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专题十六：词性转换综合
第一部分：专题讲解
一、动词与名词的转换
动词 名词 含义 例句
act act / actor / actress 行动 / 演员 She is a famous actress.
decide decision 决定 We need to make a decision.
feel feeling 感觉 I have a strange feeling.
behave behavior 行为 His behavior was strange.
apologize apology 道歉 Please accept my apology.
choose choice 选择 It’s a difficult choice.
die death 死亡 His death made us sad.
succeed success 成功 Hard work leads to success.
invite invitation 邀请 I received an invitation.
prepare preparation 准备 The preparation took a week.
organize organization 组织 He joined an organization.
discuss discussion 讨论 We had a long discussion.
improve improvement 提高 There is room for improvement.
develop development 发展 Economic development is important.
agree agreement / disagreement 同意 / 分歧 We reached an agreement.
appear appearance / disappearance 出现 / 消失 Her appearance changed.
communicate communication 交流 Communication is key.
argue argument 争论 They had an argument.
explain explanation 解释 His explanation made sense.
compare comparison 比较 By comparison, this is better.
compete competition / competitor 比赛 / 竞争者 He won the competition.
achieve achievement 成就 This is a great achievement.
encourage encouragement 鼓励 Thank you for your encouragement.
protect protection 保护 We need protection from the sun.
pollute pollution 污染 Pollution is a serious problem.
recycle recycling 回收利用 Recycling helps the environment.
collect collection / collector 收藏 / 收藏家 He has a stamp collection.
donate donation 捐赠 Thank you for your donation.
educate education / educator 教育 / 教育家 Education is important.
celebrate celebration 庆祝 We had a big celebration.
imagine imagination 想象 Use your imagination.
teach teacher / teaching 教师 / 教学 She is a good teacher.
drive driver 司机 He is a bus driver.
follow follower 追随者 He has many followers.
二、名词与形容词的转换
名词 形容词 含义 例句
difference different 不同的 They have different opinions.
interest interesting / interested 有趣的 / 感兴趣的 This book is interesting.
friend friendly 友好的 She is very friendly.
care careful / careless 小心的 / 粗心的 Be careful when crossing.
luck lucky / unlucky 幸运的 / 不幸的 We are lucky to be alive.
health healthy 健康的 Eat healthy food.
meaning meaningful / meaningless 有意义的 / 无意义的 This is a meaningful job.
pride proud 骄傲的 I am proud of you.
kindness kind 善良的 It‘s very kind of you.
illness ill 生病的 He is ill today.
importance important 重要的 This is very important.
difficulty difficult 困难的 The test is difficult.
beauty beautiful 美丽的 What a beautiful flower.
popularity popular 受欢迎的 He is very popular.
sadness sad 悲伤的 She looks sad.
三、形容词与副词的转换
形容词 副词 变化规则 例句
usual usually 直接加 -ly I usually get up at 7.
quick quickly 直接加 -ly Run quickly.
careful carefully 直接加 -ly Drive carefully.
easy easily 变 y 为 i 加 -ly He won easily.
happy happily 变 y 为 i 加 -ly She laughed happily.
lucky luckily 变 y 为 i 加 -ly Luckily, he was safe.
quiet quietly 直接加 -ly Speak quietly.
simple simply 去 e 加 -y It’s simply great.
loud loudly 直接加 -ly Don‘t talk loudly.
slow slowly 直接加 -ly Walk slowly.
heavy heavily 变 y 为 i 加 -ly It rained heavily.
angry angrily 变 y 为 i 加 -ly He shouted angrily.
polite politely 直接加 -ly Ask politely.
possible possibly 直接加 -ly Possibly, he is right.
terrible terribly 去 e 加 -y I’m terribly sorry.
real really 直接加 -ly It‘s really good.
四、动词与形容词的转换
动词 形容词 含义 例句
relax relaxed / relaxing 放松的 / 令人放松的 I feel relaxed.
excite excited / exciting 兴奋的 / 令人兴奋的 The news is exciting.
bore bored / boring 厌倦的 / 无聊的 I feel bored.
tire tired / tiring 疲倦的 / 累人的 I’m so tired.
worry worried / worrying 担心的 / 令人担忧的 She has a worried look.
surprise surprised / surprising 吃惊的 / 令人吃惊的 I was surprised.
frighten frightened / frightening 害怕的 / 令人害怕的 The movie is frightening.
please pleased / pleasing 高兴的 / 令人高兴的 I’m pleased to meet you.
forget unforgettable / forgetful 难忘的 / 健忘的 It was an unforgettable day.
enjoy enjoyable 令人愉快的 What an enjoyable trip.
understand understanding 善解人意的 She is very understanding.
interest interested / interesting 感兴趣的 / 有趣的 I‘m interested in art.
五、特殊词性转换
原词 词性 变形 词性 含义
true 形容词 truth 名词 真相
strong 形容词 strength 名词 力量
long 形容词 length 名词 长度
wide 形容词 width 名词 宽度
high 形容词 height 名词 高度
deep 形容词 depth 名词 深度
possible 形容词 possibility 名词 可能性
responsible 形容词 responsibility 名词 责任
confident 形容词 confidence 名词 信心
patient 形容词 patience 名词 耐心
第二部分：训练习题
一、语法填空（用所给单词的正确形式填空）
A 组（10 小题）
His__________ (ill) kept him in hospital for a week.
What’s the__________ (different) between the two pictures
Thank you for your__________ (kind).
I have a__________ (feel) that something is wrong.
She is a__________ (success) businesswoman.
We need to make a__________ (decide) as soon as possible.
His__________ (behave) at the party was very strange.
Please accept my__________ (apologize).
She showed great__________ (brave) during the accident.
The__________ (solve) to this problem is not easy to find.
B 组（10 小题）
He is a famous__________ (act) from China.
The movie was very__________ (excite).
She was__________ (deep) moved by the story.
We should eat__________ (health) every day.
The story has a happy__________ (begin).
He is a__________ (truth) person. He never tells lies.
The__________ (long) of the river is about 500 kilometers.
She showed great__________ (confident) in the interview.
He is old enough to have__________ (responsible) for his actions.
__________ (luck), he passed the driving test on his first try.
C 组（10 小题）
Please listen to the teacher__________ (careful) in class.
It rained__________ (heavy) last night.
She always smiles__________ (happy).
I can do the work__________ (easy).
He is__________ (real) sorry for being late.
The little girl can dance__________ (beautiful).
Don‘t speak so__________ (loud). The baby is sleeping.
He runs very__________ (quick).
She speaks English__________ (fluent).
They played__________ (happy) together.
二、短文语法填空（阅读短文，用括号内单词的正确形式填空）
Passage 1
Everyone makes 1__________ (mistake) in life. The important thing is to learn from them. I still remember an 2 __________(embarrass) experience I had last year.
I was 3 __________(real) nervous before my first speech. My heart was 4__________ (beat) fast. I took a deep 5__________ (breathe) and walked onto the stage. But I forgot my words in the middle of the speech. I felt 6__________ (hope) and wanted to run away.
However, my teacher gave me an 7__________ (courage) smile. I calmed down and finished my speech. The audience gave me warm 8__________ (applaud). This experience taught me an 9__________ (value) lesson: 10 __________(fail) is not the end. It is a chance for growth.
Passage 2
My hometown is a small but 1__________ (beauty) village. There are 2__________ (hundred) of trees and flowers around it. The air is fresh and clean. The people there are 3 __________(friend) and 4__________ (help).
When I was young, I lived a 5__________ (peace) life there. I spent many 6__________ (enjoy) days with my friends. We went 7__________ (fish) in the river and climbed the hills. Those 8 __________(memory) are still 9__________ (clear) in my mind.
However, great 10__________ (change) have taken place in my hometown. Many tall buildings have been built.
Passage 3
Last summer, I had a 1__________ (wonder) trip to Hangzhou. The 2__________ (beautiful) of the West Lake is beyond 3 (describe). It was an 4__________ (forget) experience.
On the first day, I 5__________ (take) a boat tour on the lake. The guide spoke 6__________ (soft) and told us many 7__________ (interest) stories about the lake. I was 8__________ (deep) attracted by the 9__________ (peace) environment.
The 10 __________(hot) made me tired, so I sat down under a tree. A local old man came to talk with me. He was very 11__________ (friend) and 12__________ (help). He told me that the best time to visit is in spring when flowers 13__________ (bloom).
I thanked him 14__________ (warm) for his advice. This trip taught me that 15__________ (patient) and kindness can make any journey better.
Passage 4
Reading is one of the most 1__________ (meaning) activities in my life. It brings me not only 2__________ (know) but also 3 __________(happy).
I still remember the 4__________ (excite) I felt when I read my first novel. The story was so 5__________ (interest) that I couldn’t put it down. I was 6__________ (complete) lost in the world of the book.
My mother, who is a 7__________ (teach), always encouraged me to read. She said that reading 8 __________(able) us to travel through time and space. Her 9__________ (encourage) made me fall in love with books.
10 __________(lucky), our school has a large library with a rich 11__________ (collect) of books. The 12 __________(quiet) of the reading room helps me focus. The librarian is very 13__________ (help) and often recommends good books to me.
I believe that reading 14__________ (rich) our minds and opens new worlds. The 15__________ (important) of reading cannot be overstated. It is a habit worth keeping for life.
答案与解析
一、语法填空
A 组（1—10 题）
题号 答案 解析
1 illness 形容词性物主代词 his 后接名词，ill 对应的名词形式为 illness。
2 difference 固定搭配 the difference between，意为 “两者之间的差别”。
3 kindness 形容词性物主代词 your 后接名词，kind 的名词形式是 kindness。
4 feeling 固定短语 have a feeling that，意为 “有种…… 的感觉”。
5 successful 空格修饰名词 businesswoman，需使用形容词，success 的形容词为 successful。
6 decision 固定短语 make a decision，意思是 “做决定”。
7 behavior 形容词性物主代词 his 后接名词，动词 behave 转化为名词 behavior。
8 apology 固定表达 accept my apology，意为 “接受我的道歉”。
9 bravery 形容词 great 后接名词，形容词 brave 对应的名词为 bravery。
10 solution 固定用法 the solution to，意为 “…… 的解决办法”。
B 组（11—20 题）
题号 答案 解析
11 actor 形容词 famous 修饰名词，act 表示 “演员” 时，男性演员用 actor。
12 exciting 修饰事物 movie，用 - ing 形式形容词 exciting，表示 “令人兴奋的”。
13 deeply 此处修饰形容词 moved，表达情感程度，要用副词 deeply。
14 healthily 空格修饰动词 eat，副词作状语，health 的副词形式为 healthily。
15 beginning 形容词 happy 后接名词，动词 begin 的名词形式是 beginning。
16 truthful 修饰名词 person，使用形容词 truthful，译为 “诚实的”。
17 length 固定结构 the length of，意为 “…… 的长度”。
18 confidence 形容词 great 后接名词，confident 对应的名词为 confidence。
19 responsibility 固定搭配 have responsibility for，意为 “对…… 承担责任”。
20 Luckily 副词置于句首，修饰整个句子，单词首字母需要大写。
C 组（21—30 题）
题号 答案 解析
21 carefully 修饰动词 listen，用副词形式。
22 heavily 修饰动词 rained，用副词形式。
23 happily 修饰动词 smiles，用副词形式。
24 easily 修饰动词 do，用副词形式。
25 really 修饰形容词 sorry，用副词形式。
26 beautifully 修饰动词 dance，用副词形式。
27 loudly 修饰动词 speak，用副词形式。
28 quickly 修饰动词 runs，用副词形式。
29 fluently 修饰动词 speaks，用副词形式。
30 happily 修饰动词 played，用副词形式。
二、短文语法填空
Passage 1
题号 答案 解析
1 mistakes 固定搭配 make mistakes，意为 “犯错”，常用复数形式。
2 embarrassing 修饰名词 experience（事物），选用 - ing 形式形容词。
3 really 修饰形容词 nervous，使用副词作状语。
4 beating 句子时态为过去进行时，结构为 was + 现在分词。
5 breath 固定短语 take a deep breath，意为 “深呼吸”。
6 hopeless 系动词 feel 后接形容词作表语，hopeless 表示 “绝望的”，符合语境。
7 encouraging 修饰名词 smile，用 - ing 形式形容词，表 “让人鼓舞的”。
8 applause 形容词 warm 后接名词，动词 applaud 转化为名词 applause。
9 valuable 修饰名词 lesson，用形容词 valuable，意为 “宝贵的”。
10 Failure 空格在句中作主语，需用名词形式，fail 的名词为 failure。
Passage 2
题号 答案 解析
1 beautiful 修饰名词 village，使用形容词作定语。
2 hundreds 固定用法 hundreds of，意为 “数百的、许许多多的”。
3 friendly 系动词 are 后接形容词作表语，friend 对应的形容词为 friendly。
4 helpful 与 friendly 并列作表语，选用形容词 helpful。
5 peaceful 修饰名词 life，用形容词 peaceful，译为 “平静的”。
6 enjoyable 修饰名词 days，使用形容词 enjoyable。
7 fishing 固定短语 go fishing，意为 “钓鱼”。
8 memories 指示代词 those 后接可数名词复数形式。
9 clear 系动词 are 后接形容词作表语。
10 changes 固定搭配 great changes，意为 “巨大的变化”，常用复数。
Passage 3
题号 答案 解析
1 wonderful 修饰名词 trip，用形容词作定语。
2 beauty 定冠词 the 后接名词，beautiful 的名词形式为 beauty。
3 description 固定短语 beyond description，意为 “难以形容”。
4 unforgettable 结合语境，这次经历让人难忘，用形容词 unforgettable。
5 took 文章讲述去年的旅行，整体为一般过去时，take 的过去式是 took。
6 softly 修饰动词 spoke，用副词作状语。
7 interesting 修饰名词 stories（事物），用 - ing 形式形容词。
8 deeply 修饰动词 attracted，使用副词 deeply。
9 peaceful 修饰名词 environment，用形容词 peaceful。
10 heat 定冠词 the 后接名词，hot 对应的名词为 heat，意为 “炎热”。
11 friendly 系动词 was 后接形容词作表语。
12 helpful 与 friendly 并列，使用形容词。
13 bloom 句子为一般现在时，主语 flowers 是复数，谓语用动词原形。
14 warmly 修饰动词 thanked，用副词形式。
15 patience 与名词 kindness 并列作主语，patient 的名词形式为 patience。
Passage 4
题号 答案 解析
1 meaningful 固定结构 one of the most + 形容词，此处填形容词 meaningful。
2 knowledge not only 连接名词作宾语，know 对应的名词为 knowledge。
3 happiness 与 knowledge 并列作宾语，happy 的名词形式是 happiness。
4 excitement 定冠词 the 后接名词，excite 的名词为 excitement。
5 interesting 句型 so + 形容词 + that...，修饰事物用 interesting。
6 completely 修饰形容词 lost，用副词作状语。
7 teacher 不定冠词 a 后接名词，teach 表示职业用 teacher。
8 enables 动名词 reading 作主语，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。
9 encouragement 形容词性物主代词 her 后接名词，encourage 的名词为 encouragement。
10 Luckily 副词放句首修饰全句，首字母大写。
11 collection 形容词 rich 后接名词，collect 的名词形式为 collection。
12 quietness 定冠词 the 后接名词，quiet 对应的名词为 quietness。
13 helpful 系动词 is 后接形容词作表语。
14 enriches 动名词 reading 作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
15 importance 定冠词 the 后接名词，important 的名词为 importance。

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