资源简介

专题二：代词的指代与替代
专题讲解
一、人称代词与物主代词的对应关系
类别 主格 宾格 形代 名代
单1 I me my mine
单2 you you your yours
单3 he him his his
单3 she her her hers
单3 it it its its
复1 we us our ours
复2 you you your yours
复3 they them their theirs
易错点：
形容词性物主代词不能单独使用，后面必须跟名词：my book（√），my is new（×）
名词性物主代词可以单独使用：This book is mine（√）
its与it's的区别：its为形容词性物主代词（它的），it's = it is（它是）/it has（它有），二者不可混用
二、反身代词的构成
人称 单数 复数
第一人称 myself ourselves
第二人称 yourself yourselves
第三人称 himself / herself / itself themselves
必背短语：
by oneself：独自
enjoy oneself：玩得开心
help oneself to：随便吃/用（食物、物品等）
teach oneself：自学
dress oneself：自己穿衣
易错点：
yourself（单数）与yourselves（复数）需根据主语单复数严格区分
反身代词不能单独作主语：Myself will do it（×）→ I myself will do it（√），反身代词仅可作同位语、宾语、表语
三、不定代词的分类与用法
代词 含义 谓语数 用法举例
both 两者都 复数 Both of them are students.
either 两者之一 单数 Either answer is correct.
neither 两者都不 单数 Neither of them knows the truth.
all 三者及以上都 复数 All of the students passed.
none 三者及以上都不 单/复 None of the money is left. / None of the students are late.
each 每一个（侧重个体） 单数 Each of us has a dream.
every 每一个（侧重全体） 单数 Every student is here.
易错点：
both（两者）与all（三者及以上）数量范围严格区分，不可混用
neither（两者都不）与none（三者及以上都不）数量范围严格区分
each与every的核心区别：each可指两个及以上人/物，可单独作代词、主语；every仅指三者及以上，只能作定语修饰名词，不可单独使用
四、复合不定代词
类型 -thing -one -body
some- something someone somebody
any- anything anyone anybody
no- nothing no one nobody
every- everything everyone everybody
核心规则：
所有复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词一律用单数：Everyone is here.
形容词、副词修饰复合不定代词时，必须后置：something interesting（正确），interesting something（错误）
any-类不定代词多用于否定句、一般疑问句；some-类多用于肯定句，委婉请求、希望得到肯定答复的疑问句中可用some-类
no one仅指代人，不可接of短语；none可指代人或物，可接of短语，常用来回答how many/much提问
训练习题
一、语法填空（用适当的代词填空）
This is not my bag. __________ is black, but this one is blue.
She is an excellent teacher. __________ is loved by all her students.
The children enjoyed __________ at the beach yesterday.
__________ of the two answers is correct. Please try again.
I have two tickets. __________ of you can go with me.
The boy is too young to dress __________. His mother helps him.
—The box is too heavy. Can you help __________
—No problem.
__________ is knocking at the door. Go and see who it is.
I have __________ to tell you. Please listen carefully.
He made the birthday cake by __________. He is proud of it.
The old man lives by __________, but he never feels lonely.
This dictionary is not __________. __________ is on the desk.
—Would you like __________ to drink
—Yes, a cup of tea, please.
__________ of the three plans sounds reasonable. We need a fourth one.
The twins are different in character. One is outgoing, __________ is shy.
二、语法填空（阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的代词）
A
My name is Li Wei. 1__________ am in Grade 8. I have a best friend. 2__________ name is Zhang Ming. 3 __________is the most hard-working student in our class.4__________ of us share the same hobby—we both love playing basketball. Every Friday afternoon, 5__________ practice together on the school playground.
Last week, Zhang Ming invited 6__________ to his home. 7__________ parents prepared a big dinner for 8__________. 9 __________was my first time to visit his home. “Make10__________ at home,” he said warmly. We talked a lot about our dreams. He told 11__________ that he wanted to be a pilot. “I believe in12__________,” I said. “You can make it.”
After dinner, we did homework together. I had trouble with a math problem. He explained it to 13__________ patiently. “Thank 14__________ for your help,” I said. “That’s what friends are for,” he replied with a smile. I feel lucky to have a friend like 15__________.
B
Dear Editor,
I am a middle school student. Recently, I find1__________ in a difficult situation. I borrowed a book from the school library, but I lost 2__________. The book is very expensive. I don‘t have enough money to buy a new 3__________. 4__________ can I do
My parents are always busy with5__________ work. I don’t want to worry 6__________. My best friend offered to lend 7__________ some money, but 8__________ is also saving for a gift for her mother. I can‘t take 9__________ from her.
I have been blaming 10__________ for being so careless. I don’t know how to solve this problem. Could you give 11__________ some advice I would really appreciate 12 __________if you could help me out.
Yours,
A worried student
答案与解析
一、语法填空
题号 答案 解析
1 Mine 名词性物主代词，相当于my bag，可单独在句中作主语。
2 She 人称代词主格，在句中作主语，指代前文的女性老师。
3 themselves enjoy oneself 为固定短语，意为“玩得开心”；主语children为复数，对应反身代词themselves。
4 Neither the two answers 限定两者范围，neither表示“两者都不”，作主语时谓语动词用单数，贴合语境。
5 Both two tickets 提示两者，both of you 表示“你们两人都”，符合“有两张票可两人同行”的语境。
6 himself dress oneself 固定搭配“自己穿衣”，主语the boy为单数第三人称，对应himself。
7 me 人称代词宾格，在句中作动词help的宾语。
8 Someone 肯定句中表示“某人、有人”，用someone，泛指不确定的人。
9 something something to tell you 为常用固定搭配，意为“有事情要告诉你”。
10 himself by oneself 表示“独自地、靠自己”，主语he对应反身代词himself。
11 himself live by oneself 意为“独自居住”，主语the old man对应himself。
12 mine, Mine 两处均用名词性物主代词mine，等同于my dictionary，可单独作表语和主语。
13 something 委婉请求的疑问句，希望得到对方肯定答复，用something而非anything。
14 None three 提示三者及以上范围，none表示“三者及以上都不”，符合“需要第四套方案”的语境。
15 the other one...the other... 为固定搭配，专用于两者之间，表“一个……另一个……”。
二、语法填空
A
题号 答案 解析
1 I 第一人称主格，在句中作主语，对应自我介绍语境。
2 His 形容词性物主代词，修饰名词name，指代男生张明的名字。
3 He 人称代词主格，指代张明，在句中作主语。
4 Both 指代“我和张明”两人，both of us 表“我们两人都”。
5 we 主格代词，在句中作主语，指代我们两人。
6 me 宾格代词，作动词invited的宾语。
7 His 形容词性物主代词，修饰parents，指代张明的父母。
8 us 宾格代词，指代我和张明，作介词for的宾语。
9 It 形式主语代词，指代前文“去张明家”这件事。
10 yourself make oneself at home 固定搭配，意为“别拘束、随意”。
11 me 宾格代词，作动词told的宾语。
12 yourself believe in oneself 固定搭配，意为“相信自己”。
13 me 宾格代词，作介词to的宾语。
14 you 宾格代词，作动词thank的宾语。
15 him 宾格代词，指代张明，作介词like的宾语。
B
题号 答案 解析
1 myself find oneself in a situation 为固定搭配，意为“发现自己处于某种处境”，主语为第一人称I，对应反身代词myself。
2 it it为特指代词，指代上文提到的同一单数事物the book，指代同一物体。
3 one one表泛指，指代同类事物中的任意一个，此处指代一本新书，避免与前文名词重复。
4 What 固定特殊疑问句式 What can I do ，用于询问解决办法，句首单词首字母需大写。
5 their 形容词性物主代词，修饰名词work，指代父母的工作，be busy with their work 为常用搭配。
6 them 人称代词宾格，作动词worry的宾语，指代前文提到的parents。
7 me 人称代词宾格，作lend的宾语，lend sb. sth. 表示“借给某人某物”。
8 she 人称代词主格，在句中作主语，指代前文的my best friend（女性）。
9 it 代词it指代前文提到的不可数名词money，避免名词重复。
10 myself blame oneself 为固定搭配，意为“自责、责怪自己”，主语为I，对应反身代词myself。
11 me 人称代词宾格，作give的宾语，give sb. advice 表示“给某人提建议”。
12 it 固定句型 I would appreciate it if...，it 作形式宾语，指代后文对方帮忙这件事，为高频考点句型。

展开更多......

收起↑