资源简介

专题九：动词时态
第一部分：专题讲解
一、常考六种时态的核心用法
时态 核心用法 标志词 结构
一般现在时 经常性、习惯性动作；客观事实、真理 often, usually, always, sometimes, every day, on Sundays do/does
一般过去时 过去发生的动作或状态 yesterday, last week, ago, in 2010, just now did
一般将来时 将来发生的动作或状态 tomorrow, next week, in the future, soon will do / be going to do
现在进行时 此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作 now, at the moment, Look! Listen! am/is/are + doing
过去进行时 过去某一时刻正在进行的动作 at that time, at 8:00 yesterday, when/while was/were + doing
现在完成时 过去发生的动作对现在的影响；持续到现在的动作 already, yet, ever, never, since, for, recently have/has + done
二、一般现在时的易错点
易错点 说明 例句
第三人称单数 主语为 he/she/it 或单数名词时，动词加 - s 或 - es He likes music.
真理用一般现在时 即使主句是过去时，从句仍用一般现在时 The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.
按规定、时间表将发生 用一般现在时表将来 The train leaves at 7:00 tomorrow.
三、一般过去时的易错点
易错点 说明 例句
不规则动词 需单独记忆过去式 go→went, see→saw, do→did
used to do 表示过去常常做，现在不再做 I used to get up late.
与现在完成时区别 一般过去时强调 “过去”，现在完成时强调 “对现在的影响” I saw the movie.（只说明过去看过）
I have seen the movie.（了解内容）
四、一般将来时的易错点
易错点 说明 例句
will 与 be going to 区别 will 表示预测、意愿；be going to 表示计划、有迹象 It will rain tomorrow.（预测）
I am going to study abroad.（计划）
主将从现 在时间、条件状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时 I will call you when I arrive.
进行时表将来 go, come, leave, arrive 等词用进行时表将来 He is leaving tomorrow.
五、现在进行时的易错点
易错点 说明 例句
动词变化规则 去 e 加 ing、双写辅音字母加 ing write→writing, run→running
静态动词 表示心理状态、感官、拥有等的动词一般不用于进行时 know, believe, hear, see, have, belong to
与 always 连用 表示某种反复出现的情感（赞扬或批评） He is always helping others.
六、过去进行时的易错点
易错点 说明 例句
when 与 while 区别 when 后可接短暂或延续动词；while 后接延续动词 When I arrived, he was sleeping.
While I was sleeping, he arrived.
同时发生的两个动作 两个过去进行时连用，表示动作同时进行 I was reading while he was watching TV.
与一般过去时区别 过去进行时强调 “正在做”，一般过去时强调 “做了” I was writing a letter.（在写，未写完）
I wrote a letter.（写了，已完成）
七、现在完成时的易错点
易错点 说明 例句
与一般过去时区别 现在完成时不能与具体过去时间状语连用 I have seen the movie already.
I saw the movie last week.
瞬间动词 不能与 for/since 连用，需改为延续性动词 buy→have, borrow→keep, leave→be away, die→be dead
have gone / have been have gone 去了未回；have been 去过已回 He has gone to Beijing.（不在此地）
He has been to Beijing.（已回来）
固定句型 This is the first time + 现在完成时 This is the first time I have visited the Great Wall.
八、过去将来时
结构 用法 例句
would + do 从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作 He said he would come to the party.
was/were going to + do 过去计划或打算做某事 I was going to call you, but I forgot.
was/were about to + do 表示正要去做某事 The train was about to leave when I arrived.
was/were + doing 过去进行时表将来（按计划安排） She was leaving the next day.
九、延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换
非延续性动词 延续性动词 例句
buy have I have had this book for three years.
borrow keep He has kept the book for a week.
leave be away She has been away from home for two days.
arrive / come / go be He has been here since 8:00.
begin / start be on The movie has been on for ten minutes.
die be dead The old man has been dead for five years.
join be in / be a member of He has been in the army for a year.
marry be married They have been married for ten years.
finish / end be over The meeting has been over for an hour.
十、五种时态的被动语态对照
时态 主动结构 被动结构
一般现在时 do/does am/is/are + done
一般过去时 did was/were + done
一般将来时 will do will be + done
现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being + done
现在完成时 have/has done have/has been + done
十一、常考时态混合语境
时态组合 语境 例句
一般过去时 + 过去完成时 一个动作发生在另一个动作之前 When I arrived, the train had left.
一般过去时 + 过去进行时 一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行 When I called him, he was sleeping.
一般将来时 + 一般现在时（从句） 时间、条件状语从句中的主将从现 I will tell him when he comes back.
现在完成时 + 一般过去时 询问经历时，先问 “是否做过”，再问 “具体做的时间” —Have you seen the movie
—Yes. I saw it last week.
第二部分：训练习题
一、语法填空（用所给动词的正确形式填空）
A 组
My mother often__________(wake) me up at 6:30 a.m.
Look! The boy__________(hide) behind the door.
She__________(choose) a red dress for the party yesterday.
The cup__________(break) by my little brother just now.
I__________already__________(finish) my homework.
They decided__________(go) swimming this afternoon.
She spends two hours__________(practice) the piano every day.
The classroom__________(clean) by the students every day.
A new bridge__________(build) in our town last year.
I’m looking forward to__________(hear) from you.
B 组
He__________(not finish) his homework yet.
We__________(have) a meeting when you called.
She__________(live) here since 2010.
I__________(see) this movie twice.
They__________(go) to the park if it doesn’t rain.
He usually__________(get) up at 6:30.
Listen! Someone__________(sing) in the next room.
I__________(go) to Beijing next week.
They__________(play) football when I saw them.
The train__________(leave) at 7:00 tomorrow.
C 组
He__________(use) to be shy, but now he is outgoing.
I__________(not see) him since last week.
While I__________(watch) TV, the phone rang.
She__________(finish) her work before she left.
He said he__________(come) to see me the next day.
I__________(be) about to leave when the phone rang.
By the time I got to the station, the bus__________(leave).
This is the most interesting book I__________(ever read).
—__________ you__________(see) the new movie —Yes. I__________(see) it last Friday.
She__________(work) here since she__________(graduate) from college.
二、语篇填空（阅读短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式）
Passage 1
I 1.__________ (have) a very unforgettable experience last summer. I 2.__________ (visit) the Great Wall with my parents. We 3.__________ (start) early in the morning. When we 4.__________ (arrive), many people 5.__________ (climb) already.
We 6.__________ (decide) to take the cable car. While we 7.__________ (wait) in line, I 8.__________ (see) a foreigner. He 9.__________ (take) photos. I 10.__________ (be) very excited because I had never met a foreigner before.
Passage 2
Dear future me,
I 1.__________ (write) this letter to you now. I’m in Grade 8. In five years, I 2.__________ (be) in high school. I hope I 3.__________ (become) a better person by then.
Right now, I 4.__________ (work) hard on my studies. I 5.__________ (learn) English for five years. I want to be an English teacher when I 6.__________ (grow) up. I 7.__________ (practice) speaking English every day since last year.
Yesterday I 8.__________ (read) a story about a teacher who 9.__________ (change) many students’ lives. I was deeply 10.__________ (touch). I decided to be a teacher like her.
Passage 3
It 1.__________ (be) a cold winter evening. The wind 2.__________ (blow) strongly outside. Tom 3.__________ (sit) by the fire and 4.__________ (read) a book when he 5.__________ (hear) a knock on the door.
He 6.__________ (put) down his book and 7.__________ (walk) to the door. When he 8.__________ (open) it, he 9.__________ (see) a stranger standing outside. The stranger 10.__________ (wear) a heavy coat and 11.__________ (hold) a map in his hand.
“Excuse me,” the stranger said. “I 12.__________ (look) for the train station. Could you tell me how 13.__________ (get) there ”
Tom 14.__________ (point) to the east and said, “Walk straight for about ten minutes. You 15.__________ (see) it on your left.”
Passage 4
I 1.__________ (live) in this neighborhood since I was born. Many things 2.__________ (change) over the years. When I was young, there 3.__________ (be) only small shops and narrow streets. Now, tall buildings 4.__________ (appear) and the streets 5.__________ (become) much wider.
My family 6.__________ (move) to a new apartment last month. It 7.__________ (be) the first time I 8.__________ (have) my own room. I 9.__________ (decorate) it with some posters and photos. I 10.__________ (enjoy) spending time in my room ever since.
However, I 11.__________ (miss) the old days sometimes. I 12.__________ (used to) play with my friends in the small park near my old house. That park 13.__________ (be) gone now. A supermarket 14.__________ (build) there last year. In the past five years, I 15.__________ (learn) to value both the old and the new.
Passage 5
Last Sunday, I 1.__________ (go) to visit my friend Li Ming. When I 2.__________ (arrive) at his house, he 3.__________ (do) his homework. “I 4.__________ (finish) it soon,” he said. “Wait for me for a moment.”
While I 5.__________ (wait), I noticed a photo on the wall. “Who 6.__________ (be) that ” I asked. “That’s my grandfather,” he replied. “He 7.__________ (be) a teacher all his life. He 8.__________ (teach) in this school for thirty years before he retired. He told me that he 9.__________ (meet) my grandmother when he 10.__________ (work) in the countryside.”
Li Ming 11.__________ (finish) his homework and we 12.__________ (go) out to play basketball. On the way, he told me that his family 13.__________ (move) to a new apartment next month. “I 14.__________ (live) here since I was born,” he said. “I 15.__________ (feel) a little sad to leave this old house. But I 16.__________ (be) excited about the new place too.”
By the time we 17.__________ (get) to the basketball court, it 18.__________ (start) to rain. We 19.__________ (decide) to go back home. “Don’t worry,” he said. “We 20.__________ (play) together next weekend.”
答案与解析
一、语法填空
A 组
题号 答案 解析
1 wakes often 为一般现在时标志，主语是第三人称单数，动词变三单形式。
2 is hiding Look! 提示句子使用现在进行时。
3 chose yesterday 为一般过去时标志，choose 的过去式为 chose。
4 was broken just now 表示过去，cup 与 break 是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。
5 have；finished already 是现在完成时标志，主语为 I，用 have + 过去分词。
6 to go 固定搭配 decide to do sth.（决定做某事）。
7 practicing 固定搭配 spend time (in) doing sth.（花费时间做某事）。
8 is cleaned every day 表示常态，classroom 与 clean 为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态。
9 was built last year 表示过去，bridge 与 build 为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。
10 hearing look forward to 中 to 是介词，后接动名词形式。
B 组
题号 答案 解析
11 hasn’t finished yet 常用于现在完成时否定句中，主语为第三人称单数。
12 were having when 引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时。
13 has lived since + 时间点，主句使用现在完成时。
14 have seen twice（两次）表示动作已完成，用现在完成时。
15 will go if 引导条件状语从句，遵循 “主将从现” 原则。
16 gets usually 为一般现在时标志，主语是第三人称单数，动词变三单。
17 is singing Listen! 提示句子使用现在进行时。
18 will go / am going to go next week 为一般将来时标志。
19 were playing when 引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时。
20 leaves 表示按照时刻表、规定发生的动作，用一般现在时表将来。
C 组
题号 答案 解析
21 used 固定结构 used to do sth.（过去常常做某事）。
22 haven’t seen since + 时间状语，主句用现在完成时。
23 was watching while 引导从句，强调过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。
24 had finished finish 发生在 left 之前，动作有先后，用过去完成时。
25 would come 主句为一般过去时，从句表示从过去视角看将来，用过去将来时。
26 was 固定结构 was/were about to do sth.（正要做某事）。
27 had left leave 发生在 got to the station 之前，用过去完成时。
28 have ever read This is + 最高级 + 定语从句，从句必须使用现在完成时。
29 Have；seen；saw 询问经历用现在完成时；答句中有具体过去时间 last Friday，用一般过去时。
30 has worked / has been working；graduated since 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时；has worked 侧重动作结果，has been working 侧重动作持续不间断，两者均正确。
二、语篇填空
Passage 1
题号 答案 解析
1 had last summer 表示过去，用一般过去时。
2 visited 与前一句时态保持一致，用一般过去时。
3 started 描述过去的动作，用一般过去时。
4 arrived 描述过去的动作，用一般过去时。
5 had climbed climb 发生在 arrived 之前，用过去完成时。
6 decided 描述过去的动作，用一般过去时。
7 were waiting while 强调过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。
8 saw 描述过去瞬间的动作，用一般过去时。
9 was taking 描述当时正在发生的动作，用过去进行时。
10 was 描述过去的状态，用一般过去时。
Passage 2
题号 答案 解析
1 am writing now 提示使用现在进行时。
2 will be in five years 表示将来，用一般将来时。
3 will become by then 指代五年后，用一般将来时。
4 am working right now 提示使用现在进行时。
5 have learned for + 时间段，用现在完成时。
6 grow when 引导时间状语从句，遵循 “主将从现”。
7 have practiced since last year 提示使用现在完成时。
8 read yesterday 为一般过去时标志。
9 had changed 老师改变学生人生的动作发生在 “我读故事” 之前，存在时间先后，用过去完成时。
10 touched 被动含义，be touched 表示 “被打动”。
Passage 3
题号 答案 解析
1 was 全文讲述过去的故事，用一般过去时。
2 was blowing 描述过去持续的天气状态，用过去进行时。
3 was sitting when 引导从句，主句强调过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。
4 reading 与 was sitting 并列，省略 was。
5 heard when 从句用一般过去时。
6 put 描述连续的过去动作，用一般过去时。
7 walked 与 put 并列，用一般过去时。
8 opened 描述过去的动作，用一般过去时。
9 saw 描述过去的动作，用一般过去时。
10 was wearing 描述人物过去的穿着状态，用过去进行时。
11 holding 与 was wearing 并列，省略 was。
12 am looking 直接引语，描述当下正在做的事，用现在进行时。
13 to get 固定结构 how to do sth.（如何做某事）。
14 pointed 描述过去的动作，用一般过去时。
15 will see 表示将来会看到，用一般将来时。
Passage 4
题号 答案 解析
1 have lived since 引导时间状语，主句用现在完成时。
2 have changed over the years（多年来），用现在完成时。
3 were when I was young 表示过去，用一般过去时。
4 have appeared 对比过去与现在，用现在完成时。
5 have become 对比过去与现在，用现在完成时。
6 moved last month 为一般过去时标志。
7 is 陈述当下事实，用一般现在时。
8 have had 固定句型 This is the first time + 现在完成时。
9 decorated / have decorated 动作发生在上个月搬家后，可用一般过去时；也可用现在完成时，强调动作对现在造成的结果。
10 have enjoyed ever since 提示使用现在完成时。
11 miss 描述现在的常态，用一般现在时。
12 used to used to do 表示 “过去常常”。
13 is 描述现在的状态，用一般现在时。
14 was built last year 表示过去，park 与 build 为被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态。
15 have learned in the past five years（近五年来），用现在完成时。
Passage 5
题号 答案 解析
1 went Last Sunday 为一般过去时标志。
2 arrived 描述过去的动作，用一般过去时。
3 was doing 到达时对方正在写作业，用过去进行时。
4 will finish 直接引语，描述即将完成的动作，用一般将来时。
5 was waiting while 强调过去持续的动作，用过去进行时。
6 is 询问照片人物，用一般现在时。
7 was 描述祖父过往的职业，用一般过去时。
8 had taught teach 发生在 retired 之前，用过去完成时。
9 met 宾语从句描述和在乡下工作同期发生的动作，用一般过去时。
10 was working when 引导的从句描述过去持续的背景动作，用过去进行时。
11 finished 描述过去的动作，用一般过去时。
12 went 与 finished 并列，用一般过去时。
13 will move next month 表示将来，用一般将来时。
14 have lived since 引导状语，主句用现在完成时。
15 feel 描述当下的心情，用一般现在时。
16 am 描述当下的感受，用一般现在时。
17 got by the time 引导从句，用一般过去时。
18 started 到达球场与下雨两个动作紧接发生，主句用一般过去时。
19 decided 描述过去的动作，用一般过去时。
20 will play next weekend 表示将来，用一般将来时。

展开更多......

收起↑