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专题七：非谓语动词
第一部分：专题讲解
一、非谓语动词三种核心形式及基础含义
形式 名称 核心含义 课内例句
to do 动词不定式 表目的、将来、具体单次动作 I want to learn English well.
doing 动名词 表习惯性、一般性动作，具备名词属性 Swimming is good for our health.
doing 现在分词 表主动、动作正在进行 I saw him crossing the road.
done 过去分词 表被动、动作已经完成 I heard the song sung in English.
二、动词不定式（to do）核心用法
句子成分 用法说明 课内例句 考场易错点
作主语 常用it作形式主语，将真正主语（to do不定式短语）后置，规避句子头重脚轻问题 It is important to learn English. 不定式作主语，句子谓语动词统一用单数
作宾语 部分固定动词后，可直接接to do不定式作宾语 I want to go home after school. 严格区分动词搭配，不与doing混用
作宾补 置于及物动词后，补充说明宾语发出的动作 He asked me to help him with homework. 感官、使役动词主动语态省略to，被动语态必须还原to
作定语 后置修饰名词，与被修饰名词构成动宾关系 I have a lot of homework to do. 不定式作定语固定后置，不可前置修饰名词
作状语 核心表动作目的，少量可表结果、原因 He came here to help me. 目的状语是本考点核心考查形式
作表语 置于系动词后，解释说明主语的目标、内容、理想 My dream is to be a doctor. 多用于修饰梦想、计划、目标类主语
只接不定式（to do）作宾语的必考课内动词
want, would like, hope, wish, decide, learn, plan, promise, agree, refuse, offer, choose
接不定式作宾补的必考动词搭配
① 接 sb. to do sth.（不省略to）：ask, tell, want, allow, encourage, expect, invite, teach
② 接 sb. do sth.（主动语态省略to，超级易错点）：make, let, have（使役动词）；see, hear, watch, notice（感官动词）
特殊易错考点
help 为初中特殊动词，用法灵活无限制：help (to) do sth. / help sb. (to) do sth.，to可加可不加，考试中两种形式均判定正确。
三、动名词（doing）核心用法
句子成分 用法说明 例句 易错点
作主语 表示长期、习惯性、一般性动作，整体视为单数概念 Reading books is fun. 动名词作主语，谓语动词必须用单数形式
作宾语 固定动词后、所有介词后，必须接动名词doing I enjoy reading in my free time. 介词后无特殊例外，统一使用doing形式
作表语 用于说明主语的爱好、习惯、日常属性 His hobby is reading. 区分不定式（表具体单次目标），动名词侧重长期习惯
只接动名词（doing）作宾语的必考课内动词
enjoy, finish, practice, mind, avoid, keep, suggest, consider, imagine, miss, give up, put off
介词后接doing的高频固定搭配（短文填空必考）
be interested in, be good at, be afraid of, look forward to, be used to（习惯于）, feel like, what about, thank you for, be famous for
高频易混动词辨析
stop：stop to do 停下当前事，去做另一件新事；stop doing 停止正在进行的动作
remember：remember to do 记得要做某事（动作未发生）；remember doing 记得做过某事（动作已完成）
forget：forget to do 忘记要做某事（动作未发生）；forget doing 忘记做过某事（动作已完成）
try：try to do 尽力、努力做某事（侧重付出努力）；try doing 尝试做某事（侧重试探方法、效果）
mean：mean to do 打算、想要做某事；mean doing 意味着、等同于
四、分词（doing / done）核心用法
现在分词、过去分词主要用于修饰名词、作状语、作宾补，解题核心：doing表主动、进行；done表被动、完成。
形式 核心含义 主要功能 例句
现在分词（doing） 主动、动作正在进行 作定语、状语、宾补 The smiling boy is my deskmate.
过去分词（done） 被动、动作已经完成 作定语、状语、宾补 The broken window needs repairing.
分词作定语规则
单个分词修饰名词，直接前置；分词短语修饰名词，统一后置。例：The sleeping baby is cute. / The boy standing there is Tom.
形容词化分词必考辨析
通用规则：doing 修饰事物（令人……的），done 修饰人（感到……的）
interesting（令人感兴趣的）/ interested（感兴趣的）；exciting（令人兴奋的）/ excited（感到兴奋的）；tiring（令人疲惫的）/ tired（感到疲倦的）；boring（令人无聊的）/ bored（感到无聊的）
五、课内核心考点
too...to... 固定句型：太……而不能……，中间接形容词/副词，后接to do不定式
It’s + adj. + of/for sb. to do sth.：描述人的品质、性格用of；描述事物本身性质、特点用for
be worth doing sth.：值得做某事，主动形式表被动含义，固定接doing
make up one’s mind to do sth.：下定决心做某事
can’t wait to do sth.：迫不及待做某事
spend time/money (in) doing sth.：花费时间/金钱做某事
被动语态还原to：感官、使役动词主动语态省略to，改为被动语态时必须还原to（必考易错点）
start用法补充：start to do sth. 和 start doing sth. 七八年级阶段通用，无语义区别，考试均正确
第二部分：训练习题
一、语法填空（用所给单词的正确形式填空）
They decided __________ (go) to the beach for vacation.
Would you like __________ (join) us for dinner
She spends two hours __________ (practice) the piano every day.
He is too young __________ (go) to school.
It‘s important for us __________ (learn) a second language.
I’m looking forward to __________ (hear) from you.
She kept __________ (wait) for two hours.
Don‘t be afraid of __________ (make) mistakes.
My parents allow me __________ (spend) my pocket money freely.
I heard her __________ (sing) an English song when I passed by.
The boy was seen __________ (run) out of the room.
__________ (eat) too much junk food is bad for your health.
She stopped __________ (cry) and smiled at me.
Remember __________ (turn) off the lights when you leave.
I forgot __________ (bring) my homework yesterday.
He tried __________ (open) the door, but it was locked.
The teacher asked us __________ (not talk) in class.
This movie is worth __________ (watch) twice.
The __________ (excite) children couldn’t sit still.
She felt __________ (tire) after a long day of work.
二、短文语法填空（用所给单词的正确形式填空）
A
My school life is busy but enjoyable. Every morning, I spend 30 minutes 1 __________ (read) English aloud. 2 __________ (learn) a foreign language requires patience and practice. I try my best 3 __________ (improve) my pronunciation.
After school, I often go 4 __________ (swim) with my friends. 5 __________ (exercise) regularly helps me stay healthy. Last week, my teacher asked us 6 __________ (write) a report about our favorite books. I chose 7 __________ (read) The Old Man and the Sea. It is worth 8 __________ (read) many times.
My parents expect me 9 __________ (get) good grades, but they never push me too hard. They encourage me 10 __________ (find) my own interests. I’ve made up my mind11 __________ (study) harder. I want 12 __________ (be) a doctor in the future 13 __________ (help) sick people. I believe that by 14 __________ (work) hard, I can achieve my dream.
短文 B
Last summer, I had an 1 __________ (forget) experience. My parents and I decided 2 __________ (visit) the Great Wall. When we got there, we saw many people 3 __________ (take) photos. The view was amazing.
I was very excited because I had never been there before. I couldn‘t wait 4 __________ (climb) to the top. My father told me 5 __________ (not run) too fast. He was afraid of me 6 __________ (fall) down.
7 __________ (walk) on the ancient wall, I felt like I was traveling back in time. The guide told us that the wall was built by 8 __________ (work) thousands of years ago. Their stories are worth 9 __________ (remember).
After 10 __________ (spend) four hours on the wall, we started 11 __________ (go) back. I was 12 __________ (tire) but happy. My mother praised me for 13 __________ (be) so brave. This experience made me 14 __________ (realize) the importance of protecting our cultural heritage. I will always remember 15 __________ (visit) this great wonder.
答案与解析
一、单句语法填空
题号 参考答案 考点解析
1 to go decide to do sth. 固定搭配，意为“决定做某事”
2 to join would like to do sth. 固定搭配，意为“想要做某事”
3 practicing spend time doing sth. 固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”
4 to go too...to... 经典句型，意为“太……而不能……”，后接不定式
5 to learn It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 标准句型，不定式作真正主语
6 hearing look forward to 中to为介词，所有介词后必须接动名词doing
7 waiting keep doing sth. 固定搭配，意为“一直/持续做某事”
8 making be afraid of 中of为介词，后接动名词作宾语
9 to spend allow sb. to do sth. 固定搭配，不定式作宾语补足语
10 singing hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进行
11 to run 感官动词被动语态还原to，be seen to do sth. 被看见做某事
12 Eating 动名词短语作句子主语，整体为单数，谓语动词用单数形式
13 crying stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事，语境为停止哭泣、展露笑容
14 to turn remember to do sth. 记得要做某事（动作尚未发生）
15 to bring forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事（作业未带来，动作未完成）
16 to open try to do sth. 尽力、努力做某事，侧重付出努力完成动作
17 not to talk ask sb. not to do sth. 不定式否定结构，要求某人不要做某事
18 watching be worth doing sth. 固定搭配，主动形式表被动，意为“值得做某事”
19 excited excited修饰人，表“感到兴奋的”；exciting仅修饰事物
20 tired tired修饰人，表“感到疲惫的”；tiring仅修饰事物
二、短文填空
A
题号 答案 考点解析
1 reading spend time doing 固定搭配，花费时间做某事
2 Learning 动名词短语作主语，表一般性动作，谓语动词用单数
3 to improve try one’s best to do sth. 尽力做某事
4 swimming go+doing 固定搭配，用于各类休闲运动
5 Exercising 动名词作主语，指代“规律运动”这件事
6 to write ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
7 to read choose to do sth. 选择做某事
8 reading be worth doing 值得做某事，固定接动名词
9 to get expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事
10 to find encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
11 to study make up one’s mind to do sth. 下定决心做某事
12 to be want to do sth. 想要做某事
13 to help 不定式作目的状语，表“未来成为医生去帮助病人”
14 working by为介词，后接动名词，表方式“通过努力学习”
B
题号 答案 考点解析
1 unforgettable 修饰名词experience，结合语境为“难忘的经历”，需用否定前缀形容词
2 to visit decide to do sth. 决定做某事
3 taking see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事
4 to climb can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事
5 not to run tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事，不定式否定结构
6 falling be afraid of 中of为介词，后接动名词，表“害怕摔倒”
7 Walking 现在分词作伴随状语，表主动进行的动作（走在长城上）
8 workers 名词复数形式，指代古代修建长城的工匠、工人们
9 remembering be worth doing sth. 值得被铭记、值得记住
10 spending after为介词，介词后统一接动名词形式
11 to go start to do sth. 开始做某事（start后to do/doing七八年级通用）
12 tired 修饰人，表主观感受“疲惫的”
13 being for为介词，后接动名词，表“因勇敢而被表扬”
14 realize make sb. do sth. 使役动词用法，主动语态省略不定式to
15 visiting remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（游览长城的动作已完成）

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