资源简介

专题十二：定语从句
第一部分：知识点讲解
一、定语从句基本定义
在复合句里，用来修饰、限定句中名词或代词的从句，就是定语从句。被修饰的那个名词或代词，我们称之为先行词；用来引导定语从句的连接词，就是关系词。
核心成分 具体说明 例句
先行词 被定语从句修饰的名词、代词 The man who is standing there is my uncle.
关系词 指代先行词，同时在定语从句中充当句子成分 This is the book that I bought yesterday.
二、关系代词用法
常见关系代词包含who、whom、whose、which、that，主要用来指代人或物，在从句中可充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，具体用法如下：
关系代词 指代对象 从句中所作成分 例句
who 人 主语、宾语 The man who spoke to me is my teacher.
whom 人 宾语（日常使用中可省略） The girlwhom you met is my sister.
whose 人、物 定语，表所属关系（……的） I know the boy whose father is a doctor.
which 物 主语、宾语 This is the book which I like best.
that 人、物 主语、宾语 He is the man that helped me.
三、关系副词用法
关系副词主要有where、when、why三个，分别对应地点、时间、原因，在定语从句中只作状语，可等价替换为“介词+which”。
关系副词 指代对象 等价结构 从句中所作成分 例句
where 地点 in/at which 地点状语 This is the school where I studied.
when 时间 in/on which 时间状语 I remember the day when we met.
why 原因 for which 原因状语 Do you know the reason why he left
四、关系代词的省略规则
限制性定语从句中，关系代词是否可以省略，取决于它在从句中充当的成分，核心规则简单好记：
使用情况 规则说明 例句
可省略 限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可以省略 This is the book (that/which) I bought.
不可省略 关系代词在从句中作主语时，绝对不能省略 The man who called you is my uncle.
五、定语从句的时态规则
定语从句的时态不需要和主句时态保持一致，只需根据从句自身要表达的语境、动作发生的时间来确定。
时态场景 例句
描述客观、常态情况（一般现在时） He is the teacher who teaches us English.
描述过去发生的动作（一般过去时） I met the man who helped me last week.
描述将要发生的动作（一般将来时） The boy who will come tomorrow is my cousin.
六、关系词选择核心规律
做题时优先看先行词，再判断关系词在从句中所作成分，就能快速选出正确答案：
先行词类型 从句作主语 从句作宾语 从句作定语 从句作地点状语 从句作时间状语
人 who/that who/whom/that whose — —
物 which/that which/that whose — —
地点 — — — where —
时间 — — — — when
原因（reason） — — — — why
第二部分：专项练习题
一、基础语法填空
要求：填入合适的关系代词或关系副词，补全句子
A组（基础10题）
The boy __________ is standing over there is my cousin.
This is the book __________ I borrowed from the library.
I still remember the day __________ we first met.
The girl __________ mother is a doctor is my best friend.
This is the house __________ I lived when I was young.
Do you know the reason __________ he was late
I like the gift __________ my parents gave me.
The movie __________ we watched last night was really interesting.
That is the man __________ helped me find my lost dog.
She is the person __________ I want to thank.
B组（提升10题）
I have a friend __________ is good at playing the piano.
The book __________ cover is red belongs to me.
Do you know the woman __________ is talking to Mr. Li
This is the village __________ I was born.
The pen __________ I bought yesterday doesn‘t work.
Is there anyone here __________ name is Li Hua
The boy __________ you met at the party is my brother.
I’ll never forget the days __________ we spent together.
The factory __________ my father works is far from here.
Can you tell me the reason __________ you didn’t come to the meeting
二、短文语法填空
要求：阅读短文，在每个空白处填入一个恰当的关系代词或关系副词
Passage 1（10空）
I have a friend 1 __________ name is Zhang Wei. He is the kind of person 2 __________ always helps others. Last week, he found a wallet 3 __________ was lying on the street. He picked it up and tried to find the person 4 __________ had lost it.
He looked at the ID card inside the wallet. It was a woman 5 __________ lived in the neighborhood. Zhang Wei went to the address 6 __________ was written on the card. He knocked on the door and returned the wallet to the woman.
The woman was very grateful. She said, “You are a boy 7 __________ honesty I will never forget.” Zhang Wei replied, “I just did something 8 __________ anyone should do.”
I feel proud to have a friend 9 __________ is so honest. This is the reason 10 __________ I value friendship so much.
Passage 2（10空）
Do you know the man 1 __________ invented the telephone His name was Alexander Graham Bell. Bell was a scientist 2 __________ work changed the world. The telephone, 3 __________ was invented in 1876, made communication much faster.
There is a famous museum 4 __________ you can see Bell‘s original telephone. It is located in Canada, 5 __________ is Bell’s birthplace. The museum also displays many other inventions 6 __________ Bell created.
I watched a documentary 7 __________ introduced Bell‘s life. The documentary showed the reason 8 __________ Bell became interested in sound. His mother was deaf, 9 __________ inspired him to study hearing and speech.
Bell once said, “The day 10 __________ I stop inventing is the day I stop living.”
Passage 3（15空）
My school is a place 1 __________ I have spent most of my time in the past three years. There are many teachers 2 __________ are kind and helpful. Among them, Mr. Li is the teacher 3 __________ I respect most.
Mr. Li is the person 4 __________ classes are always interesting. He has a way 5 __________ makes learning easy. He often tells us stories 6 __________ encourage us to work hard. He is exactly the kind of teacher 7 __________ I want to become in the future.
One day, he told us about a student 8 __________ had failed many times but never gave up. That student, 9 __________ later became a famous scientist, is his best friend. The reason 10 __________ he shared this story was to teach us never to lose hope.
The classroom 11 __________ we have English class is on the third floor. It is a bright room 12 __________ windows face the playground. This is the place 13 __________ I have learned not only English but also many life lessons.
I will never forget the day 14 __________ Mr. Li said, “The only thing 15 __________ you should fear is fear itself.”
Passage 4（15空）
My hometown is a small city 1 __________ I grew up. There is a park 2 __________ I used to play with my friends when I was young. The trees 3 __________ we planted together are still there.
I still remember the old house 4 __________ I lived. It was a building 5 __________ roof was covered with red tiles. The neighbor 6 __________ lived next door was an old man 7 __________ told us many interesting stories. He was the person 8 __________ we all loved.
Now, many things 9 __________ have changed. Some old buildings 10 __________ were once there have been removed. However, the school 11 __________ I studied still stands. I will never forget the teachers 12 __________ taught me. They are the people 13 __________ influenced my life the most.
There is a saying 14 __________ goes, “Home is the place 15 __________ your heart belongs.” This is true for me.
参考答案
一、基础语法填空
A组（1-10题）
题号 参考答案 详细解析
1 who / that 先行词是指代人的boy，关系词在从句中充当主语，可用who或that。
2 that / which 先行词是指代物的book，关系词在从句中作宾语，that、which均可使用。
3 when 先行词为表时间的day，从句中缺少时间状语，因此用关系副词when。
4 whose 此处表所属关系，指“女孩的妈妈”，先行词为人，用whose作定语。
5 where 先行词是表地点的house，从句中缺地点状语，用关系副词where。
6 why 先行词为reason，从句中表原因，用关系副词why引导。
7 that / which 先行词gift为事物，关系词在从句中作宾语，二者通用。
8 that / which 先行词movie是事物，关系词在从句中充当宾语，可互换使用。
9 who / that 先行词man指人，从句缺少主语，选用who或that均可。
10 whom / who / that 先行词person指人，关系词在从句中作宾语，三种形式都适用。
B组（11-20题）
题号 参考答案 详细解析
11 who / that 先行词friend指人，从句缺少主语，可用who或that引导。
12 whose 表所属关系，指“书本的封面”，先行词为物，依然用whose。
13 who / that 先行词woman是人，在从句中作主语，二者均可。
14 where 先行词village表地点，从句缺地点状语，用where。
15 that / which 先行词pen为物品，关系词在从句中作宾语，可通用。
16 whose 修饰anyone，表“某人的名字”，所属关系用whose。
17 whom / who / that 先行词boy指人，关系词在从句中作宾语，三种形式均可。
18 that / which 先行词days表事物，从句中作宾语，选用that或which。
19 where 先行词factory是地点名词，从句缺地点状语，用where。
20 why 先行词为reason，从句解释原因，用关系副词why。
二、短文语法填空
Passage 1（1-10空）
题号 答案 解析
1 whose 修饰friend，表“朋友的名字”，所属关系用whose。
2 who / that 先行词person指人，从句缺少主语，可用who或that。
3 that / which 先行词wallet是物品，从句作主语，二者通用。
4 who / that 先行词person指人，在从句中充当主语。
5 who / that 先行词woman是人，从句缺主语，选用对应关系词。
6 that / which 先行词address为事物，从句作主语，可互换使用。
7 whose 表“男孩的诚实”，所属关系，用whose。
8 that 先行词是不定代词something，语法规定只能用that。
9 who / that 先行词friend指人，从句作主语，两种形式均可。
10 why 先行词为reason，从句表原因，用关系副词why。
Passage 2（1-10空）
题号 答案 解析
1 who / that 先行词man指人，从句缺少主语，常规用法二者通用。
2 whose 表“科学家的研究成果”，所属关系用whose。
3 which 本句有逗号分隔，属于非限制性定语从句，指代物品只能用which，不能用that。
4 where 先行词museum是地点，从句缺地点状语，用where。
5 which 非限制性定语从句，指代地点Canada，只能用which。
6 that / which 先行词inventions为事物，从句作宾语，二者均可。
7 that / which 先行词documentary是物品，从句充当主语。
8 why 对应先行词reason，表原因，用关系副词why。
9 which 非限制性定语从句，指代前文整件事，固定用which。
10 when 先行词day表时间，从句缺时间状语，用when。
Passage 3（1-15空）
题号 答案 解析
1 where 先行词place表地点，从句缺少地点状语，用where。
2 who / that 先行词teachers指人，从句作主语，二者通用。
3 whom / who / that 先行词teacher指人，从句中作宾语，三种形式都适用。
4 whose 表“这个人的课堂”，所属关系，用whose。
5 that / which 先行词way表方式，从句作主语，可互换使用。
6 that / which 先行词stories为事物，从句充当主语。
7 that / who 先行词teacher指人，从句中作宾语，两种形式均可。
8 who / that 先行词student指人，从句缺少主语。
9 who 逗号分隔非限制性定语从句，指代人只能用who。
10 why 先行词为reason，表原因，用why引导。
11 where 先行词classroom是地点，从句缺地点状语。
12 whose 表“房间的窗户”，所属关系用whose。
13 where 先行词place表地点，从句作地点状语。
14 when 先行词day表时间，从句缺时间状语。
15 that 先行词被the only修饰，语法规定只能用that。
Passage 4（1-15空）
题号 答案 解析
1 where 先行词city是地点，从句表成长的地点，用where。
2 where 先行词park表地点，从句缺地点状语。
3 that / which 先行词trees为事物，从句中作宾语。
4 where 先行词house表居住的地点，用where。
5 whose 表“建筑的屋顶”，所属关系用whose。
6 who / that 先行词neighbor指人，从句作主语。
7 who / that 先行词old man指人，从句缺少主语。
8 whom / who / that 先行词person指人，从句中作宾语。
9 that / which 先行词things为事物，从句作主语。
10 that / which 先行词buildings是事物，从句充当主语。
11 where 先行词school表地点，从句缺地点状语。
12 who / that 先行词teachers指人，从句作主语。
13 who / that 先行词people指人，从句充当主语。
14 that / which 先行词saying为事物，从句作主语。
15 where 先行词place表地点，从句缺地点状语。

展开更多......

收起↑