资源简介

Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.knob n.　　　　 旋钮;球形把手
2.electrical adj. 电的;用电的
3.innovation n. 创新;创造
4.nanobot n. 纳米机器人
5.clone vt. 克隆;以无性繁殖技术复制
n. 克隆动物(或植物)
6.cease vi.& vt. (使)停止;终止
7.deceased adj. 已死的;亡故的
8.signpost n. 路标
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.phrase n. 短语;词组
2.appliance n. 电器;器具
3.remote adj. 远程的;偏远的
4.sensor n. 传感器;敏感元件
5.mode n. 模式;方式;风格
6.cancer n. 癌;癌症;毒瘤
7.leak vi.& vt. 漏;渗漏;透露
n. 漏洞;裂缝;透露
8.artificial adj. 人工的;人造的;假的
9.forecast vt.& n. 预测;预报
10.rural adj. 乡村的;农村的
11.career n. 职业;事业
12.prospect n. 可能性;前景
13.paragraph n. 段;段落
14.essay n. 文章
Ⅲ.多义单词
1.switch vt.转换;交换 vi.& vt.(使)改变;转变 n.开关;转换器;改变
①switch to a new subject 转换到一个新科目
②switch places 交换位置
③switch one’s attitude 改变某人的态度
④switch from digital to paper 从数字转换到纸质
⑤a light switch 灯开关
⑥a signal switch 信号转换器
⑦a switch in strategy 策略的改变
2.routine n.常规;正常顺序 adj.常规的;日常的
①a new safety routine 新的安全常规
②change the routine 改变正常顺序
③a routine check 常规检查
④routine practice 日常练习
3.command n.指令;命令;控制;掌握vt.命令;控制;应得;俯瞰
①follow the command 遵循指令
②give a command 下命令
③take command of the situation 掌控局面
④command someone to stop 命令某人停止
⑤command the game 控制比赛
4.available adj.可获得的;可购得的;(人)有空的
①available resources 可获得的资源
②available books 可购得的书籍
③be available for help 有空提供帮助
5.structure n.结构;体系vt.系统安排;精心组织
①sentence structures 句子结构
②organizational structures 组织体系
③structure one’s study plan 系统安排某人的学习计划
④structure the event well 精心组织活动
6.advocate vt.提倡;支持;拥护 n.提倡者;支持者;拥护者
①advocate environmental protection 提倡环境保护
②advocate the new policy 支持新政策
③advocate the importance of teamwork 拥护团队合作的重要性
④a passionate advocate of sports 热衷体育的支持者
⑤a leading advocate of science and technology 科技领域的主要拥护者
Ⅳ.派生单词
1.persuade vt. 劝说;说服;使相信
persuasive adj. 有说服力的
persuasion n. 说服;劝说
2.distant adj. 遥远的;远处的;疏远的;心不在焉的
distance n. 距离
vt. 拉开距离;使疏远
3.secure adj. 安全的;安心的;可靠的;牢固的
vt. 获得;拴牢;保护
security n. 安全工作;保护措施
4.automatic adj. 自动的
automatically adv. 自动地
5.integrate vi.& vt. (使)合并;成为一体;融入群体
integrated adj. 各部分密切协调的;综合的
6.efficient adj. 效率高的;有功效的
efficiently adv. 有效地
efficiency n. 效率;效能
7.preference n. 爱好;偏爱
prefer vt. 更喜欢;宁愿
8.instant n. 瞬间;片刻
adj. 立即的;速食的;速溶的
instantly adv. 立即地,即刻地
9.obey vi.& vt. 服从;遵守
disobey vi.& vt. 不服从;违反
10.warning n. 警告;警示;先兆
warn vt. 警告
11.constant adj. 不断的;重复的;不变的
n. 常数;常量
constantly adv. 不断地,时常地
12.abnormal adj. 不正常的;反常的
normal adj. 正常的
13.critical adj. 严重的;关键的;批判性的
critic n. 评论家
criticize vt. 批评;评论
critically adv. 批判性地
14.potential adj. 可能的;潜在的
n. 潜力;可能性
[敲黑板]2025·全国一卷阅读理解D考查到该词。
potentially adv. 潜在地;可能地
15.wire n. 电线;金属丝(或线)
vt. 接通电源;将……连接到
wiring n. 电线线路;线路系统
16.detect vt. 发现;查明
detective n. 侦探
17.relevant adj. 有关的;有意义的
irrelevant adj. 不相关的
relevantly adv. 相关地;贴切地
relevance n. 相关性
18.fantasy n. 幻想;想象
fantastic adj. 极好的
19.crime n. 犯罪活动;不法行为
criminal n. 罪犯;犯人
adj. 刑事的;犯罪的
bine vt.& vi. (使)结合;混合
combination n. 结合;联合;组合
21.predict vt. 预测;预言;预料
prediction n. 预测;预言
22.occupation n. 职业;占领
occupy vt. 占据;占用;使忙于(做某事)
occupied adj. 被占领的;使用中;忙于
23.oppose vt. 反对;抵制;阻挠
opposed adj. 强烈反对;截然不同
opposite adj. 对面的;相反的
opposition n. 反对
24.absence n. 不存在;缺乏;缺席
absent adj. 缺席;不在;心不在焉的
25.emphasis n. 强调;重视;重要性
emphasize vt. 强调
26.luxury n. 奢华
luxurious adj. 奢侈的
27.resist vi.& vt. 抵制;反抗;抵挡
resistance n. 抵制;反对;抗拒
resistant adj. 反抗的;抵制的
28.accurate adj. 精确的;准确的
accurately adv. 精确地;准确地
accuracy n. 精确性
29.librarian n. 图书管理员;图书馆馆长
library n. 图书馆
Ⅴ.短语词块
(一)核心短语
1.switch off/on 关/开(电灯、机器等)
2.early on 在初期;早先
3.catch fire 着火
4.in this sense (in...sense) 从这种(某种)意义上来讲
5.on the one hand...;on the other hand... 一方面……,另一方面……
6.keep in touch (with...) (与……)保持联系;了解(某课题或领域的情况)
(二)主题词块
1.smart homes 智能家居
2.keep sb secure 使某人安全
3.remote control 遥控器;遥控
4.air conditioner 空调机;空调设备
5.advanced technology 先进技术
6.automatic control 自动控制
7.daily routine 日常生活
8.monitor one’s health 监测某人的健康
9.send a warning to one’s phone 给某人的手机发送一个警告
10.driverless cars 无人驾驶汽车
11.artificial intelligence (AI) 人工智能
Ⅵ.教材佳句
1.Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes,and you will find your dinner already prepared for you.(the instant)
你一进家门,灯就会亮起,还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目(会自动播放),而且你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。
2.Nevertheless,it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.(it will take/takes/took+一段时间+before...)
然而,还需要过些年大多数新住宅才会开始使用这种新技术。
3.It could even be argued that the Amish’s quality of life is better since they live in and appreciate the natural environment rather than living in large,polluted cities.(it+be+过去分词+that)
甚至有人认为,阿米什的生活质量更高,因为他们生活在自然的环境中,怡然自得,而不是生活在污染严重的大城市里。
4.Moreover,the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world.(it作形式宾语)
此外,互联网使朋友和家人轻松保持联系成为可能,即使他们在世界的两端。
5.However,in the not-too-distant future,we will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget.(现象介绍)
然而,在不久的将来,我们将生活在智能家居中。当我们外出时,智能家居会为我们锁门;当我们忘记关掉电视时,智能家居会记得关掉。
构词法日积月累
形容词后缀-ive表示“有……性质的,有……倾向的”
直接+ive attract→attractive吸引人的;effect→effective有效的;instruct→instructive教育性的; support→supportive支持的;protect→protective保护的;product→productive多产的,富有成效的
去e+ive create→creative有创造力的;defense→defensive防御性的
去d/de +sive conclude→conclusive结论性的;确凿的;decide→decisive决定性的;persuade→persuasive有说服力的
Step One　写一写
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.electrical adj.电的;用电的
2.innovation n.创新;创造
3.clone vt.克隆;以无性繁殖技术复制n.克隆动物(或植物)
4.cease vi.& vt.(使)停止;终止
5.deceased adj.已死的;亡故的
6.signpost n.路标
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.phrase n.短语;词组
2.switch vt.转换;交换 vi.& vt.(使)改变;转变 n.开关;转换器;改变
3.remote adj.远程的;偏远的
4.routine n.常规;正常顺序 adj.常规的;日常的
5.command n.指令;命令;控制;掌握 vt.命令;控制;应得;俯瞰
6.leak vi.& vt.漏;渗漏;透露 n.漏洞;裂缝;透露
7.available adj.可获得的;可购得的;(人)有空的
8.structure n.结构;体系 vt.系统安排;精心组织
9.forecast vt.& n.预测;预报
10.career n.职业;事业
11.prospect n.可能性;前景
12.paragraph n.段;段落
13.essay n.文章
14.advocate vt.提倡;支持;拥护 n.提倡者;支持者;拥护者
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.persuade vt.劝说;说服;使相信→persuasive adj.有说服力的→persuasion n.说服;劝说
2.distant adj.遥远的;远处的;疏远的;心不在焉的→distance n.距离vt.拉开距离;使疏远
3.efficient adj.效率高的;有功效的→efficiently adv.有效地→efficiency n.效率;效能
4.instant n.瞬间;片刻 adj.立即的;速食的;速溶的→instantly adv.立即地,即刻地
5.constant adj.不断的;重复的;不变的 n.常数;常量→constantly adv.不断地,时常地
6.potential adj.可能的;潜在的 n.潜力;可能性→potentially adv.潜在地;可能地
7.relevant adj.有关的;有意义的→irrelevant adj.不相关的→relevantly adv.相关地;贴切地→relevance n.相关性
8.combine vt.& vi.(使)结合;混合→combination n.结合;联合;组合
9.predict vt.预测;预言;预料→prediction n.预测;预言
10.occupy vt.占据;占用;使忙于(做某事)→occupied adj.被占领的;使用中;忙于→occupation n.职业;占领
11.absent adj.缺席;不在;心不在焉的→absence n.不存在;缺乏;缺席
12.emphasis n.强调;重视;重要性→emphasize vt.强调
13.accurate adj.精确的;准确的→accurately adv.精确地;准确地→accuracy n.精确性
Ⅳ.重点短语
1.switch off/on关/开(电灯、机器等)
2.early on在初期;早先
3.catch fire着火
4.in this sense (in...sense)从这种(某种)意义上来讲
5.keep in touch (with...)(与……)保持联系;了解(某课题或领域的情况)
6.remote control 遥控器;遥控
7.air conditioner 空调机;空调设备
8.daily routine 日常生活
9.artificial intelligence (AI)人工智能
Ⅴ.教材佳句默写
1.Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes,and you will find your dinner already prepared for you.
你一进家门,灯就会亮起,还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目(会自动播放),而且你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。
2.Nevertheless,it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.
然而,还需要过些年大多数新住宅才会开始使用这种新技术。
3.Moreover,the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world.
此外,互联网使朋友和家人轻松保持联系成为可能,即使他们在世界的两端。
Step Two　练一练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The teacher assigned us to write an essay (文章) on how to integrate individuals’ values with the society’s needs.
2.The sports meeting won many likes from the students,for it added colour to the dull routine (常规) of campus life.
3.She started studying English,but switched (改变;转变) to law in her second year.
4.Grammar information enables students to relate the structure (结构) of a foreign language to their own.
5.As for the position,applicants will be expected to have a good command of computer skills.
6.The forecast said it would be rainy the next day.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的正确形式填空
combine;distant;efficient;emphasize;occupy;predict;relevant
1.Weather prediction has never been a perfect science.
2.Schools are beginning to place emphasis on using computers to teach students.
3.Her occupation is a secretary,so she is occupied with routine office tasks.
4.It is obvious that you should have enough sleep to improve your work efficiency.
5.As far as the eye could see,the road snaked away into the distance.
6.A good manager should combine technology with management and that’s a winning combination.
7.I understand what you are saying but I don’t understand the relevance to this discussion.
Ⅲ.用所给短语的正确形式填空(其中有两个多余短语)
catch fire;daily routine;early on;in this sense;keep in touch with;remote control;switch off
1.My cousin moved abroad for his studies,but we keep in touch with each other through video calls every weekend,sharing our weekly stories.
2.In this sense,computers cannot replace the creative work done by teachers.
3.Nowadays,some household appliances can be switched off by voice commands.
4.The oxygen workshop caught fire and set off a chain of explosions.
5.He was injured early on and didn’t last the match.
Ⅳ.教材佳句仿写
1.The instant my father came back home,my mother told him what had happened.(动作描写;the instant)
父亲一回家,母亲就告诉他发生了什么事。
2.If you miss this chance,it will take years before you get another one.(it will take/takes/took+一段时间+before)
如果你错过这次机会,多年之后你才可能再次得到这样的机会。
3.I have a good command of English,which makes it easier for me to find a good job.(it作形式宾语)
我精通英语,这使我更容易找到一份好工作。
Ⅴ.单元知识串记
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Passage 1
Artificial intelligence can get many appliances such as air conditioners 1.switched (switch) on in a remote place at the owner’s command.Besides,some sensors have been installed to give 2.warnings (warning) the instant they detect something abnormal like a gas leak.Apart from these,some innovations 3.combined (combine) with space technology can also make 4.accurate (accurately) weather forecasts and even predict potential natural disasters.5.In this sense,technological advances make our lives more comfortable and convenient.
Passage 2
In a smart home,many of the things that we now do ourselves will become automatic.Hence,you would no longer have to turn 1.switches (switch) on and off,making your home more energy-efficient.The smart home could also monitor itself to ensure that everything is working 2.securely (secure) and send you a warning early 3.on if there exists something abnormal.Such smart homes may even be programmed 4.to detect (detect) your health problems and then offer you relevant advice as to what food you should eat or whether you should see a doctor.So,smart homes will 5.potentially (potential) contribute to smarter lives.
No.1　夯实写作高频词汇
1.persuade vt.劝说;说服;使相信(persuasive adj.有说服力的 persuasion n.说服;劝说)
佳句背诵　
He has persuaded me of its importance by providing numerous examples and evidence.
他通过提供大量的例子和证据使我相信它的重要性。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Successfully persuading David not to quit (quit) the cross-country race,I smiled with relief.
②Having butterflies in my stomach,I hesitantly knocked on the old man’s door and tried to persuade him to buy my newspaper.(心理描写)
我非常紧张,犹豫不决地敲了敲老人的门,试图说服他买我的报纸。
用法归纳
persuade sb
persuade sb使某人相信……
教考衔接　单句写作
③I managed to persuade David to participate/into participating in the competition,for he had practiced so hard for it.(人物描写;2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
我设法说服了大卫参加比赛,因为他为此训练得很努力。
2.command n.指令;命令;控制;掌握 vt.命令;控制;应得;俯瞰
佳句背诵　
She had every note at her command,playing the complex piece with ease and confidence.(动作描写)
她掌握了每一个音符,轻松而自信地表演着这首复杂的曲目。
以练促学　单句语法填空/一句多译
①After the captain fell ill,he had to take command of the ship and carry on through the storm.
②时间有限,他命令我们如期完成工作。
→Time was limited.He commanded us to finish the work as scheduled.(简单句)
→Time was limited.He commanded that we (should) finish the work as scheduled.(复合句)
用法归纳
·command sb to do sth　 命令某人做某事
command that...(should) do... 命令……(虚拟语气)
·at one’s command 听某人支配;可供某人自由使用
take command of 控制;指挥
have a good command of... 掌握……;精通……
教考衔接　单句写作
③First of all,having lived in China for sixteen years and having learnt English since I was a child,I have a good command of English and Chinese.(申请信;全国Ⅰ卷)
首先,我在中国生活了十六年并且从小就学习英语,我能够很好地掌握英文和中文。
3.combine vt.& vi.(使)结合;混合(combination n.结合;联合;组合)
佳句背诵　
They often create some unique sports activities and combine sports with entertainment perfectly.
他们经常会创造出一些独特的体育活动,使体育与娱乐完美地融合在一起。
以练促学　语块填空/单句写作
①In combination with (联合) pleasant climate and tasty food,the scenery made our visit unforgettable.
②Her strong passion is combined with a great sense of humor,making her a favorite among her peers.(人物描写)
她的浓厚的热情与出色的幽默感相结合,使她成为同龄人中的宠儿。
用法归纳
·combine...with/and...　 把……与……结合
be combined with 与……结合/联合
·in combination with 与……联合
教考衔接　语段训练
③The fresh air and warm sunshine made the whole experience delightful.It felt amazing to combine art with/and nature in such a harmonious way.(活动介绍;2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
新鲜的空气和温暖的阳光使整个体验非常愉快。以如此和谐的方式将艺术与自然结合在一起,感觉真是太棒了。
4.oppose vt.反对;抵制;阻挠(opposed adj.强烈反对;截然不同 opposite adj.对面的;相反的opposition n.反对)
佳句背诵　
Because all of my friends were opposed to my plan,I couldn’t resist sobbing sadly.(情绪描写)
因为我所有的朋友都反对我的计划,我忍不住伤心地抽泣起来。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Opposed (oppose) to developing the nature reserve,the local people prevented the construction workers from entering their villages.
②With the nation opposing wasting food,an activity has been launched to call on us students to save food.(活动介绍)
随着国家反对浪费食物,一项呼吁我们学生节约食物的活动已经启动。
用法归纳
·oppose (doing) sth　　　　 反对(做)某事
oppose sb/sb’s doing sth 反对某人做某事
·be opposed to (doing) sth 反对(做)某事
教考衔接　语段训练
③As for the grouping for the upcoming oral practice sessions,a majority of students oppose/are opposed to the idea of randomly assigning them to pairs.They prefer choosing their partners,believing that working with friends can enhance their confidence.(建议信;2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
对于即将到来的口语练习分组,大多数学生反对随机配对的观点。他们更希望自己选择搭档,认为和朋友一起练习可以提高自己的信心。
片段巩固
用persuade;command;combine;oppose完成队友之间相互合作的续写片段
写作提示:汤姆试图说服队友们结合各自的优势→杰克想一切由他支配→其他人反对他的想法
Tom tried to persuade his teammates to combine their respective strengths.However,Jack liked everything at his command.The others opposed his idea,preferring to cooperate and share responsibilities equally.
5.absence n.不存在;缺乏;缺席(absent adj.缺席;不在;心不在焉的)
佳句背诵　
She took advantage of the children’s absence to tidy their rooms.
她趁孩子们不在时收拾了他们的房间。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作/同义句转换
①My teachers and classmates helped me with the lessons after my long absence (absent) from school.
②I’m writing to apologize to you for being absent from your birthday party last weekend.(道歉信)
我写信向您道歉,因为上周末我没能参加您的生日派对。
③As my brother is absent,I would like to thank all concerned on his behalf.
→In the absence of my brother,I would like to thank all concerned on his behalf.(absence)
用法归纳
·in the absence of sb=in one’s absence 某人不在时
in the absence of sth 缺乏……;没有……
absence of mind 心不在焉
·be absent from 不参加;缺席
教考衔接　语段训练
④His usual big smile was absent today.I walked over and asked him why he wasn’t with the other children.He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.(动作描写;2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
他今天没有像往常那样灿烂的笑容。我走过去问他为什么没有和其他孩子在一起。他犹豫了一下,然后说他决定不跑了。
6.in this sense (in... sense)从这种(某种)意义上来讲
佳句背诵　
In a sense,oceans are like our beloved mother,so I advocate that we should strengthen our sense of duty to preserve our oceans from being hurt.(短文投稿;2022·全国甲卷)
从某种意义上说,海洋像我们亲爱的母亲,因此,我倡议我们应该增强我们的责任感,保护我们的海洋免受伤害。
以练促学　选词填空/句式升级
①Even if these essays make sense,they are really difficult for young children to make sense of.(make sense of/make sense)
②We should in no sense cease pursuing our dreams even if we face many difficulties.
→In no sense should we cease pursuing our dreams even if we face many difficulties.(倒装句)
用法归纳
make sense of　 弄懂……的意思;理解
make sense 有道理;有意义;讲得通
make no sense 没道理;没意义
in a sense 从某种意义上说
in no sense 决不(置于句首时要用部分倒装结构)
a sense of belonging/humour/direction/duty 归属感/幽默感/方向感/责任感
教考衔接　语段训练
③Having a poor sense of direction,Eva found it impossible to get around in such a huge building.All the different hallways and rooms were too much to think about,let alone commit to memory.(2024·浙江1月卷)
由于方向感很差,伊娃发现在如此庞大的建筑中走动是不可能的。所有不同的走廊和房间都让人难以捉摸,更不用说记住了。
7.keep in touch (with...)(与……)保持联系;了解(某课题或领域的情况)
佳句背诵　
Some of my classmates are in favour of taking phones to school because they can keep in touch with their parents.(观点态度)
我的一些同学赞成带手机上学,因为他们能与父母保持联系。
以练促学　语段训练/单句写作
①We have been/stayed/kept in touch with each other since we got in touch ten years ago.I do believe that we will never lose touch with each other.
自从十年前取得联系,我们就一直保持着联系。我真的相信我们再也不会失去联系了。
②Much to my regret,I have been out of touch with my close friend since he graduated from college.
很遗憾,自从我的好朋友大学毕业后,我就和他失去了联系。
用法归纳
stay in touch (with)　　 (与……)保持联系
be in touch (with) (与……)有联系
be out of touch (with) (与……)失去联系
以上短语表状态,可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
get in touch (with) (与……)取得联系
lose touch (with) (与……)失去联系
以上短语表动作,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
教考衔接　语段训练
③“Buy me a beer next time you are in Vienna,” he said with a warm smile.Then we parted ways with a firm handshake and a promise to keep/stay in touch.(语言+动作描写;2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
“下次你到维也纳的时候请我喝杯啤酒,”他微笑着说。然后我们紧紧握手道别,并承诺保持联系。
片段巩固
用absence;in this sense;keep in touch with完成同学们帮助莉莉学习的续写片段
写作提示:莉莉缺课→朋友们发消息分享课上学到的内容→从这个意义上说,莉莉与同学们保持了联系→没有落下功课
During Lily’s absence from school,her friends sent her messages to share what they had learned in class.In this sense,Lily kept in touch with her classmates and didn’t fall behind.
No.2　破解阅读障碍词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义/熟词生义
1.distant
A.adj.遥远的;远处的　B.adj.疏远的;冷淡的　C.adj.心不在焉的 　D.adj.久远的
①The distant sound of thunder warned us that a storm was approaching.A
②There is little doubt,however,that things will improve in the not too distant future.D
③There was a distant look in her eyes from time to time,her thoughts elsewhere.C
④Ever since the argument,Sarah has been distant towards her classmates.B
2.switch
A.vi.转变　B.vt.交换　C.n.改变　D.n.(铁路的)转辙器,道岔　E.n.开关
①Do you think she’ll notice if I switch my glass with hers B
②I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago.(2023·浙江1月卷)A
③The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.(全国Ⅰ卷)E
④Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch,but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.(2023·浙江1月卷)C
⑤By using the latest technologies,drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways,detecting faults in the rail or switches...(2022·全国乙卷)D
3.available
A.adj.(人)有空的　B.adj.可用的　C.adj.可获得的
①As part of the package,initial and follow-up training sessions are provided and accommodation is available if required.(2021·天津3月卷)C
②With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations,we make sure there is always a bike available for you.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)B
③If you are available this Sunday,you are expected to have a wonderful talk with us from 5 p.m.to 6 p.m.this Sunday.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)A
4.instant　n.瞬间;片刻　adj.速溶的;立即的
It took just an instant① for Emily to realize she had left her homework at home.She knew she needed an instant② solution,so she called her mom to bring it to school.While waiting,she quickly made herself an instant③ coffee from the cafeteria to stay awake during the long day ahead.①n.瞬间;片刻　②adj.立即的　③adj.速溶的
5.critical　adj.挑剔的,批判性的;关键的;严重的
Their company is now faced with a critical① problem and as to the solutions to it,he holds a critical② attitude,because his decision will play a critical③ role in the company’s future development.
①adj.严重的　②adj.挑剔的,批判性的 ③adj.关键的
6.secure　vt.保护;(尤指经过努力)获得,取得　adj.稳定的,可靠的
He secured① a job as a security guard in an office building to secure② the company’s properties,which to some extent guaranteed him a secure③ retirement.
①vt.(尤指经过努力)获得,取得　②vt.保护　③adj.稳定的,可靠的
7.Stephen soon integrated into our family and lived a happy life with us.vi.融入
8.You can book the grand hotel commanding the whole wonderful view of the city.vt.俯瞰
Ⅱ.构词法猜义
构词法 名词后缀-ance;名词后缀-ence
写出下列黑体词的词性和含义
1.As a result,since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.(2024·浙江1月卷)n.保险
2.Bus Rapid Transit,or busways,with dedicated lanes and special stops,have faced resistance from some residents and business owners,who worry about losing car lanes or parking.n.反对,抵制
3.Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)n.在场
4.Tracking of 150 biochemicals in food has been important in revealing the relationships between calories,sugar,fat and the occurrence of common diseases.(2022·北京卷)n.发生,出现
5.Only in this way can we create an interactive environment for our oral practice and better develop our English competence.n.能力
No.3　练透写作常用句式
句型公式:it作形式宾语
课本原句:Moreover,the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world.
此外,互联网使朋友和家人轻松保持联系成为可能,即使他们在世界的两端。
佳句背诵　While working in the farmyard,I found it very hard to work in the fields under the hot sun.(活动介绍)
在农田里干活时,我发现在烈日下干活是很艰辛的。
以练促学　单句写作
①She considers it essential for students to participate in extracurricular activities,as it helps them develop social skills and build confidence.(观点态度)
她认为学生参加课外活动是非常重要的,因为这有助于他们发展社交技能并建立自信。
②I made it clear that I was opposed to the plan because I believed it would not benefit the team in the long run.(观点态度)
我明确表示反对这个计划,因为我认为从长远来看,这对团队没有好处。
用法归纳
(1)it是形式宾语,动词不定式短语作真正的宾语,it后的形容词或名词作宾语补足语,for用于引出不定式的逻辑主语。
(2)用于该句型的动词还有think、 consider、 find、 feel等。
教考衔接　语段训练
③The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander,without making it impossible to focus (focus).This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.(2021·全国乙卷)
[点津]　make it+adj.+that从句,其中it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是that从句。
维度一　单元知识运用
1.He managed to persuade Tom to join (join) the debate team,convincing him that it would improve his speaking skills.
2.Sarah has a good command of English,which allows her to communicate easily with international students.
3.The flavors of the dish were combined with the chef’s unique sauce,creating a delicious meal.
4.The community opposed building (build) a shopping mall near the park,fearing it would disrupt the peaceful environment.
5.In the absence (absent) of the teacher,the students worked quietly on their assignments.
6.In this sense,learning a new language is like opening a door to a new world.
7.Even though they live far apart,they keep in touch through frequent phone calls and messages.
8.It took two weeks before I received a reply from the company regarding the job application.
9.Advances in technology have made it possible for people to work at home.
10.It was/is suggested (suggest) that the event should be postponed due to bad weather.
维度二　单元知识拾遗
Sarah has a 1.preference (偏爱) for a smart home.She likes 2.appliances (电器) that are 3.automatic and efficient (自动化和高效的),so that homes will be fully 4.integrated (综合的),with 5.sensors to detect leaks (传感器来检测漏水) or 6.electrical (电的) problems.7.The air conditioner (空调) will 8.automatically (自动地) adjust its 9.mode (模式) based on the room’s temperature.The 10.relevant (相关的) system will be controlled with her voice,making 11.daily routines (日常生活) easier.The 12.prospect (前景) of such a home is exciting,as it will save time and energy.
维度三　单元话题写作(图画作文——交流方式的变化)
根据提示,用本单元主题词汇或句式完成下面的写作
假定你是李华,你在网上看到某英语论坛就下面图片中的内容开展讨论活动,请阅读图片,用英语写一封回帖,参与讨论。内容包括:
1.描述图片所展示的变化;
2.分析变化产生的原因;
3.你对该变化的看法。
As the two pictures show,there have been changes in communication between people when they get together.
1.Early on (早期),people shared a lot about their life when getting together.They chatted,laughed and had fun.Nevertheless,people now just 2.can’t resist playing with cellphones (忍不住玩手机) rather than chatting happily.3.In this sense (从这种意义上说),4.it is acknowledged that (人们普遍承认;it+be+过去分词+that) the development of technology has brought about such changes.5.Hence (因此),cellphones cause 6.the absence of face-to-face communication (面对面交流的缺乏) between people.
Personally,I 7.advocate putting our phones away (提倡收起我们的手机) and caring about people around us,which is critical to our relationships.
Part Ⅰ　续写能力提升
Ⅰ.语料积累——动作细节描写:眼睛(二)
词 块 1.keep an eye on 注视着 2.with one’s eyes open 睁着眼睛 3.with one’s eyes narrowed 眯起眼睛 4.eye sb up and down 上下打量某人 5.squeeze one’s eyes shut 紧紧地闭着眼睛 6.look sb straight in the eye 直视某人的眼睛 7.turn one’s eyes to... 眼神转向…… 8.shut one’s eyes 闭上眼睛 9.one’s eyes fall on sb 目光落在某人身上 10.in the blink of an eye 眨眼间,瞬间
Ⅱ.语料运用
(Ⅰ)补全句子
1.The kids disappeared in the blink of an eye.(blink)
孩子们眨眼间就不见了。
2.Their eyes barely move,and they always have the same distant expression on their faces.It is as though they were asleep with their eyes open.(with复合结构)
他们的眼睛几乎不动,脸上表情疏远呆滞,好像在睁着眼睛睡觉。
3.With his eyes narrowed,he wondered what had happened.(with复合结构)
他眯起眼睛,想知道发生了什么事。
4.Noticing me come in,my father eyed me up and down,confused.(eye)
注意到我进来,父亲上下打量着我,迷惑不解。
5.He looked me straight in the eye and said he was innocent.(straight)
他直视着我的眼睛,说他是无辜的。
(Ⅱ)补全语段
David sat on the ground,1.squeezed his eyes shut (紧紧闭着他的眼睛;squeeze) and bit his lip,with tears rolling down his cheeks.2.I kept an eye on him (我注视着他;keep),but he turned his eyes to another direction,upset and embarrassed,3.avoiding looking me straight in the eye (避免直视我的眼睛;in the eye).I remarked with gentleness,“Keep trying and you will be rewarded with applause.” Finally,4.his eyes fell on me (他的目光落在我身上) and his eyes sparkled with delight and hope.
Part Ⅱ　高考同源研探
(2023·浙江1月卷阅读D)
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association,the number of solar panels installed (安装) has grown rapidly in the past decade,and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals.But all of that growth will take up a lot of space,and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy,few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible,so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them.Often,they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds.The result is that many communities,especially in farming regions,see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick,the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment (InSPIRE) project.“They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development,which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land.One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators (传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss,pesticide use,and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades,which has damaged the U.S.agricultural economy.Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use.Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens,businesses,schools,cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years,many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators,resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction.“These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
真题再做
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着太阳能的普及,越来越多的太阳能电池板被安装在各个社区,这不可避免地给环境,尤其是农业环境,带来消极影响。
32.What do solar developers often ignore
A.The decline in the demand for solar energy.
B.The negative impact of installing solar panels.
C.The rising labor cost of building solar farms.
D.The most recent advances in solar technology.
答案　B
解析　[细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,太阳能开发者们往往想要尽快、尽可能廉价地安装更多的太阳能电池板,所以他们不太考虑如何处理电池板下的环境。他们往往会在下面放一些碎石,而且用除草剂除草,这给土壤带来了破坏,故选B项。]
33.What does InSPIRE aim to do
A.Improve the productivity of local farms.
B.Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C.Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
D.Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
答案　C
解析　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“InSPIRE is investigating...to the land.”可知,InSPIRE 项目正在寻找一种对环境影响小的太阳能开发方式,力求做到对土地友好,故选C项。]
34.What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4
A.To conserve pollinators.
B.To restrict solar development.
C.To diversify the economy.
D.To ensure the supply of energy.
答案　A
解析　[写作目的题。根据第四段第二句可知,有超过28个州通过了与传粉昆虫栖息地保护和杀虫剂使用有关的法律,故选A项。]
35.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.Pollinators:To Leave or to Stay
B.Solar Energy:Hope for the Future
C.InSPIRE:A Leader in Agriculture
D.Solar Farms:A New Development
答案　D
解析　[标题归纳题。文章第一、二段主要指出目前存在的问题:太阳能电池板对环境尤其是农业环境的消极影响。第三段给出了解决方案:建立和经营对土地更友好的太阳能农场。第四、五段介绍了传粉昆虫友好型太阳能农场建设的积极影响。所以纵观全文,关键词应该是solar farms,故选D项。]
Step 1　理清行文脉络
Step 2　猜测障碍词汇(熟词生义/构词法)
1....the number of solar panels installed has grown rapidly in the past decade...adv.迅速地
2.But all of that growth will take up a lot of space...n.增长
3.Habitat loss,pesticide use,and climate change have caused dramatic declines...adj.急剧的
4.These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape...adj.对传粉昆虫友好的adj.有益的n.风景
5.Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use.n.保护
课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共30分)
(2026·济南市高三学习质量检测)
Robots are separated into two parts:the brain and the body.An AI brain can help run the traffic system of a city,but many robots still struggle to open a door—why is that
“Software has advanced rapidly in recent years,but hardware has not kept up.Currently,all robots rely on electricity and software to function.The robotic brain composed of software transmits information to the body or hardware through an encoder(编码器),which then performs an action,” said Dr Antonio Forte,a senior lecturer in engineering at King’s College London.
To overcome this,Forte’s team developed a circuit by integrating liquid-based circuits with an adjustable valve(阀) placed within a robot’s hardware.This valve acts like a switch in a normal circuit and engineers can send signals directly to hardware using variations in pressure from liquid inside,allowing the robot to perform complex tasks without the need for electricity or instructions from the central brain.This leads robots to function independently in challenging environments,such as low-income countries that do not have reliable access to electricity.
Independent from the software running it,the advanced hardware system carries the majority of computational load by itself.This opens up the possibility of a new generation of robots,whose bodies could operate independently of their built-in control center,with this space potentially being used instead for more complex AI-powered software,and consequently they can be more aware of their social context,which provides for a new kind of robotics in places like social care and mass production.
“Ultimately,without investment in such field robots will stay at a certain level after a period of growth.Soon,if we do not offload the computational tasks that modern-day robots take on,computing improvements will have little impact on their performance.The work is just a first step on this path,but the future holds smarter robots with smarter bodies,” Mostafa Mousa,a post-graduate researcher at King’s College London,commented.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了机器人硬件发展的滞后问题,并介绍了Forte团队开发的新型液体电路技术,使机器人能够在没有电力的情况下执行复杂任务,从而提升了自主性与适应能力,为未来更智能机器人的出现铺平了道路。
1.What is holding back the development of robots nowadays
A.Backward hardware.
B.High electricity cost.
C.Low-speed encoders.
D.Complex calculations.
答案　A
解析　[细节理解题。根据第二段的“Software has advanced rapidly in recent years,but hardware has not kept up.”可知,硬件的发展没有跟上软件的快速进步,因此是硬件的落后阻碍了机器人的发展。]
2.How does the valve function in a robot
A.It translates information.
B.It adjusts liquid pressure.
C.It sends electrical signals.
D.It powers robots’ brains.
答案　B
解析　[推理判断题。根据第三段的“This valve...engineers can send signals directly to hardware using variations in pressure from liquid inside...from the central brain.”可知,阀门可以调节液体压力,工程师根据压力变化向硬件直接发送信号,使机器人能够执行复杂任务。]
3.What sets the new generation of robots apart from others
A.Autonomy with adaptability.
B.Resistance to physical damage.
C.Understanding of users’ likes.
D.Capability to control software.
答案　A
解析　[推理判断题。根据第四段的“This opens up the possibility of a new generation of robots...mass production.”可知,新一代机器人的身体可以独立于内置的控制中心运行,而这个空间可能会被用于更复杂的人工智能软件,因此它们可以更了解自己的社会环境,这为社会护理和大规模生产等领域提供了一种新型的机器人技术。由此可推知,新一代机器人的特点是能够自主运行并适应不同的环境。]
4.What does Mousa think of the work of Forte’s team
A.Eventful. B.Uncertain.
C.Promising. D.Insignificant.
答案　C
解析　[观点态度题。根据最后一段Mousa的话,尤其是“without investment in such field...after a period of growth”“The work is just a first step on this path,but the future holds smarter robots with smarter bodies”可知,Mousa认为,如果没有对这一领域的投入,机器人将在一段时间的增长后停留在一定水平,这项工作只是这条道路上的第一步,但未来的机器人会更智能,拥有更智能的身体。由此可知,Mousa认为Forte团队的工作是很有希望的。]
(2026·新疆维吾尔自治区高三适应性检测二)
A group of bacteria has proved good at destroying the ultra tough carbon-fluorine bonds(碳氟链) that give “forever chemicals” their name.This finding boosts hopes that microbes(微生物) might someday help remove these pollutants that can be seen everywhere from the environment.
Nearly 15,000 chemicals commonly found in everyday consumer products are recognized as perfluoroalkyl and poly-fluoroalkyl substances,or PFASs(全氟和多氟烷基物质). These chemicals can enter the human body via drinking water or fertilized crops.Scientists have linked even low levels of long-lasting PFASs exposure to bad health effects including some deadly diseases.
Current methods to destroy PFASs require extreme heat or pressure,and they work safely only on filtered-out(经过滤的) waste.Researchers have long wondered whether bacteria could break down the chemicals in natural environments,providing a cheaper and more accessible approach.But carbon-fluorine bonds occur mainly in human-made materials,and PFASs have not existed long enough for bacteria to have specifically evolved the ability to digest them.The new study—though not the first to identify a microbe that destroys carbon-fluorine bonds—provides a step forward.
To identify a promising set of bacteria,the researchers screened several microbe communities living in wastewater.Four strains from the Acetobacterium genus(醋酸杆菌属) stood out.Each strain produced an enzyme(酶) that can replace certain fluorine atoms in the PFASs with hydrogen atoms.Over three weeks,most of the strains split the targeted PFASs molecules into smaller ones that could be degraded more easily via traditional chemical means.
The Acetobacterium lines target a separate group of PFASs,and the team hopes to engineer the microbes to either improve their efficiency or expand their reach—potentially to more PFASs.“The range of chemical structures in these compounds means a single lab cannot solve this problem.We’re paving the road as we go,” lead study author Yujie Men of the University of California,Riverside,says with a laugh.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于利用微生物去除“永久性化学物质”全氟和多氟烷基物质(PFASs)的新研究。 一群细菌被证明擅长破坏赋予“永久性化学物质”名称的超坚韧碳氟链,这一发现让人们有望利用微生物去除这类污染物。
5.How is the new finding different from others
A.It can be safely used on filtered-out waste.
B.It will stop chemicals from entering the human body.
C.It advanced the research into using microbes to remove chemical pollutants.
D.It firstly revealed a microbe has the potential to destroy carbon-fluorine bonds.
答案　C
解析　[细节理解题。读题。题目问“新发现与其他发现有何不同 ”。A项“它可以安全地用于经过过滤的废物”;B项“它能阻止化学物质进入人体”;C项“它推进了利用微生物去除化学污染物的研究”;D项“它首先揭示了一种微生物具有破坏碳氟链的潜力”。解题。根据第一段的“This finding boosts hopes...everywhere from the environment.”可知,这一发现让人们看到了利用微生物清除环境中的污染物的希望。再根据第三段的“The new study—though...provides a step forward.”可知,虽然这不是第一个发现破坏碳氟链的微生物的研究,但它向前迈出了一步。由此可知,这项新的研究推动了利用微生物清除化学污染物的研究。故选C。C项的“remove”“pollutants”是原词复现。]
6.What contributed most to the degradation of PFASs
A.The Acetobacterium genus.
B.The enzyme.
C.Hydrogen atoms.
D.Fluorine atoms.
答案　B
解析　[细节理解题。根据第四段的“Each strain produced an enzyme(酶)...that could be degraded more easily via traditional chemical means.”可知,每种菌株都产生一种酶,这种酶可以用氢原子取代PFASs中的某些氟原子。在三周内,大多数菌株将靶向PFASs分子分裂成更小的分子,这些分子更容易通过传统的化学手段降解。由此可知,酶在PFASs降解中起到了最关键的作用,故选B。]
7.What can be inferred about the research team from the last paragraph
A.Their research is still in an early stage.
B.Their current technology is already highly efficient.
C.They feel discouraged about the challenges they face.
D.They believe their lab can address the problem with financial support.
答案　A
解析　[推理判断题。根据最后一段的“the team hopes to engineer the microbes... potentially to more PFASs”“The range of chemical structures in these compounds means a single lab cannot solve this problem.We’re paving the road as we go”可知,研究团队希望对这些微生物进行改造,要么提高它们的效率,要么扩大它们的作用范 围——有可能扩大到更多的PFASs。这些化合物中的化学结构范围意味着单个实验室无法解决这个问题。由此可知,研究团队还面临诸多问题,该研究还处于早期阶段,故选A。]
8.What’s the best title of the text
A.The Global PFASs Crisis:An Urgent Call for Immediate Action
B.The Future of PFASs Removal:Extreme Heat or Bacterial Enzymes
C.Carbon-fluorine Bonds:A Surprising New Player in the Pollution Game
D.A Big Step Forward:Using Microbes to Break Down ‘Forever Chemicals’
答案　D
解析　[标题归纳题。文章开篇点明一群细菌擅长破坏被赋予“永久性化学物质”名称的碳氟链,有望帮助去除环境中的这类污染物;接着介绍PFASs的危害、现有处理方法的不足以及研究人员的探索方向;然后详细阐述新研究中筛选出的醋酸杆菌属菌株及其产生的酶对分解PFASs的作用;最后提到研究团队希望对微生物进行改造,且表明研究仍在探索阶段。文章整体围绕利用微生物分解PFASs这一研究展开。D项“向前迈出的一大步:利用微生物分解‘永久性化学物质’”作本文标题最佳。]
(2026·甘肃一诊暨甘肃省高三月考试卷)
From long and winding migration flights to complex songs and clever tool use,many bird behaviors are known to be transmitted(传播) socially and persist across generations.Scientists define that as animal “culture”.Now a study suggests culture might play a role in bird nest architecture,too.
Researchers analyzed more than 400 structures built by 43 different groups of White-browed Sparrow-Weavers in the Kalahari Desert in southern Africa.These birds live communally,and the entire group works together to build a nest and multiple roosts from grass.The group’s dominant female then lays eggs in the nest,which has a long,tube-like entrance.Individual birds sleep nearby in the U-shaped roosts,which have both an entrance and an exit.
The scientists found that different gatherings of birds,even those living only a few meters from one another,built very different tube structures.The biggest difference was in “how short or long the structures are,” says the study’s lead author Maria C.Tello-Ramos,a cognitive ecologist at the University of Hull in England.Tube width also varied between groups.Furthermore,each group maintained the same architectural style over time—and when outsiders joined,they adapted to this style.
To examine why the groups built differently,the team analyzed factors that can determine a nest’s size and shape for a given bird species:weather conditions,tree height,individuals’ body size and genetic relatedness.If closely related birds build similar structures,for instance,one might assume a genetic element.Yet none of these factors seemed to play a relevant role in shaping how the Kalahari sparrows built their nests,the researchers report in Science.
Tello-Ramos and her colleagues proposed that cultural transmission might be key to nest building.“In our paper,we haven’t proven that yet with experiments,but we have very good clues that that might be it,” she says.But Christina Riehl,an evolutionary biologist at Princeton University,says,“They can’t actually look at the effect of genetic differences,because they don’t have really good genetic information on all the individuals in these groups.There’s a lot left to be done,and this paper will inspire future research in a really good way.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明,文化或许也在鸟类筑巢结构中发挥作用。研究人员提出文化传播可能是筑巢的关键,但有进化生物学家认为该研究缺乏真正的个体基因信息,所以还有很多工作要做。
9.What is the text mainly about
A.The role of culture in bird nest architecture.
B.The genetic factors in bird nest construction.
C.The life habit of White-browed Sparrow-Weavers.
D.The environmental factors affecting bird nest building.
答案　A
解析　[主旨大意题。Para.1:背景引入——开篇点明动物“文化”概念,指出文化可能影响鸟类筑巢结构,引出研究主题。Paras.2&3:研究主体与发现——介绍研究对象白眉织雀的群居及筑巢习性,说明不同群体筑巢的管状结构差异大,且风格稳定。Para.4:影响因素分析——研究团队为探究筑巢差异,分析了天气状况、树高、个体体型、基因相关性等因素,发现它们似乎不是影响因素。Para.5:结论与讨论——研究人员提出文化传播可能是筑巢关键,但有进化生物学家指出因缺乏真正好的基因信息,研究还有待完善。总的来说,文章开篇提及动物“文化”,接着通过对白眉织雀筑巢的研究,探讨文化在鸟类筑巢结构中的作用。故选A。]
10.What did the scientists find about the tube structures
A.The structure had the same tube width.
B.The tube length was the biggest difference.
C.The materials of the tube structures varied.
D.Different groups of birds had the same tube structure.
答案　B
解析　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“built very different tube structures.The biggest difference was in ‘how short or long the structures are’”可知,鸟巢即管状建筑物的长度差异最大,故选B。]
11.Why did the team analyze the decisive factors
A.To identify genetic influences.
B.To create the architectural style.
C.To give reasons for different nests.
D.To explore environmental impacts.
答案　C
解析　[细节理解题。从第四段中的“To examine why the groups...for a given bird species”可知,团队分析决定性因素是为了解释鸟类建造不同鸟巢的原因,故选C。]
12.What can we infer from Christina Riehl’s statement
A.Genetic factors have been fully proved.
B.A lot of further researches are badly needed.
C.Culture plays a key role in building a bird nest.
D.The findings are enough to rule out genetic factors.
答案　B
解析　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Christina Riehl所说的“There’s a lot left to be done”可推知,还需要大量的进一步的研究,故选B。]
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
(2026·南昌市高三模拟检测)
Rock climbing has recently grown rapidly,with nearly 1,500 people trying it for the first time each day.New climbing gyms are surfacing across the country,making it easier to explore this exciting activity with so many options available.Whether you’re seeking adventure,fitness,or a new social circle,rock climbing offers a unique experience.　1　 Discover the climber within you.
How long it takes to learn rock climbing varies for climbers.Some believe climbing outdoors may take 3-5 years to see results,while some may see some improvement within a month,and begin to feel confident after six months of continued practice.It’s possible for you to become an expert in a year.　2　
Taking the first step is always the biggest challenge.Beginners are often concerned about appearing awkward at some point.　3　 Most climbers are focused on themselves and their climbing journey.Your safety is what truly matters to people.So,don’t fear looking silly.
Get your mindset in order.Start with indoor courses and don’t try to acquire rock climbing techniques overnight.Moreover,climbing is not simply a physical sport.　4　 You’d better understand the mindset behind successful climbing,such as overcoming fears and managing self-doubt.
　5　 Your gym is full of supportive members who will cheer you on and help you to succeed.It is so easy to make friends in a climbing gym with individuals sharing the same interest.You’re all here to do something to better yourselves,and that kind of positivity bonds people together like a big family.
A.There’s a lot of mental training as well.
B.You are always responsible for your own safety.
C.Watching the experts is also one of the fastest ways to learn.
D.But you’ll never know your learning timeline until you start.
E.The cool thing about climbing is that it’s more of a community.
F.However,no one is actually going to judge how skilled you are.
G.With all these benefits,it is time to stretch your body to try it.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了攀岩运动的流行趋势、学习周期、初学者心态、学习建议及攀岩的社区氛围等信息。
1.G　
解析 　[空前强调攀岩的多种益处,空后是号召性语句“Discover the climber within you.”,此处需填入鼓励尝试的过渡句以自然衔接前后文。G项“鉴于有这么多的益处,是时候活动一下你的身体去尝试一下了”承上启下,符合语境。此外G项中的“all these benefits”与前文的“seeking adventure,fitness,or a new social circle”相呼应。]
2.D　
解析 　[空前讨论学习攀岩的时间因人而异,有人认为户外攀岩可能需3-5年见成果,有人可能一个月内有进步,有人可能一年成为专家。D项“但直到你开始了才会知道你的学习时间线”承接上文对时间的探讨,同时强调开始行动的重要性,符合语境。故选D。]
3.F　
解析 　[空前提及初学者经常担心在某些点显得笨拙,后文指出大多数登山者关注的是他们自己以及他们的登山之旅。对人们来说,真正重要的是你的安全。所以,不要害怕看起来傻里傻气的。F项“然而,实际上没有人会评判你有多熟练”承接上文,又与下文逻辑连贯。故选F。]
4.A　
解析 　[空前说攀岩不是单纯的身体运动,空后提到你最好理解成功攀岩背后的思维倾向,如克服恐惧、管理自我怀疑等。A项“还有很多心理训练”承接上文,又引出下文的心理层面内容,符合语境。故选A。]
5.E　
解析 　[段落主旨句。空后提到健身房里满是愿意支持你的成员,他们会为你加油打气,助你取得成功。你们都来到这里做一些让自己变得更好的事情,而这种积极向上的态度就像一个大家庭一样把人们凝聚在一起。E项“酷的是攀岩更像是一个社区”最能概括该段内容,体现攀岩的社交属性和群体联系。]
二次精读
核心单词 A Para.3:circuit n.电路,线路;环形道路,环行　integrate v.(使)合并,成为一体　switch n.(电路的)开关,闸;(突然的)改变　Para.5:ultimately adv.最后,最终　offload v.减轻(负担),卸(包袱)
B Para.1:boost v.促进,推动,使兴旺　Para.2:fertilize v.施肥于　Para.4:strain n.系,品系,品种,类型　split v.(使)裂开,(使)撕开,(使)断裂　degrade v.(使)(物质、化学品等)分解、降解
C Para.1:persist v.维持,保持,持续存在　Para.2:dominant adj.首要的,占支配地位的,占优势的,显著的　Para.3:cognitive adj.认知的,感知的,认识的　Para.5:evolutionary adj.进化的,演变的,逐渐发展的
七选五 Para.1:surface v.露面,重新出现,显露,被披露;浮出水面　Para.3:awkward adj.笨拙的 Para.5:bond v.建立(与某人的)互信关系;使牢固结合,把……紧紧地连接到
核心短语 A Para.2:keep up齐步前进,并驾齐驱,跟上　be composed of由……组成
B Para.3:break down使分解(为),使变化(成);出故障,坏掉
熟词生义 B (1)screen(Para.4)常用义:n.屏幕,荧光屏文章义:v.审查,筛选 例句:I use my voicemail to screen my phone calls.我用语音信箱筛选打来的电话。 (2)engineer(Para.5)常用义:n.工程师,设计师　文章义:v.改变(动植物等)的基因结构 例句:These soybeans were engineered for greater yield.这些大豆的基因结构被改变以提高产量。
难句分析 A This opens up the possibility of a new generation of robots,whose bodies could operate more complex AI-powered software),and consequently they can be more aware of their social context,.(Para.4) 译文:这使新一代机器人的出现成为可能,这些机器人的身体可以独立于其内置的控制中心运行,而这个空间可能反而被用于更复杂的由人工智能驱动的软件,因此它们能够更敏锐地感知其社会环境,这为社会护理和大规模生产等领域提供了一种新型的机器人技术。(共167张PPT)
UNIT 2　LOOKING INTO THE FUTURE
选择性必修第一册
主题语境:科技发展与信息技术创新,科学精神,信息安全
词句识记 体系构建
内
容
索
引
默写检测 盘点验收
核心突破 锤炼提升
能力考查 素养达标
读写培优 教考协同
课时作业
词句识记 体系构建
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.knob n.　　 旋钮;球形把手
2.electrical adj. 电的;用电的
3.innovation n. 创新;创造
4.nanobot n. 纳米机器人
5.clone vt. 克隆;以无性繁殖技术复制
n. 克隆动物(或植物)
6.cease vi.& vt. (使)停止;终止
7.deceased adj. 已死的;亡故的
8.signpost n. 路标
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.phrase n. 短语;词组
2.appliance n. 电器;器具
3.remote adj. 远程的;偏远的
4.sensor n. 传感器;敏感元件
5.mode n. 模式;方式;风格
6.cancer n. 癌;癌症;毒瘤
7.leak vi.& vt. 漏;渗漏;透露
n. 漏洞;裂缝;透露
8.artificial adj. 人工的;人造的;假的
9.forecast vt.& n. 预测;预报
10.rural adj. 乡村的;农村的
11.career n. 职业;事业
12.prospect n. 可能性;前景
13.paragraph n. 段;段落
14.essay n. 文章
Ⅲ.多义单词
1.switch vt.转换;交换 vi.& vt.(使)改变;转变 n.开关;转换器;改变
①switch to a new subject 转换到一个新科目
②switch places 交换位置
③switch one’s attitude 改变某人的态度
④switch from digital to paper 从数字转换到纸质
⑤a light switch 灯开关
⑥a signal switch 信号转换器
⑦a switch in strategy 策略的改变
2.routine n.常规;正常顺序 adj.常规的;日常的
①a new safety routine 新的安全常规
②change the routine 改变正常顺序
③a routine check 常规检查
④routine practice 日常练习
①follow the command 遵循指令
②give a command 下命令
③take command of the situation 掌控局面
④command someone to stop 命令某人停止
⑤command the game 控制比赛
4.available adj.可获得的;可购得的;(人)有空的
①available resources 可获得的资源
②available books 可购得的书籍
③be available for help 有空提供帮助
5.structure n.结构;体系vt.系统安排;精心组织
①sentence structures 句子结构
②organizational structures 组织体系
③structure one’s study plan 系统安排某人的学习计划
④structure the event well 精心组织活动
6.advocate vt.提倡;支持;拥护 n.提倡者;支持者;拥护者
①advocate environmental protection 提倡环境保护
②advocate the new policy 支持新政策
③advocate the importance of teamwork 拥护团队合作的重要性
④a passionate advocate of sports 热衷体育的支持者
⑤a leading advocate of science and technology 科技领域的主要拥护者
Ⅳ.派生单词
3.secure adj. 安全的;安心的;可靠的;牢固的
vt. 获得;拴牢;保护
security n. 安全工作;保护措施
4.automatic adj. 自动的
automatically adv. 自动地
5.integrate vi.& vt. (使)合并;成为一体;融入群体
integrated adj. 各部分密切协调的;综合的
6.efficient adj. 效率高的;有功效的
efficiently adv. 有效地
efficiency n. 效率;效能
7.preference n. 爱好;偏爱
prefer vt. 更喜欢;宁愿
8.instant n. 瞬间;片刻
adj. 立即的;速食的;速溶的
instantly adv. 立即地,即刻地
14.potential adj. 可能的;潜在的
n. 潜力;可能性
[敲黑板]2025·全国一卷阅读理解D考查到该词。
potentially adv. 潜在地;可能地
15.wire n. 电线;金属丝(或线)
vt. 接通电源;将……连接到
wiring n. 电线线路;线路系统
16.detect vt. 发现;查明
detective n. 侦探
19.crime n. 犯罪活动;不法行为
criminal n. 罪犯;犯人
adj. 刑事的;犯罪的
bine vt.& vi. (使)结合;混合
combination n. 结合;联合;组合
21.predict vt. 预测;预言;预料
prediction n. 预测;预言
22.occupation n. 职业;占领
occupy vt. 占据;占用;使忙于(做某事)
occupied adj. 被占领的;使用中;忙于
23.oppose vt. 反对;抵制;阻挠
opposed adj. 强烈反对;截然不同
opposite adj. 对面的;相反的
opposition n. 反对
24.absence n. 不存在;缺乏;缺席
absent adj. 缺席;不在;心不在焉的
25.emphasis n. 强调;重视;重要性
emphasize vt. 强调
26.luxury n. 奢华
luxurious adj. 奢侈的
27.resist vi.& vt. 抵制;反抗;抵挡
resistance n. 抵制;反对;抗拒
resistant adj. 反抗的;抵制的
28.accurate adj. 精确的;准确的
accurately adv. 精确地;准确地
accuracy n. 精确性
29.librarian n. 图书管理员;图书馆馆长
library n. 图书馆
Ⅴ.短语词块
(一)核心短语
1.switch off/on 关/开(电灯、机器等)
2.early on 在初期;早先
3.catch fire 着火
4.in this sense (in...sense) 从这种(某种)意义上来讲
5.on the one hand...;on the other hand... 一方面……,另一方面……
6.keep in touch (with...)(与……)保持联系;了解(某课题或领域的情况)
(二)主题词块
1.smart homes 智能家居
2.keep sb secure 使某人安全
3.remote control 遥控器;遥控
4.air conditioner 空调机;空调设备
5.advanced technology 先进技术
6.automatic control 自动控制
7.daily routine 日常生活
8.monitor one’s health 监测某人的健康
9.send a warning to one’s phone 给某人的手机发送一个警告
10.driverless cars 无人驾驶汽车
11.artificial intelligence (AI) 人工智能
Ⅵ.教材佳句
1.Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes,and you will find your dinner already prepared for you.(the instant)
你一进家门,灯就会亮起,还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目(会自动播放),而且你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。
2.Nevertheless,it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.(it will take/takes/took+一段时间+before...)
然而,还需要过些年大多数新住宅才会开始使用这种新技术。
3.It could even be argued that the Amish’s quality of life is better since they live in and appreciate the natural environment rather than living in large,polluted cities.(it+be+过去分词+that)
甚至有人认为,阿米什的生活质量更高,因为他们生活在自然的环境中,怡然自得,而不是生活在污染严重的大城市里。
4.Moreover,the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world.(it作形式宾语)
此外,互联网使朋友和家人轻松保持联系成为可能,即使他们在世界的两端。
5.However,in the not-too-distant future,we will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget.(现象介绍)
然而,在不久的将来,我们将生活在智能家居中。当我们外出时,智能家居会为我们锁门;当我们忘记关掉电视时,智能家居会记得关掉。
构词法日积月累
形容词后缀-ive表示“有……性质的,有……倾向的”
直接+ive attract→attractive吸引人的;effect→effective有效的;
instruct→instructive教育性的;support→supportive支持的;
protect→protective保护的;product→productive多产的,富有成效的
去e+ive create→creative有创造力的;defense→defensive防御性的
去d/de +sive conclude→conclusive结论性的;确凿的;decide→decisive决定性的;
persuade→persuasive有说服力的
默写检测 盘点验收
Ⅰ.阅读单词
电的;用电的
创新;创造
克隆;以无性繁殖技术复制
克隆动物(或植物)
(使)停止;终止
已死的;亡故的
路标
Step One　写一写
1.electrical adj. _______________________
2.innovation n. _______________________
3.clone vt. _______________________
n. _______________________
4.cease vi.& vt. _______________________
5.deceased adj. _______________________
6.signpost n. _______________________
Ⅱ.核心单词
phrase
switch
remote
routine
command
leak
available
1.____________ n.短语;词组
2.____________ vt.转换;交换 vi.& vt.(使)改变;转变 n.开关;转换器;改变
3.____________ adj.远程的;偏远的
4.____________ n.常规;正常顺序 adj.常规的;日常的
5.____________ n.指令;命令;控制;掌握 vt.命令;控制;应得;俯瞰
6.____________ vi.& vt.漏;渗漏;透露 n.漏洞;裂缝;透露
7.____________ adj.可获得的;可购得的;(人)有空的
8.____________ n.结构;体系 vt.系统安排;精心组织
9.____________ vt.& n.预测;预报
10.____________ n.职业;事业
11.____________ n.可能性;前景
12.____________ n.段;段落
13.____________ n.文章
14.____________ vt.提倡;支持;拥护 n.提倡者;支持者;拥护者
structure
forecast
career
prospect
paragraph
essay
advocate
Ⅲ.派生单词
persuade
persuasive
persuasion
distant
distance
1.____________ vt.劝说;说服;使相信→
____________ adj.有说服力的→
____________ n.说服;劝说
2.____________ adj.遥远的;远处的;疏远的;心不在焉的→
____________ n.距离vt.拉开距离;使疏远
3.____________ adj.效率高的;有功效的→
____________ adv.有效地→
____________ n.效率;效能
4.____________ n.瞬间;片刻 adj.立即的;速食的;速溶的→
____________ adv.立即地,即刻地
5.____________ adj.不断的;重复的;不变的 n.常数;常量→
____________ adv.不断地,时常地
efficient
efficiently
efficiency
instant
instantly
constant
constantly
6.____________ adj.可能的;潜在的 n.潜力;可能性→
____________ adv.潜在地;可能地
7.____________ adj.有关的;有意义的→
____________ adj.不相关的→
____________ adv.相关地;贴切地→
____________ n.相关性
8.____________ vt.& vi.(使)结合;混合→
____________ n.结合;联合;组合
potential
potentially
relevant
irrelevant
relevantly
relevance
combine
combination
9.____________ vt.预测;预言;预料→
____________ n.预测;预言
10.____________ vt.占据;占用;使忙于(做某事)→
____________ adj.被占领的;使用中;忙于→
____________ n.职业;占领
11.____________ adj.缺席;不在;心不在焉的→
____________ n.不存在;缺乏;缺席
predict
prediction
occupy
occupied
occupation
absent
absence
12.____________ n.强调;重视;重要性→
____________ vt.强调
13.____________ adj.精确的;准确的→
____________ adv.精确地;准确地→
____________ n.精确性
emphasis
emphasize
accurate
accurately
accuracy
Ⅳ.重点短语
switch off/on
early on
catch fire
in this sense (in...sense)
keep in touch (with...)
1.________________关/开(电灯、机器等)
2.________________在初期;早先
3.________________着火
4._____________________从这种(某种)意义上来讲
5._____________________(与……)保持联系;了解(某课题或领域的情况)
6.remote control _______________
7.air conditioner _______________
8.daily routine _______________
9.artificial intelligence (AI) _______________
遥控器;遥控
空调机;空调设备
日常生活
人工智能
Ⅴ.教材佳句默写
1.Your lights will come on _____________________________________ along with your favourite music or TV programmes,and you will find your dinner already prepared for you.
你一进家门,灯就会亮起,还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目(会自动播放),而且你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。
the instant you enter the door
2.Nevertheless,_______________________________________________most new homes begin to use this new technology.
然而,还需要过些年大多数新住宅才会开始使用这种新技术。
3.Moreover,the Internet has __________________________________ ___________________________even if they are on opposite sides of the world.
此外,互联网使朋友和家人轻松保持联系成为可能,即使他们在世界的两端。
it will take some years before
made it possible for friends and family
to keep in touch easily
Ⅰ.单词拼写
essay
Step Two　练一练
1.The teacher assigned us to write an __________(文章) on how to integrate individuals’ values with the society’s needs.
2.The sports meeting won many likes from the students,for it added colour to the dull ________(常规) of campus life.
3.She started studying English,but ____________(改变;转变) to law in her second year.
routine
switched
4.Grammar information enables students to relate the ____________(结构) of a foreign language to their own.
5.As for the position,applicants will be expected to have a good c____________ of computer skills.
6.The f____________ said it would be rainy the next day.
structure
ommand
orecast
Ⅱ.用所给单词的正确形式填空
prediction
combine;distant;efficient;emphasize;occupy;predict;relevant
1.Weather ____________has never been a perfect science.
2.Schools are beginning to place ________________on using computers to teach students.
3.Her ________________is a secretary,so she is ____________with routine office tasks.
emphasis
occupation
occupied
4.It is obvious that you should have enough sleep to improve your work ____________.
5.As far as the eye could see,the road snaked away into the ____________.
6.A good manager should combine technology with management and that’s a winning ____________.
7.I understand what you are saying but I don’t understand the ____________to this discussion.
efficiency
distance
combination
relevance
Ⅲ.用所给短语的正确形式填空(其中有两个多余短语)
keep in touch with
catch fire;daily routine;early on;in this sense;keep in touch with;remote control;switch off
1.My cousin moved abroad for his studies,but we ________________each other through video calls every weekend,sharing our weekly stories.
2.________________,computers cannot replace the creative work done by teachers.
In this sense
3.Nowadays,some household appliances can be ________________by voice commands.
4.The oxygen workshop ________________and set off a chain of explosions.
5.He was injured ________________and didn’t last the match.
switched off
caught fire
early on
Ⅳ.教材佳句仿写
The instant my father came back home
1.________________________________________________, my mother told him what had happened.(动作描写;the instant)
父亲一回家,母亲就告诉他发生了什么事。
2.If you miss this chance,______________________________________.
(it will take/takes/took+一段时间+before)
如果你错过这次机会,多年之后你才可能再次得到这样的机会。
3.I have a good command of English,which ______________________
________________________. (it作形式宾语)
我精通英语,这使我更容易找到一份好工作。
it will take years before you get another one
makes it easier for
me to find a good job
Ⅴ.单元知识串记
switched
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Passage 1
Artificial intelligence can get many appliances such as air conditioners 1.____________ (switch) on in a remote place at the owner’s command.Besides,some sensors have been installed to give 2.____________ (warning) the instant they detect something abnormal
warnings
like a gas leak.Apart from these,some innovations 3.____________ (combine) with space technology can also make 4.____________ (accurately) weather forecasts and even predict potential natural disasters.5.____________ this sense,technological advances make our lives more comfortable and convenient.
combined
accurate
In
Passage 2
In a smart home,many of the things that we now do ourselves will become automatic.Hence,you would no longer have to turn 1.____________ (switch) on and off,making your home more energy-efficient.The smart home could also monitor itself to ensure that everything is working 2.____________ (secure) and send you a warning early 3.____________ if there exists something abnormal.Such smart homes may even be programmed 4.____________ (detect) your health problems and then offer you relevant advice as to what food you should eat or whether you should see a doctor.So,smart homes will 5.____________ (potential) contribute to smarter lives.
switches
securely
on
to detect
potentially
核心突破 锤炼提升
No.1 夯实写作高频词汇
No.2 破解阅读障碍词汇
No.3 练透写作常用句式
1.persuade vt.劝说;说服;使相信(persuasive adj.有说服力的 persuasion n.说服;劝说)
佳句背诵　
He has persuaded me of its importance by providing numerous examples and evidence.
他通过提供大量的例子和证据使我相信它的重要性。
No.1　夯实写作高频词汇
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Successfully persuading David not ____________(quit) the cross-country race,I smiled with relief.
②Having butterflies in my stomach,I hesitantly knocked on the old man’s door and _____________________________________________. (心理描写)
我非常紧张,犹豫不决地敲了敲老人的门,试图说服他买我的报纸。
to quit
tried to persuade him to buy my newspaper
用法归纳
persuade sb
persuade sb使某人相信……
教考衔接　单句写作
③_________________________________________________________
______________________,for he had practiced so hard for it.(人物描写;2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
我设法说服了大卫参加比赛,因为他为此训练得很努力。
I managed to persuade David to participate/into participating
in the competition
2.command n.指令;命令;控制;掌握 vt.命令;控制;应得;俯瞰
佳句背诵　
She had every note at her command,playing the complex piece with ease and confidence.(动作描写)
她掌握了每一个音符,轻松而自信地表演着这首复杂的曲目。
以练促学　单句语法填空/一句多译
①After the captain fell ill,he had to take command ____________the ship and carry on through the storm.
②时间有限,他命令我们如期完成工作。
→Time was limited.__________________________________________
as scheduled.(简单句)
→Time was limited.__________________________________________
as scheduled.(复合句)
of
He commanded us to finish the work
He commanded that we (should) finish the work
用法归纳
·command sb to do sth　 命令某人做某事
command that...(should) do... 命令……(虚拟语气)
·at one’s command 听某人支配;可供某人自由使用
take command of 控制;指挥
have a good command of... 掌握……;精通……
教考衔接　单句写作
③First of all,having lived in China for sixteen years and having learnt English since I was a child,____________________________________
_________________________________________.(申请信;全国Ⅰ卷)
首先,我在中国生活了十六年并且从小就学习英语,我能够很好地掌握英文和中文。
I have a good command of English and
Chinese
3.combine vt.& vi.(使)结合;混合(combination n.结合;联合;组合)
佳句背诵　
They often create some unique sports activities and combine sports with entertainment perfectly.
他们经常会创造出一些独特的体育活动,使体育与娱乐完美地融合在一起。
以练促学　语块填空/单句写作
①____________________________________________ (联合) pleasant climate and tasty food,the scenery made our visit unforgettable.
②Her strong passion ________________________________________ a great sense of humor,making her a favorite among her peers.(人物描写)
她的浓厚的热情与出色的幽默感相结合,使她成为同龄人中的宠儿。
In combination with
is combined with
用法归纳
·combine...with/and...　 把……与……结合
be combined with 与……结合/联合
·in combination with 与……联合
教考衔接　语段训练
③The fresh air and warm sunshine made the whole experience delightful.It felt amazing _____________________________________ in such a harmonious way.(活动介绍;2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
新鲜的空气和温暖的阳光使整个体验非常愉快。以如此和谐的方式将艺术与自然结合在一起,感觉真是太棒了。
to combine art with/and nature
4.oppose vt.反对;抵制;阻挠(opposed adj.强烈反对;截然不同 opposite adj.对面的;相反的opposition n.反对)
佳句背诵　
Because all of my friends were opposed to my plan,I couldn’t resist sobbing sadly.(情绪描写)
因为我所有的朋友都反对我的计划,我忍不住伤心地抽泣起来。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①____________ (oppose) to developing the nature reserve,the local people prevented the construction workers from entering their villages.
②________________________________________________, an activity has been launched to call on us students to save food.(活动介绍)
随着国家反对浪费食物,一项呼吁我们学生节约食物的活动已经启动。
Opposed
With the nation opposing wasting food
用法归纳
·oppose (doing) sth　　　　 反对(做)某事
oppose sb/sb’s doing sth 反对某人做某事
·be opposed to (doing) sth 反对(做)某事
教考衔接　语段训练
③As for the grouping for the upcoming oral practice sessions, ___________________________________________________________of randomly assigning them to pairs.They prefer choosing their partners,believing that working with friends can enhance their confidence.(建议信;2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
对于即将到来的口语练习分组,大多数学生反对随机配对的观点。他们更希望自己选择搭档,认为和朋友一起练习可以提高自己的信心。
a majority of students oppose/are opposed to the idea
片段巩固
用persuade;command;combine;oppose完成队友之间相互合作的续写片段
写作提示:汤姆试图说服队友们结合各自的优势→杰克想一切由他支配→其他人反对他的想法
Tom tried to persuade his teammates to combine their respective strengths.However,Jack liked everything at his command.The others opposed his idea,preferring to cooperate and share responsibilities equally.
5.absence n.不存在;缺乏;缺席(absent adj.缺席;不在;心不在焉的)
佳句背诵　
She took advantage of the children’s absence to tidy their rooms.
她趁孩子们不在时收拾了他们的房间。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作/同义句转换
①My teachers and classmates helped me with the lessons after my long __________(absent) from school.
②I’m writing to apologize to you for ____________________________
_______________________________________ last weekend.(道歉信)
我写信向您道歉,因为上周末我没能参加您的生日派对。
③As my brother is absent,I would like to thank all concerned on his behalf.
→________________________________________________, I would like to thank all concerned on his behalf.(absence)
absence
being absent from your
birthday party
In the absence of my brother
用法归纳
·in the absence of sb=in one’s absence 某人不在时
in the absence of sth 缺乏……;没有……
absence of mind 心不在焉
·be absent from 不参加;缺席
教考衔接　语段训练
④His usual big smile ________________________________________.
I walked over and asked him why he wasn’t with the other children.He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.(动作描写;2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
他今天没有像往常那样灿烂的笑容。我走过去问他为什么没有和其他孩子在一起。他犹豫了一下,然后说他决定不跑了。
was absent today
6.in this sense (in... sense)从这种(某种)意义上来讲
佳句背诵　
In a sense,oceans are like our beloved mother,so I advocate that we should strengthen our sense of duty to preserve our oceans from being hurt.(短文投稿;2022·全国甲卷)
从某种意义上说,海洋像我们亲爱的母亲,因此,我倡议我们应该增强我们的责任感,保护我们的海洋免受伤害。
以练促学　选词填空/句式升级
①Even if these essays ________________,they are really difficult for young children to ____________________.(make sense of/make sense)
②We should in no sense cease pursuing our dreams even if we face many difficulties.
→___________________________________________________ even if we face many difficulties.(倒装句)
make sense
make sense of
In no sense should we cease pursuing our dreams
用法归纳
make sense of　 弄懂……的意思;理解
make sense 有道理;有意义;讲得通
make no sense 没道理;没意义
in a sense 从某种意义上说
in no sense 决不(置于句首时要用部分倒装结构)
a sense of belonging/humour/direction/duty
归属感/幽默感/方向感/责任感
教考衔接　语段训练
③________________________________________________, Eva found it impossible to get around in such a huge building.All the different hallways and rooms were too much to think about,let alone commit to memory.(2024·浙江1月卷)
由于方向感很差,伊娃发现在如此庞大的建筑中走动是不可能的。所有不同的走廊和房间都让人难以捉摸,更不用说记住了。
Having a poor sense of direction
7.keep in touch (with...)(与……)保持联系;了解(某课题或领域的情况)
佳句背诵　
Some of my classmates are in favour of taking phones to school because they can keep in touch with their parents.(观点态度)
我的一些同学赞成带手机上学,因为他们能与父母保持联系。
以练促学　语段训练/单句写作
①We _____________________________________________each other since we ____________________ten years ago.I do believe that we will never ________________________each other.
自从十年前取得联系,我们就一直保持着联系。我真的相信我们再也不会失去联系了。
②Much to my regret,I _______________________________________
since he graduated from college.
很遗憾,自从我的好朋友大学毕业后,我就和他失去了联系。
have been/stayed/kept in touch with
got in touch
lose touch with
have been out of touch with my close friend
用法归纳
stay in touch (with)　　 (与……)保持联系
be in touch (with) (与……)有联系
be out of touch (with) (与……)失去联系
以上短语表状态,可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
get in touch (with) (与……)取得联系
lose touch (with) (与……)失去联系
以上短语表动作,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
教考衔接　语段训练
③“Buy me a beer next time you are in Vienna,” he said with a warm smile.Then we parted ways with a firm handshake and a promise to ________________________________________________. (语言+动作描写;2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
“下次你到维也纳的时候请我喝杯啤酒,”他微笑着说。然后我们紧紧握手道别,并承诺保持联系。
keep/stay in touch
片段巩固
用absence;in this sense;keep in touch with完成同学们帮助莉莉学习的续写片段
写作提示:莉莉缺课→朋友们发消息分享课上学到的内容→从这个意义上说,莉莉与同学们保持了联系→没有落下功课
During Lily’s absence from school,her friends sent her messages to share what they had learned in class.In this sense,Lily kept in touch with her classmates and didn’t fall behind.
Ⅰ.一词多义/熟词生义
A
No.2　破解阅读障碍词汇
1.distant
A.adj.遥远的;远处的　B.adj.疏远的;冷淡的　C.adj.心不在焉的　D.adj.久远的
①The distant sound of thunder warned us that a storm was approaching._____
②There is little doubt,however,that things will improve in the not too distant future._____
③There was a distant look in her eyes from time to time,her thoughts elsewhere._____
④Ever since the argument,Sarah has been distant towards her classmates._____
D
C
B
2.switch
A.vi.转变　B.vt.交换　C.n.改变　D.n.(铁路的)转辙器,道岔　E.n.开关
①Do you think she’ll notice if I switch my glass with hers _____
②I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago.(2023·浙江1月卷)_____
③The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.(全国Ⅰ卷)_____
B
A
E
④Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch,but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.(2023·浙江1月卷)_____
⑤By using the latest technologies,drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways,detecting faults in the rail or switches...(2022·全国乙卷)_____
C
D
3.available
A.adj.(人)有空的　B.adj.可用的　C.adj.可获得的
①As part of the package,initial and follow-up training sessions are provided and accommodation is available if required.(2021·天津3月卷)_____
②With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations,we make sure there is always a bike available for you.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)_____
③If you are available this Sunday,you are expected to have a wonderful talk with us from 5 p.m.to 6 p.m.this Sunday.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)_____
C
B
A
4.instant　n.瞬间;片刻　adj.速溶的;立即的
It took just an instant① for Emily to realize she had left her homework at home.She knew she needed an instant② solution,so she called her mom to bring it to school.While waiting,she quickly made herself an instant③ coffee from the cafeteria to stay awake during the long day ahead.
_______________________________________________
①n.瞬间;片刻 ②adj.立即的 ③adj.速溶的
5.critical　adj.挑剔的,批判性的;关键的;严重的
Their company is now faced with a critical① problem and as to the solutions to it,he holds a critical② attitude,because his decision will play a critical③ role in the company’s future development.
_______________________________________________
①adj.严重的 ②adj.挑剔的,批判性的 ③adj.关键的
6.secure　vt.保护;(尤指经过努力)获得,取得　adj.稳定的,可靠的
He secured① a job as a security guard in an office building to secure② the company’s properties,which to some extent guaranteed him a secure③ retirement.
______________________________________________________
7.Stephen soon integrated into our family and lived a happy life with us.___________
8.You can book the grand hotel commanding the whole wonderful view of the city.___________
①vt.(尤指经过努力)获得,取得 ②vt.保护 ③adj.稳定的,可靠的
vi.融入
vt.俯瞰
写出下列黑体词的词性和含义
1.As a result,since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.(2024·浙江1月卷)___________
2.Bus Rapid Transit,or busways,with dedicated lanes and special stops,have faced resistance from some residents and business owners,who worry about losing car lanes or parking.___________
n.保险
Ⅱ.构词法猜义
构词法 名词后缀-ance;名词后缀-ence
n.反对,抵制
3.Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)___________
4.Tracking of 150 biochemicals in food has been important in revealing the relationships between calories,sugar,fat and the occurrence of common diseases.(2022·北京卷)___________
5.Only in this way can we create an interactive environment for our oral practice and better develop our English competence.___________
n.在场
n.发生,出现
n.能力
句型公式:it作形式宾语
课本原句:Moreover,the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world.
此外,互联网使朋友和家人轻松保持联系成为可能,即使他们在世界的两端。
佳句背诵　While working in the farmyard,I found it very hard to work in the fields under the hot sun.(活动介绍)
在农田里干活时,我发现在烈日下干活是很艰辛的。
No.3　练透写作常用句式
以练促学　单句写作
①_________________________________________________________ extracurricular activities,as it helps them develop social skills and build confidence.(观点态度)
她认为学生参加课外活动是非常重要的,因为这有助于他们发展社交技能并建立自信。
②__________________________________________________ because I believed it would not benefit the team in the long run.(观点态度)
我明确表示反对这个计划,因为我认为从长远来看,这对团队没有好处。
She considers it essential for students to participate in
I made it clear that I was opposed to the plan
用法归纳
(1)it是形式宾语,动词不定式短语作真正的宾语,it后的形容词或名词作宾语补足语,for用于引出不定式的逻辑主语。
(2)用于该句型的动词还有think、 consider、 find、 feel等。
教考衔接　语段训练
③The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander,without making it impossible ____________(focus).This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.(2021·全国乙卷)
[点津]　make it+adj.+that从句,其中it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是that从句。
to focus
能力考查 素养达标
维度一　单元知识运用
1.He managed to persuade Tom ________________(join) the debate team,convincing him that it would improve his speaking skills.
2.Sarah has a good command ____________English,which allows her to communicate easily with international students.
3.The flavors of the dish were combined ____________the chef’s unique sauce,creating a delicious meal.
to join
of
with
4.The community opposed ____________(build) a shopping mall near the park,fearing it would disrupt the peaceful environment.
5.In the ____________(absent) of the teacher,the students worked quietly on their assignments.
6.____________ this sense,learning a new language is like opening a door to a new world.
7.Even though they live far apart,they keep ____________touch through frequent phone calls and messages.
building
absence
In
in
8.It took two weeks ____________I received a reply from the company regarding the job application.
9.Advances in technology have made ____________possible for people to work at home.
10.It ________________(suggest) that the event should be postponed due to bad weather.
before
it
was/is suggested
维度二　单元知识拾遗
Sarah has a 1.____________ (偏爱) for a smart home.She likes 2.____________ (电器) that are 3.______________________ (自动化和高效的),so that homes will be fully 4.______________ (综合的),with 5.____________________ (传感器来检测漏水) or 6.____________ (电的) problems.7.____________________ (空调) will 8.________________ (自动地) adjust its 9.____________ (模式) based on the room’s temperature.The 10.____________ (相关的) system will be controlled with her voice,making 11.____________________ (日常生活) easier. The 12.____________ (前景) of such a home is exciting,as it will save time and energy.
preference
appliances
automatic and efficient
integrated
sensors to detect leaks
electrical
The air conditioner
automatically
mode
relevant
daily routines
prospect
维度三　单元话题写作(图画作文——交流方式的变化)
根据提示,用本单元主题词汇或句式完成下面的写作
假定你是李华,你在网上看到某英语论坛就下面图片中的内容开展讨论活动,请阅读图片,用英语写一封回帖,参与讨论。内容包括:
1.描述图片所展示的变化;
2.分析变化产生的原因;
3.你对该变化的看法。
As the two pictures show,there have been changes in communication between people when they get together.
1.________________ (早期),people shared a lot about their life when getting together.They chatted,laughed and had fun.Nevertheless, people now just 2._______________________________ (忍不住玩手机) rather than chatting happily. 3._________________ (从这种意义上说), 4.________________________ (人们普遍承认;it+be+过去分词+that)
Early on
can’t resist playing with cellphones
In this sense
it is acknowledged that
the development of technology has brought about such changes.5.________________ (因此),cellphones cause 6.____________________________________ (面对面交流的缺乏) between people.
Personally,I 7.________________________________________ (提倡收起我们的手机) and caring about people around us,which is critical to our relationships.
Hence
the absence of face-to-face communication
advocate putting our phones away
读写培优 教考协同
Part Ⅰ　续写能力提升
Part Ⅱ　高考同源研探
Ⅰ.语料积累——动作细节描写:眼睛(二)
Part Ⅰ　续写能力提升
词 块 1.keep an eye on 注视着
2.with one’s eyes open 睁着眼睛
3.with one’s eyes narrowed 眯起眼睛
4.eye sb up and down 上下打量某人
5.squeeze one’s eyes shut 紧紧地闭着眼睛
6.look sb straight in the eye 直视某人的眼睛
7.turn one’s eyes to... 眼神转向……
8.shut one’s eyes 闭上眼睛
9.one’s eyes fall on sb 目光落在某人身上
10.in the blink of an eye 眨眼间,瞬间
Ⅱ.语料运用
(Ⅰ)补全句子
1.The kids disappeared ________________________________.(blink)
孩子们眨眼间就不见了。
2.Their eyes barely move,and they always have the same distant expression on their faces.It is as though they were asleep ____________________________.(with复合结构)
他们的眼睛几乎不动,脸上表情疏远呆滞,好像在睁着眼睛睡觉。
in the blink of an eye
with their eyes open
3.______________________________________________, he wondered what had happened.(with复合结构)
他眯起眼睛,想知道发生了什么事。
4.Noticing me come in,my father ______________________________, confused.(eye)
注意到我进来,父亲上下打量着我,迷惑不解。
5.He __________________________and said he was innocent.(straight)
他直视着我的眼睛,说他是无辜的。
With his eyes narrowed
eyed me up and down
looked me straight in the eye
(Ⅱ)补全语段
squeezed his eyes shut
David sat on the ground,1.____________________________ (紧紧闭着他的眼睛;squeeze) and bit his lip,with tears rolling down his cheeks.2.____________________ (我注视着他;keep),but he turned his eyes to another direction,upset and embarrassed,3.________________
___________________ (避免直视我的眼睛;in the eye).I remarked with gentleness,“Keep trying and you will be rewarded with applause.” Finally,4.____________________________ (他的目光落在我身上) and his eyes sparkled with delight and hope.
I kept an eye on him
avoiding looking
me straight in the eye
his eyes fell on me
(2023·浙江1月卷阅读D)
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association,the number of solar panels installed (安装) has grown rapidly in the past decade,and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals.But all of that growth will take up a lot of space,and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy,few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Part Ⅱ　高考同源研探
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible,so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them.Often,they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds.The result is that many communities,especially in farming regions,see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick,the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment (InSPIRE) project.“They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development,which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land.One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators (传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss,pesticide use,and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades,which has damaged the U.S.agricultural economy.Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use.Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens,businesses,schools,cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years,many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators,resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction.“These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
真题再做
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着太阳能的普及,越来越多的太阳能电池板被安装在各个社区,这不可避免地给环境,尤其是农业环境,带来消极影响。
32.What do solar developers often ignore
A.The decline in the demand for solar energy.
B.The negative impact of installing solar panels.
C.The rising labor cost of building solar farms.
D.The most recent advances in solar technology.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,太阳能开发者们往往想要尽快、尽可能廉价地安装更多的太阳能电池板,所以他们不太考虑如何处理电池板下的环境。他们往往会在下面放一些碎石,而且用除草剂除草,这给土壤带来了破坏,故选B项。
33.What does InSPIRE aim to do
A.Improve the productivity of local farms.
B.Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C.Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
D.Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“InSPIRE is investigating...to the land.”可知,InSPIRE 项目正在寻找一种对环境影响小的太阳能开发方式,力求做到对土地友好,故选C项。
34.What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4
A.To conserve pollinators. B.To restrict solar development.
C.To diversify the economy. D.To ensure the supply of energy.
√
解析　写作目的题。根据第四段第二句可知,有超过28个州通过了与传粉昆虫栖息地保护和杀虫剂使用有关的法律,故选A项。
35.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.Pollinators:To Leave or to Stay
B.Solar Energy:Hope for the Future
C.InSPIRE:A Leader in Agriculture
D.Solar Farms:A New Development
√
解析　标题归纳题。文章第一、二段主要指出目前存在的问题:太阳能电池板对环境尤其是农业环境的消极影响。第三段给出了解决方案:建立和经营对土地更友好的太阳能农场。第四、五段介绍了传粉昆虫友好型太阳能农场建设的积极影响。所以纵观全文,关键词应该是solar farms,故选D项。
Step 1　理清行文脉络
数量增长与空
间问题
土地影响
栖息地保护
土壤改善
Step 2　猜测障碍词汇(熟词生义/构词法)
1....the number of solar panels installed has grown rapidly in the past decade...___________
2.But all of that growth will take up a lot of space...___________
3.Habitat loss,pesticide use,and climate change have caused dramatic declines...___________
4.These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape...
__________________________________
5.Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use.___________
adv.迅速地
n.增长
adj.急剧的
adj.对传粉昆虫友好的adj.有益的n.风景
n.保护
课 时 作 业
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共30分)
(2026·济南市高三学习质量检测)
Robots are separated into two parts:the brain and the body.An AI brain can help run the traffic system of a city,but many robots still struggle to open a door—why is that
“Software has advanced rapidly in recent years,but hardware has not kept up.Currently,all robots rely on electricity and software to function. The robotic brain composed of software transmits information to the body or hardware through an encoder(编码器), which then performs an action,” said Dr Antonio Forte,a senior lecturer in engineering at King’s College London.
To overcome this,Forte’s team developed a circuit by integrating liquid-based circuits with an adjustable valve(阀) placed within a robot’s hardware.This valve acts like a switch in a normal circuit and engineers can send signals directly to hardware using variations in pressure from liquid inside,allowing the robot to perform complex tasks without the need for electricity or instructions from the central brain.This leads robots to function independently in challenging environments,such as low-income countries that do not have reliable access to electricity.
Independent from the software running it,the advanced hardware system carries the majority of computational load by itself.This opens up the possibility of a new generation of robots,whose bodies could operate independently of their built-in control center,with this space potentially being used instead for more complex AI-powered software,and consequently they can be more aware of their social context,which provides for a new kind of robotics in places like social care and mass production.
“Ultimately,without investment in such field robots will stay at a certain level after a period of growth.Soon,if we do not offload the computational tasks that modern-day robots take on,computing improvements will have little impact on their performance.The work is just a first step on this path,but the future holds smarter robots with smarter bodies,” Mostafa Mousa,a post-graduate researcher at King’s College London,commented.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了机器人硬件发展的滞后问题,并介绍了Forte团队开发的新型液体电路技术,使机器人能够在没有电力的情况下执行复杂任务,从而提升了自主性与适应能力,为未来更智能机器人的出现铺平了道路。
1.What is holding back the development of robots nowadays
A.Backward hardware. B.High electricity cost.
C.Low-speed encoders. D.Complex calculations.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Software has advanced rapidly in recent years,but hardware has not kept up.”可知,硬件的发展没有跟上软件的快速进步,因此是硬件的落后阻碍了机器人的发展。
2.How does the valve function in a robot
A.It translates information. B.It adjusts liquid pressure.
C.It sends electrical signals. D.It powers robots’ brains.
√
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段的“This valve...engineers can send signals directly to hardware using variations in pressure from liquid inside...from the central brain.”可知,阀门可以调节液体压力,工程师根据压力变化向硬件直接发送信号,使机器人能够执行复杂任务。
3.What sets the new generation of robots apart from others
A.Autonomy with adaptability. B.Resistance to physical damage.
C.Understanding of users’ likes. D.Capability to control software.
√
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段的“This opens up the possibility of a new generation of robots...mass production.”可知,新一代机器人的身体可以独立于内置的控制中心运行,而这个空间可能会被用于更复杂的人工智能软件,因此它们可以更了解自己的社会环境,这为社会护理和大规模生产等领域提供了一种新型的机器人技术。由此可推知,新一代机器人的特点是能够自主运行并适应不同的环境。
4.What does Mousa think of the work of Forte’s team
A.Eventful. B.Uncertain. C.Promising. D.Insignificant.
√
解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段Mousa的话,尤其是“without investment in such field...after a period of growth”“The work is just a first step on this path,but the future holds smarter robots with smarter bodies”可知,Mousa认为,如果没有对这一领域的投入,机器人将在一段时间的增长后停留在一定水平,这项工作只是这条道路上的第一步,但未来的机器人会更智能,拥有更智能的身体。由此可知,Mousa认为Forte团队的工作是很有希望的。
(2026·新疆维吾尔自治区高三适应性检测二)
A group of bacteria has proved good at destroying the ultra tough carbon-fluorine bonds(碳氟链) that give “forever chemicals” their name.This finding boosts hopes that microbes(微生物) might someday help remove these pollutants that can be seen everywhere from the environment.
Nearly 15,000 chemicals commonly found in everyday consumer products are recognized as perfluoroalkyl and poly-fluoroalkyl substances,or PFASs(全氟和多氟烷基物质). These chemicals can enter the human body via drinking water or fertilized crops.Scientists have linked even low levels of long-lasting PFASs exposure to bad health effects including some deadly diseases.
Current methods to destroy PFASs require extreme heat or pressure,and they work safely only on filtered-out(经过滤的) waste.Researchers have long wondered whether bacteria could break down the chemicals in natural environments,providing a cheaper and more accessible approach.But carbon-fluorine bonds occur mainly in human-made materials,and PFASs have not existed long enough for bacteria to have specifically evolved the ability to digest them.The new study—though not the first to identify a microbe that destroys carbon-fluorine bonds—provides a step forward.
To identify a promising set of bacteria,the researchers screened several microbe communities living in wastewater.Four strains from the Acetobacterium genus(醋酸杆菌属) stood out.Each strain produced an enzyme(酶) that can replace certain fluorine atoms in the PFASs with hydrogen atoms.Over three weeks,most of the strains split the targeted PFASs molecules into smaller ones that could be degraded more easily via traditional chemical means.
The Acetobacterium lines target a separate group of PFASs,and the team hopes to engineer the microbes to either improve their efficiency or expand their reach—potentially to more PFASs.“The range of chemical structures in these compounds means a single lab cannot solve this problem.We’re paving the road as we go,” lead study author Yujie Men of the University of California,Riverside,says with a laugh.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于利用微生物去除“永久性化学物质”全氟和多氟烷基物质(PFASs)的新研究。 一群细菌被证明擅长破坏赋予“永久性化学物质”名称的超坚韧碳氟链,这一发现让人们有望利用微生物去除这类污染物。
5.How is the new finding different from others
A.It can be safely used on filtered-out waste.
B.It will stop chemicals from entering the human body.
C.It advanced the research into using microbes to remove chemical pollutants.
D.It firstly revealed a microbe has the potential to destroy carbon-fluorine bonds.
√
解析　细节理解题。读题。题目问“新发现与其他发现有何不同 ”。A项“它可以安全地用于经过过滤的废物”;B项“它能阻止化学物质进入人体”;C项“它推进了利用微生物去除化学污染物的研究”;D项“它首先揭示了一种微生物具有破坏碳氟链的潜力”。解题。根据第一段的“This finding boosts hopes...everywhere from the environment.”可知,这一发现让人们看到了利用微生物清除环境中的污染物的希望。再根据第三段的“The new study—though...provides a step forward.”可知,虽然这不是第一个发现破坏碳氟链的微生物的研究,但它向前迈出了一步。由此可知,这项新的研究推动了利用微生物清除化学污染物的研究。故选C。C项的“remove”“pollutants”是原词复现。
6.What contributed most to the degradation of PFASs
A.The Acetobacterium genus. B.The enzyme.
C.Hydrogen atoms. D.Fluorine atoms.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段的“Each strain produced an enzyme(酶)...that could be degraded more easily via traditional chemical means.”可知,每种菌株都产生一种酶,这种酶可以用氢原子取代PFASs中的某些氟原子。在三周内,大多数菌株将靶向PFASs分子分裂成更小的分子,这些分子更容易通过传统的化学手段降解。由此可知,酶在PFASs降解中起到了最关键的作用,故选B。
7.What can be inferred about the research team from the last paragraph
A.Their research is still in an early stage.
B.Their current technology is already highly efficient.
C.They feel discouraged about the challenges they face.
D.They believe their lab can address the problem with financial support.
√
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“the team hopes to engineer the microbes... potentially to more PFASs”“The range of chemical structures in these compounds means a single lab cannot solve this problem.We’re paving the road as we go”可知,研究团队希望对这些微生物进行改造,要么提高它们的效率,要么扩大它们的作用范 围——有可能扩大到更多的PFASs。这些化合物中的化学结构范围意味着单个实验室无法解决这个问题。由此可知,研究团队还面临诸多问题,该研究还处于早期阶段,故选A。
8.What’s the best title of the text
A.The Global PFASs Crisis:An Urgent Call for Immediate Action
B.The Future of PFASs Removal:Extreme Heat or Bacterial Enzymes
C.Carbon-fluorine Bonds:A Surprising New Player in the Pollution Game
D.A Big Step Forward:Using Microbes to Break Down ‘Forever Chemicals’
√
解析　标题归纳题。文章开篇点明一群细菌擅长破坏被赋予“永久性化学物质”名称的碳氟链,有望帮助去除环境中的这类污染物;接着介绍PFASs的危害、现有处理方法的不足以及研究人员的探索方向;然后详细阐述新研究中筛选出的醋酸杆菌属菌株及其产生的酶对分解PFASs的作用;最后提到研究团队希望对微生物进行改造,且表明研究仍在探索阶段。文章整体围绕利用微生物分解PFASs这一研究展开。D项“向前迈出的一大步:利用微生物分解‘永久性化学物质’”作本文标题最佳。
(2026·甘肃一诊暨甘肃省高三月考试卷)
From long and winding migration flights to complex songs and clever tool use,many bird behaviors are known to be transmitted(传播) socially and persist across generations.Scientists define that as animal “culture”.Now a study suggests culture might play a role in bird nest architecture,too.
Researchers analyzed more than 400 structures built by 43 different groups of White-browed Sparrow-Weavers in the Kalahari Desert in southern Africa.These birds live communally,and the entire group works together to build a nest and multiple roosts from grass.The group’s dominant female then lays eggs in the nest,which has a long,tube-like entrance.Individual birds sleep nearby in the U-shaped roosts,which have both an entrance and an exit.
The scientists found that different gatherings of birds,even those living only a few meters from one another,built very different tube structures.The biggest difference was in “how short or long the structures are,” says the study’s lead author Maria C.Tello-Ramos,a cognitive ecologist at the University of Hull in England.Tube width also varied between groups.Furthermore,each group maintained the same architectural style over time—and when outsiders joined,they adapted to this style.
To examine why the groups built differently,the team analyzed factors that can determine a nest’s size and shape for a given bird species:weather conditions,tree height,individuals’ body size and genetic relatedness.If closely related birds build similar structures,for instance,one might assume a genetic element.Yet none of these factors seemed to play a relevant role in shaping how the Kalahari sparrows built their nests,the researchers report in Science.
Tello-Ramos and her colleagues proposed that cultural transmission might be key to nest building.“In our paper,we haven’t proven that yet with experiments,but we have very good clues that that might be it,” she says.But Christina Riehl,an evolutionary biologist at Princeton University,says,“They can’t actually look at the effect of genetic differences,because they don’t have really good genetic information on all the individuals in these groups.There’s a lot left to be done,and this paper will inspire future research in a really good way.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明,文化或许也在鸟类筑巢结构中发挥作用。研究人员提出文化传播可能是筑巢的关键,但有进化生物学家认为该研究缺乏真正的个体基因信息,所以还有很多工作要做。
9.What is the text mainly about
A.The role of culture in bird nest architecture.
B.The genetic factors in bird nest construction.
C.The life habit of White-browed Sparrow-Weavers.
D.The environmental factors affecting bird nest building.
√
解析　主旨大意题。Para.1:背景引入——开篇点明动物“文化”概念,指出文化可能影响鸟类筑巢结构,引出研究主题。Paras.2&3:研究主体与发现——介绍研究对象白眉织雀的群居及筑巢习性,说明不同群体筑巢的管状结构差异大,且风格稳定。Para.4:影响因素分析——研究团队为探究筑巢差异,分析了天气状况、树高、个体体型、基因相关性等因素,发现它们似乎不是影响因素。Para.5:结论与讨论——研究人员提出文化传播可能是筑巢关键,但有进化生物学家指出因缺乏真正好的基因信息,研究还有待完善。总的来说,文章开篇提及动物“文化”,接着通过对白眉织雀筑巢的研究,探讨文化在鸟类筑巢结构中的作用。故选A。
10.What did the scientists find about the tube structures
A.The structure had the same tube width.
B.The tube length was the biggest difference.
C.The materials of the tube structures varied.
D.Different groups of birds had the same tube structure.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“built very different tube structures.The biggest difference was in ‘how short or long the structures are’”可知,鸟巢即管状建筑物的长度差异最大,故选B。
11.Why did the team analyze the decisive factors
A.To identify genetic influences.
B.To create the architectural style.
C.To give reasons for different nests.
D.To explore environmental impacts.
√
解析　细节理解题。从第四段中的“To examine why the groups...for a given bird species”可知,团队分析决定性因素是为了解释鸟类建造不同鸟巢的原因,故选C。
12.What can we infer from Christina Riehl’s statement
A.Genetic factors have been fully proved.
B.A lot of further researches are badly needed.
C.Culture plays a key role in building a bird nest.
D.The findings are enough to rule out genetic factors.
√
解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Christina Riehl所说的“There’s a lot left to be done”可推知,还需要大量的进一步的研究,故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
(2026·南昌市高三模拟检测)
Rock climbing has recently grown rapidly,with nearly 1,500 people trying it for the first time each day.New climbing gyms are surfacing across the country,making it easier to explore this exciting activity with so many options available.Whether you’re seeking adventure,fitness,or a new social circle,rock climbing offers a unique experience.　1　 Discover the climber within you.
How long it takes to learn rock climbing varies for climbers.Some believe climbing outdoors may take 3-5 years to see results,while some may see some improvement within a month,and begin to feel confident after six months of continued practice.It’s possible for you to become an expert in a year.　2　
Taking the first step is always the biggest challenge.Beginners are often concerned about appearing awkward at some point.　3　 Most climbers are focused on themselves and their climbing journey.Your safety is what truly matters to people.So,don’t fear looking silly.
Get your mindset in order.Start with indoor courses and don’t try to acquire rock climbing techniques overnight.Moreover,climbing is not simply a physical sport.　4　 You’d better understand the mindset behind successful climbing,such as overcoming fears and managing self-doubt.
　5　 Your gym is full of supportive members who will cheer you on and help you to succeed.It is so easy to make friends in a climbing gym with individuals sharing the same interest.You’re all here to do something to better yourselves,and that kind of positivity bonds people together like a big family.
A.There’s a lot of mental training as well.
B.You are always responsible for your own safety.
C.Watching the experts is also one of the fastest ways to learn.
D.But you’ll never know your learning timeline until you start.
E.The cool thing about climbing is that it’s more of a community.
F.However,no one is actually going to judge how skilled you are.
G.With all these benefits,it is time to stretch your body to try it.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了攀岩运动的流行趋势、学习周期、初学者心态、学习建议及攀岩的社区氛围等信息。
1.G　[空前强调攀岩的多种益处,空后是号召性语句“Discover the climber within you.”,此处需填入鼓励尝试的过渡句以自然衔接前后文。G项“鉴于有这么多的益处,是时候活动一下你的身体去尝试一下了”承上启下,符合语境。此外G项中的“all these benefits”与前文的“seeking adventure,fitness,or a new social circle”相呼应。]
2.D　[空前讨论学习攀岩的时间因人而异,有人认为户外攀岩可能需3-5年见成果,有人可能一个月内有进步,有人可能一年成为专家。D项“但直到你开始了才会知道你的学习时间线”承接上文对时间的探讨,同时强调开始行动的重要性,符合语境。故选D。]
3.F　[空前提及初学者经常担心在某些点显得笨拙,后文指出大多数登山者关注的是他们自己以及他们的登山之旅。对人们来说,真正重要的是你的安全。所以,不要害怕看起来傻里傻气的。F项“然而,实际上没有人会评判你有多熟练”承接上文,又与下文逻辑连贯。故选F。]
4.A　[空前说攀岩不是单纯的身体运动,空后提到你最好理解成功攀岩背后的思维倾向,如克服恐惧、管理自我怀疑等。A项“还有很多心理训练”承接上文,又引出下文的心理层面内容,符合语境。故选A。]
5.E　[段落主旨句。空后提到健身房里满是愿意支持你的成员,他们会为你加油打气,助你取得成功。你们都来到这里做一些让自己变得更好的事情,而这种积极向上的态度就像一个大家庭一样把人们凝聚在一起。E项“酷的是攀岩更像是一个社区”最能概括该段内容,体现攀岩的社交属性和群体联系。]
二次精读
核心单词 A Para.3:circuit n.电路,线路;环形道路,环行　integrate v.(使)合并,成为一体　switch n.(电路的)开关,闸;(突然的)改变　Para.5:ultimately adv.最后,最终　offload v.减轻(负担),卸(包袱)
B Para.1:boost v.促进,推动,使兴旺　Para.2:fertilize v.施肥于　
Para.4:strain n.系,品系,品种,类型　split v.(使)裂开,(使)撕开,(使)断裂　
degrade v.(使)(物质、化学品等)分解、降解
C Para.1:persist v.维持,保持,持续存在　Para.2:dominant adj.首要的,占支配地位的,占优势的,显著的　Para.3:cognitive adj.认知的,感知的,认识的　Para.5:evolutionary adj.进化的,演变的,逐渐发展的
七选五 Para.1:surface v.露面,重新出现,显露,被披露;浮出水面　Para.3:awkward adj.笨拙的 Para.5:bond v.建立(与某人的)互信关系;使牢固结合,把……紧紧地连接到
核心短语 A Para.2:keep up齐步前进,并驾齐驱,跟上　be composed of由……组成
B Para.3:break down使分解(为),使变化(成);出故障,坏掉
熟词生义 B (1)screen(Para.4)常用义:n.屏幕,荧光屏文章义:v.审查,筛选
例句:I use my voicemail to screen my phone calls.我用语音信箱筛选打来的电话。
(2)engineer(Para.5)常用义:n.工程师,设计师　文章义:v.改变(动植物等)的基因结构
例句:These soybeans were engineered for greater yield.这些大豆的基因结构被改变以提高产量。
难句分析 A This opens up the possibility of a new generation of robots,
whose bodies could operate
more complex AI-powered software),and consequently they can be more aware of their social context,
.(Para.4)
译文:这使新一代机器人的出现成为可能,这些机器人的身体可以独立于其内置的控制中心运行,而这个空间可能反而被用于更复杂的由人工智能驱动的软件,因此它们能够更敏锐地感知其社会环境,这为社会护理和大规模生产等领域提供了一种新型的机器人技术。
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