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专题十：被动语态
第一部分：专题讲解
一、被动语态的结构
时态 主动结构 被动结构 例句
一般现在时 do/does am/is/are + done The room is cleaned every day.
一般过去时 did was/were + done The bridge was built in 2010.
一般将来时 will do will be + done A new school will be built next year.
现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being + done The road is being repaired now.
现在完成时 have/has done have/has been + done The work has been finished.
情态动词 can/must do can/must be + done This can be done easily.
二、被动语态的常用场景
场景 说明 例句
动作执行者不明 不知道或没必要说明动作的发出者 My bike was stolen yesterday.
动作执行者不言而喻 根据常识可判断出执行者 He was arrested.
强调动作承受者 重点突出动作的接收方 The patient was saved.
正式文体或客观描述 多用于科技、新闻、公告等文体 Smoking is not allowed.
三、主动表被动的特殊情况
情况 结构 例句 易错点
不及物动词表属性 sell, read, write, wash, clean The book sells well. 主语为事物，侧重描述物品本身属性
need/want/require need/want/require doing The room needs cleaning. = The room needs to be cleaned 主动形式表达被动含义
be worth doing be worth doing The movie is worth watching. 固定搭配，主动形式表被动
感官系动词 look, smell, taste, sound, feel The flower smells sweet. 系动词无被动语态
四、带双宾语动词的被动语态
动词 主动结构 两种被动结构
give give sb. sth. ① sb. is given sth. ② sth. is given to sb.
buy buy sb. sth. ① sb. is bought sth. ② sth. is bought for sb.
tell tell sb. sth. ① sb. is told sth. ② sth. is told to sb.
易错点：间接宾语（人）作主语时，直接宾语（物）保留在句末；直接宾语（物）作主语时，需搭配介词 to/for。
五、带复合宾语动词的被动语态
动词 主动结构 被动结构 易错点
make make sb. do sb. is made to do 主动句中省略 to，变为被动句时必须还原 to
see/hear see/hear sb. do sb. is seen/heard to do 主动句中省略 to，变为被动句时必须还原 to
see/hear see/hear sb. doing sb. is seen/heard doing 现在分词形式保持不变
六、被动语态的易错点
易错点 说明 例句
不及物动词无被动 happen, take place, occur, break out, last 等 An accident happened yesterday.
系动词无被动 be, become, look, sound, feel, taste, smell 等 The soup tastes delicious.
表状态的动词无被动 have, belong to, cost, fit, lack 等 The book belongs to me.
被动语态与系表结构区分 被动语态侧重表动作；系表结构侧重表状态 The door was closed by him.（表动作）The door was closed.（表状态）
七、被动语态句型转换
主动句 被动句
People speak English all over the world. English is spoken all over the world.
They built this bridge last year. This bridge was built last year.
The workers will finish the project. The project will be finished by the workers.
Someone has cleaned the room. The room has been cleaned.
You must hand in your homework. Your homework must be handed in.
第二部分：训练习题
一、语法填空（用所给动词的正确形式填空）
A组
English __________ (speak) by many people around the world.
The bridge __________ (build) last year.
The flowers should __________ (water) twice a week.
A new hospital __________ (build) in our town next year.
The classroom __________ (clean) by the students every day.
The cake __________ (eat) by the dog yesterday.
The meeting __________ (hold) tomorrow.
The car __________ (repair) at the moment.
The book __________ (write) by Lu Xun.
The window __________ (break) by the boy just now.
B组
The work __________ (finish) in two days.
The thief __________ (catch) by the police yesterday.
The song __________ (sing) by many people.
The house __________ (paint) now.
The problem __________ (solve) soon.
Many trees __________ (plant) every spring.
The lost boy __________ (find) by the police last night.
The new movie __________ (show) next week.
The classroom __________ (clean) when I came in.
The letter __________ (write) yesterday.
C组
This kind of cloth __________ (wash) well.
The book is worth __________ (read).
The room needs __________ (clean).
He __________ (make) to work ten hours a day when he was young.
The boy __________ (see) to cross the street just now.
A big accident __________ (happen) on this road yesterday.
The soup __________ (taste) delicious.
The computer __________ (belong) to my brother.
The door __________ (close) when I arrived.（强调状态）
The door __________ (close) by Tom when I arrived.（强调动作）
二、语法填空（阅读短文，用括号内单词的正确形式填空）
Passage 1
Do you know how tea 1______ (invent) According to an old story, tea 2______ (discover) by Shen Nong about 5,000 years ago. One day, while Shen Nong 3______ (boil) water over a fire, some leaves from a tree 4______ (fall) into the water. The water 5______ (turn) brown. He decided 6______ (taste) it. It was delicious. So tea 7______ (invent).
Later, tea 8______ (bring) to other countries. Today, tea 9______ (drink) by millions of people around the world. It 10______ (consider) one of the most popular drinks in the world.
Passage 2
A class meeting 1______ (hold) in our school last week. The topic was “How to protect the environment”. Many suggestions 2______ (give) by the students.
First, plastic bags should not 3______ (use) because they pollute the environment. Second, more trees 4______ (plant) every spring. Third, waste paper 5______ (should collect) and recycled. Fourth, the lights 6______ (turn off) when we leave the room.
A new recycling center 7______ (build) in our community last month. More bins 8______ (put) in public places now. Everyone 9______ (encourage) to sort the rubbish. I believe a greener future 10______ (create) if we all take action.
Passage 3
The Great Wall is one of the greatest wonders of the world. It 1______ (build) over 2,000 years ago. At that time, it 2______ (use) to protect the country from enemies. Many workers 3______ (force) to build it. Thousands of them 4______ (lose) their lives during the construction.
Today, the Great Wall 5______ (visit) by millions of tourists every year. Parts of it 6______ (repair) in recent years. New sections 7______ (discover) by archaeologists. More efforts 8______ (make) to protect this cultural heritage.
When you walk on the wall, you 9______ (impress) by its size and beauty. Signs 10______ (put) up to remind visitors not to leave rubbish. The wall itself 11______ (should protect) from further damage.
In the future, more advanced methods 12______ (use) to keep the wall in good condition. Education programs 13______ (carry) out to raise public awareness. The Great Wall 14______ (expect) to stand for many more centuries. It 15______ (list) as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1987.
Passage 4
Last month, a new library 1______ (open) in our town. The library 2______ (design) by a famous architect. It 3______ (build) with environmentally friendly materials. Solar panels 4______ (install) on the roof to provide electricity.
When I visited it last week, I 5______ (tell) that over 10,000 books 6______ (collect) for the library so far. The reading room 7______ (divide) into different areas for children and puters 8______ (provide) for public use.
A special corner 9______ (set) up for local history. Old photos and documents 10______ (display) there. A storytelling session 11______ (hold) every Saturday morning. The event 12______ (attend) by many children and their parents.
The library 13______ (manage) by a group of volunteers. It 14______ (keep) open from 9 a.m. to 8 p.m. every day. More volunteers 15______ (need) to help run the place.
答案与解析
一、语法填空
A组
题号 答案 解析
1 is spoken 一般现在时被动语态，主语 English 为单数
2 was built last year 表过去，主语与动词为被动关系
3 be watered 情态动词 should 后接动词原形，用被动形式
4 will be built next year 表将来，使用一般将来时被动语态
5 is cleaned every day 表常态，一般现在时被动语态
6 was eaten yesterday 表过去，主语与动词为被动关系
7 will be held tomorrow 表将来，一般将来时被动语态
8 is being repaired at the moment 表此刻，现在进行时被动语态
9 was written 描述过去的动作，一般过去时被动语态
10 was broken just now 表刚才，一般过去时被动语态
B组
题号 答案 解析
11 will be finished in two days 表将来，一般将来时被动语态
12 was caught yesterday 表过去，一般过去时被动语态
13 is sung 描述客观情况，一般现在时被动语态
14 is being painted now 表此刻，现在进行时被动语态
15 will be solved soon 表即将发生，一般将来时被动语态
16 are planted every spring 表常态，一般现在时被动语态
17 was found last night 表过去，一般过去时被动语态
18 will be shown next week 表将来，一般将来时被动语态
19 was being cleaned 过去进行时被动，描述过去正在发生的动作
20 was written yesterday 表过去，一般过去时被动语态
C组
题号 答案 解析
21 washes 主动形式表被动，描述物品本身属性
22 reading 固定搭配 be worth doing，主动表被动
23 cleaning need doing 结构，主动形式表被动含义
24 was made 一般过去时被动，make 变被动需还原 to
25 was seen 一般过去时被动，see 变被动需还原 to
26 happened happen 为不及物动词，无被动语态
27 tastes taste 是系动词，无被动语态
28 belongs belong to 为不及物短语，无被动语态
29 was closed 系表结构，closed 作形容词，强调门处于关闭的状态
30 was closed 一般过去时被动语态，强调被汤姆关门这个动作
二、短文语法填空
Passage 1
题号 答案 解析
1 was invented 讲述历史事件，一般过去时被动语态
2 was discovered 距今五千年前，一般过去时被动语态
3 was boiling while 引导时间状语从句，描述过去某个瞬间正在发生的动作，用过去进行时
4 fell 一般过去时，主动语态
5 turned 一般过去时，主动语态
6 to taste 固定搭配 decide to do sth.
7 was invented 一般过去时被动语态
8 was brought 描述过去的动作，一般过去时被动语态
9 is drunk 描述当下客观事实，一般现在时被动语态
10 is considered 一般现在时被动语态
Passage 2
题号 答案 解析
1 was held last week 表过去，一般过去时被动语态
2 were given 主语为复数，一般过去时被动语态
3 be used 情态动词后接动词原形，使用被动形式
4 are planted every spring 表常态，一般现在时被动语态
5 should be collected 情态动词的被动结构
6 should be turned off 情态动词的被动结构
7 was built last month 表过去，一般过去时被动语态
8 are being put now 表当下，现在进行时被动语态
9 is encouraged 一般现在时被动语态
10 will be created 将来的设想，一般将来时被动语态
Passage 3
题号 答案 解析
1 was built 两千多年前，一般过去时被动语态
2 was used 描述古时用途，一般过去时被动语态
3 were forced 主语为复数，一般过去时被动语态
4 lost 一般过去时，主动语态
5 is visited 每年的常态，一般现在时被动语态
6 have been repaired in recent years 搭配现在完成时被动语态
7 have been discovered 近年发生的动作，现在完成时被动语态
8 are being made 现阶段持续的动作，现在进行时被动语态
9 will be impressed 句子遵循主将从现规则，when 引导的从句用一般现在时表将来，主句使用一般将来时被动语态
10 have been put up 动作已完成，现在完成时被动语态
11 should be protected 情态动词被动结构
12 will be used in the future 表将来，一般将来时被动语态
13 will be carried 未来计划，一般将来时被动语态
14 is expected 客观评价，一般现在时被动语态
15 has been listed since 1987 搭配现在完成时被动语态
Passage 4
题号 答案 解析
1 was opened last month 表过去，一般过去时被动语态
2 was designed 一般过去时被动语态
3 was built 一般过去时被动语态
4 were installed 主语为复数，一般过去时被动语态
5 was told 过去发生的动作，一般过去时被动语态
6 have been collected so far 搭配现在完成时被动语态
7 is divided 描述现有布局，一般现在时被动语态
8 are provided 客观现状，一般现在时被动语态
9 has been set up 动作已完成，现在完成时被动语态
10 are displayed 常态展示，一般现在时被动语态
11 is held 每周固定活动，一般现在时被动语态
12 is attended 常规情况，一般现在时被动语态
13 is managed 日常运营状态，一般现在时被动语态
14 is kept 营业时间为常态，一般现在时被动语态
15 are needed 主语为复数，一般现在时被动语态

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