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专题十一：宾语从句
第一部分：专题讲解
一、宾语从句的三大要素
要素 说明 例句
连接词 that, if/whether, 疑问词 I think that he is right.
语序 陈述句语序（主语 + 谓语） Could you tell me where the station is
时态 主句与从句时态呼应 He said he would come.
二、连接词的选择
连接词 用法 例句
that 引导陈述句，无实义，可省略 I believe (that) he is honest.
if / whether 引导一般疑问句，意为“是否” I wonder if/whether he will come.
what / which / who 连接代词，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语 I don‘t knowwhat he wants.
when / where / why / how 连接副词，在从句中作状语 Can you tell me where he lives
易错点：that 不可省略的情况
从句前有插入语时，that 不能省略；
主句谓语动词后接间接宾语时，that 不能省略；
两个及以上 that 宾语从句并列时，第一个 that 可省略，第二个及后续 that 不可省略。
if 与 whether 的区别（仅能用 whether 的情况）
只能用whether的情况 例句
与 or not 连用 I don’t know whether he will come or not.
位于介词之后 It depends on whether it will rain.
位于不定式之前 She doesn‘t know whether to go.
引导主语从句、表语从句 Whether he will come is unknown.
三、宾语从句的语序
核心规则：宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序（主语在前，谓语在后），杜绝疑问语序。
错误语序 正确语序 解析
I don’t know where does he live. I don‘t know where he lives. 疑问词后直接接陈述句语序
Can you tell me what is his name Can you tell me what his name is 连接代词作表语，主语置于系动词前
She asked when will he arrive. She asked when he would arrive. 调整语序的同时，同步匹配主句时态
四、宾语从句的时态呼应
主句时态 从句时态 例句
一般现在时 根据实际场景，可选用任意时态 He says that he will come tomorrow.
一般过去时 对应使用过去类时态（一般过去、过去将来、过去完成、过去进行） He said that he would come the next day.
一般过去时（特殊） 从句为真理、客观事实、名言警句，用一般现在时（时态不变） The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.
核心易错点
主句为过去时态，从句原则上必须使用过去类时态；
客观真理、自然现象、固定常识类从句，时态不受主句过去时影响；
从句含具体固定过去时间状语（in 2010、yesterday等），时态保持不变。
五、宾语从句的简化（通用结构）
当宾语从句的引导词为疑问词，且主从句主语一致时，可简化为疑问词+to do结构
简化结构 例句
疑问词 + to do I don’t know what to do.
疑问词 + to do Can you tell me how to get there
六、主从句主语一致的特殊简化
原句（宾语从句） 简化句 说明
He hoped that he could pass the exam. He hoped to pass the exam. 主从句主语一致，可简化为不定式
She found that she had to leave early. 不可简化 含 have to 结构的从句，无简化用法
七、宾语从句的否定前移
适用动词 规则说明 例句
think / believe / suppose / expect 从句表达否定含义时，需将否定词前移至主句，从句用肯定形式 I don‘t think he is right.（而非 I think he is not right）
易错拓展：以上动词引导的宾语从句，变反意疑问句时，疑问部分需与从句主语、谓语保持一致。
第二部分：训练习题
一、语法填空（用适当的连接词填空）
A组
I believe __________ he is an honest person.
She asked me __________ I could help her with the project.
I don’t know __________ he will come or not.
Can you tell me __________ the nearest post office is
He wondered __________ she was crying.
Do you know __________ book this is
The teacher asked __________ we had finished our homework.
I‘m not sure __________ he will agree with the plan.
Could you tell me __________ I can get to the station
She didn’t remember __________ she had put her keys.
B组
He asked __________ I preferred coffee or tea.
I doubt __________ he will keep his promise.
The little boy wondered __________ had broken the window.
Can you tell me __________ you have been to Beijing
She explained __________ she was late for the meeting.
I don’t care __________ you think of me.
He asked me __________ I was going to the party.
Could you tell me __________ you got the information
She wonders __________ she should accept the offer.
I can’t decide __________ to stay or to leave.
二、语法填空（用所给动词的正确形式填空）
A组
He said that he __________ (visit) the museum the next day.
I think that she __________ (be) a good teacher.
The teacher told us that light __________ (travel) faster than sound.
She asked me what I __________ (do) at that moment.
I didn‘t know that he __________ (already finish) the work.
Do you know where he __________ (live) now
He asked me if I __________ (see) the movie last week.
She believes that she __________ (succeed) in the future.
I wondered whether he __________ (come) to the party.
The scientist explained that the earth __________ (move) around the sun.
B组
He told me that he __________ (be) to Shanghai twice.
I don’t think that he __________ (tell) the truth yesterday.
She asked me what I __________ (do) next weekend.
The teacher said that the final exam __________ (be) difficult.
I‘m sure that he __________ (arrive) by now.
He asked me how long I __________ (learn) English.
She didn’t know that they __________ (leave) already.
I hope that you __________ (have) a good time tomorrow.
He told me that his brother __________ (join) the army in 2015.
The guide explained that the Great Wall __________ (build) over 2,000 years ago.
三、短文语法填空（空白处填1个适当单词或括号内单词正确形式）
Passage 1
Do you know 1__________ English became an international language The history of English is quite interesting. Many people wonder 2__________ there are so many words of French origin in English. The reason is 3__________ the Normans conquered England in 1066.
I asked my teacher 4__________ English was different from other languages. She explained 5__________ English has borrowed words from many languages. She also told me 6__________ more than one billion people speak English today.
When I asked her 7__________ I could improve my English, she said, “You should practice every day.” I asked her 8__________ reading English newspapers was helpful. She said that it 9__________ (be) a very good method.
Now I understand 10__________ English is important in the modern world.
Passage 2
Li Hua asked his father, “1__________ did you use to do when you were young ” His father replied that he 2__________ (use) to play football with his friends. Li Hua asked 3__________ there was a football field near his home. His father said that there 4__________ (be) a big one behind their old house.
Li Hua wondered5__________ his father’s favorite player was. His father told him6__________ he admired Pele the most. He also explained 7__________ Pele had scored over 1,000 goals. Li Hua asked 8__________ he could become a great player like Pele. His father said that it 9__________ (depend) on how hard he practiced. He added that he 10__________ (believe) Li Hua could make it.
Passage 3（15题）
I still remember 1__________ I first met my best friend. It was on my first day of middle school. I didn‘t know 2__________ I should sit. A boy came to me and asked3 __________I wanted to sit next to him. He asked me 4__________ my name was and 5__________ I liked playing basketball. I told him 6__________ my name was Li Wei and 7 __________I loved basketball.
We quickly became friends. He often asks me 8 __________I have finished my homework. He also reminds me 9__________ we need to practice after school. I sometimes wonder 10 __________our friendship will last forever. He told me 11__________ true friendship never ends. I asked him 12__________ he thought was the most important thing in a friendship. He said 13__________ he valued honesty and trust the most.
Now I understand 14__________ a good friend is someone who stays with you through good and bad times. I feel lucky 15__________ (have) such a friend.
Passage 4（15题）
Dear Aunt,
I’m writing to share some exciting news. Do you know 1__________ I will do during the summer vacation I 2__________ (tell) that I have been chosen for a student exchange program. I can’t believe 3__________ this has really happened!
The teacher asked me 4__________ I would like to go to the UK. I told her 5 __________I would love to. She asked6 I had a passport. I said 7 __________I didn’t have one yet. She told me 8 __________I needed to apply for it immediately.
I wonder 9__________ the life in the UK will be like. I’m not sure 10__________ I can understand the local accent. My teacher said that I 11__________ (need) to practice more. She also advised me 12__________ I should learn about British customs before going.
I asked my parents 13 __________they were happy about this opportunity. They said 14__________ they were very proud of me. I hope 15__________ everything will go smoothly. Please write back soon.
Yours,
Zhang Wei
答案与解析
一、语法填空（连接词）
A组
题号 答案 解析
1 that 陈述句作宾语，that无实义，可省略。
2 if / whether 一般疑问句变宾语从句，表“是否”。
3 whether 与or not连用，固定只用whether。
4 where 询问地点，连接副词在从句中作地点状语。
5 why 询问原因，连接副词在从句中作原因状语。
6 whose 询问所属关系，修饰名词book，作定语。
7 whether / if 一般疑问句变宾语从句，表“是否”。
8 whether / if 同上，表不确定的“是否”。
9 how 询问方式、途径，作方式状语。
10 where 询问物品放置的地点，作地点状语。
B组
题号 答案 解析
11 whether 与or连用，正式语境优先用whether。
12 whether / if doubt后接宾语从句，表“是否”。
13 who 从句缺少主语，指代人，用连接代词who。
14 whether / if 表不确定的“是否”。
15 why 解释迟到的原因，用why引导从句。
16 what 固定搭配what think of，what作从句宾语。
17 whether / if 询问是否参加派对，表“是否”。
18 how / where how 语境侧重“获取信息的方式”，how为唯一标准答案；where语义牵强，删除冗余答案，保证严谨性。
19 whether 后接不定式结构，固定用whether。
20 whether whether to do...or to do...固定结构。
二、语法填空（动词时态）
A组
题号 答案 解析
21 would visit 主句为一般过去时，the next day表过去将来，用过去将来时。
22 is 主句为一般现在时，从句根据事实用一般现在时。
23 travels 光速更快是客观真理，时态不受主句影响，用一般现在时。
24 was doing at that moment提示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。
25 had already finished already提示从句动作发生在主句过去动作之前，用过去完成时。
26 lives now提示当前状态，用一般现在时。
27 had seen 看电影的动作发生在asked之前，用过去完成时。
28 will succeed in the future提示将来动作，用一般将来时。
29 would come 主句为过去时，从句表过去将来的动作，用过去将来时。
30 moves 地球绕太阳转是客观真理，用一般现在时。
B组
题号 答案 解析
31 had been 去过上海的动作发生在told之前，用过去完成时。
32 told yesterday提示过去时间，否定前移，从句用一般过去时。
33 would do 主句为过去时，next weekend表过去将来，用过去将来时。
34 would be 主句为一般过去时，从句时态同步后移，用过去将来时。
35 has arrived by now提示动作已完成，用现在完成时。
36 had learned 学习英语的动作发生在asked之前，用过去完成时。
37 had left already提示从句动作先于主句过去动作，用过去完成时。
38 will have tomorrow提示将来动作，用一般将来时。
39 joined in 2015为具体过去时间，用一般过去时。
40 was built was built 长城与建造为被动关系，in 2015为明确过去时间，用一般过去时被动语态
三、短文语法填空
Passage 1
题号 答案 解析
1 why 询问英语成为国际语言的原因，用why。
2 why 询问英语含大量法语词汇的原因，用why。
3 that 固定句型The reason is that...，that引导表语从句，不可省略。
4 why 询问英语与其他语言不同的原因，用why。
5 that 陈述客观事实，that引导宾语从句，可省略。
6 that 承接上文，陈述事实，用that。
7 how 询问提升英语的方式，用how。
8 if / whether 询问读英文报纸是否有用，表“是否”。
9 is 从句内容为客观通用事实（读报是好方法），不受主句过去时态影响，保留一般现在时，
10 why 理解英语重要的原因，用why。
Passage 2
题号 答案 解析
1 What 询问过去做的事情，what作do的宾语。
2 used 固定搭配used to do sth. 过去常常做某事。
3 if / whether 询问附近是否有足球场，表“是否”。
4 was 主句为过去时，there be句型同步用一般过去时。
5 who 询问最喜欢的球员（人），用who。
6 that 陈述事实，that引导宾语从句。
7 that 补充说明事实，用that引导从句。
8 if / whether 询问是否能成为优秀球员，表“是否”。
9 depends 从句为客观真理/客观规律（付出决定结果），不受主句过去时影响，用一般现在时，
10 believed 主句he added为过去时，从句同步用过去时。
Passage 3
题号 答案 解析
1 when 询问第一次遇见好友的时间，用when。
2 where 不知道该坐哪里，询问地点，用where。
3 if / whether 询问是否愿意坐旁边，表“是否”。
4 what 询问名字，what作从句表语。
5 if / whether 询问是否喜欢打篮球，表“是否”。
6 that 陈述自己的名字，that引导陈述句从句。
7 that 并列从句，第二个that不可省略。
8 if / whether 询问是否完成作业，表“是否”。
9 that 提醒需要课后练习，陈述事实用that。
10 if / whether 疑惑友谊是否长存，表“是否”。
11 that 陈述友谊不会结束的事实，用that。
12 what 询问友谊中最重要的东西，what作从句主语。
13 that 陈述自己的观点，用that引导从句。
14 that 理解好友的意义，that引导宾语从句。
15 to have 固定句型feel lucky to do sth. 做某事很幸运。
Passage 4
题号 答案 解析
1 what 宾语从句中缺少宾语，指代事物，意为“什么”，用连接代词what引导从句。
2 am told / have been told 主语I与tell是被动关系，结合语境“已经被告知”，用现在完成时的被动语态。
3 that 陈述句作宾语从句，that无实义，仅起连接作用，可省略。
4 if / whether 原句为一般疑问句变宾语从句，表“是否”，用if或whether均可。
5 that 陈述肯定事实，that引导宾语从句，可省略。
6 if / whether 询问“是否有护照”，表不确定的“是否”，用if或whether。
7 that 承接上文回答事实，陈述句宾语从句用that连接。
8 that tell后接陈述句宾语从句，that无实义，起连接作用。
9 what 固定搭配what...be like，从句缺少表语，指代事物情况，用what。
10 if / whether 不确定自己能否听懂当地口音，表“是否”，用if或whether。
11 would need 主句said为一般过去时，从句表过去将来的建议，需用过去将来时would need
12 that advise后接陈述句内容的宾语从句，用that引导。
13 if / whether 询问父母是否为此开心，表“是否”，用if或whether。
14 that 陈述父母的态度，陈述句宾语从句用that连接。
15 that hope后接陈述句宾语从句，that可省略，符合基础语法规则。

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