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(共37张PPT)
Grammar
上
（沪教2026版）八年级
Unit 8
Imagine that!
Learning objectives
00
Lead in
Presentation
2
Practice
Production
4
Deepthinking
Summary
6
Assessment
1
3
5
7
Homework
8
By the end of the lesson, I will be able to...
1
2
3
use because, as, since and because of to express reasons correctly.
write reason clauses in different positions with proper punctuation.
use these structures to complete grammar exercises accurately.
00
Learning objectives
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discuss opinions logically with reason expressions in speaking tasks.
4
Lead in
01
Look and talk.
Q1: Why does the mother bird stop the kid from going out at first
A1: __________ it is raining heavily outside.
Q2: Why does the kid do homework at home in the end
A2: ____the rain is too heavy, he has to stay indoors.
Because
As
Lead in
01
Q3: Why did their father refuse to believe them
A3: Since no one else saw the aliens, he thought they were just imagining things.
Lead in
01
今天我们来聊聊外星生命。你是否也曾好奇不明飞行物（UFO）是否真实存在？现在大家可以试着得出自己的看法。
美国国防部已开始公开一批全新的不明飞行物相关档案。其在社交平台 X 上发布声明称：“特朗普总统致力于向公众做到最大限度信息透明。” 特朗普也在真相社交平台上发文表示，民众可以自行解读这批公开文件和视频中的内容，还写道：“不妨一看，乐在其中！”
本次首批公开的档案共计 162 份，来源遍布全球，涵盖美国、非洲、阿联酋等多地。例如，其中一份 2023 年 9 月的报告提到，一名无人机驾驶员观测到一个条状发光物体，其亮度极高，甚至能看清空中光带的纹路。还有一张美国国家航空航天局（NASA）1972 年阿波罗 17 号任务拍摄的照片，画面里有三个光点呈三角排列。此外，档案中还包含多段视频，视频里能看到各类飞行物体，有的是快速移动的光点，也有一些轮廓模糊的点状物体在陆地上空飞行。
就在这批档案对外公开之际，美国国防部 2024 年的一份报告驳斥了相关传言，否认美国政府曾回收外星科技，也表示目前没有证据证实外星生命真实存在。相关专家也提醒大众理性看待这批公开档案，因为这类资料很容易被误读。
Watch and think.
核心词汇
extraterrestrial life 外星生命
Pentagon 美国国防部（代称）
transparency n. 透明度
rebut v. 反驳，驳斥
ambiguous adj. 模糊不清的
misinterpret v. 误解，曲解
专有名词
UFO 不明飞行物
Apollo 17 阿波罗 17 号（美国登月任务）
drone pilot 无人机驾驶员
Q: Why do people have a chance to know more about UFOs
A: Because the Pentagon has released new files on UFOs.
Q: Why can people make their own judgments about the files
A: Because Trump said people could decide for themselves what was going on.
Q: Why do experts ask people to be careful with these files
A: Because the material can often be misinterpreted.
Lead in
01
Listen and think.
Presentation
02
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Adverbial clauses of reason
原因状语从句
Adverbial clauses of reason tell us why things happen.
Read the summary of the story on page 117.
Pay attention to the words in bold. Then answer the questions.
(1) Why was there a loud noise last night
(2) Why couldn’t the spaceship fly
Presentation
02
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(1) Why was there a loud noise last night
(2) Why couldn’t the spaceship fly
There was a loud noise last night because a spaceship crashed in the forest./
Because a spaceship crashed in the forest, there was a loud noise last night.
Because of the damage, the spaceship couldn’t fly./
The spaceship couldn’t fly because of the damage.
Presentation
02
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At midnight, there was a loud noise because a spaceship crashed in the forest. As it was too late to go outside, Tina and her brother Tom decided to go and have a look the next day instead. They found the spaceship in the forest. The spaceship couldn’t fly because of the damage. Tina and Tom saw the spaceship and some strange creatures in the forest. Since no one else saw the aliens, their father refused to believe them.
Let’s read.
Presentation
02
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We usually use because, as and since to introduce adverbial clauses of reason.
As / Because / Since no one else saw these aliens, I refuse to believe you.
We can put the adverbial clause of reason either before or after the main clause.
I refuse to believe you as / because / since no one else saw these aliens.
Let's sum up the rules!
Presentation
02
When we put the adverbial clause of reason at the beginning of the sentence, we often separate it from the main clause with a comma (,).
We can also use because of to give the reason for something.
We can use a noun, a noun phrase or an object pronoun after because of.
Look!
Presentation
02
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原因状语从句
原因状语从句是指在复合句中用来说明主句动作或状态发生原因的从句。
引导原因状语从句最常用的三个连词是：
because、since、as
它们都表示“因为”，但在语气和用法上有细微差别。
Presentation
02
（1）because 表示必然的因果关系，语气最强，通常用来回答由why提出的问题，或位于主句之后。
because引导的从句位于句首时，要用逗号和主句分开，放在句中时可不用逗号。
They had to stay at home because it was raining hard.
Presentation
02
（2）since 引导的从句常置于句首，表示已知的、显然的理由，通常被翻译成“既然”，“鉴于”，相当于now that，较为正式，语气比because弱。
Since you have time today, you had better help me with my English.
Presentation
02
（3）as 引导原因状语从句时表示双方已知的原因，语气比since弱，较为正式，对结果的附加说明，可位于句首或句末。
As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi.
because 和 because of的区别：
Presentation
02
1）because是连词，引导原因状语从句或回答以why开头的特殊疑问句。
2）because of是介词短语，其后接名词、代词或动名词。
because和so不能用在同一个句子中。
We have to wear masks because of the epidemic.
=We have to wear masks because the epidemic broke out.
Presentation
02
Practice
03
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1 The police officer asked Tom some more questions about the aliens.
Match the questions with the answers. Then use them to complete
the officer’s notes with as, since, because or because of.
Remember to write complete sentences.
Practice
03
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(1) Why was Tina sure that something landed in the forest near the hills
(2) Why did you and Tina hide
behind some bushes
(3) Why did you run away
(4) Why did your father refuse to
believe you
Police officer
Tom
a We heard some voices
speaking a strange language.
b She heard a loud noise last night.
c No one else saw these aliens.
d An alien saw us and made a
terrible noise.
Practice
03
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Police officer
Tom
(1) Why was Tina sure that something landed in the forest near the hills
b She heard a loud noise last night.
Let’s read and write.
Police officer’s notes
(1) (because of) ______________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Tina was sure that something landed in the forest near the hill because of a loud noise last night.
Practice
03
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Police officer
Tom
Let’s read and write.
Police officer’s notes
(2) (because) ______________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Tina and Tom hid behind some bushes because they heard some voices speaking a strange language.
(2) Why did you and Tina hide
behind some bushes
a We heard some voices
speaking a strange language.
Practice
03
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Police officer
Tom
Let’s read and write.
Police officer’s notes
(3) (as) ________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Tina and Tom ran away as alien saw them and made a terrible noise.
(3) Why did you run away
d An alien saw us and made a
terrible noise.
Practice
03
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Police officer
Tom
Let’s read and write.
Police officer’s notes
(4) (Since) _____________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Since no one else saw these aliens, Tina and Tom’s father refused to believe them.
(4) Why did your father refuse to believe you
c No one else saw these aliens.
Practice
03
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Complete the sentences with because, as, since or because of and the phrases below.
(1) We explore the ocean __________________________________________.
(2) Living on Mars is a possibility in the future______________________________.
(3) Jules Verne’s novels have been adapted for films many times_____________
_______________.
because we don’t know enough about it
because of the fast-developing technology
because they are well
written and exciting
its amazing special effects the fast-developing technology
Mars is the closest planet to the Earth space travel is often dangerous
there will be lots of amazing things out there we don’t know enough about it
so much of the universe is unexplored they are well written and exciting
Practice
03
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Complete the sentences with because, as, since or because of and the phrases below.
(4) I enjoyed watching Journey to the Centre of the Earth _____________________
_______________.
(5) ____________________________________________, humans have always
wanted to explore it.
(6) We don’t know if aliens exist ____________________________________.
because of its amazing
special effects
Because/As/Since Mars is the closest planet to the Earth
because so much of the universe is unexplored
its amazing special effects the fast-developing technology
Mars is the closest planet to the Earth space travel is often dangerous
there will be lots of amazing things out there we don’t know enough about it
so much of the universe is unexplored they are well written and exciting
2 Do you think aliens exist Why or why not
Read the news headlines and discuss the questions in pairs.
Grammar in use
>>>
Aliens exist and they could be living among us, says Britain’s first astronaut
S1: Since life exists on Earth, it is possible for it to exist on other planets
too.
S2: I agree. As there are so many planets in the universe, we’ll discover
alien life one day.
Why some experts believe alien life might really exist
Why some experts believe alien life might really exist
Production
04
Production
04
Production
04
Discuss in groups .
Since the universe is huge, it's possible that...
I think aliens exist because...
They may not exist as we haven't found solid evidence yet.
Evaluation (评价机制) Stars
Language (语言表达正确)
Content (内容完整充实)
Pronunciation (发音标准清晰)
Performance(整体表现优秀)
Excellent Great Good
Deep thinking
05
Aliens in the Forest
Last midnight, a strange spaceship crashed in the forest. Tina and her brother Tom felt very nervous __________ (because /as) they heard a loud noise outside their house.
_____(As /Because of) it was too dark and dangerous to go out at once, they decided to check the spaceship the next morning. They found the broken spaceship finally, and it couldn’t fly anymore ____________(because /because of) the terrible damage from the crash. They also saw some weird aliens with green skin near the ship.
__________ (Since /Because of) no other people saw these aliens, their father refused to believe their exciting story. The two kids hid behind bushes later, ______ (as/because) they were afraid that the aliens would notice them. They ran away quickly too, ___________
(because of/since) one alien caught sight of them and made a scary sound.
From this special experience, Tina and Tom believe aliens really exist. They hope more people can listen to their story one day.
Summary
06
语法填空
As
The grammar we have learned
Since
because
because of
as
because
Summary
06
The grammar we have learned
Adverbial clauses of reason
连词 语气强度 位置 用法说明
because 最强 可前 可后 表示直接、明确的原因，语气最强。常用语回答why开头的疑问句。放在主句后时，前面通常不加逗号。
since 中等 常放句首 表示显而易见或已知的原因，语气比because弱，比as稍强。相当于中文的“既然”“鉴于”。
as 最弱 常放句首 表示双方都知道的原因，语气最弱，多用于口语中。相当于中文的“由于”。
because of 一般 可前可后 后面加名词、动名词（V-ing）、代词宾格、名词短语
Unit 8 Imagine that!
Grammar
Adverbial clauses of reason（原因状语从句）
Assessment
07
Self-assessment
I can use because, as, since and because of to express reasons correctly.
I can write reason clauses in different positions with proper punctuation.
I can use these structures to complete grammar exercises accurately.
I can discuss opinions logically with reason expressions in speaking tasks.
Basic (基础)
Improving(提升)
Extend (拓展)
Homework
08
完成练习册对应原因状语从句的选择、填空基础题，整理 4 个结构的用法笔记。
就 “Do you think UFOs are real ” 写 5 句话小短文，每句至少用一种本节课学到的原因表达结构。
搜集 1 条科技新闻，摘抄里面表原因的句子，分析它用的是 because/since/as/because of 里的哪一种，下节课分享。
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