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沪教牛津八年级下册Unit 7 Space exploration 知识清单
（默写版）
目录
一、核心词汇（词形变换+搭配+例句） 2
（一）名词（n.） 2
（二）动词（v.） 3
（三）形容词（adj.） 4
二、核心词组（搭配+例句） 5
三、核心语法：过去进行时（The past continuous） 6
（一）语法定义 6
（二）基本结构 6
（三）主要用法（3种核心用法） 7
（四）易混点辨析：过去进行时 vs 一般过去时 7
（五）语法练习题 8
一、用括号内动词的正确形式填空（过去进行时或一般过去时） 8
二、单项选择 8
四、单元书面表达总结（写作指导+高分素材+范文+模板） 8
（一）写作框架梳理（清晰易懂，直接套用） 8
（二）高分词汇/词组积累 9
（三）参考范文 9
（四）写作模板 9
一、核心词汇（词形变换+搭配+例句）
（一）名词（n.）
1. beef 词义：牛肉
例句：Astronauts can eat _______________ in space as part of their daily meals.
2. seafood 词义：海鲜（不可数）
例句：There are many types of _______________ for astronauts to choose from in space.
3. mistake 词义：错误；失误
词形变换：_______________（adj. 错误的；弄错的）
例句：We can't afford to make any _______________ during the spacewalk.
4. muscle 词义：肌肉
词形变换：_______________（复数）
例句：Exercise can slow down the _______________ loss of astronauts in space.
5. gym 词义：健身房
词形变换：_______________（复数）；_______________（n. 体操）
例句：There is a small _______________ on the Tiangong space station.
6. satellite 词义：人造卫星
词形变换：_______________（复数）
例句：A Russian _______________ and an American satellite crashed into each other in 2009.
7. spaceflight 词义：航天；宇宙飞行
词形变换：_______________（复数）
例句：Nie Haisheng was selected for the Chinese _______________ programme in 1998.
8. fuel 词义：燃料
词形变换：_______________（复数/第三人称单数）
例句：The Tianzhou-2 spacecraft delivered _______________ to the Tiangong space station.
9. supply 词义：供应量；供给量
词形变换：_______________（复数）；_______________（n. 供货商）
例句：The spacecraft brought _______________ for the astronauts on the space station.
10. point 词义：时刻；阶段
词形变换：_______________（复数）
例句：At some _______________ in the future, human beings will visit Mars.
11. lab 词义：实验室（=laboratory）
词形变换：_______________（复数）
例句：Scientists often do their experiments in a _______________ on the space station.
（二）动词（v.）
12. afford 词义：承担得起（后果）；买得起
词形变换：_______________（adj. 负担得起的）
例句：We can't _______________ to take any risks during the space mission.
13. stick 词义：粘；贴
词形变换：_______________（adj. 黏（性）的）
例句：Astronauts have to _______________ their sleeping bags to the wall in space.
14. hit 词义：碰撞；撞击
词形变换：_______________（现在分词）
例句：The sleeping bag stops astronauts from _______________ something by mistake.
15. destroy 词义：摧毁
词形变换：_______________（n. 破坏）；_______________（n. 破坏者）
例句：A tiny piece of space junk can _______________ a spacecraft.
16. select 词义：挑选；选拔
词形变换：_______________（n. 选择）；_______________（adj. 选择性的）
例句：Nie Haisheng was _______________ for the Shenzhou-6 mission in 2005.
17. serve 词义：为……工作；服务；担任
词形变换：_______________（n. 服务）；_______________（n. 仆人）
例句：Nie Haisheng _______________ as commander on the Shenzhou-10 and Shenzhou-12 missions.
18. deliver 词义：传送；运载；交付
词形变换：_______________（n. 传送；交付）
例句：The Tianzhou-2 spacecraft _______________ equipment and supplies to the Tiangong space station.
（三）形容词（adj.）
19. average 词义：平均的
例句：The _______________ surface temperature of Mars is -63 °C.
20. probable 词义：很可能发生（或存在等）的
词形变换：_______________（adv. 大概；很可能）；_______________（n. 可能性）
例句：It is _______________ that we will travel to Mars by the 2050s.
21. stressful 词义：压力重的；紧张的
词形变换：_______________（n. 压力）
例句：Working in space can be _______________ because astronauts can't afford to make mistakes.
22. amazing 词义：令人大为惊奇的
词形变换：_______________（v. 使惊奇）；_______________（n. 惊奇）
例句：It is an _______________ experience to see the Earth from space.
二、核心词组（搭配+例句）
1. float around 含义：四处漂浮
例句：Everything _______________ around in space because there is no gravity.
2. take off 含义：（飞机、火箭）起飞
例句：The rocket _______________ successfully and entered orbit in 10 minutes.
3. for a while 含义：一段时间
例句：The astronauts stayed on the space station _______________ _______________ to do experiments.
4. turn out 含义：证明是；结果是
例句：It _______________ out that eating can be a pleasure in space too.
5. cannot afford to (do sth.) 含义：承担不起（做某事的后果）
例句：Astronauts _______________ _______________ to make any mistakes during spacewalks.
6. stick...to... 含义：把……粘到……上
例句：I have to _______________ my sleeping bag _______________ the wall to stop floating around.
7. by mistake 含义：错误地；无意中
例句：He _______________ the control panel _______________ mistake and caused a small problem.
8. daily routine 含义：日常生活；日常工作
例句：Exercise is an important part of astronauts' _______________ _______________ in space.
9. space junk 含义：太空垃圾
例句：_______________ _______________ is a big problem because it can destroy spacecraft.
10. crash into sth. 含义：撞上……
例句：Two satellites _______________ _______________ each other and created lots of space junk.
11. be selected for 含义：被选入；被选拔参加
例句：Zhai Zhigang was _______________ _______________ China's first spacewalk mission in 2008.
12. make sth. possible 含义：使得……成为可能
例句：The space station _______________ it _______________ for scientists to do experiments in space.
13. naked eye 含义：肉眼
例句：We can see the Tiangong space station with the _______________ _______________ at night.
14. slow down 含义：减缓；放慢
例句：Exercise can _______________ down the muscle loss of astronauts in space.
15. stay fit 含义：保持健康
例句：Astronauts use the gym on the space station to _______________ _______________.
16. perform a spacewalk 含义：进行太空行走
例句：Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo _______________ a _______________ outside the Tiangong space station in 2021.
三、核心语法：过去进行时（The past continuous）
（一）语法定义
过去进行时表示过去某个特定时间点或时间段内正在进行的动作，强调动作在过去"持续进行"的状态（而非完成的结果）。
（二）基本结构
肯定句：主语 + was/were + 动词-ing形式 + 其他
例句：We _______ _______ for instructions from ground control.
否定句：主语 + was/were + not + 动词-ing形式 + 其他
例句：I _______ _______ great when I first entered orbit.
一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 动词-ing形式 + 其他？
例句：_______ you _______ the rocket launch at 8 last night
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + Was/Were + 主语 + 动词-ing形式 + 其他？
例句：What _______ you _______ when the rocket took off
补充：was用于主语是 __ ___ ___ ____ （单数）；were用于主语是____ _____ _____（复数）。
（三）主要用法（3种核心用法）
用法1：描述过去特定时间点正在进行的动作
常与时间状语：at + 过去时间点、this time yesterday、at that moment等连用。
例句：At 10 o'clock yesterday morning, the astronauts _______________ experiments.
例句：This time yesterday, we _______________ into space.
用法2：描述过去某段时间内持续进行的动作
常与时间状语：from...to...、during...、all morning/afternoon等连用。
例句1：She _______________ English from 7 to 9 yesterday evening.
例句2：During the space mission, the crew _______________ equipment all day.
用法3：描述两个过去动作的关系（高频考点）
① 两个动作同时进行：用while连接，主句和从句都用过去进行时。
例句：While we _______________ into space, ground control _______________ us closely.
② 一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行：用when/while连接，短暂动作（已完成）用一般过去时，持续动作（进行中）用过去进行时。
例句：The phone rang while I _______________ the article about space.
例句：When the crash _______________, both satellites _______________ very fast.
（四）易混点辨析：过去进行时 vs 一般过去时
时态 核心侧重点 例句
过去进行时 动作持续进行的过程（未强调完成） He _______ ________ a book at 3 p.m. yesterday. （昨天下午 3 点，他正在看书。）
一般过去时 动作已完成的结果（强调 "做过某事"） He _____ a book yesterday. （他昨天读了一本书。）
（五）语法练习题
一、用括号内动词的正确形式填空（过去进行时或一般过去时）
1. When the astronaut ________ (arrive) at the space station, his teammates ________ (wait) for him.
2. We ________ (travel) very fast when we ________ (get) into orbit.
3. While the scientists ________ (do) experiments, the astronauts ________ (perform) a spacewalk.
4. I ________ (not feel) well when I first ________ (enter) space.
5. What ________ you ________ (do) at 8 last night I ________ (watch) a video about BDS.
二、单项选择
1. — What were you doing when the accident happened — I ________ a walk in the park.（ ）
A. take B. took C. was taking D. am taking
2. While my mother ________ dinner, I ________ my homework.（ ）
A. cooked; did B. was cooking; was doing
C. cooked; was doing D. was cooking; did
3. The astronaut ________ a spacewalk when he ________ a small piece of space junk.（ ）
A. was performing; saw B. performed; saw
C. was performing; was seeing D. performed; was seeing
四、单元书面表达总结（写作指导+高分素材+范文+模板）
本单元书面表达核心话题：Write an article about a Chinese astronaut（写一篇关于中国宇航员的文章）
（一）写作框架梳理（清晰易懂，直接套用）
核心结构：总—分—总（3段式）
1. 第一段：介绍宇航员的姓名、出生背景，以及他/她小时候的梦想
2. 第二段：介绍宇航员的主要航天任务（时间、任务名称、担任角色）
3. 第三段：介绍宇航员获得的荣誉，以及他/她的精神品质
（二）高分词汇/词组积累
基础词汇/词组 |高分替换词/词组|
very good → great, excellent, outstanding
work hard →make great efforts, work diligently
Important →significant, vital, crucial
do experiments →conduct experiments, carry out experiments
brave →courageous, fearless
never give up →persist in, keep going, never abandon
（三）参考范文
Zhai Zhigang: a Fearless Astronaut
When Zhai Zhigang was little, he loved planes and dreamt of flying in space. He was determined to make his dream come true and studied hard every day.
In 1998, he was selected for the Chinese spaceflight programme. On 27 September 2008, he performed China's first-ever spacewalk during the Shenzhou-7 mission. The spacewalk lasted about 20 minutes, and he completed it successfully. Later, he also took part in other important space missions and made great contributions.
Zhai Zhigang was given the title "Heroic Astronaut" for his outstanding work. He is a fearless and persistent person, and we should learn from his spirit of never giving up.
（四）写作模板
Title: [Astronaut's Name]: a Heroic Astronaut
When [Astronaut's Name] was little, he/she loved ________ (e.g. planes, space) and dreamt of ________ (e.g. flying in space). He/She was determined to make his/her dream come true and ________ (e.g. studied hard) every day.
In ________ (year), he/she was selected for the Chinese spaceflight programme. On ________ (date), he/she went on his/her first space flight in ________ (spacecraft name). Later, in ________ (year), he/she served as ________ (e.g. commander) on the ________ (mission name) mission. He/She ________ (e.g. did experiments) and even ________ (e.g. tested equipment). His/Her mission lasted ________ (time), and he/she completed it successfully.
[Astronaut's Name] was given the title "Heroic Astronaut" to recognize his/her great work. He/She once said, "________" (quote). We should learn from his/her spirit of ________ (e.g. persistence, courage) and work hard to realize our own dreams./ 让教学更效 高效备考 | 英语学科
沪教牛津八年级下册Unit 7 Space exploration 知识清单（背诵版）
目录
一、核心词汇（词形变换+搭配+例句） 2
（一）名词（n.） 2
（二）动词（v.） 4
（三）形容词（adj.） 5
二、核心词组（搭配+例句） 5
三、核心语法：过去进行时（The past continuous） 7
（一）语法定义 7
（二）基本结构 7
（三）主要用法（3种核心用法） 7
（四）易混点辨析：过去进行时 vs 一般过去时 8
（五）语法练习题 9
四、单元书面表达总结（写作指导+高分素材+范文+模板） 10
（一）写作框架梳理（清晰易懂，直接套用） 10
（二）高分词汇/词组积累 10
（三）参考范文（80-100词） 11
（四）写作模板（万能模板，替换姓名、事迹即可使用） 11
一、核心词汇（词形变换+搭配+例句）
（一）名词（n.）
1. beef 词义：牛肉
例句：Astronauts can eat beef in space as part of their daily meals.
2. seafood 词义：海鲜（不可数）
例句：There are many types of seafood for astronauts to choose from in space.
3. mistake 词义：错误；失误
词形变换：mistaken（adj. 错误的；弄错的）
例句：We can't afford to make any mistakes during the spacewalk.
4. muscle 词义：肌肉
词形变换：muscles（复数）
例句：Exercise can slow down the muscle loss of astronauts in space.
5. gym 词义：健身房
词形变换：gyms（复数）；gymnastics（n. 体操）
例句：There is a small gym on the Tiangong space station.
6. satellite 词义：人造卫星
词形变换：satellites（复数）
例句：A Russian satellite and an American satellite crashed into each other in 2009.
7. spaceflight 词义：航天；宇宙飞行
词形变换：spaceflights（复数）
例句：Nie Haisheng was selected for the Chinese spaceflight programme in 1998.
8. fuel 词义：燃料
词形变换：fuels（复数/第三人称单数）
例句：The Tianzhou-2 spacecraft delivered fuel to the Tiangong space station.
9. supply 词义：供应量；供给量
词形变换：supplies（复数）；supplier（n. 供货商）
例句：The spacecraft brought supplies for the astronauts on the space station.
10. point 词义：时刻；阶段
词形变换：points（复数）
例句：At some point in the future, human beings will visit Mars.
11. lab 词义：实验室（=laboratory）
词形变换：labs（复数）
例句：Scientists often do their experiments in a lab on the space station.
（二）动词（v.）
12. afford 词义：承担得起（后果）；买得起
词形变换：affordable（adj. 负担得起的）
例句：We can't afford to take any risks during the space mission.
13. stick 词义：粘；贴
词形变换：sticky（adj. 黏（性）的）
例句：Astronauts have to stick their sleeping bags to the wall in space.
14. hit 词义：碰撞；撞击
词形变换：hitting（现在分词）
例句：The sleeping bag stops astronauts from hitting something by mistake.
15. destroy 词义：摧毁
词形变换：destruction（n. 破坏）；destroyer（n. 破坏者）
例句：A tiny piece of space junk can destroy a spacecraft.
16. select 词义：挑选；选拔
词形变换：selection（n. 选择）；selective（adj. 选择性的）
例句：Nie Haisheng was selected for the Shenzhou-6 mission in 2005.
17. serve 词义：为……工作；服务；担任
词形变换：service（n. 服务）；servant（n. 仆人）
例句：Nie Haisheng served as commander on the Shenzhou-10 and Shenzhou-12 missions.
18. deliver 词义：传送；运载；交付
词形变换：delivery（n. 传送；交付）
例句：The Tianzhou-2 spacecraft delivered equipment and supplies to the Tiangong space station.
（三）形容词（adj.）
19. average 词义：平均的
例句：The average surface temperature of Mars is -63 °C.
20. probable 词义：很可能发生（或存在等）的
词形变换：probably（adv. 大概；很可能）；probability（n. 可能性）
例句：It is probable that we will travel to Mars by the 2050s.
21. stressful 词义：压力重的；紧张的
词形变换：stress（n. 压力）
例句：Working in space can be stressful because astronauts can't afford to make mistakes.
22. amazing 词义：令人大为惊奇的
词形变换：amaze（v. 使惊奇）；amazement（n. 惊奇）
例句：It is an amazing experience to see the Earth from space.
二、核心词组（搭配+例句）
1. float around 含义：四处漂浮
例句：Everything floats around in space because there is no gravity.
2. take off 含义：（飞机、火箭）起飞
例句：The rocket took off successfully and entered orbit in 10 minutes.
3. for a while 含义：一段时间
例句：The astronauts stayed on the space station for a while to do experiments.
4. turn out 含义：证明是；结果是
例句：It turns out that eating can be a pleasure in space too.
5. cannot afford to (do sth.) 含义：承担不起（做某事的后果）
例句：Astronauts cannot afford to make any mistakes during spacewalks.
6. stick...to... 含义：把……粘到……上
例句：I have to stick my sleeping bag to the wall to stop floating around.
7. by mistake 含义：错误地；无意中
例句：He hit the control panel by mistake and caused a small problem.
8. daily routine 含义：日常生活；日常工作
例句：Exercise is an important part of astronauts' daily routine in space.
9. space junk 含义：太空垃圾
例句：Space junk is a big problem because it can destroy spacecraft.
10. crash into sth. 含义：撞上……
例句：Two satellites crashed into each other and created lots of space junk.
11. be selected for 含义：被选入；被选拔参加
例句：Zhai Zhigang was selected for China's first spacewalk mission in 2008.
12. make sth. possible 含义：使得……成为可能
例句：The space station makes it possible for scientists to do experiments in space.
13. naked eye 含义：肉眼
例句：We can see the Tiangong space station with the naked eye at night.
14. slow down 含义：减缓；放慢
例句：Exercise can slow down the muscle loss of astronauts in space.
15. stay fit 含义：保持健康
例句：Astronauts use the gym on the space station to stay fit.
16. perform a spacewalk 含义：进行太空行走
例句：Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo performed a spacewalk outside the Tiangong space station in 2021.
三、核心语法：过去进行时（The past continuous）
（一）语法定义
过去进行时表示过去某个特定时间点或时间段内正在进行的动作，强调动作在过去"持续进行"的状态（而非完成的结果）。
（二）基本结构
肯定句：主语 + was/were + 动词-ing形式 + 其他
例句：We were waiting for instructions from ground control.
否定句：主语 + was/were + not + 动词-ing形式 + 其他
例句：I wasn't feeling great when I first entered orbit.
一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 动词-ing形式 + 其他？
例句：Were you watching the rocket launch at 8 last night
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + Was/Were + 主语 + 动词-ing形式 + 其他？
例句：What were you doing when the rocket took off
补充：was用于主语是I、he、she、it（单数）；were用于主语是you、we、they（复数）。
（三）主要用法（3种核心用法）
用法1：描述过去特定时间点正在进行的动作
常与时间状语：at + 过去时间点（如at 9 last night）、this time yesterday（昨天这个时候）、at that moment（在那一刻）等连用。
例句：At 10 o'clock yesterday morning, the astronauts were doing experiments.
（昨天早上10点，宇航员们正在做实验。）
例句：This time yesterday, we were travelling into space.
（昨天这个时候，我们正在进入太空。）
用法2：描述过去某段时间内持续进行的动作
常与时间状语：from...to...（从……到……）、during...（在……期间）、all morning/afternoon（整个上午/下午）等连用。
例句：She was studying English from 7 to 9 yesterday evening.
（昨天晚上7点到9点，她一直在学英语。）
例句：During the space mission, the crew were testing equipment all day.
（在太空任务期间，乘组人员一整天都在测试设备。）
用法3：描述两个过去动作的关系（高频考点）
① 两个动作同时进行：用while连接，主句和从句都用过去进行时。
例句：While we were travelling into space, ground control was following us closely.
（当我们正在进入太空时，地面控制中心正在密切追踪我们。）
② 一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行：用when/while连接，短暂动作（已完成）用一般过去时，持续动作（进行中）用过去进行时。
例句：The phone rang while I was reading the article about space.
（我正在读关于太空的文章时，电话铃响了。）
例句：When the crash happened, both satellites were travelling very fast.
（碰撞发生时，两颗卫星都在高速运行。）
（四）易混点辨析：过去进行时 vs 一般过去时
时态 核心侧重点 例句
过去进行时 动作持续进行的过程（未强调完成） He was reading a book at 3 p.m. yesterday. （昨天下午 3 点，他正在看书。）
一般过去时 动作已完成的结果（强调 "做过某事"） He read a book yesterday.（他昨天读了一本书。）
（五）语法练习题
一、用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
1. When the astronaut ________ (arrive) at the space station, his teammates ________ (wait) for him.
2. We ________ (travel) very fast when we ________ (get) into orbit.
3. While the scientists ________ (do) experiments, the astronauts ________ (perform) a spacewalk.
4. I ________ (not feel) well when I first ________ (enter) space.
5. What ________ you ________ (do) at 8 last night I ________ (watch) a video about BDS.
答案：
1. arrived; were waiting
2. were travelling; got
3. were doing; were performing
4. wasn't feeling; entered
5. were; doing; was watching
二、单项选择
1. — What were you doing when the accident happened — I ________ a walk in the park.（ ）
A. take B. took C. was taking D. am taking
2. While my mother ________ dinner, I ________ my homework.（ ）
A. cooked; did B. was cooking; was doing
C. cooked; was doing D. was cooking; did
3. The astronaut ________ a spacewalk when he ________ a small piece of space junk.（ ）
A. was performing; saw B. performed; saw
C. was performing; was seeing D. performed; was seeing
答案：1. C 2. B 3. A
四、单元书面表达总结（写作指导+高分素材+范文+模板）
本单元书面表达核心话题：Write an article about a Chinese astronaut（写一篇关于中国宇航员的文章）
（一）写作框架梳理（清晰易懂，直接套用）
核心结构：总—分—总（3段式）
1. 第一段（开头：引入主题）
核心内容：介绍宇航员的姓名、出生背景，以及他/她小时候的梦想。
句式模板：When [宇航员姓名] was little, he/she loved... and dreamt of... He/She was determined to...
2. 第二段（中间：核心事迹）
核心内容：介绍宇航员的主要航天任务（时间、任务名称、担任角色），以及他/她的贡献。
句式模板：On [时间], he/she went on his/her first space flight in... Later, in [时间], he/she served as... He/She did... and even...
3. 第三段（结尾：总结评价）
核心内容：介绍宇航员获得的荣誉，以及他/她的精神品质，表达对他/她的敬佩。
句式模板：[宇航员姓名] was given the title... to recognize his/her great work. He/She once said, "...". We should learn from his/her spirit of...
（二）高分词汇/词组积累
基础词汇词组 |高分替换词/词组|
very good → great, excellent, outstanding
work hard →make great efforts, work diligently
Important →significant, vital, crucial
do experiments →conduct experiments, carry out experiments
brave →courageous, fearless
never give up →persist in, keep going, never abandon
（三）参考范文（80-100词）
Zhai Zhigang: a Fearless Astronaut
When Zhai Zhigang was little, he loved planes and dreamt of flying in space. He was determined to make his dream come true and studied hard every day.
In 1998, he was selected for the Chinese spaceflight programme. On 27 September 2008, he performed China's first-ever spacewalk during the Shenzhou-7 mission. The spacewalk lasted about 20 minutes, and he completed it successfully. Later, he also took part in other important space missions and made great contributions.
Zhai Zhigang was given the title "Heroic Astronaut" for his outstanding work. He is a fearless and persistent person, and we should learn from his spirit of never giving up.
（四）写作模板（万能模板，替换姓名、事迹即可使用）
Title: [Astronaut's Name]: a Heroic Astronaut
When [Astronaut's Name] was little, he/she loved ________ (e.g. planes, space) and dreamt of ________ (e.g. flying in space). He/She was determined to make his/her dream come true and ________ (e.g. studied hard, trained hard) every day.
In ________ (year), he/she was selected for the Chinese spaceflight programme. On ________ (date), he/she went on his/her first space flight in ________ (spacecraft name). Later, in ________ (year), he/she served as ________ (e.g. commander) on the ________ (mission name) mission. He/She ________ (e.g. did experiments, performed a spacewalk) and even ________ (e.g. tested equipment, collected scientific data). His/Her mission lasted ________ (time), and he/she completed it successfully.
[Astronaut's Name] was given the title "Heroic Astronaut" to recognize his/her great work. He/She once said, "________" (quote). We should learn from his/her spirit of ________ (e.g. persistence, courage) and work hard to realize our own dreams.

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