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专题八：形容词与副词
第一部分：专题讲解
一、形容词的核心功能
功能 说明 例句 易错点
作定语 修饰名词，描绘人或事物的特征 a beautiful girl 多个形容词并列修饰名词，需遵循固定顺序
作表语 置于系动词之后，说明主语状态 The flower is beautiful 常见系动词：be、become、look、feel、taste、smell、sound
作宾补 补充说明宾语的状态、特征 The news made him happy 常用结构：使役动词 + 宾语 + 形容词
以 a- 开头的形容词（asleep, awake, afraid, alone, alive 等）大多只能作表语，一般不直接放在名词前作定语。
多个形容词同时修饰一个名词，排序规则：限定词→观点评价→大小→新旧→颜色→国籍 / 产地→材质→用途 + 名词
例：a beautiful small old red Chinese wooden table
二、副词的核心功能
功能 说明 例句 易错点
修饰动词 说明动作的方式、时间、程度等 He runs fast 副词通常置于动词后方
修饰形容词 用来加强或弱化程度 It is very hot 副词一般放在形容词前面
修饰副词 进一步表达程度强弱 She sings quite well 程度副词可修饰其他副词
修饰整个句子 表达说话人的看法、态度 Luckily, he was not hurt 这类副词多放句首，后面用逗号隔开
常见副词分类
方式副词：quickly, carefully, loudly, slowly, happily
时间副词：now, then, today, yesterday, soon, already, yet
地点副词：here, there, everywhere, inside, outside, upstairs
程度副词：very, quite, too, enough, almost, completely
频率副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never
评注副词：luckily, hopefully, unfortunately, actually
三、形容词变副词的规则
变化规则 例词 注意事项
一般单词直接加 -ly quick→quickly，careful→carefully 注意原有单词拼写
以 y 结尾，变 y 为 i 再加 -ly happy→happily，easy→easily，lucky→luckily 不可直接在字母 y 后加 ly
以 -le 结尾，去掉 e 再加 -y terrible→terribly，simple→simply 不遵循常规加 ly 规则
以 -ic 结尾，统一加 -ally basic→basically，scientific→scientifically 不要直接加 ly
不规则变化 good→well，fast→fast，hard→hard
early→early，late→late 特殊形式单独记忆
易混词汇辨析
hard（努力地） /hardly（几乎不）：词义完全不同，注意区分
late（晚、迟） /lately（最近）
high（高地，侧重实际高度） /highly（高度地，多用于抽象评价）
deep（深地，侧重实际深度） /deeply（深深地，多用于情感表达）
四、比较等级的构成
变化情况 比较级 最高级 例词
单音节常规词汇 词尾加 -er 词尾加 -est tall→taller→tallest
单词以 e 结尾 词尾加 -r 词尾加 -st nice→nicer→nicest
重读闭音节，末尾仅一个辅音字母 双写尾字母，再加 -er/-est big→bigger→biggest，hot→hotter→hottest
辅音字母 + y 结尾 变 y 为 i，再加 -er/-est happy→happier→happiest
多音节、部分双音节词 前面加 more 前面加 most beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
不规则变化 特殊变形 good/well→better→best
bad/badly→worse→worst
many/much→more→most
little→less→least
far→farther/further→farthest/furthest
farther 侧重空间、距离上的 “更远”；further 侧重程度、事态上 “更进一步”。
older 可修饰人或事物；elder 仅用于人，只能作定语，例：my elder sister（姐姐）。
比较级前可加 much、even、a little、a bit、far 等词加强语气。
使用比较级时，必须保证前后比较对象一致，避免逻辑错误。
五、比较等级的常用句型
句型类别 结构 例句
原级比较 as + 原级 + as He is as tall as his father
原级否定 not as/so + 原级 + She is not as outgoing as her sister
两者比较 比较级 + than This book is more interesting than that one
逐步变化 比较级 + and + 比较级 It is getting colder and colder
递进句式 the + 比较级，the + 比较级 The more you practice, the better you will get
三者及以上最高级 the + 最高级 + 比较范围 He is the tallest in his class
群体之最 one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 Beijing is one of the largest cities in China
补充要点
形容词、副词最高级前通常加 the；若前面已有物主代词、名词所有格，不再加 the，例：my best friend。
同一范围内作比较时，要用 any other + 单数名词，避免主语与自身比较。
例：He is taller than any other student in his class.
第二部分：训练习题
一、语法填空（用所给单词的正确形式填空）
My brother can run very __________ (quick).
Please listen to the teacher __________ (careful) in class.
It rained __________ (heavy) last night.
She always smiles __________ (happy).
I can do the work __________ (easy).
He is __________ (real) sorry for being late.
You should eat __________ (health) to keep fit.
The little girl can dance __________ (beautiful).
Don‘t speak so __________ (loud). The baby is sleeping.
__________ (lucky), he passed the driving test.
This book is __________ (interest) than that one.
Tom is __________ (tall) boy in his class.
The weather today is much __________ (cold) than yesterday.
She sings __________ (beautiful) of all the girls.
The more you practice, the __________ (good) you will be.
He is __________ (old) than his sister.
This is one of __________ (important) subjects in school.
She doesn‘t run as __________ (fast) as her brother.
The problem is getting __________ and __________ (difficult).
The __________ (far) you go, the more you will see.
二、语法填空（阅读下面短文，用括号内单词的正确形式填空）
A
Nowadays, students are busy with their studies and often feel 1 __________ (stress). It’s 2 __________ (importance) for us to find good ways to relax.
My best friend Lily likes listening to music when she feels tired. She says soft music can bring her peace and make her 3 __________ (forget) all her worries. Every evening after finishing her homework, she spends 30 minutes 4 __________ (practice) the guitar.
Unlike Lily, I prefer doing sports to relax. I think sports can make my body 5 __________ (strong) and my mind clear. Every weekend, I go 6 __________ (jog) in the park with my father. The fresh air and beautiful scenery make the exercise 7 __________ (enjoy).
Some students like reading books to relax. Reading not only helps them relax but also brings them much 8 __________ (know). No matter which way we choose, relaxation is 9 __________ (need) for us. A 10 __________ (relax) mind can help us do 11 __________ (well) in everything. So let’s take action to relax 12 __________ (proper)!
B
Friendship is very 1 __________ (importance) in our lives. A true friend is someone who cares about you and never lets you down. When you feel2 __________ (lonely) or unhappy, a good friend will try to cheer you up.
Everyone makes mistakes. A good friend will forgive you instead of shouting at you. It is also 3 __________ (help) to learn to apologize when you do something wrong.
My best friend Li Ming is one of the 4 __________ (kind) persons I know. He is 5 __________ (tall) and 6 __________ (outgoing) than me. We are7 __________ (difference) in many ways, but we share the same interests. He is 8 __________ (good) at math than me, and I am 9 __________ (strong) in English. We often help each other.
10 __________ (lucky), we have never had a serious argument. Thanks to him, I have become 11 __________ (confident) than before. He always encourages me to do my 12 __________ (good). A good friend truly makes a 13 __________ (different) in your life. I hope our friendship will last 14 __________ (long) and become 15 __________ (strong).
C
Last weekend, my class went on a trip to the science museum. It was one of the 1 __________ (exciting) experiences I have ever had. The museum is 2 __________ (far) than I thought, so we took a bus there.
When we arrived, the guide greeted us 3 __________ (warm). She spoke 4 __________ (slow) and 5 __________ (clear) so that everyone could understand. The museum had many 6 __________ (amaze) exhibits.
I was 7 __________ (deep) impressed by the space section. The model of the rocket looked 8 __________ (exactly) like the real one. The guide told us that space travel will become 9 __________ (cheap) and10 __________ (easy) in the future. I felt 11 __________ (excited) about the possibilities.
12 __________ (fortunate), the time went by13 __________ (quick) and we had to leave. I hope to visit again and learn 14 __________ (much). This trip made me realize that science is 15 __________ (interesting) than I thought.
D
Dear Editor,
Recently, I have been feeling 1 __________ (happy) than before. I don’t know why. 2 __________ (lucky), my best friend noticed my change and talked to me.
She told me that I shouldn‘t be too 3 __________ (stress) about my studies. She said that 4 __________ (compare) myself with others was 5 __________ (meaning) and would only make me feel worse. “You are 6 __________ (smart) in your own way,” she said. “Just be 7 __________ (you) and do your best.”
Her words made me feel much 8 __________ (good). I realized that I had been 9 __________ (terribly) hard on myself. Now I try to be 10 __________ (positive) and focus on my own progress. I am 11 __________ (true) grateful for her friendship. She has taught me that being 12 __________ (real) with yourself is the 13 __________ (important) thing.
Thank you for reading my letter.
Yours,
A thankful student
答案与解析
一、语法填空
题号 答案 解析
1 quickly 修饰动词 run，使用副词形式。
2 carefully 修饰动词 listen，使用副词形式。
3 heavily 修饰动词 rained，使用副词形式。
4 happily 修饰动词 smiles，使用副词形式。
5 easily 修饰动词 do，使用副词形式。
6 really 修饰形容词 sorry，使用副词形式。
7 healthily 修饰动词 eat，使用副词形式。
8 beautifully 修饰动词 dance，使用副词形式。
9 loudly 修饰动词 speak，使用副词形式。
10 Luckily 副词置于句首，修饰整个句子，首字母大写。
11 more interesting than 表比较，interesting 为多音节词，比较级加 more。
12 the tallest in his class 限定范围，使用形容词最高级。
13 colder than 表比较，much 可修饰比较级加强语气。
14 the most beautifully of all 表三者及以上范围，用副词最高级。
15 better 固定句型 the + 比较级，the + 比较级。
16 older than 提示使用形容词比较级。
17 the most important one of + the + 最高级 + 复数名词，为固定结构。
18 fast as...as 结构中间用形容词 / 副词原级。
19 more difficult, more difficult 多音节词套用 “比较级 + and + 比较级” 结构。
20 farther / further the + 比较级句型，far 两种比较级均可。
二、语法填空
A
题号 答案 解析
1 stressed feel 为系动词，后接形容词；stressed 形容人感到压力大。
2 important 固定句型 It is + 形容词 + to do sth.
3 forget make sb. do sth. 使役动词后接动词原形。
4 practicing spend time (in) doing sth. 固定搭配。
5 stronger 语境暗含对比，使用形容词比较级。
6 jogging go jogging 为固定短语，意为 “慢跑”。
7 enjoyable 修饰事物，使用形容词 enjoyable。
8 knowledge much 后接不可数名词，know 对应名词为 knowledge。
9 needed 此处为被动语态，表示 “放松是必需的”。
10 relaxed 修饰人的状态，用 - ed 形式形容词。
11 better 暗含对比，使用 well 的比较级。
12 properly 修饰动词 relax，使用副词形式。
B
题号 答案 解析
1 important be 动词后接形容词作表语。
2 lonely feel 后接形容词，lonely 侧重内心孤独。
3 helpful 形容词作表语，意为 “有帮助的”。
4 kindest one of 后接形容词最高级。
5 taller than 提示使用比较级。
6 more outgoing outgoing 为多音节词，比较级加 more。
7 different be 动词后接形容词作表语。
8 better good 的比较级为 better，than 表比较。
9 stronger than 提示使用比较级。
10 Luckily 副词放句首，修饰整句话。
11 more confident confident 为多音节词，比较级加 more。
12 best do one's best 固定短语，意为 “尽最大努力”。
13 difference make a difference 固定搭配。
14 longer 结合语境，使用比较级。
15 stronger become 为系动词，后接形容词比较级。
C
题号 答案 解析
1 most exciting one of 结构，使用形容词最高级。
2 farther than 表比较，描述距离用 farther。
3 warmly 修饰动词 greeted，使用副词。
4 slowly 修饰动词 spoke，使用副词。
5 clearly 修饰动词 spoke，使用副词。
6 amazing 修饰展品（事物），用 - ing 形式形容词。
7 deeply 侧重内心感受，使用副词 deeply。
8 exactly 修饰系动词 looked，使用副词。
9 cheaper and 连接并列比较级。
10 easier and 连接并列比较级。
11 excited 主语是人，描述情绪用 excited。
12 Unfortunately 结合语境，表达遗憾，副词放句首。
13 quickly 修饰动词短语 went by，使用副词。
14 more 暗含对比，用 much 的比较级。
15 more interesting than 提示使用比较级。
D
题号 答案 解析
1 unhappier than 表比较，结合语境用否定含义形容词。
2 Luckily 副词放句首，修饰整句话。
3 stressed be 动词后接形容词，形容人焦虑。
4 comparing 动名词短语在句中作主语。
5 meaningless 根据句意，此处表示 “没有意义的”。
6 smart 无明确比较范围，用形容词原级，表达每个人都有自身优点。
7 yourself be yourself 固定表达，意为 “做自己”。
8 better much 后接形容词比较级。
9 terribly 修饰形容词 hard，使用副词。
10 more positive 状态存在对比，使用比较级。
11 truly 修饰形容词 grateful，使用副词。
12 real be 动词后接形容词作表语。
13 most important the 搭配形容词最高级。

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