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专题三：数词与主谓一致
专题讲解
一、基数词与序数词
数字 基数词 序数词 缩写 易错点
1 one first 1st 不规则变化
2 two second 2nd 不规则变化
3 three third 3rd 不规则变化
4 four fourth 4th 去u加th
5 five fifth 5th ve变f加th
8 eight eighth 8th 去t加h
9 nine ninth 9th 去e加th
12 twelve twelfth 12th ve变f加th
20 twenty twentieth 20th y变ie加th
21 twenty-one twenty-first 21st 只变个位
100 one hundred hundredth 100th 直接加th
易错点：
fifth无u，ninth无e，twelfth无v，属于高频拼写易错序数词；
序数词前通常加the：the first time（第一次）；
编号表达两种形式：Lesson One（基数词后置）/ the first lesson（序数词前置）。
二、hundred / thousand / million / billion 的用法
结构 规则 例句
具体数字 不加-s，不加of two hundred students
模糊数量 加-s，加of hundreds of students
与several/many连用 两种均可 several hundred(s) of people
易错点：
具体数字与of结构不能同时使用：two hundreds of（×），two hundred（√）；
表示确切“几百、几千”时，单位词后不加s：three hundred（√）。
三、分数的表达
分子 分母 规则 例词
1 任意 分子基数词 + 分母序数词 one third (1/3)
>1 任意 分子基数词 + 分母序数词+s two thirds (2/3)
1 2 特殊表达 a/one half (1/2)
1 4 特殊表达 a/one quarter (1/4)
核心语法规则：分数作主语时，谓语动词与of后的名词保持一致
Two thirds of the water is polluted.（water为不可数名词，谓语用单数）
Two thirds of the students are from China.（students为可数复数，谓语用复数）
四、主谓一致的核心规则
规则 说明 例句
and连接 表示不同的人/物，谓语用复数 He and I are friends.
with/together with 谓语与前面的主语保持一致（就前原则） He, with his parents, is coming.
either...or / neither...nor 就近原则，谓语与靠近的主语一致 Either you or he is wrong.
not only...but also 就近原则，谓语与靠近的主语一致 Not only he but also I am interested.
each/every/no 修饰单数名词，谓语用单数 Each boy has a book.
a number of 意为“许多”，接复数名词，谓语用复数 A number of students are here.
the number of 意为“……的数量”，谓语用单数 The number of students is 50.
时间/金钱/距离 视为一个整体，谓语用单数 Three years is a long time.
the + 形容词 表示一类人，谓语用复数 The rich are not always happy.
集体名词 family/class/team等，强调整体用单数，强调内部成员用复数 My family is large. / My family are watching TV.
易错点：
a number of（许多）与the number of（……的数量）的区别是中考高频考点；
就近原则仅适用于固定句型，不可随意套用。
训练习题
一、语法填空（用所给单词的正确形式填空）
September is the __________ (nine) month of the year.
He lives on the __________ (twenty) floor of that building.
My birthday is on May __________ (five).
There are two __________ (hundred) books in this reading corner.
__________ (hundred) of volunteers joined the cleanup activity last Saturday.
About three __________ (quarter) of the land in this area is farmland.
The ________ (one) thing we should do is to stay calm.
This is my ________ (three) time to visit the science museum.
The river is about two ________ (thousand) meters long.
________ (million) of people watched the game online.
The number of the students in our school ________ (be) 1,200.
A number of new houses ________ (be) built in our town every year.
Neither you nor he ________ (know) the answer to this question.
The old ________ (be) respected in our country.
Three weeks ________ (be) not enough for such a project.
Either you or I ________ (be) going to attend the meeting.
Not only Tom but also his parents ________ (be) interested in Chinese painting.
Each of the students ________ (have) a chance to show his talent.
The police ________ (be) searching for the missing boy.
This pair of shoes ________ (be) made in Italy.
二、语法填空（短文填空）
A
Our school held a sports meeting last week. It was the 1 __________ (ten) sports meeting since our school was founded. About eight 2 __________ (hundred) students took part in the competition. 3 __________ (million) of cheers came from the audience.
In the boys’ 800-meter race, Li Ming ran the fastest. He finished 4 __________ (one). Two 5 __________ (three) of the students in his class went to cheer for him. The whole class was proud of him.
The number of the participants 6 __________ (be) much larger than last year. A number of new records 7 __________ (be) set during the two-day event. Each of the winners 8 __________ (receive) a medal and a certificate. The headmaster said, “9 __________ (three) of the money from ticket sales will be donated to charity. The rest 10 __________ (be) used to buy new sports equipment.”
B
Dear friends,
I am writing to share my experience as a volunteer teacher in a mountain village. There are only 1 __________ (three) classrooms in this small school. The 2 __________ (one) time I entered the classroom, 3 __________(twenty) pairs of eyes looked at me with curiosity.
About two 4 __________ (quarter) of the students have never been to the city. Five 5 __________ (hundred) kilometers away from here is the nearest hospital. The number of the students 6 __________ (be) 48. A number of them 7 __________ (walk) more than two hours to get to school every day.
The village has changed a lot in recent years. 8 __________ (hundred) of new trees have been planted. Two 9 __________ (five) of the villagers have learned new farming skills. Neither the government nor the local people 10 __________ (give) up their efforts to make life better. Each of us 11 __________ (believe) that the future will be brighter.
I am proud to be part of this change. The experience will stay with me for the rest of my life.
Yours,
Li Hua
答案与解析
一、语法填空
题号 答案 解析
1 ninth nine的序数词为不规则变化，去e加th，是高频拼写考点。
2 twentieth 以ty结尾的整十数变序数词，需变y为ie，再加th。
3 fifth five变序数词，ve变f再加th，拼写注意无字母u。
4 hundred 具体数字修饰hundred、thousand等单位词时，单位词用原形，不加s、不加of。
5 Hundreds hundreds of 为固定模糊数量短语，表“成百上千的”，句首首字母大写。
6 quarters quarter为可数名词，分数中分子大于1时，分母对应的名词需变复数。
7 first 序数词用于表示顺序，the first thing 是常用固定搭配。
8 third the third time 为固定句式，表“第三次做某事”，必须用序数词。
9 thousand two为具体数字，修饰thousand用原形，无s、无of。
10 Millions millions of 固定短语，泛指“数百万的、大量的”人或事物。
11 is the number of 表示“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词统一用单数。
12 are a number of 表示“许多”，修饰复数名词，作主语时谓语用复数。
13 knows neither...nor... 遵循就近原则，靠近谓语的主语是he（第三人称单数），动词用三单形式。
14 are the + 形容词表示“一类人”，属于复数概念，谓语动词用复数。
15 is 时间、距离、金钱类复数名词，整体视作一个单数整体，谓语动词用单数。
16 am either...or... 遵循就近原则，靠近谓语的主语是I，对应be动词am。
17 are not only...but also... 遵循就近原则，靠近谓语的parents为复数，谓语用复数。
18 has each of + 复数名词，核心主语为each（单数），谓语动词用单数三单形式。
19 are police 指代全体警务人员，为复数概念，谓语动词用复数。
20 is a pair of 修饰物品时，核心主语是pair（单数），谓语动词与pair保持一致。
二、短文语法填空
A篇
题号 答案 解析
1 tenth 此处表示运动会的届数，表顺序需用序数词，ten的序数词为tenth。
2 hundred eight是具体数字，修饰hundred用原形，不加s、不加of。
3 Millions millions of 固定搭配，泛指大量，用于修饰抽象的数量概念。
4 first finish first 为固定用法，意为“取得第一名”，需用序数词。
5 thirds 分数表达规则：分子大于1时，分母序数词必须变为复数。
6 is the number of 表“……的数量”，主语为单数概念，谓语用单数is。
7 are a number of 表“许多”，修饰复数名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数。
8 received 运动会举办、选手获奖都是过去发生的动作，句子用一般过去时。
9 Two-thirds 英语分数标准连写格式，分子大于1，分母用复数，此处指三分之二门票收入。
10 is the rest 此处指代不可数名词money，整体为单数概念，谓语动词用单数。
B篇
题号 答案 解析
1 three 此处表示具体的三间教室，基数词直接修饰复数名词，无需变形。
2 first the first time 为高频固定短语，意为“第一次”，必须用序数词。
3 twenty 基数词twenty表示具体数量，直接修饰复数名词eyes。
4 quarters two quarters 等同于 one half（二分之一），分子大于1，quarter需变复数。
5 hundred five为具体数字，修饰hundred用原形，无s、无of。
6 is the number of 作主语，谓语动词固定用单数，是中考核心考点。
7 walk a number of 后接复数主语，描述学生日常上学的常态，用一般现在时动词原形。
8 Hundreds hundreds of 固定泛指短语，表“成百上千的”，修饰树木数量。
9 fifths 分数变法规则，分子two大于1，分母fifth需变为复数fifths。
10 give neither...nor... 遵循就近原则，就近主语为复数local people，陈述客观常态用一般现在时原形。
11 believes each of us 作主语，核心主体为each（单数），谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

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