速很快，所以运动员必须仔细观察，快速移动才能击中球。分析句子结构可知，此处应用careful的副词形式carefully“小心地，仔细地”，在句中作状语，修饰动词“watch”。故填carefully。
23．句意：许多人喜欢观看乒乓球比赛，因为比赛中充满了精彩的对抗、意想不到的瞬间和巧妙的技巧。enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”，固定搭配，所以这里应用watch的动名词形式watching。故填watching。
24．句意：无论你是和朋友一起打乒乓球，还是在电视上看大型比赛，乒乓球总能带来乐趣。根据“watch big …”可知，此处是指观看大型比赛，其中match“比赛”为可数名词，此处应用其复数形式matches表泛指。故填matches。
（2025七年级下·广东广州·期末）根据短文的内容及首字母或音标提示写出文中所缺单词。
Once in a small town, people left their electrical devices on in empty rooms and kept TVs working all night. However, people 25 / v l kt/ the problem and always said, “Electricity never ends!”
One stormy evening, the power nearly died. Jack, a 13-year-old student showed the result of his science project. “We waste enough energy to power the school for a year!” he said. At first, people laughed. Then old Mr. Brown said, “We should use the energy w 26 , otherwise we will be in big trouble.” The laughter stopped. Everyone tried to give their a 27 . “Unplug electrical devices when not in use.” “Instead of watching TV, we can s 28 time on family activities like reading together…” Finally, they made a plan and decided to follow it. One month later, they 29 / t i:vd/ something amazing — they cut their power use in half. All the people felt p 30 because their small acts made a big difference.
【答案】25．overlooked 26．(w)isely 27．(a)dvice 28．(s)pend 29．achieved 30．(p)roud
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个小镇居民如何通过改变用电习惯，最终成功减少能源浪费的故事。
25．句意：然而，人们忽视了这个问题，总是说：“电永远不会用完！”根据音标提示可知英文表达为overlooked，意为“忽视”，动词；全文用一般过去时讲述故事，谓语动词用过去式。故填overlooked。
26．句意：我们应该明智地使用能源，否则我们将会陷入大麻烦。根据“We should use the energy..., otherwise we will be in big trouble.”和首字母w可知，为了节省能源，需要明智地使用能源，修饰动词“use”应用副词wisely“明智地”。故填(w)isely。
27．句意：每个人都试图给出他们的建议。根据下文“Unplug electrical devices when not in use.” “Instead of watching TV, we can...time on family activities like reading together…”可知，这是人们给的关于明智地使用能源的建议，不可数名词advice“建议”符合语境。故填(a)dvice。
28．句意：与其看电视，不如把时间花在家庭活动上，比如一起阅读……根据“we can...time on family activities”和首字母s可知，此处应用短语spend time on sth.“花时间在某事上”，表示花时间在家庭活动上；情态动词can后接动词原形。故填(s)pend。
29．句意：一个月后，他们取得了惊人的成果——将用电量减少了一半。根据音标提示可知英文表达为achieved，意为“实现，达到”，动词；全文用一般过去时讲述故事，谓语动词用过去式。故填achieved。
30．句意：所有人都感到自豪，因为他们的小举动带来了巨大的改变。根据“because their small acts made a big difference”和首字母p可知，他们的小举动带来了巨大的改变，应感到自豪，形容词proud“自豪的”符合语境，在句中作表语。故填(p)roud。
（2025七年级下·江苏南京·期末）请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
Have you ever read the novel Journey to the West The Monkey King got the golden cudgel (金箍棒) from the Dragon King of the Eastern Sea. Also, a son of the Dragon King of the Western Sea turned into Monk Tang’s white horse. It seems that the dragon is a great example of the p 31 of super nature in China.
Do you w 32 where it came from It begins with the Yangshao Culture, which started around 5,500 to 7,000 years ago. That’s when people first made d 33 of dragons. Ancient Chinese emperors loved dragons and covered their clothes w 34 pictures of dragons. They are p 35 to call ourselves “the descendants (传人) of the dragon”. There are also many old Chinese sayings about the dragon. For example, one saying refers to a story about Lord Ye, who liked dragons very much, and had dragon decorations (装饰) all over his house. His love of dragons became so well-known that one day a r 36 dragon paid a visit. At the first sight of the dragon, Lord Ye r 37 away in fear.
While Chinese people r 38 the dragon and see it as a holy (神圣的) animal, people in Western countries think differently about dragons. In Chinese fantasy stories, all the weather c 39 depend on the Dragon King. However, in the West, there is a bad dragon. It doesn’t bring rain to help people. Instead, it breathes fire to burn down the country. As a result, there is always a super hero standing out and s 40 the whole world finally.
Anyway, the dragon, as a powerful symbol in cultures, reflects the values, imagination, and spiritual beliefs of the people all over the world.
【答案】
31．(p)ower 32．(w)onder 33．(d)rawings 34．(w)ith 35．(p)roud 36．(r)eal 37．(r)an 38．(r)espect 39．(c)hanges 40．(s)aving
【导语】本文主要讲述了龙在中国和西方文化中的不同象征意义和文化内涵。
31．句意：龙似乎是中国超自然力量的一个很好的例子。根据“the dragon is a great example of the...of super nature”可知，此处指龙是超自然力量的一个例子，power“力量”，the power of“……的力量”，故填(p)ower。
32．句意：你知道它从哪里来的吗？根据“where it came from”可知，此处是询问是否知道龙从哪里来的，wonder“想知道”，助动词do后用动词原形，故填(w)onder。
33．句意：那就是人们第一次画出龙。根据“made...of dragons”可知，此处指画出龙，drawing“绘画”，复数表泛指。故填(d)rawings。
34．句意：中国古代皇帝喜欢龙，他们的衣服上绣满了龙的图案。根据“covered their clothes...pictures of dragons”可知，此处指衣服上绣满了龙的图案，with“带有”，故填(w)ith。
35．句意：他们自豪地称自己为“龙的传人”。根据“call ourselves ‘the descendants (传人) of the dragon’”可知，此处指自豪地称自己为“龙的传人”，proud“自豪的”，故填(p)roud。
36．句意：叶公对龙的爱是如此出名，以至于有一天一条真龙来拜访他。根据“Lord Ye, who liked dragons very much”以及“His love of dragons became so well-known that one day a...dragon paid a visit”可知，叶公非常喜欢龙，所以有一天一条真龙来拜访他，real“真的”，形容词作定语，故填(r)eal。
37．句意：叶公一看到龙，就吓得跑开了。根据“At the first sight of the dragon, Lord Ye...away in fear”可知，此处指叶公吓得跑开了，run away“跑开”，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填(r)an。
38．句意：中国人尊敬龙，把它视为一种神圣的动物，而西方国家的人对龙的看法则不同。根据“see it as a holy (神圣的) animal”可知，此处指中国人尊敬龙，respect“尊敬”，时态是一般现在时，主语是people，动词用原形，故填(r)espect。
39．句意：在中国神话故事中，所有的天气变化都取决于龙王。根据“all the weather...depend on the Dragon King”可知，此处指天气变化取决于龙王，change“变化”，此处用名词复数表示泛指，故填(c)hanges。
40．句意：因此，总是有一位超级英雄脱颖而出，最终拯救了整个世界。根据“standing out and...the whole world finally”可知，此处指超级英雄拯救世界，save“拯救”，此处与standing是并列关系，所以用现在分词形式，故填(s)aving。
（2025七年级下·江苏苏州·期末）A 68-year-old woman from Shandong Province now teaches crocheting (钩针编织) both online and offline. She has been making crochet artworks 41 about 50 years.
“It often 42 (take) me one week to finish a crochet artwork, 43 I never feel tired of it,” the old woman said.
There are different 44 (kind) of colorful works in the old woman’s workshop. As we all know, they are beautiful. Some of them are traditional and some of them are fashionable (时尚的). They can be used as decorations (装饰品) for homes or as toys for 45 (child).
The old woman is warm-hearted. In 46 (she) free time, she teaches women in the village 47 (careful) to make crochet artworks.
The old woman has 48 shop of her own. Last month, more than 30,000 people 49 (buy) her works online. Now she is 50 (do) her best to develop some new works.
【答案】
41．for 42．takes 43．but 44．kinds 45．children 46．her 47．carefully 48．a 49．bought 50．doing
【导语】本文主要讲述了一位来自山东省的68岁妇女现在在线上和线下教授钩针编织的故事。
41．句意：她从事钩针艺术创作已有50年了。结合“She has been making crochet artworks…about 50 years”及语境可知，此处指她已经从事艺术创作50年了，应用介词for表示时间段的长度。故填for。
42．句意：“我经常需要一个星期才能完成一件钩针艺术品，但我从不感到厌倦，”老妇人说。take“花费”，动词。分析题干，该句考查“it takes/took sb.+时间 to do sth.”，表示“做某事需要花费某人多长时间”，再结合often可知，该句时态为一般现在时，it为第三人称单数形式，应用其对应的动词三单形式作谓语。故填takes。
43．句意：“我经常需要一个星期才能完成一件钩针艺术品，但我从不感到厌倦，”老妇人说。分析题干，前后句“一周才能完成一件钩针艺术品”与“不感到厌倦”表示转折关系，应用连词but。故填but。
44．句意：在老妇人的作坊里有各种各样的彩色作品。kind“种类”，名词，又根据“different…of colorful works”可知，此处指不同“种类”的彩色作品，应用其对应的名词复数形式表泛指。故填kinds。
45．句意：它们可以用作家庭的装饰品或儿童的玩具。child“小孩”，名词，又根据“as decorations for homes or as toys for…”可知，此处指用作家庭的装饰品或者用作“儿童”玩具，应用其对应的名词复数形式表泛指。故填children。
46．句意：在空闲时间，她细心地教村里的妇女制作钩针艺术品。she“她”，代词主格，又根据“In…free time”及语境可知，此处指“在她的闲暇时间”，应用其对应的形容词性物主代词her作定语修饰time，“in one’s free time”表示“在某人空闲的时候”。故填her。
47．句意：在空闲时间，她细心地教村里的妇女制作钩针艺术品。careful“仔细的”，形容词。分析题干，该句结构完整，应用其对应的副词修饰动词teaches，表示“细心地”教。故填carefully。
48．句意：这位老妇人有一家自己的商店。根据“has…shop of her own”及语境可知，此处指这位老妇人有“一家”自己的商店，且空后shop发音是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a表泛指。故填a。
49．句意：上个月，超过3万人在网上购买了她的作品。buy“购买”，动词，又根据时间状语“Last month”可知，该句描述的是之前发生的事，时态为一般过去时，应用其对应的动词过去式作谓语。故填bought。
50．句意：现在她正在尽她最大的努力开发一些新的作品。do“做”，动词，又根据“She is…her best to…”及语境可知，此处指她“正在”尽力做某事，该句时态为现在进行时，其结构为“be doing sth.”，应用其现在分词形式与之搭配。故填doing。
（2025七年级下·吉林长春·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal (大运河) is about 1,800 kilometers long. It 51 (start) from Hangzhou in the south and goes to Beijing in the north. It has 52 long history of more than 2,500 years.
In the year AD 605, Emperor Yang Guang 53 (give) an order to build (建造) the canal. Building such a long canal was 54 (real) difficult at that time. 3. 6 million people worked on it and in a short time many of them lost 55 (they) lives. It took people about six years to build the canal. The Grand Canal became a bridge between the north 56 the south of China.
The Grand Canal was built in ancient (古代的) China but it is still in use today. Every day, 57 (ship) go up and down the canal. And many people like to take a walk along it. It is part of many Chinese 58 (people) life. Now, lots of people are 59 (live) happily along the canal. They call it “mother river” and it is one of the symbols 60 Hangzhou.
【答案】
51．starts 52．a 53．gave 54．really 55．their 56．and 57．ships 58．people’s 59．living 60．of
【导语】本文主要介绍了京杭大运河。
51．句意：它南起杭州，北至北京。根据“goes...”可知此处用动词第三人称单数starts“开始”。故填starts。
52．句意：它有2500多年的悠久历史。此处泛指“一段历史”，long以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。
53．句意：公元605年，皇帝杨广下令修筑运河。根据“In the year AD 605”可知句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式gave“给”。故填gave。
54．句意：修建这么长的运河在当时真的很困难。修饰形容词用副词really“真地”。故填really。
55．句意：在很短的时间内，他们中的许多人失去了生命。修饰名词lives用形容词性物主代词their“他们的”。故填their。
56．句意：大运河成为中国南北之间的桥梁。between...and“在……和……之间”。故填and。
57．句意：每天，船只在运河上来来往往。根据“go...”可知主语用名词复数ships“船”。故填ships。
58．句意：它是许多中国人生活的一部分。修饰名词life用名词所有格people’s“人们的”。故填people’s。
59．句意：现在，许多人沿着运河幸福地生活着。此处用现在分词living和be动词构成现在进行时。故填living。
60．句意：它是杭州的象征之一。the symbols of“……的象征”。故填of。/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
题型过关第5讲 短文填空
一、通用做题三步法（两类填空都适用）
1. 通读全文，把握大意
不急于填空，快速读完整篇，明确文章时态（一般现在/过去/将来）、文体、人物和主线，整体语感优先。
2. 逐空分析，先易后难
先填有把握的简单空，借助已填内容反推难题；每空先判断词性，再确定单词和形式。
3. 复读检查，核对语法
全部填完后再通读一遍，检查拼写、变形、时态、单复数、主谓一致，读起来不通顺大概率出错。
二、题型一：用所给词适当形式填空（考语法为主）
解题四步流程
1. 标出所给单词，结合句子位置判断词性
2. 分析句子语法结构（时态、句式、固定搭配）
3. 变换单词形式
4. 代入通读验证
高频考点&解题技巧
1. 动词（考查最多）
时态判断：看时间标志词/上下文时态
一般现在：often, usually, always, every… → 主语三单→动词三单形式
一般过去：yesterday, last…, ago → 动词变过去式
现在进行：now, look, listen → be + 现在分词(doing)
非谓语动词（固定搭配）
like doing / enjoy doing / practice doing
want to do / decide to do / hope to do
情态动词（can/may/must/should）+ 动词原形
be动词后：常用 doing（进行）/ done（被动，初一少考）/ 形容词
2. 名词
单数变复数：前面有 many, some, several, a lot of, 数词（大于1）
名词所有格：表“……的”（人名/物品归属）
固定短语中的名词形式不变。
3. 形容词 & 副词
形容词：修饰名词，放在名词前 / be动词后
副词：修饰动词、形容词、整句话，常在句末/动词后
比较级：出现 than, much, a little → 变比较级
4. 代词
主格(I/you/he)：作主语（句子开头）
宾格(me/him/her)：作宾语（动词/介词后）
形容词性物主代词(my/your/his)：后接名词
5. 介词/冠词（少量考查）
a/an + 单数名词；固定介词搭配（in/on/at/with 等）
小口诀
先定时态再变形，三单过去分清；
名看单复形看级，代词主宾要分明。
三、题型二：首字母提示填空（考词汇+语境+搭配）
难度更高，既要认单词，又要懂语境、语法。
解题四步流程
1. 读全文，定时态、主题
2. 读空格前后句子，猜句意
3. 结合首字母 + 句意，锁定单词
4. 判断词性，变换正确形式
核心解题技巧
1. 利用上下文逻辑猜词
并列：and, also → 前后词义、词性相近
转折：but, however → 前后意思相反
因果：so, because → 理清逻辑再选词
2. 借助固定搭配/句型
初一大量考课本固定短语，看到搭配直接锁定单词。
例：be good at；look for；take care of
3. 词性+形式变形（重中之重）
选出单词后，必须变形，规则同上：
名词 → 单复数
动词 → 时态、三单、ing、过去式
形容词/副词 → 比较级
4. 优先课内单词
考题单词基本来自初一课本，不要想生僻词。
典型思路示例
例：He likes p_____ basketball after school.
解析：like doing 固定搭配，basketball 篮球 → play → 填 playing
四、通用高频失分点（必看）
1. 只写单词，忘记变形（最常扣分）
记住：短文填空90% 的空都需要变形，极少用原形。
2. 时态混乱
全文统一时态，不要前一句过去式、后一句现在式。
3. 单复数忽略
可数名词前面有数量词，一定要变复数。
4. 大小写错误
句首单词、人名、地名首字母必须大写。
5. 脱离语境，硬套首字母
单词拼写对，但句意不通，依旧算错。
6. 固定搭配记混
平时积累课本短语，是首字母填空的关键。
（2025七年级下·黑龙江鹤岗·期末）根据内容填写所缺单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空，使语篇意思完整。
Mike is a 15-year-old high school student. He has a lot of bad 1 (habit). He enjoys 2 (use) the internet for fun at night. And he usually stays up late. When he feels 3 (sleep), he drinks some coffee. So he goes to bed late. He usually gets up late the next morning 4 arrives at school late. He always eats junk food like hamburgers. And he hardly ever exercises. His father often 5 (encourage) him, but he doesn’t do so. These habits are not good for his body or his mind. He often feels tired and sometimes he can’t think 6 (quick). His health is poor. He is 7 (worry) about it and decides 8 (do) something different. “I’ll try not to spend too much time on 9 computer,” he says. “I will join two sports teams to exercise. And I will try to eat healthy food. ”
People say ‘Old habits die hard’, but I must make mine die. And I am sure good life must belong 10 me.
（2025七年级下·江苏南京·期末）Anna wasn’t sure what to expect on Monday. A new student, Leo, had joined the class. He looked 11 (friend) and stayed away from others. Some students talked quietly about him, but Anna didn’t pay much attention. During P.E., a boy suddenly fell while running. He sat on the ground, crying 12 (pathetic). He had some 13 (injure) on his leg, and the teacher called for 14 (medicine) help. The class were 15 (terrify). While the others stood watching, Leo rushed over to help. He spoke gently to calm the boy down. His 16 (hero) actions won the teacher’s praise. “It is 17 (nature) to have accidents from time to time in life,” the teacher said, “but staying calm and helping others is what matters.”
Later, Anna saw Leo drawing in his notebook. She walked over and talked to him. “Hi, I’m Anna,” she said. “Your drawing looks really 18 (attract).” Leo looked up and smiled. “Thanks. I’m Leo.” He was quiet, but seemed kind. Later, Anna told her mom what had happened. That sounds like an important step in the 19 (develop) of your friendship, “her mom said. Anna smiled, then went to bed. She soon fell 20 (sleep).
（2025七年级下·北京西城·期末）阅读短文，根据短文内容，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Many people around the world love playing and watching sports. Table tennis is one of 21 (exciting) sports to play and watch. It’s fast, fun, and full of energy. The ball moves at a high speed, so players must watch 22 (careful) and move quickly to hit it. They need quick hands, sharp eyes, and smart moves to win each point. Many people enjoy 23 (watch) table tennis matches because they are full of action, surprise, and clever play. Whether you play it with your friends or watch big 24 (match) on TV, table tennis is always enjoyable. It brings people energy, friendship, and endless fun.
（2025七年级下·广东广州·期末）根据短文的内容及首字母或音标提示写出文中所缺单词。
Once in a small town, people left their electrical devices on in empty rooms and kept TVs working all night. However, people 25 / v l kt/ the problem and always said, “Electricity never ends!”
One stormy evening, the power nearly died. Jack, a 13-year-old student showed the result of his science project. “We waste enough energy to power the school for a year!” he said. At first, people laughed. Then old Mr. Brown said, “We should use the energy w 26 , otherwise we will be in big trouble.” The laughter stopped. Everyone tried to give their a 27 . “Unplug electrical devices when not in use.” “Instead of watching TV, we can s 28 time on family activities like reading together…” Finally, they made a plan and decided to follow it. One month later, they 29 / t i:vd/ something amazing — they cut their power use in half. All the people felt p 30 because their small acts made a big difference.
（2025七年级下·江苏南京·期末）请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
Have you ever read the novel Journey to the West The Monkey King got the golden cudgel (金箍棒) from the Dragon King of the Eastern Sea. Also, a son of the Dragon King of the Western Sea turned into Monk Tang’s white horse. It seems that the dragon is a great example of the p 31 of super nature in China.
Do you w 32 where it came from It begins with the Yangshao Culture, which started around 5,500 to 7,000 years ago. That’s when people first made d 33 of dragons. Ancient Chinese emperors loved dragons and covered their clothes w 34 pictures of dragons. They are p 35 to call ourselves “the descendants (传人) of the dragon”. There are also many old Chinese sayings about the dragon. For example, one saying refers to a story about Lord Ye, who liked dragons very much, and had dragon decorations (装饰) all over his house. His love of dragons became so well-known that one day a r 36 dragon paid a visit. At the first sight of the dragon, Lord Ye r 37 away in fear.
While Chinese people r 38 the dragon and see it as a holy (神圣的) animal, people in Western countries think differently about dragons. In Chinese fantasy stories, all the weather c 39 depend on the Dragon King. However, in the West, there is a bad dragon. It doesn’t bring rain to help people. Instead, it breathes fire to burn down the country. As a result, there is always a super hero standing out and s 40 the whole world finally.
Anyway, the dragon, as a powerful symbol in cultures, reflects the values, imagination, and spiritual beliefs of the people all over the world.
（2025七年级下·江苏苏州·期末）A 68-year-old woman from Shandong Province now teaches crocheting (钩针编织) both online and offline. She has been making crochet artworks 41 about 50 years.
“It often 42 (take) me one week to finish a crochet artwork, 43 I never feel tired of it,” the old woman said.
There are different 44 (kind) of colorful works in the old woman’s workshop. As we all know, they are beautiful. Some of them are traditional and some of them are fashionable (时尚的). They can be used as decorations (装饰品) for homes or as toys for 45 (child).
The old woman is warm-hearted. In 46 (she) free time, she teaches women in the village 47 (careful) to make crochet artworks.
The old woman has 48 shop of her own. Last month, more than 30,000 people 49 (buy) her works online. Now she is 50 (do) her best to develop some new works.
（2025七年级下·吉林长春·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal (大运河) is about 1,800 kilometers long. It 51 (start) from Hangzhou in the south and goes to Beijing in the north. It has 52 long history of more than 2,500 years.
In the year AD 605, Emperor Yang Guang 53 (give) an order to build (建造) the canal. Building such a long canal was 54 (real) difficult at that time. 3. 6 million people worked on it and in a short time many of them lost 55 (they) lives. It took people about six years to build the canal. The Grand Canal became a bridge between the north 56 the south of China.
The Grand Canal was built in ancient (古代的) China but it is still in use today. Every day, 57 (ship) go up and down the canal. And many people like to take a walk along it. It is part of many Chinese 58 (people) life. Now, lots of people are 59 (live) happily along the canal. They call it “mother river” and it is one of the symbols 60 Hangzhou.

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