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专题十三：感叹句与祈使句
第一部分：专题讲解
一、感叹句的结构
结构 用法 例句
What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主谓！ 强调单数可数名词 What a beautiful flower it is!
What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + 主谓！ 强调复数可数名词 What interesting books they are!
What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主谓！ 强调不可数名词 What fine weather it is!
How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主谓！ 强调形容词或副词 How beautiful the flower is!
How + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数 + 主谓！ 强调形容词 + 名词 How beautiful a flower it is!
二、what 与 how 的转换
what引导的感叹句 how引导的感叹句
What a nice girl she is! How nice a girl she is!
What beautiful flowers they are! How beautiful the flowers are!
三、感叹句的省略形式
日常口语中，感叹句常省略主谓部分。
完整形式 省略形式
What a nice day it is! What a nice day!
How fast he runs! How fast!
How beautiful the flower is! How beautiful!
四、祈使句的结构
类型 结构 例句
肯定祈使句 动词原形 + 其他 Sit down, please.
否定祈使句 Don‘t + 动词原形 + 其他 Don’t be late.
Let 型祈使句 Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 Let's go home.
Let 型否定 Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 Let him not go.
五、祈使句的强调与委婉
类型 结构 例句
强调 Do + 动词原形 Do come on time.
委婉 Please + 祈使句 Please help me.
附加问句 祈使句 + will you Open the door, will you
六、祈使句与陈述句的转换
祈使句 转换后的陈述句
Be quiet. You must be quiet.
Don’t smoke here. You must not smoke here.
第二部分：训练习题
一、语法填空（用 What 或 How 填空）
A 组（1-10 题）
______ a sunny day it is!
______ fast the car is running!
______ interesting stories he told us!
______ beautiful the flowers are!
______ a clever boy he is!
______ delicious the soup tastes!
______ heavy rain it is!
______ well she dances!
______ an exciting movie we saw!
______ great fun it is to play in the snow!
B 组（11-20 题）
______ nice weather we are having!
______ carefully he drives!
______ a beautiful present she received!
______ noisy the children are!
______ fresh vegetables these are!
______ hard the workers are working!
______ wonderful news it is!
______ slowly the old man walks!
______ tall buildings they have built!
______ sweet the music sounds!
二、句型转换（将下列句子改为感叹句，每空一词）
C 组（21-30 题）
This is a beautiful park.
______ ______ beautiful park this is!
The wind blows strongly.
______ ______ the wind blows!
They are very friendly.
______ ______ they are!
He runs very fast.
______ ______ he runs!
It is a very interesting book.
______ ______ interesting book it is!
The baby is very cute.
______ ______ the baby is!
She sings very well.
______ ______ she sings!
These are delicious apples.
______ ______ apples these are!
The weather is fine today.
______ ______ weather it is today!
He gave me a useful suggestion.
______ ______ useful suggestion he gave me!
三、语法填空（用所给动词的正确形式填空）
D 组（31-40 题）
______ (not be) late for class again.
______ (let) me help you carry the box.
______ (turn) off the lights when you leave the room.
______ (not talk) loudly in the library.
______ (be) careful when you cross the street.
______ (put) away your toys, please.
______ (not forget) to bring your homework tomorrow.
______ (let) us go to the park, shall we
______ (do) come to my birthday party.
______ (open) the window, please. It’s too hot.
短文填空
Passage 1（41-50 题）
Last weekend, I went on a picnic with my family. __________ (41) a wonderful day we had yesterday! The weather was so nice. __________ (42) beautiful the sunshine was! We decided to go to the nearby park. Before we left, my mom told us, __________ (43) (not forget) to bring some food and drinks. __________ (44) (let) me prepare a delicious picnic basket full of fruits and snacks. On the way, my dad reminded us, __________ (45) (be) careful when you cross the road and __________ (46) (not run) too fast. When we arrived, we were shocked by the scenery. __________ (47) a large lake it is! We played games, took photos and enjoyed our picnic happily. __________ (48) lovely the time we spent together was! In our daily life, time is precious. __________ (49) (not waste) any chance to be with your loved ones. __________ (50) precious memories we create in our daily life!
Passage 2（51-60 题）
Good manners are very important in our school life. Here are some useful rules for students. __________ (51) (be) polite to your teachers and classmates all the time. __________ (52) (not talk) when someone is speaking in class or in public. __________ (53) (do) respect others' different ideas and opinions. __________ (54) a valuable thing good manners are! __________ (55) important it is to say “please” and “thank you” to people around us. __________ (56) (remember) to say “sorry” when you make a mistake and hurt others’ feelings. __________ (57) (let) me tell you a story about a polite boy in our school. He always behaves well and helps others. __________ (58) well everyone likes him! __________ (59) (not forget) that a little kindness can make a big difference to others. __________ (60) (try) your best to be a person with good manners and warm heart.
Passage 3（61-75 题）
__________ (61) a busy morning I had yesterday! I needed to take an important school exam. My mother warned me, __________ (62) (get) up early, or you will miss the school bus. After getting up, I checked my schoolbag carefully. __________ (63) (let) me check everything before I left. On my way to school, I saw an old man carrying a heavy box. __________ (64) (help) him carry it, I thought. __________ (65) heavy the box was! I walked with him slowly to his home. In fact, __________ (66) (not be) afraid to offer help to others. __________ (67) a warm feeling I got when he said thank you to me. When I finally got to school, my teacher encouraged me, __________ (68) (do) your best in the exam today, __________ (69) (not worry) too much about the result and __________ (70) (believe) in yourself. __________ (71) encouraging her words were! I took a deep breath and walked into the classroom. __________ (72) a difficult exam it was! But I didn’t give up. I tried my best to finish all the questions. That day, I learned a lot. __________ (73) a great lesson I learned that day: __________ (74) (face) challenges bravely and __________ (75) (not run) away from difficulties. They make you stronger and better.
答案与解析
一、语法填空（What 或 How 填空）
A 组（1-10 题）
题号 答案 解析
1 What 本句中心词为单数可数名词day，符合“What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词”感叹句结构，因此用What。
2 How fast为副词，修饰句中动词running，How用于修饰形容词或副词，故此空填How。
3 What 句子中心词为可数名词复数stories，适配“What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数”感叹句结构，用What。
4 How beautiful是形容词，句中无核心名词，How直接修饰形容词，符合感叹句用法。
5 What 中心词为单数可数名词boy，整体为“What + a + 形容词 + 单数名词”结构，选用What。
6 How delicious为形容词，作句子表语，感叹修饰形容词用How。
7 What rain是不可数名词，适配“What + 形容词 + 不可数名词”感叹句结构，用What。
8 How well为副词，修饰实义动词dances，修饰副词的感叹词用How。
9 What 中心词为单数可数名词movie，exciting以元音音素开头，属于“What an + 形容词 + 单数名词”结构，用What。
10 What fun为不可数名词，无复数、不搭配冠词，只能用What引导感叹句。
B 组（11-20 题）
题号 答案 解析
11 What weather为不可数名词，符合“What+形容词+不可数名词”感叹句结构，用What。
12 How carefully是副词，修饰动词drives，感叹修饰副词用How。
13 What 核心为单数名词短语a beautiful present，用What引导感叹句。
14 How noisy为形容词，修饰主语children的状态，用How修饰形容词。
15 What 中心词为可数名词复数vegetables，适配What引导的复数名词感叹结构。
16 How hard此处为副词，修饰动词working，用How引导感叹句。
17 What news为不可数名词，无复数形式，用What引导感叹句。
18 How slowly是副词，修饰动词walks，感叹副词用How。
19 What 中心词为可数名词复数buildings，用What修饰复数名词短语。
20 How sweet为形容词，修饰主语music，用How引导感叹句。
二、句型转换（C 组 21-30 题）
题号 答案 解析
21 What; a 本题强调单数名词短语a beautiful park，适用“What+a+形容词+单数名词”感叹句结构。
22 How; strongly 句子强调副词strongly（猛烈地），修饰动词blows，用“How+副词+主谓”结构。
23 How; friendly 强调形容词friendly（友好的），修饰主语they，用“How+形容词+主谓”结构。
24 How; fast fast此处为副词，修饰动词runs，用How引导副词类感叹句。
25 What; an 核心为单数名词短语an interesting book，interesting元音音素开头，用What an结构。
26 How; cute 强调形容词cute（可爱的），修饰名词baby，用How引导感叹句。
27 How; well well为副词，修饰动词sings，感叹修饰副词用How。
28 What; delicious 中心词为复数名词apples，用“What+形容词+复数名词”结构。
29 What; fine weather为不可数名词，用“What+形容词+不可数名词”感叹结构。
30 What; a 核心为单数名词短语a useful suggestion，useful辅音音素开头，用What a结构。
三、语法填空（D 组 31-40 题）
题号 答案 解析
31 Don't be 否定祈使句固定结构为“Don’t+动词原形”，be late为固定搭配“迟到”，故填Don't be。
32 Let Let型祈使句，以动词原形Let开头，后接宾语+动词原形，用于提议帮助他人。
33 Turn 肯定祈使句，直接以动词原形开头，turn off为固定短语“关闭”。
34 Don't talk 否定祈使句，语境为图书馆禁止大声喧哗，用“Don’t+动词原形”结构。
35 Be 肯定祈使句，be careful为固定搭配“小心”，动词原形开头。
36 Put 肯定祈使句，put away为固定短语“收拾、收好”，用动词原形。
37 Don't forget 否定祈使句，用于提醒他人不要忘记某事，遵循“Don’t+动词原形”规则。
38 Let Let us do sth. 为固定祈使句型，表提议，句首用动词原形Let。
39 Do Do可置于祈使句动词前，用于加强语气，表示“务必、一定”。
40 Open 肯定祈使句，礼貌请求开窗，以动词原形open开头。
四、短文填空（41-75 题）
Passage 1（41-50 题）
题号 答案 解析
41 What 修饰单数名词短语a wonderful day，符合“What+a+形容词+单数名词”感叹句结构。
42 How 修饰形容词beautiful，适用“How+形容词+主谓”感叹句句式。
43 Don't forget 直接引语的否定祈使句，提醒他人不要忘记，用“Don’t+动词原形”结构。
44 Let Let型祈使句，用于主动承担事情、提出自我行动，动词原形开头。
45 Be 肯定祈使句，be careful为固定搭配，告诫他人小心，用动词原形。
46 don't run 并列否定祈使句，与前面be careful呼应，告诫不要奔跑，用否定动词原形。
47 What 中心词为单数名词a large lake，用What引导名词性感叹句。
48 How 修饰形容词lovely，感叹时光美好，用How修饰形容词。
49 Don't waste 否定祈使句，劝告读者不要浪费时光，遵循否定祈使句结构。
50 What 中心词为复数名词memories，用What修饰复数名词短语。
Passage 2（51-60 题）
题号 答案 解析
51 Be 肯定祈使句，be polite为固定搭配“有礼貌”，动词原形开头给出行为建议。
52 Don't talk 否定祈使句，规定公共场合禁止随意讲话，用“Don’t+动词原形”。
53 Do Do置于动词前表强调，意为“务必、一定要尊重他人观点”。
54 What 中心词为单数名词a valuable thing，用What引导感叹句。
55 How 修饰形容词important，感叹礼貌的重要性，用How结构。
56 Remember 肯定祈使句，给出做人准则建议，动词原形开头。
57 Let Let型祈使句，用于引出故事、开启叙述。
58 How 修饰副词well，感叹大家对他的喜爱程度，用How。
59 Don't forget 否定祈使句，提醒读者铭记善意的意义。
60 Try 肯定祈使句，结尾给出倡议，动词原形开头。
Passage 3（61-75 题）
题号 答案 解析
61 What 中心词为单数名词a busy morning，用What引导感叹句。
62 Get 直接引语祈使句，妈妈叮嘱早起，肯定祈使句动词原形开头。
63 Let Let型祈使句，表达自我主动检查物品的行为。
64 Help 内心自我叮嘱的肯定祈使句，决定主动帮助老人。
65 How 修饰形容词heavy，感叹箱子很重，用How结构。
66 don't be 否定祈使句，劝慰读者不要害怕助人，固定结构“Don’t be+形容词”。
67 What 中心词为单数名词a warm feeling，用What引导感叹句。
68 Do Do表强调，老师鼓励学生务必全力以赴考试。
69 don't worry 并列否定祈使句，劝慰学生不要担忧考试结果。
70 believe 并列肯定祈使句，鼓励学生相信自己，用动词原形。
71 How 修饰形容词encouraging，感叹老师的话语鼓舞人心。
72 What 中心词为单数名词a difficult exam，用What引导感叹句。
73 What 中心词为单数名词a great lesson，用What感叹收获的教训。
74 Face 肯定祈使句，给出人生感悟，鼓励勇敢面对挑战。
75 don't run 并列否定祈使句，告诫不要逃避困难。

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