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专题六：情态动词
第一部分：专题讲解
一、情态动词核心用法
情态动词 核心用法 例句 易错点
can 1. 表示自身具备的能力（会、能）；2. 表示口语请求许可；3. 用于否定推测 I can swim. Can you help me 无三单变化，后接动词原形；否定式为can’t
could 1. can的过去式，表过去的能力；2. 委婉礼貌的请求（无时态过去含义） He could swim at the age of six. 表委婉请求时，回答统一用can，不用could
may 1. 正式请求许可；2. 表示不确定的可能性（也许） May I come in He may be late. 否定回答常用mustn’t（禁止），不用may not
might may的过去式，可能性比may更弱（八年级了解考点） It might rain this afternoon. 仅用于推测，不用于请求许可
must 1. 主观必须、一定要；2. 肯定推测（一定、想必） You must finish your homework. He must be at home. 无过去式；mustn’t 表“禁止，绝不允许”
have to 客观不得不（受规则、环境、事实限制） I have to wear school uniforms. 有人称、时态变化，三单为has to，过去式had to
should 表建议、责任，意为“应该”（八年级重点） You should exercise every day. 语气委婉，多用于提建议、讲道理
need 作情态动词，仅用于否定句和疑问句，表“需要” You needn’t worry about me. needn’t = don’t have to（不必，七八年级高频考点）
shall 用于第一人称I/we，表征求意见（七年级口语考点） Shall we go for a walk 多用于疑问句，日常交际高频
will 表意愿、将来打算、礼貌请求 I will help you. Will you pass me the pen 过去式would，表委婉请求（了解即可）
二、情态动词推测用法
推测语气 肯定句 否定句 疑问句
百分百肯定 must be（一定是） can’t be（不可能是） 无
大概率可能 may be（可能是） may not be（可能不是） 无
可能性较小 might be / could be（或许是） might not be（或许不是） Can/Could... （可能……吗？）
must 表肯定推测，否定推测绝对不用 mustn’t，统一用 can’t！
三、情态动词时态与否定变形
原形 过去式 标准否定式 注意
can could can’t / cannot 最基础变形，考试高频
may might may not 否定回答多用mustn’t
must 无 mustn’t 无过去式，切勿自创变形
shall should shan’t / shall not should独立作建议类情态动词
will would won’t / will not 一般将来时核心搭配
四、高频易混辨析
易混词组 核心区别 例句
can / be able to can 仅用于现在、过去能力；be able to 可用于将来、完成等时态，有人称变化 He can swim. He will be able to swim faster.
must / have to must：主观意愿，自己认为必须做；have to：客观要求，规则、环境迫使必须做 I must study hard.（自己意愿）I have to follow the school rules.（校规要求）
mustn’t / don’t have to mustn’t：禁止、绝不允许（绝对不能做）；don’t have to：不必、不需要做（可做可不做） You mustn’t run in the hallways.You don’t have to get up early on weekends.
maybe / may be maybe（副词，句首，也许）；may be（情态动词+be，作谓语，可能是） Maybe he is right. = He may be right.
need 用法 情态动词need：无三单，后接动词原形，多用于否定/疑问；实义动词need：有人称变化，后接to do You needn’t go. / You don’t need to go.
五、课内句型总结
Must I... 句型回答：肯定回答Yes, you must.；否定回答 No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.（绝对不用mustn’t）
Could you... 委婉请求：问句用could表礼貌，答句统一用can，例：—Could you help me —Yes, I can.
Can’t be too + 形容词：固定句型，意为“再……也不为过”，can’t be too careful 再小心也不为过
cannot help doing sth. 固定搭配：忍不住做某事
第二部分：训练习题
一、语法填空（用适当的情态动词填空）
—__________ I borrow your dictionary —Yes, you __________.
You __________ talk loudly in the library. It’s a rule.
He __________ be at home. The light is on.
You look tired. You __________ take a rest.
I __________ speak English well when I was six.
You __________ worry about me. I will be fine.
We __________ finish the project by Friday. There is no time left.
He __________ swim across the river when he was only ten.
—Who __________ it be at the door
—It __________ be Tom. He said he would come.
You __________ smoke here. Look at the “No Smoking” sign.
She is not sure. She __________ come to the party tomorrow.
I __________ go now. My parents are waiting for me outside.
You __________ eat too much junk food. It’s bad for your health.
—__________ I open the window
—No, you __________ keep it closed. It‘s cold outside.
He missed the bus. He __________ be late for school.
二、语法填空（短文填空）
A
Dear Dad,
I’m writing to you because I have something to tell you. You 1 __________ (not) worry about me. I am fine. But I really 2 __________ talk to you about something.
You always tell me that I 3 __________ work hard and get good grades. I know you want the best for me. But sometimes I feel too much pressure. I 4 __________ (not) sleep well before exams. I 5 __________ (not) help worrying about my grades.
I know I 6 __________ be more confident. My teacher told me that everyone 7 __________ make mistakes. She said I8 __________ learn from them instead of fearing them.
Dad, I want you to know that I will try my best. But I 9 __________ need your understanding and encouragement. You don’t have to push me so hard. Sometimes I just need you to say, “You 10 __________ do it. I believe in you.”
Your loving son,
Li Ming
B
Here are some safety tips for middle school students. They 1 __________ (must) follow at all times.
First, when you cross the road, you 2 __________ (must) look at the traffic lights. You 3 __________ (should) run across the road. It is very dangerous.
Second, when you are at home alone, you 4 __________ open the door for strangers. If someone knocks, you 5 __________ (could) ask who it is through the door. You 6 __________ call your parents if you feel uncomfortable.
Third, when you use the Internet, you 7 __________ be careful. You 8 __________ (should) give out your personal information to strangers online. You 9 __________ tell your parents if someone asks for your address or phone number.
Remember, safety always comes first. You 10 __________ (can) be too careful. By following these rules, you 11 __________ stay safe and sound. If you are in danger, you 12 __________ call 110 for help. The police will come to help you.
答案与解析
一、语法填空（1-15题）
题号 参考答案 课内考点解析
1 May / Can / Could；may / can 请求许可，三个词均可；could表委婉请求，答句不用could，统一用can/may
2 mustn’t / can’t 图书馆禁止大声喧哗，mustn’t侧重明文禁止，为课内最优答案
3 must 依据“灯亮着”做出肯定推测，must表百分百肯定，符合考点
4 should 看到对方疲惫，给出善意建议，should为建议类核心情态动词
5 could 描述过去的能力，can的过去式为could，时态匹配
6 needn’t / don’t have to 固定考点，两者均表示“不必”，可互换使用
7 must / have to 时间不足，受客观条件限制必须完成，两个答案均符合题意
8 could 描述童年过往具备的能力，用could
9 can / could；may / might 第一空表疑问推测；第二空表不确定的可能性推测，贴合课内用法
10 mustn’t 有禁止标识，属于明文规定禁止，mustn’t为最优答案
11 may / might 不确定是否参会，表微弱可能性推测，符合八年级考点
12 have to / must 父母等候，受客观情况限制不得不离开
13 shouldn’t 表不建议做某事，贴合健康建议语境，为课内常用考法
14 May / Can / Could；must 第一空请求许可；第二空根据天冷的客观情况，要求必须关窗
15 may / might / could 错过公交车，大概率会迟到，表合理可能性推测
二、短文填空答案与解析
A
题号 答案 考点解析
1 needn’t / don’t have to 固定用法，不必担心，七八年级高频互换考点
2 must / have to 强调有必要沟通，表主观、客观必要性均可
3 must / should 长辈叮嘱，可表要求（must）或建议（should）
4 can’t 表能力不足，考试前无法睡好
5 can’t 固定搭配 can’t help doing sth. 忍不住做某事，短文填空必考
6 should 自我反思、自我建议，用should最贴合语境
7 may / might 表客观可能性，人人皆有可能犯错
8 should 给出正向建议，应该从错误中吸取教训
9 may / might 委婉表达自身需求，语气柔和贴合书信语境
10 can 表能力与鼓励，你可以做到，贴合家长鼓励语境
B
题号 答案 考点解析
1 must 安全规则为强制要求，必须遵守
2 must 交通规则为硬性规定，必须执行
3 shouldn’t / mustn’t 禁止、不建议马路奔跑，存在安全隐患
4 mustn’t / shouldn’t 独自在家严禁给陌生人开门，安全常识考点
5 can / could 表可行的做法，委婉询问来人身份
6 should / can 感到不安时，可以/应该联系父母求助
7 must / should 上网需要提高安全防范意识，必考点
8 shouldn’t / mustn’t 禁止泄露个人隐私，网络安全必考知识点
9 should 建议做法，遇到隐私索要及时告知家长
10 can’t 固定句型 can’t be too careful 再小心也不为过
11 can / will 遵守规则就能够保障自身安全
12 can / should 遇到危险可以/应该拨打求救电话，贴合生活语境

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