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专题十四：固定搭配与句型
第一部分 专题讲解
一、花费类动词辨析
动词 常用结构 主语 例句
spend sb. spend(s) time/money on sth.
sb. spend(s) time/money (in) doing sth. 人 I spent two hours on my homework.
I spent two hours (in) doing my homework.
cost sth. cost(s) sb. time/money 物 The book cost me 50 yuan.
pay sb. pay(s) money for sth. 人 I paid 50 yuan for the book.
take It takes sb. time to do sth. it（形式主语） It took me two hours to finish my homework.
二、感官动词用法
核心动词 正确结构 用法含义 经典例句
see / watch / hear / notice / feel sb. do sth. 看见/听见/注意到/感觉到动作全过程、经常性动作或动作已结束 I saw him cross the street.
sb. doing sth. 看见/听见/注意到/感觉到动作正在进行 I saw him crossing the street.（我看见他正在过马路）
sb./sth. done 看见/听见某人/某物被……（表被动、完成） I heard my name called.（我听见有人叫我的名字）
被动语态 be seen/heard/watched to do sth. 感官动词主动省to，被动语态必须还原不定式to He was seen to cross the street.
易错总结：
感官动词主动用法三结构：sb. do（全过程）/ sb. doing（进行中）/ sb./sth. done（被动），无 sb. done sth. 错误用法；
仅感官动词do结构变被动需还原to，doing、done形式变被动无需加to；
无宾语时可直接接doing，例：I heard singing.（我听见有人在唱歌）；
常用五大感官动词：see, watch, hear, notice, feel。
三、易混动词短语辨析
单词 固定搭配 词义 例句
borrow borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借（借入） I borrowed a book from the library.
lend lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人（借出） He lent his bike to me.
keep keep sth. for + 时间段 借用（延续性动词，可接时长） You can keep the book for two weeks.
bring bring sth. to sb. 带来（朝向说话人） Please bring your book to me.
take take sth. to sp. 带走、拿去（远离说话人） Take the book to the library.
fetch fetch sth. 去取来、去拿来（往返动作） Can you fetch some water
carry carry sth. 搬运、携带（无固定方向） He carried the box upstairs.
四、常用固定句型
句型结构 中文释义 例句
It’s + adj. + for sb. + to do 对某人来说，做某事是…… 的 It's important for us to learn English.
It’s + adj. + of sb. + to do 某人做某事真是……（评价人品） It's kind of you to help me.
too...to... 太…… 而不能…… He is too young to go to school.
enough to do 足够…… 可以做…… He is old enough to go to school.
so...that... 如此…… 以至于…… He is so young that he can't go to school.
not...until... 直到…… 才…… He didn't leave until I came back.
as soon as 一…… 就…… I will call you as soon as I arrive.
used to do 过去常常做某事 He used to get up late.
be used to doing 习惯于做某事 He is used to getting up early.
be used to do 被用来做某事 This knife is used to cut bread.
五、for 与 of 在句型中的区别
结构 用法说明 常用形容词 例句
It’s + adj. + for sb. + to do 形容事情本身的性质、难度 important, necessary, hard, easy It's important for you to study.
It’s + adj. + of sb. + to do 评价人的品行、性格 kind, nice, clever, foolish, careless It's kind of you to help.
六、that 引导的宾语从句常用句型
句型 中文释义 例句
I think that... 我认为…… I think that he is right.
I believe that... 我相信…… I believe that you can do it.
I hope that... 我希望…… I hope that you will succeed.
I’m sure that... 我确信…… I'm sure that he will come.
I’m afraid that... 恐怕…… I'm afraid that I can't go.
七、it 作形式主语的句型
句型结构 例句
It + be + adj. + to do It is important to learn English.
It + be + n. + to do It is a good idea to take a walk.
It + takes + time + to do It takes two hours to finish the work.
第二部分 训练习题
一、语法填空（用括号内单词的正确形式填空）
A 组（共 10 题）
It took me two hours____________(finish) my homework.
I spent 50 yuan____________this book.
He paid 100 dollars____________the coat.
The new computer____________(cost) me 5,000 yuan.
I saw him____________(enter) the room and sit down.
I heard her____________(sing) when I passed by.
He borrowed a dictionary____________his classmate.
Can you lend your pen____________me
You can____________(keep) this book for two weeks.
Please____________(bring) your homework to school tomorrow.
B 组（共 10 题）
It's very kind____________you to help me.
It’s important____________us to protect the environment.
He is too young____________(go) to school.
She is old enough____________(drive) a car.
He used to____________(get) up late, but now he is used to____________(get) up early.
This knife is used to____________(cut) bread.
I didn't leave____________he came back.
I will call you____________I get to the airport.
The box is____________heavy that I can’t carry it.
She is____________a nice girl that everyone likes her.
二、短文语法填空（在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式）
Passage 1
My school life is busy but enjoyable. It 1______ (take) me about 30 minutes to get to school every day. I usually 2______ (spend) one hour on my homework in the evening. My father often says, “It's important 3______ you to manage your time well.”
Last week, I 4______ (borrow) an interesting book from the library. My friend Li Ming asked me to lend it 5______ him. I said, “You can 6______ (keep) it for one week.” 7______ (read) is a good habit. It’s never 8______ late to start.
My teacher told us, “It’s kind 9______ you to help others.” I will remember her words. I'm looking forward to 10______ (become) a better person.
Passage 2
Dear Tina,
I’m writing to share a problem with you. It1______ (take) me a long time to finish my homework every day. I often2______ (spend) three hours on it. I 3______ (pay) a lot of attention to my studies, but I feel exhausted.
My mother said, “It's necessary 4______ you to take breaks.” She is right. I 5______ (use) to study all night, but now I 6______ (be) used to going to bed early. I find that I can focus better after a good rest.
I 7______ (borrow) a book about time management from the library yesterday. It 8______ (cost) me no money because I borrowed it. I read 9______ interesting suggestions that I want to share with you. I hope you 10______ (find) them helpful.
Write back soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
Passage 3
A few years ago, I 1______ (use) to be very shy. I 2______ (be) afraid to speak in front of others. One day, my teacher said, “It's important 3______ you to express your ideas. It’s very brave 4______ you to try.”
She asked me to 5______ (bring) a book to class and read a passage aloud. She said, “Don't worry. It’s not6______ difficult 7______ you think. You are old 8______ (do) it.” I decided 9______ (try). I 10______ (spend) two hours preparing for it.
On that day, I stood in front of the class. I 11______ (see) my teacher smiling at me. I 12______ (hear) my classmates encouraging me. I took a deep breath and started reading. I didn't stop 13______ I finished the whole passage.
My teacher was proud of me. She said, “I knew you could do it. Nothing is 14______ (difficult) 15______ you believe in yourself.”
Passage 4
It 1______ (take) me three years to realize the importance of friendship. My best friend Zhang Wei 2______ (be) always there for me.
I remember the day3______ I failed the math exam. I felt 4______ sad 5______ I didn’t want to talk to anyone. Zhang Wei came to me and said, “It's not 6______ late to improve.7______ (not give) up.” He 8______ (lend) his notes to me. He 9______ (spend) two hours every day helping me with math. He said, “It’s 10______ (use) to study hard, 11______ it's more important to study smart.”
12______ the help of Zhang Wei, I made great progress. I 13______ (use) to hate math, but now I am 14______ (use) to studying it every day. I’ve learned 15______ true friendship means helping each other grow.
答案与解析
一、语法填空
A 组
题号 答案 解析
1 to finish 固定句型：It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。
2 on 固定搭配：spend money on sth. 在某物上花钱。
3 for 固定搭配：pay money for sth. 为某物付款。
4 cost 主语为物品，描述过去发生的动作，cost 过去式仍为 cost。
5 enter see sb. do sth. 表示看到动作完整发生的全过程。
6 singing hear sb. doing sth. 表示听到动作正在进行。
7 from 固定搭配：borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物。
8 to 固定搭配：lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人。
9 keep 情态动词 can 后接动词原形。
10 bring 祈使句中谓语动词用原形，bring 意为 “带来”。
B 组
题号 答案 解析
11 of It's + 形容词 + of sb. to do sth.，形容词评价人的品行。
12 for It's + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.，形容词描述事情的性质。
13 to go 固定结构 too...to... 太…… 而不能……，to 后接动词原形。
14 to drive 固定结构 enough to do sth. 足够…… 可以做某事。
15 get; getting used to do 过去常常做某事；be used to doing 习惯于做某事。
16 cut be used to do sth. 意为 “被用来做某事”，to 为不定式符号，接动词原形。
17 until 固定结构 not...until... 直到…… 才……。
18 as soon as 连词短语，意为 “一…… 就……”，引导时间状语从句。
19 so so...that... 如此…… 以至于……，so 修饰形容词 / 副词。
20 such such...that... 如此…… 以至于……，such 修饰名词短语。
二、短文语法填空
Passage 1
题号 答案 解析
1 takes 由 every day 可知用一般现在时，it 作主语，谓语动词用三单形式。
2 spend 一般现在时，主语为 I，谓语动词用原形。
3 for It's important for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事很重要。
4 borrowed last week 表示过去时间，谓语动词用过去式。
5 to lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人。
6 keep 情态动词 can 后接动词原形。
7 Reading 动名词在句中作主语。
8 too 固定短语 never too late to do sth. 做某事永远不晚。
9 of It's kind of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事很善良。
10 becoming look forward to 中 to 是介词，后接动名词形式。
Passage 2
题号 答案 解析
1 takes 一般现在时，it 作主语，动词用三单形式。
2 spend 一般现在时，主语 I 后接动词原形。
3 pay 固定搭配 pay attention to 注意，时态为一般现在时。
4 for It's necessary for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事很有必要。
5 used used to do sth. 过去常常做某事。
6 am be used to doing 习惯于做某事，主语为 I，be 动词用 am。
7 borrowed yesterday 为过去时间，动词用过去式。
8 cost 主语为物品，描述过去动作，cost 过去式不变。
9 some 修饰可数名词复数 suggestions，用 some 表示 “一些”。
10 will find 主句为一般现在时，hope 后从句常用一般将来时。
Passage 3
题号 答案 解析
1 used used to do sth. 过去常常，描述过去的状态。
2 was 由 a few years ago 可知用一般过去时，主语 I 对应 be 动词 was。
3 for It's important for sb. to do sth. 句式用法。
4 of brave 评价人的品质，用介词 of。
5 bring ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事，to 后接动词原形。
6 so 固定结构 not so...as... 不如……。
7 as not so...as... 比较结构的固定搭配。
8 to do old enough to do sth. 年龄足够大可以做某事。
9 to try decide to do sth. 决定做某事，固定搭配。
10 spent 讲述过去的事，动词用过去式。
11 saw 一般过去时，see 的过去式为 saw。
12 heard 一般过去时，hear 的过去式为 heard。
13 until not...until... 直到…… 才……。
14 more difficult 形容词比较级，构成 more...than... 比较句式。
15 than 搭配前面比较级，构成 more...than... 结构。
Passage 4题号 答案 解析
1 took 描述过往经历，用一般过去时。
2 is 陈述现在的客观情况，用一般现在时。
3 when 关系副词 when 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 the day。
4 so so...that... 结构，so 修饰形容词 sad。
5 that so...that... 引导结果状语从句。
6 too never too late to do sth. 做某事永远为时不晚。
7 Don't 否定祈使句，句首用 Don't。
8 lent 讲述过去发生的动作，lend 的过去式为 lent。
9 spent 一般过去时，spend 的过去式为 spent。
10 useful 此处用形容词 useful 作表语，意为 “有用的”。
11 but 前后两句为转折关系，用连词 but。
12 With 固定搭配 with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下。
13 used used to do sth. 过去常常做某事。
14 used be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事。
15 that that 引导宾语从句，在从句中不作成分。

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