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Unit 8 Making a Difference
Section A 4a-4d
Learning Objectives
To summarize the meanings and functions of the present perfect tense with for and since, and use them correctly in context. They can also learn about the features of durative verbs used with continuous time adverbials in this tense.
To distinguish between the simple past and present perfect tenses in complex texts, turn grammar knowledge into practical language skills and improve accuracy in expression.
To transfer grammar knowledge to various real-life situations and creatively apply target grammar to communicate based on personal experiences.
Watch and Say
How long has Dave worked as a volunteer at the museum
Unit 6
Crossing Cultures
Section A 1a-2d
让教学更有效
Watch and Say
1. How long has Dave worked as a volunteer at the museum
He has volunteered here since his summer holiday started.
2. How long has Dave’s friend been a volunteer
He has been a volunteer here for a few months.
Many people do volunteer work. Let’s read more information about their volunteer work.
Unit 6
Crossing Cultures
Section A 1a-2d
让教学更有效
Watch and Say
Have you been to our animal shelter before No, I haven't. But one of my friends has
volunteered here for a long time.
Has she ever done volunteer work Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a
nursing home since last August.
How long have you been a volunteer I have been a volunteer here for a few
months.
How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum He has volunteered here since his summer
holidays started.
4a
Read the sentences. How are for and since used differently
Read and Think
Unit 6
Crossing Cultures
Section A 1a-2d
让教学更有效
Look and Learn
Since
For
“For” 和 “since” 都可用于现在完成时，强调动作或状态持续的时间。
一、for + 时间段（一段时间）
侧重持续多久（时长）
eg: I have volunteered for two years. 我做志愿者已经两年了。
二、since + 过去时间点（过去年份/日期/时刻/ago 短语） / 一般过去时从句
eg: I have volunteered since 2024/ two years ago.我从 2024 年/两年前起就做志愿者了。
eg: I have helped kids since I left school. 自从毕业后，我就一直在帮助孩子们。
侧重从何时开始
Unit 6
Crossing Cultures
Section A 1a-2d
让教学更有效
Watch and Say
Look and Practice
把短语填入对应方框。
two years
2014
five months ago
last Sunday
I finished school
three weeks
9 o’clock
a year
1.for：________________________________________________________
2.since：______________________________________________________
three weeks
five months ago
I finished school
9 o’clock
a year
two years
2014
last Sunday
Unit 6
Crossing Cultures
Section A 1a-2d
让教学更有效
Look and Complete
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets and for or since.
4b
1. This college student enjoys volunteering for the army. She_____________(teach) English to the soldiers _____ three years.
2. I__________(be) a member of the Red Cross for six years. I have made a lot of friends ________I joined the organization.
3. Mr Wu has taught in a primary school as a volunteer ________ two years now. _________he started working there, he __________(help) many students.
4. The organization___________(train) over 6,000 volunteers __________it began to offer classes three years ago.
has taught
for
have been
since
for
since
has helped
has trained
Since
Unit 6
Crossing Cultures
Section A 1a-2d
让教学更有效
Look and Learn
现在完成时
( present perfect tense )
现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去开始，一直持续到现在, 有可能持续下去，动词一般为延续性动词 。
I have worked here since 26 years ago/for 26 years.
(26年来我一直在这儿工作）
26 years ago
now
I started to work here.
I still work here.
什么是延续性动词？什么是非延续性
动词？
Unit 6
Crossing Cultures
Section A 1a-2d
让教学更有效
Look and Learn
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。常见的延续性动词如work, study, live, keep、teach、help、wait、be等。
非延续性动词也叫终止性动词、瞬间动词等，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后即刻停止。常见的非延续性动词如buy, die, leave, arrive, join, begin, finish, borrow等。
延续性动词与非延续性动词
注意：非延续性动词表示行为结果，不与时间段连用；与时间段连用时，需转换为表示状态的
延续性动词。
eg: My mother left three hours ago. 我的妈妈三个小时前离开了。（表示结果）
My mother has been away for three hours. 我的妈妈已经离开三个小时了。（表示状态）
Unit 6
Crossing Cultures
Section A 1a-2d
让教学更有效
Look and Learn
非延续性动词→延续性变形表(常见)
buy
borrow
leave
have
keep
be away
die
be dead
join
be in/be a member of
begin
be on
finish
be back
arrive
be in/at
be over
return
come/go there
be there
go to bed
be in bed
get out
be out
fall ill
be ill
Unit 6
Crossing Cultures
Section A 1a-2d
让教学更有效
Look and Practice
1. The old man _____________ (die) for three years.
2. I __________ (buy) this phone since 2023.
3. She __________ (borrow) the novel for two weeks.
4. They ____________________ (leave) their hometown for ten years.
5. My brother _____________ (join) the football club since last month.
6. The film _____________ (begin) for 40 minutes.
7. We ____________ (arrive) Shanghai for half a year.
用正确形式填空。
has been dead
have had
has kept
have been away from
has been in
has been on
has been in
Unit 6
Crossing Cultures
Section A 1a-2d
让教学更有效
Look and Learn
现在完成时 一般过去时
用法
时间 状语
谓语 动词
表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，侧重于现在的情况。
表示过去某个时刻发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在无关。
常和already, yet, just, ever, never, before, since, for等词连用。
常和yesterday, last week, just now, in 2012, two days ago等表示过去的时间状语连用。
与一段时间连用时，谓语动词要用延续性动词而不用非延续性动词。
谓语动词为动词过去式，没有延续性或非延续性动词的限制。
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
Unit 6
Crossing Cultures
Section A 1a-2d
让教学更有效
Read and Complete
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
4c
I love being a volunteer! I _____________ (work) with a sports organization for almost three years now. Since I started, I ____________ (help) out at over ten different sports events. I __________ (make) many new friends and I even _________ (meet) many famous athletes. For example, I ______ (meet) two national football players from Argentina last month. They were at a stadium for a charity match. The stadium ______ (be) so big that they _____ (get) lost. I gave them directions and they _______ (smile) and ________ (thank) me warmly. I am proud to be a volunteer.
have worked
have helped
have made
have met
met
was
got
smiled
thanked
Unit 6
Crossing Cultures
Section A 1a-2d
让教学更有效
have/has been to 表示“曾经去过某地”(已经回来了)。后可接次数，如 once, twice, three times 等，表示“去过某地几次”，也可和 just，never，ever等连用。 My sister has been to Beijing twice. 我姐姐去过大连两次。
Have you ever been to the West Lake 你曾经去过西湖吗
have/has gone to 表示“去某地了” (还没回来)，暗含说话时该人不在现场。 — Where is Jim 吉姆在哪里
— He has gone to England. 他去
英国了。 (尚未回来)
Look and Learn
have/has been to与have/has gone to的区别
Unit 6
Crossing Cultures
Section A 1a-2d
让教学更有效
She ________________ Europe twice.
He ________________ England. He will come back tomorrow.
I ______ never __________ Japan.
Lily isn’t at home. She _______________ the supermarket.
Look and Learn
has been to
has gone to
注意：如果have/has been to或have/has gone to后接副词，则省略to。
He has been abroad many times. 他出国很多次了。
He has gone home. 他回家去了。
have
been to
has gone to
Now you know how to use the present perfect tense for things that have lasted a long time. Would you like to talk about how long you’ve known your best friend or had your favourite things
Work in groups. Interview your groupmates using the questions below. Share the answers with the class.
Look and Learn
4c
How long have you known your best friend / ...
had your favourite toy / ...
lived in your neighbourhood / ...
A: How long have you known your best friend
B: I have known him since I was in Grade one./ I have known him for
about 8 years.
( ) 1. I ______ Xi’an. I know it very well.
A. have been to B. have gone to C. will go to
( ) 2. My parents ______ Hainan. They are still there now.
A. have been to B. have gone to C. went
( ) 3. His grandfather ______ for six years.
A. died B. has died C. has been dead
( ) 4. —How long ______ you ______ the pen
—For three days.
A. have; borrowed B. did; borrow C. have; kept
单项选择题。
Look and Practice
Unit 6
Crossing Cultures
Section A 1a-2d
让教学更有效
Watch and Say
Look and Practice
用 for /since 填空。
1. She has helped kids ______ she left middle school.
2. We have cleaned the park ______ three months ago.
3. They have worked as volunteers ______ half a year.
4. She has worked in poor area ______ a long time.
5. My sister has taught poor children ______ five weeks.
6. Tom has done volunteer work ______ two years ago.
since
since
for
for
for
since
Look and Judge
判断正误。
1. He has left the city for two years. ( ) ________________
2. I have borrowed this book for three days. ( ) ________________
3. The play has begun for an hour. ( ) ________________
4. She has bought the dress since last summer. ( ) ________________
5. They have stayed in the park since two hours. ( ) ________________
6. We have known each other for three years. ( ) ________________
F
been away from
F
kept
F
been on
F
had
F
for
T
Think and Translate
翻译句子。
1.三年前她就拥有这块手表了。
2.我离开家乡已经六年了。
3.从 2021 年起，我们就一直在做志愿工作。
4.自从在学校相识，他们就一直是朋友。
5. She has helped the old people since last summer.
She has had this watch since three years ago.
I have been away from my hometown for six years.
We have done volunteer work since 2021.
They have been friends since they met at school.
从去年夏天开始，她就一直在帮助老人。
Summary
What did you learn today
Key words and phrases
for/since
How to use the present perfect tense for things that have lasted a long time.
Teacher’s words
Don’t let your ______ control you. Try to calm down.
Volunteering is a long-term warm choice. We don’t have to do big volunteer work, but we can stick to small kindnesses around us every day.
志愿服务是一份长久而温暖的选择。我们不必做宏大的志愿工作，而是可以坚持在身边行点滴善意。
Homework
Basic(必做)
复习并牢记本堂课的重点单词、短语和句型。
Improving(必做)
用 for/since 描述自己长期坚持的一件小事（帮父母做家务、帮扶同学等）。
Extend(选做)
写 80 词小短文，介绍家人长期的爱好或志愿经历，灵活混用 for/since。
Thank you!

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