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题型过关第6讲 选词填空
一、整体做题四步法（通用所有题型）
1. 看方框，标注词性+词义
先浏览备选单词，在旁边简写：名词(n.)、动词(v.)、形容词(adj.)、副词(adv.)、介词(prep.)、代词(pron.)、连词(conj.)，同时熟记中文意思。
2. 通读短文，定基调
快速读全文，明确文章时态、主题、人称，整体把握语境。
3. 逐空做题，先易后难
分析空格在句中的成分，判断所需词性，从备选词里筛选；选完一个划掉一个，避免重复使用。
4. 变形+复查
有词形要求的，按语法变换形式；全部填完后通读全文，检查语义、语法、拼写是否通顺。
二、核心判断技巧：根据空格位置定词性
这是解题关键，记住位置规律，快速锁定候选词：
1. 空格前有冠词(a/an/the)、数词、many/some → 大概率填名词
注意：名词要判断单复数。
2. 空格在主语后、作谓语 → 填动词
注意：结合时态、主谓一致，变三单/过去式/现在分词。
3. 空格修饰名词，或在be动词/感官动词(feel/look/sound)后 → 填形容词
4. 空格修饰动词、形容词，或在句首/句末表状态 → 填副词（大多由形容词+ly构成）
5. 空格在名词前、后接名词，或固定搭配里 → 填介词
6. 连接两个句子/短语 → 填连词（and/but/so/because等）
7. 句子缺主语/宾语 → 填代词
三、两大题型专项解法
题型1：选词+词形变换（考试主流，难点）
方框给出原形单词，不仅要选词，还要正确变形，考点和短文填空高度重合。
高频考点&变形规则
1. 动词（最高频）
一般现在时：主语是三单 → 动词变三单形式
一般过去时：通篇过去语境/ yesterday/last... → 变过去式
现在进行时：now/look/listen → be + doing
固定搭配：like/enjoy/practice + doing；want/hope/decide + to do
情态动词(can/must/should) + 动词原形
2. 名词
前面有大于1的数词、many、a lot of、several → 变复数
表所属关系 → 变名词所有格
3. 形容词 副词
形容词变副词：一般直接加 ly（quick→quickly）
出现 than → 形容词/副词变比较级
4. 词性转换
名词→形容词（care→careful）、形容词→名词（different→difference）等，结合句子成分判断。
做题示例
备选词：run, happy, two
句子：He ____ every morning.
解析：缺谓语动词，every morning表一般现在时，主语he三单 → 填 runs
题型2：纯选词（无变形，难度低）
方框单词形式固定，只考词义辨析、固定搭配、上下文逻辑。
1. 优先抓固定搭配
课内短语直接匹配，如 be good at, look after, take part in 等。
2. 利用逻辑连词判断
and/also：前后语义相近、顺承
but：前后语义相反、转折
so/because：表因果关系
3. 排除法做题
先把确定的词选走划掉，剩余选项再结合句意逐一筛选。
四、经典词义辨析（初一常考易混词）
考试高频易混词，区分词义再选词：
1. some / any：some用于肯定句；any用于否定句、疑问句
2. too / also / either：too句末；also句中；either用于否定句句末
3. spend / take / cost：人作主语用spend；it作形式主语用take；物作主语用cost
4. other / another / others：another+单数名词；other+复数名词
5. interesting / interested：物作主语用interesting；人作主语用interested
五、高分避坑&失分点总结
1. 重复选词：选完单词立刻在方框里划掉，初一题目大多一词只用一次。
2. 忘记词形变形：这是头号丢分点，选对单词≠做对题，务必结合语法变形式。
3. 只看单句，脱离语境：个别单词单句通顺，但不符合全文主旨，一定要结合上下文。
4. 词性判断错误：分不清形容词和副词，牢记“形修名、副修动”。
5. 时态前后矛盾：全文时态保持统一，不要中途随意更换。
6. 忽略固定搭配：很多空格不靠翻译，只考课本短语，平时多积累。
（2025七年级下·四川成都·期末）从下面方框中选出10个单词，将其正确形式填入短文，使短文意思正确通顺（每词限用一次）。
although because care he look sing stay student three treat true worry
I had a dream last night. In the dream, my brother Jimmy 1 happily with his friends.
However, this would never be the 2 in real life. I have three brothers. Nelson and Johnny are normal (正常的), but my 3 brother, Jimmy, is an autistic (自闭症的) child. He doesn’t know how to talk with others and how to take care of 4 . No one would like to make friends with him at school.
5 for him, my mother stopped her job and now 6 at home. She takes Jimmy to a large hospital to get 7 every Friday, but it doesn’t work well. Jimmy still doesn’t know what to do at school. He usually forgets to bring his things home and sometimes loses his books.
As Jimmy’s sister, I’m really 8 about him. I hear that some students often laugh at him. Some boys once took away other 9 pencils and put them in Jimmy’s schoolbag. Then they told the teacher Jimmy did that. When this happened, Jimmy just looked confused and didn’t say anything.
Every time I hear about these things, I feel really upset. Jimmy is always happy, 10 life is difficult for him. I love my brother and I’m sure that things will be better soon and that he’ll grow up happily.
【答案】
1．
sang 2．
truth 3．
third 4．
himself 5．
To care 6．
stays 7．
treatment 8．
worried 9．
students’ 10．
although
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者患有自闭症的弟弟吉米在生活中的困难以及作者对他的关爱和期望。
【详解】1．句意：在梦里，我的弟弟吉米和他的朋友们一起开心地唱歌。根据“happily with his friends”可知，此处指吉米与朋友一起进行的开心的活动，sing“唱歌”符合；结合“I had a dream last night.”可知，用过去式sang。
2．句意：然而，在现实生活中，这绝不是事实。根据“Jimmy, is an autistic (自闭症的) child. He doesn’t know how to talk with others”可知，梦境不会成为现实，true“真的”，此处要用名词truth“事实”作宾语。
3．句意：纳尔逊和约翰尼都是正常的，但我的第三个兄弟吉米却是个患有自闭症的孩子。根据“I have three brothers.”可知，吉米是第三个兄弟，要用three的序数词形式third表示顺序。
4．句意：他不会与他人交流，也不知道如何照顾自己。根据“He doesn’t know how to talk with others and how to take care of...”可知，吉米不会照顾自己，要用he的反身代词himself“他自己”作宾语。
5．句意：为了照顾他，我的母亲辞去了工作，现在一直待在家里。根据“...for him, my mother stopped her job”可知，母亲辞去工作来照顾吉米，care for“照顾”，此处应用不定式to care表示目的。句首单词首字母大写。
6．句意：为了照顾他，我的母亲辞去了工作，现在一直待在家里。根据“my mother stopped her job”可知，母亲辞去工作后只能待在家，stay at home“待在家”，now提示本句为一般现在时，主语是my mother，动词要用第三人称单数形式stays。
7．句意：每周五她都会带吉米去一家大医院接受治疗，但效果并不理想。根据“She takes Jimmy to a large hospital”可知，去医院是为了治病，treat“治疗”，此处应用名词形式treatment“治疗”作宾语。
8．句意：作为吉米的姐姐，我真的很为他担心。根据“I hear that some students often laugh at him.”可知，作者很担心吉米，worry“担心”，动词，be worried about“担心”。
9．句意：还有些男生曾经拿走其他同学的铅笔，并把它们放进吉米的书包里。根据“Some boys once took away other... pencils”可知，此处指其他同学的铅笔，student“同学”，此处要用复数形式students表示泛指，并变为所有格形式students’修饰pencils。
10．句意：吉米总是那么开心，尽管他的生活很艰难。根据“Jimmy is always happy, ... life is difficult for him.”可知，前后句意存在让步关系，要用although“尽管，虽然”引导让步状语从句。
（2025七年级下·黑龙江鹤岗·期末）从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。方框中有一个词为多余项。
watch after weekend but about interesting on I however buy weather
Dear Mary,
How are you and your parents Did you have a good time last 11 We had a day off this week. 12 I had a bad day.
I got up early in the morning, but the 13 was very bad. So I had to stay at home and help my mum do the housework. Then I went to the Gift Shop and 14 lots of gifts. After that, I read a boring book and 15 TV.
16 lunch, my parents wanted to go for a drive. I didn’t want to stay at home by myself, so I went with them. 17 , that wasn’t 18 either. In the evening, my best friend told me to watch an interesting movie 19 sharks (鲨鱼). But I found it wasn’t interesting at all. Please write to 20 soon!
Yours,
Lily
【答案】
11．
weekend 12．
But 13．
weather 14．
bought 15．
watched 16．
After 17．
However 18．
interesting 19．
about 20．
me
【导语】本文是莉莉写给好友玛丽的一封信，主要讲述了自己上周末糟糕的经历，从天气不佳居家干活、购物观影，到随家人出行，一整天的事情都不尽人意。
【详解】11．句意：你上周末玩得开心吗？空格处结合空前“last”，需填入名词构成固定时间短语，last weekend为固定搭配，意为“上周末”，符合全文讲述周末经历的语境，因此用weekend。
12．句意：这周我们放假一天，但是我度过了糟糕的一天。前半句说明有假期，后半句讲述日子糟糕，前后语义相反，存在转折关系。空格位于句首，单独衔接两个分句，But表示转折，符合语境逻辑，因此用But。
13．句意：我早上起得很早，但是天气很差。由后文“So I had to stay at home”（所以我只能待在家里）可知，是外界条件不好导致无法外出，空格前有定冠词“the”，需填名词，weather意为“天气”，契合语境，因此用weather。
14．句意：在那之后，我去了礼品店，买了很多礼物。句子由“and”连接两个并列谓语，前文中“went”为一般过去时，空格处动词需与其时态保持一致。buy意为“购买”，过去式为bought，符合进店买礼物的语境，因此用bought。
15．句意：在那之后，我读了一本枯燥的书，还看了电视。watch TV是固定搭配，意为“看电视”。本句为并列谓语结构，时态与前文“read”保持一致，为一般过去时，watch的过去式为watched，因此用watched。
16．句意：午饭后，我的父母想要开车兜风。空格后为“lunch”，结合日常场景和固定短语搭配，after lunch意为“午饭后”，可衔接上下文的时间顺序，句首单词首字母大写，因此用After。
17．句意：然而，那也并不有趣。前文写作者跟随父母出门散心，本句表示这次出行依旧不好，前后形成转折。空格位于句首，后有逗号隔开，However可单独使用表转折，符合句式和语境要求，句首字母大写，因此用However。
18．句意：然而，那也并不有趣。空格处位于系动词“wasn’t”后，需填入形容词作表语。全文讲述糟糕的一天，此处表示出行毫无乐趣，interesting意为“有趣的”，符合语义和词性要求，因此用interesting。
19．句意：晚上，我最好的朋友让我去看一部关于鲨鱼的有趣电影。空格处需填入介词，连接名词“a movie”和“sharks”，表达电影的主题内容。介词about意为“关于”，a movie about sharks表示“一部关于鲨鱼的电影”，贴合语境，因此用about。
20．句意：请尽快给我写信！write to sb.是固定搭配，意为“给某人写信”，介词to后需接人称代词宾格作宾语，I的宾格形式为me，因此用me。
（2025七年级下·陕西汉中·期末）用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。）
be lovely leg must often symbol do slow save they
Do you know turtles (海龟) They are not new to us. We can 21 see them at the zoo. They’re 22 . But how much do you know about them
Turtles are usually over 1 metre long. They have four 23 , a small tail and a sharp mouth, but they have no teeth. They live under the water. They crawl (爬行) very 24 , but they are good swimmers. They can live up to 150 years, so they are a 25 of long life.
Turtles are an important part of the sea, but there 26 only seven kinds of turtles now and five of them are from China. They are in great danger now. People throw lots of rubbish (垃圾) into the sea. It makes turtles lose 27 homes.
People also kill them for their meat. So there are fewer and fewer turtles in the sea. We need to 28 them now. What can we do 29 not eat the food made of turtles. And we 30 keep the sea clean and let them have a nice place to live in.
【答案】
21．often 22．lovely 23．legs 24．slowly 25．symbol 26．are 27．their 28．save 29．Do 30．must
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍海龟的基本特征，指出因海洋垃圾污染和人类捕杀，海龟数量锐减、处境危险，呼吁人们不要食用海龟制品，并保持海洋清洁，以保护它们。
【详解】21．句意：我们经常能在动物园看到它们。此处需要一个副词，在句中表示动作发生的频率，此处表示“经常”，应填often。
22．句意：它们很可爱。此处需要一个形容词，在句中作表语，描述海龟给人的印象。应选“lovely”，符合人们对海龟的普遍感受。
23．句意：它们有四条腿，一条小尾巴和一张尖嘴，但它们没有牙齿。根据后文“a small tail and a sharp mouth”可知，此处需要一个名词，在句中作宾语，描述海龟的身体部位。根据常识，海龟有四条腿，应填leg的复数形式legs。
24．句意：它们爬得非常慢。此处需要一个副词，在句中修饰动词“crawl”，表示爬行的方式。后文“but they are good swimmers”说明爬行慢，应填slow的副词形式slowly。
25．句意：它们的寿命可达150年，所以它们是长寿的象征。此处需要一个名词，在句中作表语，“They can live up to 150 years”说明它们是长寿的“象征”，应填symbol。
26．句意：海龟是海洋的重要组成部分，但现在仅有七种海龟，其中五种来自中国。此处需要一个动词，构成“there be句型”，表示“存在”。主语是“seven kinds”（复数），且时态为一般现在时，应填be的复数形式are。
27．句意：这使海龟失去它们的家园。此处需要一个代词，在句中作定语，修饰“homes”，指代“海龟自己的家”，应填“they”的形容词性物主代词their。
28．句意：我们现在需要拯救它们。此处需要一个动词，在句中作谓语，表示需要采取的行动。上文“there are fewer and fewer turtles in the sea”表示“海龟越来越少”，故下文需表达“拯救”它们，应填save。
29．句意：不要吃用海龟做的食物。此处需要一个情态动词或表示建议的词，在句首引导祈使句。“不吃龟肉”是一种建议或要求，应填“do”的否定形式，位于句首，首字母需大写，应填Do。
30．句意：并且我们必须保持海洋清洁，并让他们有一个美好的居住环境。此处需要一个情态动词，在句中表示保持海洋干净的“必要性”，应填must。
（2025七年级下·江苏南京·期末）
change one’s mind bump into fight for be amazed at come true wait for
31．The children the magician’s performance during last Friday’s school event.
32．They each other three times this week, and who knows Maybe a fourth meeting is just around the corner.
33．If the weather gets better, we and go hiking instead.
34． your dreams often means facing difficulties and failures.
35．He saved money for months the concert tickets to go on sale (打折).
【答案】31．were amazed at 32．have bumped into 33．will change our minds 34．Fighting for 35．to wait for
【解析】31．句意：在上周五的学校活动中，孩子们对魔术师的表演感到惊讶。根据“the magician’s performance”并结合备选短语可知，此处表示学生对魔术感到惊讶。be amazed at“对……感到惊讶”符合语境，last Friday表明句子时态为一般过去时，主语The children是复数，be动词用were。故填were amazed at。
32．句意：他们这周已经偶遇三次了，谁知道呢？也许第四次碰面即将到来。根据“Maybe a fourth meeting is just around the corner.”并结合备选短语可知，此处表示已经碰见了好几次，并且已经在猜测第四次的见面地点。bump into“偶遇”符合语境，“three times this week”表明句子时态为现在完成时，句型结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语They是复数，助动词用have，故填have bumped into。
33．句意：如果天气变好，我们就会改变主意去远足。根据“If the weather gets better”和“go hiking instead”并结合备选短语可知，此处表示如果天气好一点，就会改变主意外出远足。change one’s mind“改变主意”符合语境，if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主语是we，mind用复数，故填will change our minds。
34．句意：为梦想奋斗常常意味着面对困难和失败。根据“your dreams”并结合备选短语可知，此处表示需要为了梦想奋斗会碰见很多意想不到的事情。fight for“为……奋斗”符合语境，此处作主语，应用动名词形式，故填Fighting for。
35．句意：他攒了几个月的钱，就为了等音乐会门票打折。根据“the concert tickets to go on sale”并结合备选短语可知，此处表示攒钱是为了等门票打折。wait for“等待”符合语境，此处用动词不定式表目的，故填to wait for。
（2025七年级下·广东湛江·期末）请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。请将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。
quickly, under, hot, sound, hard, a, it, relaxing, and, dance, cold, problem
We can watch the rain in summer and enjoy the snow in winter. But can we see the wind You will say no, but it blows all year round.
We can’t see the wind, but we can feel it. When we sit 36 a tree on a hot summer day, the wind can cool us off. When we take 37 walk on a winter morning, the wind blows and makes us feel 38 like ice.
We can’t see the wind, but we can hear 39 . Listen! The leaves are singing in the autumn wind. When the wind blows hard, it 40 like a train.
We can’t see the wind, but we can see what it is doing. Look! The flags are 41 in the spring wind. The wind can make things easy. Sometimes it helps us go 42 by bike and it makes the boat move fast on the river. The wind can make things difficult. Sometimes it can be 43 to walk in the strong wind. Very big wind can cause (造成) 44 , because it can blow down trees and some houses. Then the people and animals may lose their homes.
The wind makes things fun 45 sometimes it also makes things bad. What do you think of the windy weather
【答案】
36．under 37．a 38．cold 39．it 40．sounds 41．dancing 42．quickly 43．hard 44．problems 45．and
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了风的力量，以及能给我们带来什么。
【详解】36．句意：一个酷热夏天，当我们坐在一棵树下时，风可以让我们凉快下来。根据“When we sit...a tree”及备选词可知，空处指“坐在树下”，介词under“在……下面”符合句意。故填under。
37．句意：当我们冬天早晨散步时，风吹来，让我们感觉像冰一样冷。根据“take...walk”及备选词可知，take a walk为固定搭配，表示“散步”。故填a。
38．句意：当我们冬天早晨散步时，风吹来，让我们感觉像冰一样冷。根据“on a winter morning...makes us feel...like ice.”及备选词可知，空处指“寒冷的”，cold符合句意，feel后跟形容词作表语。故填cold。
39．句意：我们看不见风，但能听到它。根据“We can’t see the wind, but we can hear...”及备选词可知，空处指“风”，需代词宾格it指代。故填it。
40．句意：当风猛烈吹来时，它听起来像火车。根据“When the wind blows hard, it...like a train.”及备选词可知，空处指“听起来”，动词sound符合句意，因是陈述事实，时态为一般现在时，主语it为第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单形式。故填sounds。
41．句意：看！旗帜在春风中舞动。根据“Look! The flags are...in the spring wind.”及备选词可知，空处指“飞舞”，动词dance符合句意，根据“Look...are”可知，本句时态为现在进行时，其结构为be doing，动词dance的现在分词为dancing。故填dancing。
42．句意：有时它帮助我们骑自行车时快速前进并且让船在江上开得快。根据“Sometimes it helps us go...by bike”及备选词可知，空处指“快速前进”，副词quickly“快速地”符合句意，修饰动词go。故填quickly。
43．句意：有时在大风中行走会很困难。根据“...to walk in the strong wind.”及备选词可知，空处指“很困难”，形容词hard符合句意。be后跟形容词作表语。故填hard。
44．句意：大风会造成问题，因为它会吹倒树木房屋。根据“because it can blow down trees and some houses.”及备选词可知，吹倒树木房屋是大风引发的问题，名词problem符合句意，空处需名词复数表泛指。故填problems。
45．句意：风既让事情有趣，有时也让事情糟糕。根据空前后关系及备选词可知，空处表并列，需连词and。故填and。
（2025七年级下·北京海淀·期末）阅读下面短文，在方框内选择最佳选项将短文补充完整。其中有2个多余选项。
A．run after B．full of C． pick up D．relax E. busy F. hope
It was a weekend morning. The weather was great. Tom was walking his pet dog in a small park. The little happy dog saw a colorful butterfly and started to 46 it excitedly. Tom watched his pet quietly, enjoying the lively scene. After playing with the butterfly for a while, the dog began to jump around happily on the grass. The dog was 47 energy, but Tom felt a little bit tired. Then he found a bench, sat down, and began to 48 , feeling the gentle wind on his face. Tom felt very thankful for this peaceful moment away from his 49 daily life.
【答案】46．A 47．B 48．D 49．E
【导语】本文主要讲了周末的一个早晨，天气很好，汤姆在小公园遛狗，小狗兴奋地追蝴蝶、在草地上玩耍，汤姆则在长椅上放松，享受这远离忙碌日常生活的宁静时刻。
46．句意：小狗看到一只色彩鲜艳的蝴蝶，兴奋地开始追赶它。结合“saw a colorful butterfly”和备选词汇可知，此处是指小狗开始追赶蝴蝶；“run after”意为“追赶”，符合语境。故填A。
47． 句意：这只狗精力充沛，但汤姆觉得有点累。结合“energy”和备选词汇可知，此处是指狗充满活力；“full of”意为“充满”，符合语境。故填B。
48．句意：然后他找到一张长椅，坐下来，开始放松，感受着脸上温柔的风。结合“sat down”和备选词汇可知，此处是指汤姆开始放松；“relax”意为“放松”，符合语境。故填D。
49．句意：汤姆非常感激这远离他忙碌日常生活的宁静时刻。结合“peaceful moment away from”和备选词汇可知，此处是指忙碌的日常生活；“busy”意为“忙碌的”，符合语境。故填E。
（2025七年级下·北京西城·期末）根据短文内容，从方框中选出恰当的词，并将对应的A、B、C、D填在答题卡的相应位置上。
A．color B．improve C． stronger D．different
Brightly colored fruits and vegetables are like nature’s superheroes! Yellow bananas 50 your memory with vitamin B, while red peppers fight colds with vitamin C． When you eat 51 colors every day—like green cucumber, yellow corn, and purple cabbage in a salad—their powers come together. This makes your body 52 , gives you more energy, and even helps your brain work smarter. So, try adding vegetables to sandwiches or eating fruits as snacks. Remember, fill your plate with 53 every day!
【答案】50．B 51．D 52．C 53．A
【导语】本文通过比喻将色彩鲜艳的果蔬比作自然界的超级英雄阐述了不同颜色果蔬中维生素对身体各部位的益处，强调多样化饮食的重要性。
50．句意：黄色香蕉用维生素B提高记忆力，而红辣椒用维生素C对抗感冒。根据“...your memory”以及备选词可知，此处是指提高记忆力。improve“提高、改善”。故选B。
51．句意：当你每天吃不同颜色的食物时——比如沙拉中的绿色黄瓜、黄色玉米和紫色卷心菜——它们的力量就聚集在一起了。根据下文“like green cucumber, yellow corn, and purple cabbage in a salad”以及备选词可知，此处是指每天吃不同颜色的食物。different“不同的”。故选D。
52．句意：这让你的身体更强壮，给你更多的能量，甚至帮助你的大脑更聪明地工作。根据下文“gives you more energy, and even helps your brain work smarter”以及备选词可知，此处应是表示让你的身体更强壮。stronger“更强壮的”。故选C。
53．句意：记住，每天把你的盘子装满颜色！根据下文“fill your plate with...”和前文的介绍以及备选词可知，此处应填名词color“颜色”，表示每天把你的盘子装满颜色。故选A。
（2025七年级下·江苏苏州·期末）请认真阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的单词或短语，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入其正确形式。每个单词或短语仅用一次。
luck chance on one’s own give up collect
World Environment Day: a great day to protect the environment. 54 , many people still don’t realize how serious pollution is. On World Environment Day (June 5th), our school decided to take action at Jinji Lake.
At first, I worked 55 picking up plastic bottles near the lake. Soon classmates joined me in the waste 56 . Some students felt tired and almost 57 under the hot sun, but I encouraged them: “It’s our duty to help Suzhou!”
Our team collected over 100kg of rubbish! This experience gave us 58 to learn teamwork and environmental protection.
World Environment Day teaches us that small actions create big changes. Next year, let’s make Suzhou even greener together!
【答案】54．Unluckily 55．on my own 56．collection 57．gave up 58．a chance
【导语】本文主要介绍了作者的学校去金鸡湖捡垃圾的经历，从这次经历让学生们意识到保护环境的重要性。
【详解】54．句意：不幸的是，仍有许多人没有意识到污染问题的严重性。此空位于句首，且空格后用逗号隔开，应填副词作状语。根据“many people still don’t realize how serious pollution is”可知，许多人还没有意识到污染问题的严重性，这是一件不幸的事情，unluckily“不幸地”，故填Unluckily。
55．句意：起初，我独自一人在湖边捡拾塑料瓶。根据“Soon classmates joined me”可知，后来有其他的同学加入进来，由此可知刚开始是作者独自一个人在捡塑料瓶，on one’s own“独自”，主语是I，用my替代one’s，故填on my own。
56．句意：不久，同学们也和我一起参与了垃圾收集活动。根据“joined me”和“waste”可知，此处指共同参与收集垃圾，故填collection。
57．句意：一些学生在烈日下感到十分疲惫，几乎要放弃努力了。根据“ felt tired”可知，感到很累，几乎要放弃了，give up“放弃”，根据felt可知，此句是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填gave up。
58．句意：这次经历让我们有机会学习团队合作以及环境保护的知识。根据“This experience gave us… to learn teamwork and environmental protection.”可知，给了我们一个机会来学习环境保护的知识，a chance“一个机会”，故填a chance。
（2025七年级下·上海徐汇·期末）选择最恰当的单词完成短文，每个单词只能用一次。
A．lost B．great C． healthier D．left E. wild F. live
When it comes to saving wild animals, few people will think of horses. But there is one kind of horse that is in 59 need of help. They’re Przewalski’s horses (普氏野马).
At first, Przewalski’s horses lived in the steppes (大草原) in Mongolia. Because of human activities, they 60 their homes and had to move to deserts. However, people still captured (捕获) them. People saw the very last wild Przewalski’s horse in 1969. After it died, there were no Przewalski’s horses in the 61 .
Luckily, there were some Przewalski’s horses in zoos. In 1900, an animal trader named Carl Hagenbeck caught a lot of baby Przewalski’s horses and sold them to Europe. Only 53 of the baby horses survived (艰难度过) the trip and they went to zoos there.
In the 1970s, there were about 300 Przewalski’s horses 62 in the world, because fewer and fewer baby horses were born. Then three people from the Netherlands decided to do something to save Przewalski’s horses. They bought the horses from zoos and put them in special reserves. When the horses became 63 and learned the skills of living in nature, they went into the wild in Mongolia.
【答案】59．B 60．A 61．E 62．D 63．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了普氏野马生存历史。
【详解】59．句意：但有一种马非常需要帮助。need是名词，此处使用形容词great进行修饰，be in great need of表示“非常需要”。故填B。
60．句意：由于人类活动，它们失去了家园，并且不得不迁徙到沙漠。空处缺少谓语动词，结合“Because of human activities”可知，lost“失去”符合语境，表示“人类活动导致它们失去家园”。故填A。
61．句意：它死后，野外没有普氏野马了。根据“People saw the very last wild Przewalski’s horse in 1969.”可知，此处是in the wild“在野外”。故填E。
62．句意：在20世纪70年代，世界上只剩下大约300匹普氏野马，因为出生的小马越来越少。根据“there were about 300 Przewalski’s horses...in the world”可知，此处使用left“剩下的”，介绍当时剩余的普氏野马数量。故填D。
63．句意：当这些马变得更健康并学会了在自然中生活的技能后，它们进入了蒙古的野外。become后接形容词作表语，结合“they went into the wild in Mongolia”可知，此处使用healthier“更健康的”，表示“这些马变得更健康以后可进入野外生活”。故填C。
（2025七年级下·福建泉州·期末）阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
sun, kilometre, fail, return, beautiful, half, decide, packet, much, fall
Last Sunday, my family went to the countryside for a picnic. The weather was 64 and we felt very comfortable. We brought 65 food, including sandwiches, fruit, and a 66 of chips. The place was about 10 67 away, so we drove there in 68 an hour.
When we arrived, my sister and I 69 to fly a kite while my parents prepared lunch. Suddenly, the kite 70 into a tree. My father tried to climb the tree to get it, but he 71 . Luckily, a farmer passing by used a stick to help us. After lunch, we took a walk along a small river and saw many 72 flowers. Before leaving, we made sure to take all the rubbish 73 with us. It was a wonderful day!
【答案】
64．sunny 65．much 66．packet 67．kilometers 68．half 69．decided 70．fell 71．failed 72．beautiful 73．back
【导语】本文叙述了作者和家人周末去乡村野餐的经历。
64．句意：天气晴朗，我们感到非常舒适。根据“The weather was”及备选词可知，此处描写天气，空处填形容词作表语，sun形容词是sunny“晴朗的”。故填sunny。
65．句意：我们带了许多食物，包括三明治、水果和一包薯片。food是不可数名词，结合备选词可知，用much修饰，表示“许多”。故填much。
66．句意：我们带了许多食物，包括三明治、水果和一包薯片。根据“a ... of chips”可知，空处填量词，结合备选词可知packet“袋”符合句意，空前是不定冠词a，名词用单数。故填packet。
67．句意：那个地方距离大约10公里，所以我们开车半小时就到了。根据“The place was about 10 ... away”可知，此处表示距离，备选词kilometer“公里”符合句意，空前数词修饰可数名词复数。故填kilometers。
68．句意：那个地方距离大约10公里，所以我们开车半小时就到了。half an hour“半个小时”，固定短语。故填half。
69．句意：到达后，我和妹妹决定放风筝，而父母准备午餐。根据“to fly a kite”可知，此处指决定放风筝，decide to do sth“决定做某事”，根据前半句可知，时态用一般过去时，decide过去式是decided。故填decided。
70．句意：突然，风筝挂到了树上。空处缺少动词作谓语，根据“My father tried to climb the tree to get it,”可知，风筝挂在了树上，fall into“落入”符合句意，本文是叙述过去发生的事情，因此时态用一般过去时，fall过去式是fell。故填fell。
71．句意：父亲试图爬树去拿，但没成功。根据“My father tried to climb the tree to get it, but he”可知，前后句意表示转折，说明失败了，该句是一般过去时，应用fail过去式failed“失败”。故填failed。
72．句意：午饭后，我们沿着小河散步，看到了许多美丽的花朵。根据“flowers”可知，此处填形容词修饰flowers，结合备选词可知，形容花用beautiful“美丽的”。故填beautiful。
73．句意：离开前，我们确保将所有垃圾都带走。take back“带回”，固定短语，此处表示把垃圾带回来。符合句意。故填back。/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
题型过关第6讲 选词填空
一、整体做题四步法（通用所有题型）
1. 看方框，标注词性+词义
先浏览备选单词，在旁边简写：名词(n.)、动词(v.)、形容词(adj.)、副词(adv.)、介词(prep.)、代词(pron.)、连词(conj.)，同时熟记中文意思。
2. 通读短文，定基调
快速读全文，明确文章时态、主题、人称，整体把握语境。
3. 逐空做题，先易后难
分析空格在句中的成分，判断所需词性，从备选词里筛选；选完一个划掉一个，避免重复使用。
4. 变形+复查
有词形要求的，按语法变换形式；全部填完后通读全文，检查语义、语法、拼写是否通顺。
二、核心判断技巧：根据空格位置定词性
这是解题关键，记住位置规律，快速锁定候选词：
1. 空格前有冠词(a/an/the)、数词、many/some → 大概率填名词
注意：名词要判断单复数。
2. 空格在主语后、作谓语 → 填动词
注意：结合时态、主谓一致，变三单/过去式/现在分词。
3. 空格修饰名词，或在be动词/感官动词(feel/look/sound)后 → 填形容词
4. 空格修饰动词、形容词，或在句首/句末表状态 → 填副词（大多由形容词+ly构成）
5. 空格在名词前、后接名词，或固定搭配里 → 填介词
6. 连接两个句子/短语 → 填连词（and/but/so/because等）
7. 句子缺主语/宾语 → 填代词
三、两大题型专项解法
题型1：选词+词形变换（考试主流，难点）
方框给出原形单词，不仅要选词，还要正确变形，考点和短文填空高度重合。
高频考点&变形规则
1. 动词（最高频）
一般现在时：主语是三单 → 动词变三单形式
一般过去时：通篇过去语境/ yesterday/last... → 变过去式
现在进行时：now/look/listen → be + doing
固定搭配：like/enjoy/practice + doing；want/hope/decide + to do
情态动词(can/must/should) + 动词原形
2. 名词
前面有大于1的数词、many、a lot of、several → 变复数
表所属关系 → 变名词所有格
3. 形容词 副词
形容词变副词：一般直接加 ly（quick→quickly）
出现 than → 形容词/副词变比较级
4. 词性转换
名词→形容词（care→careful）、形容词→名词（different→difference）等，结合句子成分判断。
做题示例
备选词：run, happy, two
句子：He ____ every morning.
解析：缺谓语动词，every morning表一般现在时，主语he三单 → 填 runs
题型2：纯选词（无变形，难度低）
方框单词形式固定，只考词义辨析、固定搭配、上下文逻辑。
1. 优先抓固定搭配
课内短语直接匹配，如 be good at, look after, take part in 等。
2. 利用逻辑连词判断
and/also：前后语义相近、顺承
but：前后语义相反、转折
so/because：表因果关系
3. 排除法做题
先把确定的词选走划掉，剩余选项再结合句意逐一筛选。
四、经典词义辨析（初一常考易混词）
考试高频易混词，区分词义再选词：
1. some / any：some用于肯定句；any用于否定句、疑问句
2. too / also / either：too句末；also句中；either用于否定句句末
3. spend / take / cost：人作主语用spend；it作形式主语用take；物作主语用cost
4. other / another / others：another+单数名词；other+复数名词
5. interesting / interested：物作主语用interesting；人作主语用interested
五、高分避坑&失分点总结
1. 重复选词：选完单词立刻在方框里划掉，初一题目大多一词只用一次。
2. 忘记词形变形：这是头号丢分点，选对单词≠做对题，务必结合语法变形式。
3. 只看单句，脱离语境：个别单词单句通顺，但不符合全文主旨，一定要结合上下文。
4. 词性判断错误：分不清形容词和副词，牢记“形修名、副修动”。
5. 时态前后矛盾：全文时态保持统一，不要中途随意更换。
6. 忽略固定搭配：很多空格不靠翻译，只考课本短语，平时多积累。
（2025七年级下·四川成都·期末）从下面方框中选出10个单词，将其正确形式填入短文，使短文意思正确通顺（每词限用一次）。
although because care he look sing stay student three treat true worry
I had a dream last night. In the dream, my brother Jimmy 1 happily with his friends.
However, this would never be the 2 in real life. I have three brothers. Nelson and Johnny are normal (正常的), but my 3 brother, Jimmy, is an autistic (自闭症的) child. He doesn’t know how to talk with others and how to take care of 4 . No one would like to make friends with him at school.
5 for him, my mother stopped her job and now 6 at home. She takes Jimmy to a large hospital to get 7 every Friday, but it doesn’t work well. Jimmy still doesn’t know what to do at school. He usually forgets to bring his things home and sometimes loses his books.
As Jimmy’s sister, I’m really 8 about him. I hear that some students often laugh at him. Some boys once took away other 9 pencils and put them in Jimmy’s schoolbag. Then they told the teacher Jimmy did that. When this happened, Jimmy just looked confused and didn’t say anything.
Every time I hear about these things, I feel really upset. Jimmy is always happy, 10 life is difficult for him. I love my brother and I’m sure that things will be better soon and that he’ll grow up happily.
（2025七年级下·黑龙江鹤岗·期末）从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。方框中有一个词为多余项。
watch after weekend but about interesting on I however buy weather
Dear Mary,
How are you and your parents Did you have a good time last 11 We had a day off this week. 12 I had a bad day.
I got up early in the morning, but the 13 was very bad. So I had to stay at home and help my mum do the housework. Then I went to the Gift Shop and 14 lots of gifts. After that, I read a boring book and 15 TV.
16 lunch, my parents wanted to go for a drive. I didn’t want to stay at home by myself, so I went with them. 17 , that wasn’t 18 either. In the evening, my best friend told me to watch an interesting movie 19 sharks (鲨鱼). But I found it wasn’t interesting at all. Please write to 20 soon!
Yours,
Lily
（2025七年级下·陕西汉中·期末）用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。）
be lovely leg must often symbol do slow save they
Do you know turtles (海龟) They are not new to us. We can 21 see them at the zoo. They’re 22 . But how much do you know about them
Turtles are usually over 1 metre long. They have four 23 , a small tail and a sharp mouth, but they have no teeth. They live under the water. They crawl (爬行) very 24 , but they are good swimmers. They can live up to 150 years, so they are a 25 of long life.
Turtles are an important part of the sea, but there 26 only seven kinds of turtles now and five of them are from China. They are in great danger now. People throw lots of rubbish (垃圾) into the sea. It makes turtles lose 27 homes.
People also kill them for their meat. So there are fewer and fewer turtles in the sea. We need to 28 them now. What can we do 29 not eat the food made of turtles. And we 30 keep the sea clean and let them have a nice place to live in.
（2025七年级下·江苏南京·期末）
change one’s mind bump into fight for be amazed at come true wait for
31．The children the magician’s performance during last Friday’s school event.
32．They each other three times this week, and who knows Maybe a fourth meeting is just around the corner.
33．If the weather gets better, we and go hiking instead.
34． your dreams often means facing difficulties and failures.
35．He saved money for months the concert tickets to go on sale (打折).
（2025七年级下·广东湛江·期末）请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。请将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。
quickly, under, hot, sound, hard, a, it, relaxing, and, dance, cold, problem
We can watch the rain in summer and enjoy the snow in winter. But can we see the wind You will say no, but it blows all year round.
We can’t see the wind, but we can feel it. When we sit 36 a tree on a hot summer day, the wind can cool us off. When we take 37 walk on a winter morning, the wind blows and makes us feel 38 like ice.
We can’t see the wind, but we can hear 39 . Listen! The leaves are singing in the autumn wind. When the wind blows hard, it 40 like a train.
We can’t see the wind, but we can see what it is doing. Look! The flags are 41 in the spring wind. The wind can make things easy. Sometimes it helps us go 42 by bike and it makes the boat move fast on the river. The wind can make things difficult. Sometimes it can be 43 to walk in the strong wind. Very big wind can cause (造成) 44 , because it can blow down trees and some houses. Then the people and animals may lose their homes.
The wind makes things fun 45 sometimes it also makes things bad. What do you think of the windy weather
（2025七年级下·北京海淀·期末）阅读下面短文，在方框内选择最佳选项将短文补充完整。其中有2个多余选项。
A．run after B．full of C． pick up D．relax E. busy F. hope
It was a weekend morning. The weather was great. Tom was walking his pet dog in a small park. The little happy dog saw a colorful butterfly and started to 46 it excitedly. Tom watched his pet quietly, enjoying the lively scene. After playing with the butterfly for a while, the dog began to jump around happily on the grass. The dog was 47 energy, but Tom felt a little bit tired. Then he found a bench, sat down, and began to 48 , feeling the gentle wind on his face. Tom felt very thankful for this peaceful moment away from his 49 daily life.
（2025七年级下·北京西城·期末）根据短文内容，从方框中选出恰当的词，并将对应的A、B、C、D填在答题卡的相应位置上。
A．color B．improve C． stronger D．different
Brightly colored fruits and vegetables are like nature’s superheroes! Yellow bananas 50 your memory with vitamin B, while red peppers fight colds with vitamin C． When you eat 51 colors every day—like green cucumber, yellow corn, and purple cabbage in a salad—their powers come together. This makes your body 52 , gives you more energy, and even helps your brain work smarter. So, try adding vegetables to sandwiches or eating fruits as snacks. Remember, fill your plate with 53 every day!
（2025七年级下·江苏苏州·期末）请认真阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的单词或短语，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入其正确形式。每个单词或短语仅用一次。
luck chance on one’s own give up collect
World Environment Day: a great day to protect the environment. 54 , many people still don’t realize how serious pollution is. On World Environment Day (June 5th), our school decided to take action at Jinji Lake.
At first, I worked 55 picking up plastic bottles near the lake. Soon classmates joined me in the waste 56 . Some students felt tired and almost 57 under the hot sun, but I encouraged them: “It’s our duty to help Suzhou!”
Our team collected over 100kg of rubbish! This experience gave us 58 to learn teamwork and environmental protection.
World Environment Day teaches us that small actions create big changes. Next year, let’s make Suzhou even greener together!
（2025七年级下·上海徐汇·期末）选择最恰当的单词完成短文，每个单词只能用一次。
A．lost B．great C． healthier D．left E. wild F. live
When it comes to saving wild animals, few people will think of horses. But there is one kind of horse that is in 59 need of help. They’re Przewalski’s horses (普氏野马).
At first, Przewalski’s horses lived in the steppes (大草原) in Mongolia. Because of human activities, they 60 their homes and had to move to deserts. However, people still captured (捕获) them. People saw the very last wild Przewalski’s horse in 1969. After it died, there were no Przewalski’s horses in the 61 .
Luckily, there were some Przewalski’s horses in zoos. In 1900, an animal trader named Carl Hagenbeck caught a lot of baby Przewalski’s horses and sold them to Europe. Only 53 of the baby horses survived (艰难度过) the trip and they went to zoos there.
In the 1970s, there were about 300 Przewalski’s horses 62 in the world, because fewer and fewer baby horses were born. Then three people from the Netherlands decided to do something to save Przewalski’s horses. They bought the horses from zoos and put them in special reserves. When the horses became 63 and learned the skills of living in nature, they went into the wild in Mongolia.
（2025七年级下·福建泉州·期末）阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
sun, kilometre, fail, return, beautiful, half, decide, packet, much, fall
Last Sunday, my family went to the countryside for a picnic. The weather was 64 and we felt very comfortable. We brought 65 food, including sandwiches, fruit, and a 66 of chips. The place was about 10 67 away, so we drove there in 68 an hour.
When we arrived, my sister and I 69 to fly a kite while my parents prepared lunch. Suddenly, the kite 70 into a tree. My father tried to climb the tree to get it, but he 71 . Luckily, a farmer passing by used a stick to help us. After lunch, we took a walk along a small river and saw many 72 flowers. Before leaving, we made sure to take all the rubbish 73 with us. It was a wonderful day!

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