资源简介

Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.identical adj.　　 相同的
2.interpret vt. 把……理解(解释)为
vi.& vt. 口译
3.waist n. 腰;腰部
4.fake adj. 假装的;假的;冒充的
5.trial n.& v. 审讯;审判;试验;试用
6.nonverbal adj. 不涉及言语的;非言语的
7.slump vi. 垂头弯腰地走(或坐等)
8.tick vt. 给(试卷、问题等)打钩号
vi. (钟表)发出嘀嗒声
n. 钩号
9.chin n. 下巴
10.intervene vi. 干预;介入
11.component n. 组成部分;零件
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.gesture n. 手势;资势;姿态;(表明感情或意图的)姿态;表示
vt.& vi. 做手势
2.cheek n. 面颊;脸颊
3.bow vi. 鞠躬;点头
vt. 低(头)
n. 弓;蝴蝶结
4.barrier n. 隔阂;障碍
5.incident n. 发生的事情;严重事件;冲突
6.twin adj. 双胞胎之一的;孪生之一的
n. 孪生之一;双胞胎之一
7.internal adj. 内部的;里面的
[敲黑板]internal的反义词:external adj.外部的;外来的;外在的。
8.bend vt.& vi.(bent,bent)(使) 弯曲;倾斜;偏向
n. 拐弯;弯道
9.reveal vt. 揭示;显示;露出
10.clarify vt. 使更清晰易懂;阐明;澄清
11.stare vi. 盯着看;凝视
n. 凝视
12.ceiling n. 天花板;上限
13.distract vt. 分散(注意力);使分心
14.chest n. 胸部;胸膛
15.bother vi.& vt. 费心;麻烦;因……操心
n. 麻烦;不便
16.weep vi.& vt.(wept,wept) 哭泣;流泪
17.conflict n. 矛盾;冲突
vi. 冲突;抵触
18.tone n. 语气;腔调;口吻
Ⅲ.多义单词
1.witness vt.当场看到;目击;见证n.目击者;证人
①witness the fall of a famous building 目击一座著名建筑的倒塌
②witness the growth of the school 见证学校的发展
③the witness to the accident 事故的目击者
2.pose n.故作姿态;(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势 vi.摆好姿势 vt.造成(威胁、问题等)
①strike a pose 摆个姿势
②pose for the family photo 摆姿势拍全家福
③pose a danger 造成危险
3.lower vt.把……放低;降低;减少adj.下面的;下方的;较小的
①lower your expectations 降低你的期望
②the lower half 下半部分
③the lower section 下文的部分
4.perceive vt.察觉;看待;理解
①perceive the changes in the weather 察觉到天气的变化
②perceive the situation differently 以不同的方式看待这种情况
Ⅳ.派生单词
1.interaction n. 交流;相互影响
interact vi. 相互交流;相互影响
2.vary vi. (根据情况)变化;改变
various adj. 不同的;各种各样的
variety n. 多样性;变化;种类
3.appropriate adj. 合适的;恰当的
inappropriate adj. 不合适的;不恰当的
appropriately adv. 适当地;合适地
4.approve vi. 赞成;同意
vt. 批准;通过
disapprove vi. 不赞成;不同意
vt. 不批准
approval n. 赞成;同意;批准;通过;认可
approving adj. 同意的;赞成的
disapproving adj. 不赞同的
5.demonstrate vt. 表现;表达;说明;证明
demonstration n. 显示,展示;演示,表示
6.employ vt. 使用;应用;雇用
employee n. 雇员;受雇者
employer n. 雇主;雇用者
employment n. 雇用;聘用
7.differ vi. 相异;不同于
different adj. 不同的;有差异的
difference n. 差别;差异
8.favour (NAmE-vor) vt. 较喜欢;选择;有利于
n. 帮助;恩惠;赞同
favourable adj. 赞成的;有利的
favourite adj. 最喜欢的
9.anger n. 愤怒;怒气
vt. 使生气;激怒
angry adj. 生气的;愤怒的
angrily adv. 生气地;愤怒地
10.reliable adj. 可靠的;可信赖的
rely vi. 依赖;信赖
11.slight adj. 轻微的;略微的;细小的
slightly adv. 略微;稍微
12.assess vt. 评估;评价
assessment n. 评价;评定
13.educator n. 教师;教育工作者;教育家
educate vt. 教育
educated adj. 受过教育的;有教养的
education n. 教育
14.tendency n. 趋势;倾向
tend vt.& vi. 照料;护理
vi. 倾向于;有……的趋势
15.imply vt. 意味着;暗示
implication n. 暗示,暗指
16.barely adv. 几乎不;勉强才能;刚刚
bare adj. 赤裸的;光秃秃的;空的
17.occupy vt. 占据;占用;占领
occupied adj. 使用中;忙于;被占领的
occupation n. 占领;职业
18.distinguish vi.& vt. 区分;辨别
distinguished adj. 卓越的;杰出的
19.anxiety n. 焦虑;担心;害怕
anxious adj. 忧虑的;焦虑的;渴望的
anxiously adv. 焦虑地
20.embarrassed adj. 难堪的;尴尬的
embarrass vt. 使窘迫;使尴尬
embarrassing adj. 使人难堪的;令人尴尬的
embarrassment n. 难堪;窘迫
21.ashamed adj. 羞愧;惭愧
shame n. 羞耻;羞愧;让人遗憾的事
shameful adj. 可耻的
shameless adj. 无耻的;没廉耻的
22.merely adv. 只是;仅仅;只不过
mere adj. 仅仅的,只不过的
23.inquire/enquire vi.& vt. 询问;打听
inquiry/enquiry n. 询问;调查
24.ultimately adv. 最终;最后
ultimate adj. 终极的;极限的
25.adjust vt. 调整;调节
vi.& vt. 适应;(使)习惯
adjustable adj. 可调整的;可调节的
adjustment n. 调整;调节;适应
26.react vi. (对……)起反应;回应;(对食物等)有不良反应
reaction n. 反应;副作用
Ⅴ.短语词块
(一)核心短语
1.by contrast 相比之下
2.by comparison (与……)相比较
3.make inferences 推理;推断
4.break down 消除;分解;打破
5.straighten up 直起来;整理;收拾整齐
6.call on (短暂地)访问;要求(某人讲话等);正式邀请;呼吁;号召
7.in other words 换句话说;也就是说
8.at work 有某种影响;在工作
(二)主题词块
1.vary from culture to culture 因文化的不同而不同
2.make eye contact 眼神交流
3.look into one’s eyes 注视某人的眼睛
4.shake one’s head 摇头
5.kiss sb on the cheek 亲吻某人的脸颊
6.get through difficult situations 摆脱困境
7.lean forward 向前倾斜
8.have one’s head lowered 低下头
Ⅵ.教材佳句
1.And if we are feeling down or lonely,there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.(“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义)
而且如果我们感到沮丧或孤独,没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
2.So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch,it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end.[have+名词+过去分词(短语)]
所以,如果一名学生低头看手表,这就表明他觉得无聊,只是在数着下课的时间。
3.Of course,not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.(部分否定)
当然,在课堂上不是每个抬头看的学生都在专心听讲。
4.While it is easy to perceive when students are interested,bored,or distracted,it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.(while引导让步状语从句)
尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的,但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。
5.Words are important,but the way people stand,hold their arms,and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.(动作行为)
言语固然重要,但是人们站立、双手抱臂和移动双手的方式也能为我们提供有关他们情感的信息。
构词法日积月累
名词后缀-al表示行为、状态等
去e+al approve→approval批准;认可;赞成　arrive→arrival到达;到达者;到达物 survive→survival存活;幸存　remove→removal移走;拿走;消除;开除 festive→festival节日　dispose→disposal清除;处理
y改i+al deny→denial否认　bury→burial埋葬;葬礼
Step One　写一写
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.identical adj.相同的
2.interpret vt.把……理解(解释)为
vi.& vt.口译
3.waist n.腰;腰部
4.fake adj.假装的;假的;冒充的
5.trial n.& v.审讯;审判;试验;试用
6.tick vt.给(试卷、问题等)打钩号vi.(钟表)发出嘀嗒声n.钩号
7.intervene vi.干预;介入
8.component n.组成部分;零件
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.witness vt.当场看到;目击;见证 n.目击者;证人
2.cheek n.面颊;脸颊
3.bow vi.鞠躬;点头 vt.低(头) n.弓;蝴蝶结
4.barrier n.隔阂;障碍
5.pose n.故作姿态;(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势 vi.摆好姿势 vt.造成(威胁、问题等)
6.bend vt.& vi.(bent,bent)(使)弯曲;倾斜;偏向n.拐弯;弯道
7.clarify vt.使更清晰易懂;阐明;澄清
8.lower vt.把……放低;降低;减少 adj.下面的;下方的;较小的
9.stare vi.盯着看;凝视 n.凝视
10.perceive vt.察觉;看待;理解
11.chest n.胸部;胸膛
12.bother vi.& vt.费心;麻烦;因……操心n.麻烦;不便
13.weep vi.& vt.(wept,wept)哭泣;流泪
14.conflict n.矛盾;冲突 vi.冲突;抵触
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.interact vi.相互交流;相互影响→interaction n.交流;相互影响
2.vary vi.(根据情况)变化;改变→various adj.不同的;各种各样的→variety n.多样性;变化;种类
3.appropriate adj.合适的;恰当的→inappropriate adj.不合适的;不恰当的→
appropriately adv.适当地;合适地
4.approve vi.赞成;同意 vt.批准;通过→
disapprove vi.不赞成;不同意vt.不批准→
approval n.赞成;同意;批准;通过;认可→
approving adj.同意的;赞成的→
disapproving adj.不赞同的
5.differ vi.相异;不同于→different adj.不同的;有差异的→difference n.差别;差异
6.anger n.愤怒;怒气 vt.使生气;激怒→angry adj.生气的;愤怒的→angrily adv.生气地;愤怒地
7.rely vi.依赖;信赖→reliable adj.可靠的;可信赖的
8.imply vt.意味着;暗示→implication n.暗示,暗指
9.occupy vt.占据;占用;占领→occupied adj.使用中;忙于;被占领的→occupation n.占领;职业
10.distinguish vi.& vt.区分;辨别→
distinguished adj.卓越的;杰出的
11.anxious adj.忧虑的;焦虑的;渴望的→
anxiously adv.焦虑地→anxiety n.焦虑;担心;害怕
12.embarrass vt.使窘迫;使尴尬→embarrassed adj.难堪的;尴尬的→embarrassing adj.使人难堪的;令人尴尬的→embarrassment n.难堪;窘迫
13.shame n.羞耻;羞愧;让人遗憾的事→
ashamed adj.羞愧;惭愧→shameful adj.可耻的→shameless adj.无耻的;没廉耻的
14.adjust vt.调整;调节 vi.& vt.适应;(使)习惯→adjustable adj.可调整的;可调节的→adjustment n.调整;调节;适应
15.react vi.(对……)起反应;回应;(对食物等)有不良反应→reaction n.反应;副作用
Ⅳ.重点短语
1.break down消除;分解;打破
2.call on (短暂地)访问;要求(某人讲话等);正式邀请;呼吁;号召
3.in other words换句话说;也就是说
4.make inferences推理;推断
5.straighten up 直起来;整理;收拾整齐
6.at work 有某种影响;在工作
7.by comparison (与……)相比较
8.by contrast 相比之下
Ⅴ.教材佳句默写
1.And if we are feeling down or lonely,there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
而且如果我们感到沮丧或孤独,没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
2.So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch,it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end.
所以,如果一名学生低头看手表,这就表明他觉得无聊,只是在数着下课的时间。
3.Of course,not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.
当然,在课堂上不是每个抬头看的学生都在专心听讲。
Step Two　练一练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Having clarified (阐明) his opinion on the incident,Mr Smith sat down and listened to others’.
2.I woke up to the fact that I had to overcome the language barrier (障碍) when going abroad.
3.Having won the gold medal,he perceived (看待) himself to be the happiest guy in the world.
4.Tom bent (弯腰) down,picked up a rock and threw it into the lake.
5.All the members present at the meeting posed (摆姿势) for a group photograph.
6.The tears rolled down the old man’s cheeks because he was so moved.
7.Chuck sat quietly for hours staring into the distance,thinking of what might have been.
8.The past ten years has witnessed a boom in the economy in my hometown,as a result of which people here are enjoying a far better life than before.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的正确形式填空
anxious;ashamed;embarrass;react;rely;vary
1.For lots of people,the natural reaction is to get angry when they are cheated by others.
2.She felt a deep sense of shame when she realized she had been caught lying.
3.By learning English,we can broaden our horizons and increase our knowledge in various fields.
4.I have been convinced that the print media are more accurate and more reliable than television.
5.There’s tension and anxiety in the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust.
6.He was so embarrassed—his face went brick-red.
Ⅲ.用所给短语的正确形式填空(其中有两个多余短语)
make inferences;break down;call on;in other words;by comparison;straighten up;at work
1.Now he has made up his mind to launch a campaign to call on people to respect the disabled and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as they do.
2.By comparison with last year,the price of beef has increased sharply.
3.She has good handwriting and is good at writing articles.In other words,she is qualified for a secretary.
4.It was the bright smile on her face that broke down my feeling of embarrassment,so we began talking happily.
5.Helen was straightening up her bedroom when she heard her mother crying for help in the kitchen.
Ⅳ.教材佳句仿写
1.Walking exercises may be boring at times,but on a clear sunny morning nothing could be better.(建议信;“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义)
散步锻炼有时可能很乏味,但是在一个晴朗的早上,没有什么比这更好的了。
2.She had her feet hurt when climbing the mountain.(have+名词+过去分词)
爬山时,她的脚受伤了。
3.Not every student is/Every student is not really aware of the importance of the activity.(观点态度;部分否定)
并非每个学生都真正理解这项活动的重要性。
Ⅴ.单元知识串记
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Passage 1
If a person is 1.embarrassed (embarrass) and ashamed,he will lower his head,2.slightly (slight) bend his body,and stare at the ground.If a person boils with anger or anxiety,he will have a tendency to cross arms in front of his chest,with tears rolling down his 3.cheeks (cheek).A person who approves of a plan may be witnessed 4.straightening (straighten) up and nodding his head.Certainly,we can’t always make reliable inferences.Nevertheless,I still call on people 5.to reveal (reveal) body language with the purpose of breaking down the barriers in our daily communication.
Passage 2
Reading body language is not an easy task.It can be challenging because 1.interpreting (interpret) the signs that another person 2.reveals (reveal) requires considering individual differences.For example,when lying,some people avoid eye contact.By comparison,others may maintain eye contact even longer than usual.Moreover,body language 3.differs (differ) in various cultures,and it is appropriate to “do in Rome as the Romans do”.For example,the gesture for “OK” in many cultures can 4.be perceived (perceive) as “money” in Japan or “zero” in France.By contrast,5.employing (employ) such a gesture in Brazil or Germany is rude and can anger people!
No.1　夯实写作高频词汇
1.vary vi.(根据情况)变化;改变(various adj.不同的;各种各样的 variety n.多样性;变化;种类)
佳句背诵　
Varieties of activities are being held by our club,varying from Speech Contest to Poetry Recitation.(活动介绍)
我们俱乐部正在举办各种各样的活动,从演讲比赛到诗歌朗诵不等。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Different fruits vary in nutritional content,with some being rich in vitamins while others provide more fiber and minerals.
②The temperature in the desert can vary with the time of day,being extremely hot during the day and much cooler at night.(天气描写)
沙漠中的温度随一天中的时间而变化,白天非常热,晚上则凉爽得多。
用法归纳
·vary from...to...　　 在……到……之间变化;从……到……不等
vary in sth 在某方面不同
vary with... 随……而变化
·a variety of=varieties of=various 多种多样的
教考衔接　语段训练
③The art class was a delightful change from our regular classroom sessions.I chose to paint the beautiful flower garden,which is dotted with vibrant colors and various flowers.(活动介绍;2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
这次的美术课与我们常规的课堂相比是一种令人愉快的改变。我选择画美丽的花园,那里点缀着鲜艳的色彩和各式各样的花朵。
2.approve vi.赞成;同意 vt.批准;通过(approval n.赞成;同意;批准;通过;认可approving adj.同意的;赞成的 disapprove vi.不赞成;不同意vt.不批准disapproving adj.不赞同的)
佳句背诵　
I have to inform you that we don’t approve of the plan.
我不得不告诉你,我们不赞成这个计划。
以练促学　一句多译
①如果您能批准我们的提议,我们将不胜感激。
→We would be grateful if you could approve our proposal.(approve)
→We would be grateful if you could give your approval to our proposal.(approval)
用法归纳
·approve of　　　　　 赞成,同意
approve sth 批准某事
·give one’s approval to sth 某人批准某事
win one’s approval 得到某人的批准/同意
教考衔接　单句语法填空
②Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval (approve) section signed.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
3.favour (NAmE-vor) vt.较喜欢;选择;有利于 n.帮助;恩惠;赞同(favourable adj.赞成的;有利的 favourite adj.最喜欢的)
佳句背诵　
I would appreciate it if you could do me a favour and spare some time to polish my application letter and resume.(求助信)
如果您能帮我一个忙,抽出时间来润色我的求职信和简历,我将不胜感激。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①The students are in favour of extending the lunch break by ten minutes to relax more between classes.
②The slight rain during the sports day worked in her favour,as she performed better in cooler conditions.
运动会中的小雨对她有利,因为她在更凉爽的条件下表现得更好。
用法归纳
·favour sth/doing sth　　 较喜欢某事/做某事
·ask sb a favour=ask a favour of sb 请求某人帮忙
do a favour for sb=do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙
owe sb a favour 欠某人一个人情
in favour of 赞成;支持
in sb’s favour 对某人有利
教考衔接　单句写作
③It turns out that students favour the entertaining ways over the traditional ones when it comes to English learning.(短文投稿;2022·全国乙卷)
事实证明,在谈及英语学习方面,学生们更喜欢娱乐的方式而不是传统的方式。
片段巩固
用vary;approve;favour完成学生绘画创作的续写片段
写作提示:学生的作品风格迥异→希望老师能认可自己的创作→一名学生偏爱传统风格→创作一幅写实肖像→认为这样更容易打动老师
The students’ works varied greatly.Each student hoped the teacher would approve of their creation.One student,who favoured more traditional styles,chose to create a realistic portrait,believing it would be more likely to impress the teacher.
4.occupy vt.占据;占用;占领(occupied adj.使用中;忙于;被占领的 occupation n.占领;职业)
佳句背诵　
Mother is usually occupying herself preparing dinner for the whole family when I get home from school.(人物描写)
每次我放学回家的时候,母亲总是忙着在给全家人准备晚餐。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①His father’s occupation (occupy) as a chef inspired him to explore various cuisines and cooking techniques.
②During the summer break,Jenny occupied herself in learning to play the guitar,spending hours each day on practice.
暑假期间,珍妮忙于学习弹吉他,每天花几个小时练习。
用法归纳
·occupy sb/oneself with sth/(in) doing sth 忙于做某事;专心做某事
·be occupied with sth/in doing sth 忙于做某事
教考衔接　单句语法填空/句式升级
③As they were occupied(occupy) in selling popcorn,they spared no time to play around.(新高考Ⅰ卷)
→Occupying themselves in selling popcorn,they spared no time to play around.(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
→Occupied in selling popcorn,they spared no time to play around.(动词-ed形式短语作状语)
5.adjust vt.调整;调节 vi.& vt.适应;(使)习惯(adjustment n.调整;调节;适应
adjustable adj.可调整的;可调节的)
佳句背诵　
I am writing to apologize to you for my not adjusting the relevant information in time.(道歉信)
由于我没有及时调整相关的信息,我写信向您道歉。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①The school chairs are adjustable,so children can make some adjustments according to their height.(adjust)
②Knowing that you have some difficulty in adjusting (yourself) to the new school life,I’m writing to give you some tips,which I hope will be of help to you.(建议信)
知道你在适应新的学校生活方面有些困难,我写信给你一些建议,希望能对你有所帮助。
用法归纳
·adjust (oneself) to (doing)... 适应……;习惯……
adjust...to... 调整……以适应……
·make an adjustment/adjustments 作出调整
教考衔接　语段训练
③More importantly,the show is scheduled to take place at 7 pm next Monday.I’m wondering if you’re available.If not,please let me know in advance so that I can make adjustments accordingly.(邀请信;2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
更重要的是,节目定于下周一晚7点举行。我想知道您是否有空。如果没有,请提前告诉我,以便我可以相应地做出调整。
6.call on(短暂地)访问;要求(某人讲话等);正式邀请;呼吁;号召
佳句背诵　
The teacher decided to call on Sarah to share her thoughts on the importance of environmental conservation.(动作描写)
老师决定请萨拉分享她对环境保护的重要性的看法。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①The recipe calls for three cups of flour and one cup of sugar.
②The championship game was called off because of heavy fog,leaving both teams disappointed.(心理描写)
由于浓雾,冠军赛被取消了,这让两支队伍都很失望。
用法归纳
call up　　　　　 给……打电话;(使)想起
call off=cancel 取消
call for (公开)要求;需要
call in 打电话来;召来,叫来;收回
call at 拜访(地点);(火车等)停留
教考衔接　单句写作
③Giving him another smile,I asked him for a delay in payment and promised to call him up and pay him back the money I owed him.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
我又对他笑了笑,向他请求延期付款,并承诺会给他打电话,还清我所欠的钱。
7.in other words换句话说;也就是说
佳句背诵　
Setting a goal is the first step to success;in other words,if you want to succeed,you must set a goal first.(建议信)
设定目标是走向成功的第一步;换句话说,如果你想成功,你必须先设定一个目标。
以练促学　语块填空/用word短语完成下面语段
①Word came that (有消息传来说) a class meeting would be held in our school,so I’m writing to ask you to do me a favour.
②Sam broke his word about keeping Sarah’s secret,so Sarah decided to have a word with him after class to express how disappointed she was.However,their conversation quickly changed as they had words with each other right outside the classroom.In the end,realizing his mistake,Sam apologized sincerely and vowed to regain Sarah’s trust.
用法归纳
in a word　　　　　　 总之;简言之
keep one’s word 遵守诺言
break one’s word 失信;不守诺言
have a word with... 与……谈一谈
have words with sb 和某人吵架
word came that... 有消息传来说……
教考衔接　语段训练
③“May I have your phone number I will call you and return the money I owe you.I promise I will keep my word or you can keep my watch!” I added.(语言描写;2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
“可以留下你的电话号码吗 我会打电话给你,归还我欠你的钱。我保证我会信守诺言,否则你可以留着我的手表!”我补充道。
片段巩固
用occupy;adjust;in other words;call on完成准备辩论赛的续写片段
写作提示:莉莉忙于准备辩论赛→赛事要求她调整日常时间表→换句话说,她减少了平常爱好的时间→她意识到还需要提升自己的辩论技巧→决定请求身为辩论冠军的哥哥来指导自己→最终赢得比赛
Lily occupied herself preparing for the upcoming debate competition,which required her to adjust her daily schedule significantly.In other words,she spent less time on her usual hobbies and more time on the competition.Yet this was not enough,and she realized she needed to improve her debating skills.So she decided to call on her older brother,a debate champion,to coach her.Finally,her hard work paid off and she won the first prize in the competition.
No.2　破解阅读障碍词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义/熟词生义
1.bother
A.vi.费心;麻烦　B.vi.因……操心　C.vt.使烦恼 　D.n.麻烦;不便
①Lots of people don’t bother to go through a marriage ceremony these days.A
②Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Br mmelstroet are bothered by facts like these.(2025·全国一卷)C
③He never bothered about his breakfast and he’ll eat what is left over yesterday.B
④It’s no bother at all;I can help you with your homework after school.D
2.employ
A.vt.使用,利用　B.vt.雇用　C.vt.忙于
①Every day,we students are employed in doing endless schoolwork.C
②Since the tools were employed by humans,our civilization has witnessed a rapid development.A
③The boss decided to employ Tom as her secretary because of his outstanding performance.B
3.break down
A.(谈判)失败　B.消除　C.(机器等)出故障 D.(身体)垮掉　E.分解
①The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.A
②If Tom carries on working like this,he will break down sooner or later.D
③I was halfway across Indiana and headed home to Kentucky when my car broke down.(2024·九省联考)C
④If you want to break down the misunderstanding,you should apologise to her face to face.B
⑤You should break down your tasks in an appropriate way so that you can finish them on time.E
4.anxiety　n.焦虑,紧张;渴望
Her anxiety① for success drove her to study hard,but the upcoming exam filled her with anxiety② and nervousness.①n.渴望　②n.焦虑,紧张
5.pose　vt.造成,引起,产生;提出(问题)　n.姿势
She is not the only expert to issue a warning about the threat posed① by solar storms.To raise people’s awareness in a creative way,she struck a dramatic pose②,mimicking the effects of a solar storm,and had her assistant take a picture.At the meeting,however,many people posed③ questions about the meaning and relevance of her picture,wondering why she chose such a pose② for her awareness campaign.①vt.造成,引起,产生　②n.姿势　③vt.提出(问题)
6.Then we realized that the spray had only angered him even more.vt.使发怒
7.We sat down next to each other,but David wouldn’t look at me.He lowered his head.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)vt.把……放低
8.Southbank,at an eastern bend in the Thames,is the center of British skateboarding,where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.(2021·全国甲卷)n.弯曲处
Ⅱ.构词法猜义
构词法 名词后缀-ness表示“状态,程度,性质”等
写出下列黑体词的词性和含义
1.Typically,cruelty and cheating are discouraged,while cooperation,humbleness and courage are praised.(2024·北京卷)n.谦卑
2.It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media,but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain.
(2022·全国乙卷)n.联系
3.The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected,bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)n.有效性
4.If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party,the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment (赞扬).He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most.(2021·全国乙卷)n.尴尬
5.The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting...taking into account such things as rainfall,air temperature,dampness of soil,and the timing of snowmelt (融雪).(浙江6月卷)n.潮湿
No.3　练透写作常用句式
句型公式:部分否定
课本原句:Of course,not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.
当然,在课堂上不是每个抬头看的学生都在专心听讲。
佳句背诵　
Our English teacher is excellent,but she can’t help everyone in the class in 50 minutes.(人物介绍)
我们的英语老师很出色,但是她不可能在50分钟内帮助班里的每一位同学。
以练促学　一句多译/单句写作
①最近的一项调查显示,我校并非所有学生都在业余时间进行体育锻炼。
→A recent survey shows that not all the students in our school take physical exercise in their spare time.
→A recent survey shows that all the students in our school don’t take physical exercise in their spare time.
②Tom asks Jack and Peter to go on a picnic with him,but neither of them wants to,because they have work to do.
汤姆请杰克和彼得和他一起去野餐,但他们都不想去,因为他们有工作要做。
用法归纳
(1)部分否定:当all、both、each、every、everybody、everyone、everything、always、whole、entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定副词not连用时,便构成了部分否定结构,意为“不是……都;并非……都”。
(2)全部否定:当neither、no one、no、none、never、nothing、no more、no longer、no way、not...any等表示否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用时,构成全部否定结构。
教考衔接　单句写作
③According to the above graph,it can be seen that not all of the students/all of the students don’t adopt the same approach to learning English.(短文投稿;2022·全国乙卷)
通过以上图表,可以看出并非所有学生都采用同一种方式学英语。
维度一　单元知识运用
1.The activities in our summer camp vary from swimming and hiking to arts and crafts workshops.
2.When she solved the difficult math problem,she looked up to see her teacher’s approving (approve) eyes.
3.She did a favour for her neighbour by watering the plants while they were on vacation.
4.She was occupied (occupy) in organizing the charity event,dedicating all her free time to planning.
5.After receiving feedback,she made an adjustment (adjust) to her presentation to better engage her audience.
6.He finished all the tasks ahead of schedule;in other words,he was free for the weekend.
7.She decided to call on her friend to discuss (discuss) the group project over the weekend.
8.No other student is more committed (committed) to environmental causes than Lisa.
9.They had their project completed (complete) two days before the deadline,which was a relief.
10.Not all students enjoy playing sports,but many find them beneficial for staying active.
维度二　单元知识拾遗
During a group meeting,John observed his classmates’ body language.Lucy 1.slightly bowed (轻微低下) her head when speaking,2.implying (暗示) that she was nervous.3.By contrast (相比之下),another student 4.straightened up (坐直) confidently and 5.gestured (打手势) with her hands,6.revealing (显示) her calmness.John 7.made inferences (推断) based on these 8.nonverbal (非语言的) cues and 9.assessed (评估) their 10.anxiety (焦虑) or confidence.It became clear that body language can 11.break down barriers (消除障碍) and help people understand each other’s feelings without words.
维度三　单元话题写作(短文投稿——肢体语言)
根据提示,用本单元主题词汇或句式完成下面的写作
假定你是李华,你们学校举行了一场关于“Body language”的讨论,请你写一篇英语报道向校报投稿,内容包括:
1.学生的观点;2.肢体语言的文化差异;3.你的建议。
Last week 1.witnessed (见证) a heated discussion about the influence of body language in cross-culture communication.
The majority of students were 2.in favor of (赞成) the idea that body language 3.varies from person to person (因人而异).For example,nodding 4.implies disagreement (意味着不同意) in some countries;5.by contrast (相比之下),it means 6.approval (认可) in some others.But 7.not all body language has opposite meanings (并不是所有的肢体语言都有相反的含义;部分否定),thus 8.posing understanding problems (造成理解问题) in communication.For instance,smile is a universally acknowledged form of body language that can 9.break down many language barriers (打破多种语言障碍).
In my opinion,to promote cross-culture communication,we should 10.appropriately (适当地) make use of body language and 11.make some necessary adjustments (作出一些必要的调整) when needed.
Part Ⅰ　续写能力提升
Ⅰ.语料积累——动作细节描写:动“手”
词 块 1.give sb a nudge 推了某人一下 2.cover one’s head with one’s hands 抱着头 3.reach down 向下伸手 4.stick one’s hand into 把手伸进 5.tear open 撕开 6.spread one’s hands 摊开双手 7.hold out one’s hand 伸出手 8.take one’s hand 牵某人的手 9.grasp/hold one’s hand 抓住某人的手 10.pat/tap sb on the shoulder/head 拍拍某人的肩膀/头 11.slide one’s hand into 把手伸进 12.wave goodbye to sb 向某人挥手告别 13.put up/raise one’s hand 举手 14.shake hands with 与……握手 15.cup...in one’s hands 将……捧在手心 16.open one’s hands 张开双手 17.hand in hand 手拉手
Ⅱ.语料运用
(Ⅰ)补全句子
1.I was organising my words in my head when the girl next to me gave me a nudge.(nudge)
我正在整理我的头绪,这时我旁边的女孩推了我一下。
2.Doubtfully,Bob unfolded the note,his hands shaking by the time he had finished reading.(独立主格)
鲍勃疑惑地展开纸条。他看完纸条时,双手颤抖。
3.She signaled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands.(分词短语作定语)
她示意学生们抱着头、排好队,有序离开教室。
4.I reached down,expecting rice and vegetables,but instead stuck my hand into a bowl of warm,thick soup.(动作链)
我伸手下去,以为会碰到米饭和蔬菜,结果手却伸进了一碗温热的浓汤里。
5.He tore open the creamy envelope that had been enclosed in the letter.(tear)
他撕开了随信寄来的米黄色信封。
(Ⅱ)补全语段
Anna saw her little brother crying on the playground.She walked over and 1.spread her hands in concern (担心地摊开她的双手;spread),wondering what had happened.Gently,2.she patted him on the shoulder (她拍了拍他的肩膀;pat) and held out her hand,offering comfort.Her brother hesitated,then slowly 3.took her hand (牵住了她的手;take),his tears still rolling down his cheeks.With a soft smile,Anna led him to a bench,where they 4.sat hand in hand (手拉手坐下;sit).After a few moments,she cupped his face in her hands and whispered kind words,helping him calm down.As the bell rang,they stood up,and Anna 5.waved goodbye to her brother (向弟弟挥手告别;wave),promising to see him after school.
Part Ⅱ　高考同源研探
(2024·全国甲卷阅读B)
Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.For instance,almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help,scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter.But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills.They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you’re able to interpret it.If a pet cat is hungry,it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food.However,when a cat is looking for affection,they tend to produce stretched and soft meows.Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses,but their sense of smell is quite impressive.They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger.They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax.However,another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells.Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future.That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats,which they don’t usually like.
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit,but cats take this behavior up a notch.Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners.This is a very old habit that’s been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物).Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you.These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it’s been in their nature since the beginning of time.So just go along with it!
真题再做
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫的生活习性,它们通过叫声、嗅觉和行为来表达情感和需求。
24.What can be learned about cats’ meowing from the first paragraph
A.It’s a survival skill.
B.It’s taught by mother cats.
C.It’s hard to interpret.
D.It’s getting louder with age.
答案　A
解析　[细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,猫通过不同的叫声来表达自己的需求,如觅食、表达情感需求或吸引母亲注意力等,表明猫的叫声是一种生存技能,故选A项。]
25.How does a pet cat assess different situations
A.By listening for sounds.
B.By touching familiar objects.
C.By checking on smells.
D.By communicating with other cats.
答案　C
解析　[细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,猫通过嗅觉来评估环境并寻找危险的迹象,它们会在选择放松的地方之前嗅闻特定区域。因此,猫是通过嗅觉来评估不同的情况的,故选C项。]
26.Which best explains the phrase “take...up a notch” in paragraph 3
A.Perform appropriately.
B.Move faster.
C.Act strangely.
D.Do better.
答案　D
解析　[词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit,but cats take this behavior up a notch.”以及接下来的描述可知,猫通过找到物品并带回给主人来表示爱意,这种行为比狗的取物行为要更上一层楼,即做得更好,故选D项。]
27.What is a suitable title for the text
A.Tips on Finding a Smart Cat
B.Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior
C.Have Fun with Your Cat
D.How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
答案　B
解析　[标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了猫的叫声、嗅觉和行为及其背后的原因,能够帮助读者更好地理解猫的习性,因此最合适的标题是“理解你的猫的行为”,故选B项。]
Step 1　理清行文脉络
Step 2　猜测障碍词汇(熟词生义/构词法)
1.Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory...adv.可能
2.Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit,but cats take this behavior up a notch.adj.令人印象深刻的n.行为
3.However,when a cat is looking for affection,they tend to produce stretched and soft meows.n.喜爱
4.These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it’s been in their nature since the beginning of time.adj.令人喜爱的,可爱的
课时作业
Ⅰ.应用文写作(满分15分)
(2026·郑州市高中毕业年级第二次质量预测)
你校英语报正在举办以“AI in Our Study and Daily Life”为主题的征文活动,请用英语写一篇短文投稿,介绍AI对学习和生活的帮助,要点如下:
1.学习方面;2.生活方面;3.对AI的期待。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
AI in Our Study and Daily Life
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【参考范文】
AI in Our Study and Daily Life
With the development of science and technology,AI has been significantly (显著地,明显地) influencing our study and daily life.
In terms of study,AI is an intelligent (有才智的) tutor,which can swiftly provide answers to complex academic questions,making learning more efficient.For language learning,it can correct our pronunciation and grammar mistakes,enhancing our language skills.In our daily life,AI is equally beneficial (有利的).It can provide useful tips like cooking methods,proper time management and so on.
I hope AI will become more user-friendly and bring more innovations (新事物,新方法) to make our routines easier and better.
Ⅱ.读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2026·豫西北教研联盟高三第二次质量检测)
My wife Lila and I were in the middle of a heated discussion.Our 19-year-old son Andy,who was blind,wanted to attend college far across the country.Lila was extremely worried.“But how will he manage on his own He’s blind!” she exclaimed.I understood her concerns,but I believed Andy was clever,ambitious,and confident.I said,“He’s nineteen.He wants to try things independently.We’ve done all we can for him.It’s time to let him go.”
Then,I brought up the story of Gertie.In the third year of our marriage,before our children were born,a pair of geese arrived at the small lake on our farm with a flock of Canada geese in late April.After the flock left,the two geese stayed.We were excited when they started nesting in the southeastern corner of the lake.
However,it was about three weeks later that disaster struck.One evening,as I was taking a rest on the platform,weary from a long day on the farm,and Lila was working in the garden beside the house,we heard loud honks and wing-beating sounds from the lake.By the time I caught up with Lila at the nest,the male goose was dead,its neck broken.Lila found the female goose,badly injured with a broken wing,a bleeding leg,and a missing eye.I suggested putting it down and said,“It’ll never make it.Only one eye.A broken wing.An injured leg.And if it does live,it will die of sorrow.They say that geese mate for life.”
But Lila was determined to save it.And she proved me wrong.She drove the goose to the vet(兽医) that night.
Lila fixed a bed for her by the lake and for several days,Gertie,as she named her,barely moved.It was many days before she started eating again.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
　　Gertie survived but was severely disabled.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　The next spring,to our surprise,Gertie came back.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【参考范文】
Gertie survived but was severely disabled.Her broken wing dragged behind her,and her injured leg left a faint trail of mud on the shore.Yet,with persistent efforts,she taught herself to swim with one good wing,her single eye scanning the water for fish.Other geese initially shunned her,but gradually,they showed mutual understanding,pushing their food toward her with their beaks.Lila,watching from the porch,wiped tears welling up(涌起) in her eyes.“If a goose can muster(找寻,聚集) the courage to face obstacles,” she murmured,“why can’t we let Andy spread his wings ”
The next spring,to our surprise,Gertie came back.Accompanying her was a strong male goose,standing out from the crowd with his snowy feathers.They nested near the spot where Lila had fixed the bed for her by the lake,and as they combed each other’s feathers,Lila’s heart swelled with(充满) warmth.“She found her way,” she whispered,her voice trembling.That day,Gertie’s mate cast an admiring glance at her scarred body,proving resilience outshines(胜过) perfection.We realized love isn’t about sheltering those we cherish—it’s about trusting them to navigate life’s storms,even with wings that once seemed broken!
Ⅲ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
(2026·南京市、盐城市高三二模)
Imagine an artificial intelligence model that can watch and understand moving images like you and me.Now,scientists have made this a reality by creating MovieNet:an innovative AI model that processes videos much like how our brains interpret real-life scenes.
This brain-inspired AI model can perceive moving scenes by simulating how neurons (神经元) make real-time sense of the world.While conventional AI excels at still image recognition,MovieNet is designed to understand complex,dynamic scenes,allowing it to recognize small changes over time.
To create MovieNet,Hollis Cline,senior author of the study,examined how animals’ brains process real-world scenes.Specifically,she studied how tadpoles’ (蝌蚪的) neurons respond to moving stimuli.Tadpoles’ neurons process these visual inputs like solving puzzle pieces:each piece alone may not make sense,but together they form a complete image in motion.Different neurons process various “puzzle pieces” of a real-life moving image,which the brain then combines to form a continuous scene.
Using this understanding,the researchers trained MovieNet to process video clips by identifying small visual signals,allowing it to distinguish between small changes in scenes.In testing,MovieNet achieved 82.3% accuracy,outperforming trained human observers by about 18% and doing much better than existing AI models.
Beyond its higher accuracy,MovieNet is more environment-friendly.Conventional AI requires vast amounts of data and energy,but MovieNet compresses (压缩) data like a zipped file,reducing environmental impact.“We’ve also made AI far less demanding,” says Cline.MovieNet could also transform medicine.It might help detect early signs of diseases by tracking small movement changes that are difficult for human eyes to detect.
Looking ahead,the team plans to improve MovieNet’s ability to adapt to different environments and enhance its potential applications.“By designing models that think like living organisms (有机体),we can achieve efficiency levels that aren’t possible with traditional AI,” says Cline.“Biology is a gold mine.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。科学家研发出新型人工智能模型MovieNet,它通过模拟神经元如何实时感知世界来理解动态场景。研究人员借研究蝌蚪神经元训练该模型通过识别微小的视觉信号来处理视频片段。测试中,MovieNet准确率高,远超人类观察者和现有的人工智能模型,此外,MovieNet更环保,未来有望在更多领域应用。
1.What does the underlined word “simulating” mean in paragraph 2
A.Copying. B.Inspiring.
C.Demonstrating. D.Recognizing.
答案　A
解析　[词义猜测题。根据第一段的“MovieNet:an innovative AI model that processes videos much like how our brains interpret real-life scenes”可知,MovieNet是一款新型人工智能模型,其处理视频的方式与人类大脑解读现实生活场景的方式极为相似。再结合画线词所在句可推知,MovieNet这一人工智能模型受大脑启发而研发,它通过模拟大脑中的神经元如何实时感知世界来理解动态场景,故画线词的含义与A项“模仿,仿效”的意思最为接近。]
2.MovieNet is trained 　　　　.
A.to integrate dynamic images
B.to increase visual inputs
C.to feed on information pieces
D.to look into tadpoles’ neurons
答案　A
解析　[推理判断题。第三段讲为了创造MovieNet,研究人员研究了动物大脑是如何处理现实世界场景的。再根据第四段首句可知,基于对蝌蚪大脑处理现实世界场景的方式的理解,研究人员训练MovieNet通过识别微小的视觉信号来处理视频片段,使其能够区分场景中的细微变化。由此可知,研究人员训练MovieNet整合动态图像,故选A。选项中的integrate对应文中的process,dynamic images 对应文中的video clips。B项“增加视觉输入”;C项“以信息碎片为食”;D项“研究蝌蚪的神经元”。]
3.According to paragraph 5,what is an advantage of MovieNet
A.Its powerful data storage.
B.Its low energy consumption.
C.Its control of medical diseases.
D.Its improvement on drug effects.
答案　B
解析　[细节理解题。根据第五段的“MovieNet is more environment-friendly...reducing environmental impact”可知,MovieNet更加环保,相对于传统的人工智能需要大量的数据和能源而言,它能像压缩文件一样压缩数据,从而减少对环境的影响,即能源消耗低,故选B。A项“它强大的数据存储能力”;C项“它对医学疾病的控制”;D项“它对药物效果的改善”。]
4.What can be concluded from Cline’s words in the last paragraph
A.Biology brings us financial profits.
B.Living organisms can outperform AI.
C.AI can assist in biological development.
D.Drawing inspiration from biology is promising.
答案　D
解析　[推理判断题。最后一段Cline说,通过设计像生物体一样思考的模型,人们能够达到传统人工智能无法实现的效率水平,生物学是一座金矿。这表明从生物学中获取灵感来设计人工智能模型是很有前景的,故选D。A项“生物学给我们带来经济利益”;B项“生物体可以胜过人工智能”;C项“人工智能可以辅助生物学发展”。]
二次精读
核心单词 Para.1:innovative adj.革新的,创新的　interpret v.诠释,说明;把……理解为,领会 Para.2:perceive v.(以某种方式)看待,理解;察觉,注意到,发觉　real-time adj.(计算机系统)即时处理的,实时的　conventional adj.传统的,常规的　dynamic adj.动态的,发展变化的 Para.4:clip n.(电影、电视节目等的)片段　identify v.确认,认出,鉴定;找到,发现　outperform v.做得比……好,胜过
核心短语 Para.2:excel at擅长　Para.3:make sense有意义,表述清晰,易于理解;解释得通,有道理;是明智的,是合乎情理的　in motion运动中的　Para.6:look ahead向前看,展望未来(共151张PPT)
UNIT 4　BODY LANGUAGE
选择性必修第一册
主题语境:跨文化沟通、包容与合作
词句识记 体系构建
内
容
索
引
默写检测 盘点验收
核心突破 锤炼提升
能力考查 素养达标
读写培优 教考协同
课时作业
词句识记 体系构建
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.identical adj. 相同的
2.interpret vt. 把……理解(解释)为
vi.& vt. 口译
3.waist n. 腰;腰部
4.fake adj. 假装的;假的;冒充的
5.trial n.& v. 审讯;审判;试验;试用
6.nonverbal adj. 不涉及言语的;非言语的
7.slump vi. 垂头弯腰地走(或坐等)
8.tick vt. 给(试卷、问题等)打钩号
vi. (钟表)发出嘀嗒声
n. 钩号
9.chin n. 下巴
10.intervene vi. 干预;介入
11.component n. 组成部分;零件
Ⅱ.核心单词
vt.& vi. 做手势
2.cheek n. 面颊;脸颊
3.bow vi. 鞠躬;点头
vt. 低(头)
n. 弓;蝴蝶结
4.barrier n. 隔阂;障碍
5.incident n. 发生的事情;严重事件;冲突
6.twin adj. 双胞胎之一的;孪生之一的
n. 孪生之一;双胞胎之一
7.internal adj. 内部的;里面的
[敲黑板]internal的反义词:external adj.外部的;外来的;外在的。
8.bend vt.& vi.(bent,bent) (使)弯曲;倾斜;偏向
n. 拐弯;弯道
9.reveal vt. 揭示;显示;露出
10.clarify vt. 使更清晰易懂;阐明;澄清
11.stare vi. 盯着看;凝视
n. 凝视
12.ceiling n. 天花板;上限
13.distract vt. 分散(注意力);使分心
14.chest n. 胸部;胸膛
15.bother vi.& vt. 费心;麻烦;因……操心
n. 麻烦;不便
16.weep vi.& vt.(wept,wept) 哭泣;流泪
17.conflict n. 矛盾;冲突
vi. 冲突;抵触
18.tone n. 语气;腔调;口吻
Ⅲ.多义单词
1.witness vt.当场看到;目击;见证n.目击者;证人
①witness the fall of a famous building目击一座著名建筑的倒塌
②witness the growth of the school 见证学校的发展
③the witness to the accident 事故的目击者
①strike a pose 摆个姿势
②pose for the family photo 摆姿势拍全家福
③pose a danger 造成危险
①lower your expectations 降低你的期望
②the lower half 下半部分
③the lower section 下文的部分
4.perceive vt.察觉;看待;理解
①perceive the changes in the weather察觉到天气的变化
②perceive the situation differently 以不同的方式看待这种情况
Ⅳ.派生单词
1.interaction n. 交流;相互影响
interact vi. 相互交流;相互影响
2.vary vi. (根据情况)变化;改变
various adj. 不同的;各种各样的
variety n. 多样性;变化;种类
5.demonstrate vt. 表现;表达;说明;证明
demonstration n. 显示,展示;演示,表示
6.employ vt. 使用;应用;雇用
employee n. 雇员;受雇者
employer n. 雇主;雇用者
employment n. 雇用;聘用
7.differ vi. 相异;不同于
different adj. 不同的;有差异的
difference n. 差别;差异
8.favour (NAmE-vor) vt. 较喜欢;选择;有利于
n. 帮助;恩惠;赞同
favourable adj. 赞成的;有利的
favourite adj. 最喜欢的
9.anger n. 愤怒;怒气
vt. 使生气;激怒
angry adj. 生气的;愤怒的
angrily adv. 生气地;愤怒地
10.reliable adj. 可靠的;可信赖的
rely vi. 依赖;信赖
11.slight adj. 轻微的;略微的;细小的
slightly adv. 略微;稍微
12.assess vt. 评估;评价
assessment n. 评价;评定
13.educator n. 教师;教育工作者;教育家
educate vt. 教育
educated adj. 受过教育的;有教养的
education n. 教育
14.tendency n. 趋势;倾向
tend vt.& vi. 照料;护理
vi. 倾向于;有……的趋势
15.imply vt. 意味着;暗示
implication n. 暗示,暗指
16.barely adv. 几乎不;勉强才能;刚刚
bare adj. 赤裸的;光秃秃的;空的
17.occupy vt. 占据;占用;占领
occupied adj. 使用中;忙于;被占领的
occupation n. 占领;职业
18.distinguish vi.& vt. 区分;辨别
distinguished adj. 卓越的;杰出的
19.anxiety n. 焦虑;担心;害怕
anxious adj. 忧虑的;焦虑的;渴望的
anxiously adv. 焦虑地
20.embarrassed adj. 难堪的;尴尬的
embarrass vt. 使窘迫;使尴尬
embarrassing adj. 使人难堪的;令人尴尬的
embarrassment n. 难堪;窘迫
21.ashamed adj. 羞愧;惭愧
shame n. 羞耻;羞愧;让人遗憾的事
shameful adj. 可耻的
shameless adj. 无耻的;没廉耻的
22.merely adv. 只是;仅仅;只不过
mere adj. 仅仅的,只不过的
23.inquire/enquire vi.& vt. 询问;打听
inquiry/enquiry n. 询问;调查
24.ultimately adv. 最终;最后
ultimate adj. 终极的;极限的
25.adjust vt. 调整;调节
vi.& vt. 适应;(使)习惯
adjustable adj. 可调整的;可调节的
adjustment n. 调整;调节;适应
26.react vi. (对……)起反应;回应;(对食物等)有不良反应
reaction n. 反应;副作用
Ⅴ.短语词块
(一)核心短语
1.by contrast 相比之下
2.by comparison (与……)相比较
3.make inferences推理;推断
4.break down 消除;分解;打破
5.straighten up 直起来;整理;收拾整齐
6.call on (短暂地)访问;要求(某人讲话等);正式邀请;呼吁;号召
7.in other words 换句话说;也就是说
8.at work 有某种影响;在工作
(二)主题词块
1.vary from culture to culture 因文化的不同而不同
2.make eye contact 眼神交流
3.look into one’s eyes 注视某人的眼睛
4.shake one’s head 摇头
5.kiss sb on the cheek 亲吻某人的脸颊
6.get through difficult situations 摆脱困境
7.lean forward 向前倾斜
8.have one’s head lowered 低下头
Ⅵ.教材佳句
1.And if we are feeling down or lonely,there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.(“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义)
而且如果我们感到沮丧或孤独,没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
2.So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch,it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end.[have+名词+过去分词(短语)]
所以,如果一名学生低头看手表,这就表明他觉得无聊,只是在数着下课的时间。
3.Of course,not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.(部分否定)
当然,在课堂上不是每个抬头看的学生都在专心听讲。
4.While it is easy to perceive when students are interested,bored,or distracted,it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.(while引导让步状语从句)
尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的,但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。
5.Words are important,but the way people stand,hold their arms,and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.(动作行为)
言语固然重要,但是人们站立、双手抱臂和移动双手的方式也能为我们提供有关他们情感的信息。
构词法日积月累
名词后缀-al表示行为、状态等 去e+al approve→approval批准;认可;赞成 arrive→arrival到达;到达者;到达物 survive→survival存活;幸存 remove→removal移走;拿走;消除;开除 festive→festival节日 dispose→disposal清除;处理
y改i+al deny→denial否认 bury→burial埋葬;葬礼
默写检测 盘点验收
Ⅰ.阅读单词
相同的
把……理解(解释)为
口译
腰;腰部
假装的;假的;冒充的
审讯;审判;试验;试用
Step One　写一写
1.identical adj. __________________
2.interpret vt. __________________
vi.& vt. __________________
3.waist n. __________________
4.fake adj. __________________
5.trial n.& v. __________________
6.tick vt. ______________________
vi. ______________________
n. ______________________
7.intervene vi. ______________________
8.component n. ______________________
给(试卷、问题等)打钩号
(钟表)发出嘀嗒声
钩号
干预;介入
组成部分;零件
Ⅱ.核心单词
witness
cheek
bow
barrier
pose
1.____________ vt.当场看到;目击;见证 n.目击者;证人
2.____________ n.面颊;脸颊
3.____________ vi.鞠躬;点头 vt.低(头) n.弓;蝴蝶结
4.____________ n.隔阂;障碍
5.____________ n.故作姿态;(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势 vi.摆好姿势 vt.造成(威胁、问题等)
6.____________ vt.& vi.(________,________)(使)弯曲;倾斜;偏向n.拐弯;弯道
7.____________ vt.使更清晰易懂;阐明;澄清
8.____________ vt.把……放低;降低;减少 adj.下面的;下方的;较小的
9.____________ vi.盯着看;凝视 n.凝视
10.____________ vt.察觉;看待;理解
11.____________ n.胸部;胸膛
12.____________ vi.& vt.费心;麻烦;因……操心 n.麻烦;不便
13.____________ vi.& vt.(________,________)哭泣;流泪
14.____________ n.矛盾;冲突 vi.冲突;抵触
bend
bent
bent
clarify
lower
stare
perceive
chest
bother
weep
wept
wept
conflict
Ⅲ.派生单词
interact
interaction
vary
various
variety
1.____________ vi.相互交流;相互影响→
____________ n.交流;相互影响
2.____________ vi.(根据情况)变化;改变→
____________ adj.不同的;各种各样的→
____________ n.多样性;变化;种类
3.____________ adj.合适的;恰当的→
____________ adj.不合适的;不恰当的→
____________ adv.适当地;合适地
4.____________ vi.赞成;同意 vt.批准;通过→
____________ vi.不赞成;不同意vt.不批准→
____________ n.赞成;同意;批准;通过;认可→
____________ adj.同意的;赞成的→
____________ adj.不赞同的
appropriate
inappropriate
appropriately
approve
disapprove
approval
approving
disapproving
5.____________ vi.相异;不同于→
____________ adj.不同的;有差异的→
____________ n.差别;差异
6.____________ n.愤怒;怒气 vt.使生气;激怒→
____________ adj.生气的;愤怒的→
____________ adv.生气地;愤怒地
7.____________ vi.依赖;信赖→
____________ adj.可靠的;可信赖的
differ
different
difference
anger
angry
angrily
rely
reliable
8.____________ vt.意味着;暗示→
____________ n.暗示,暗指
9.____________ vt.占据;占用;占领→
____________ adj.使用中;忙于;被占领的→
____________ n.占领;职业
10.____________ vi.& vt.区分;辨别→
____________ adj.卓越的;杰出的
imply
implication
occupy
occupied
occupation
distinguish
distinguished
11.____________ adj.忧虑的;焦虑的;渴望的→
____________ adv.焦虑地→
____________ n.焦虑;担心;害怕
12.____________ vt.使窘迫;使尴尬→
____________ adj.难堪的;尴尬的→
____________ adj.使人难堪的;令人尴尬的→
____________ n.难堪;窘迫
anxious
anxiously
anxiety
embarrass
embarrassed
embarrassing
embarrassment
13.____________ n.羞耻;羞愧;让人遗憾的事→
____________ adj.羞愧;惭愧→
____________ adj.可耻的→
____________ adj.无耻的;没廉耻的
14.____________ vt.调整;调节 vi.& vt.适应;(使)习惯→
____________ adj.可调整的;可调节的→
____________ n.调整;调节;适应
15.____________ vi.(对……)起反应;回应;(对食物等)有不良反应→
____________ n.反应;副作用
shame
ashamed
shameful
shameless
adjust
adjustable
adjustment
react
reaction
Ⅳ.重点短语
break down
call on
in other words
make inferences
1.________________消除;分解;打破
2.________________(短暂地)访问;要求(某人讲话等);正式邀请;呼吁;号召
3.________________换句话说;也就是说
4.________________推理;推断
5.straighten up ____________________
6.at work ____________________
7.by comparison ____________________
8.by contrast ____________________
直起来;整理;收拾整齐
有某种影响;在工作
(与……)相比较
相比之下
Ⅴ.教材佳句默写
1.And if we are feeling down or lonely,there is ___________________________________________________.
而且如果我们感到沮丧或孤独,没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend
2.So if a student ____________________________to look at his watch,it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end.
所以,如果一名学生低头看手表,这就表明他觉得无聊,只是在数着下课的时间。
3.Of course,________________________________________________ in class.
当然,在课堂上不是每个抬头看的学生都在专心听讲。
has his head lowered
not everyone who looks up is paying attention
Ⅰ.单词拼写
clarified
Step Two　练一练
1.Having ____________(阐明) his opinion on the incident,Mr Smith sat down and listened to others’.
2.I woke up to the fact that I had to overcome the language ____________(障碍) when going abroad.
3.Having won the gold medal,he ____________(看待) himself to be the happiest guy in the world.
barrier
perceived
4.Tom ____________(弯腰) down,picked up a rock and threw it into the lake.
5.All the members present at the meeting ____________(摆姿势) for a group photograph.
6.The tears rolled down the old man’s c________ because he was so moved.
bent
posed
heeks
7.Chuck sat quietly for hours s____________ into the distance,thinking of what might have been.
8.The past ten years has w____________ a boom in the economy in my hometown,as a result of which people here are enjoying a far better life than before.
taring
itnessed
Ⅱ.用所给单词的正确形式填空
reaction
anxious;ashamed;embarrass;react;rely;vary
1.For lots of people,the natural ____________is to get angry when they are cheated by others.
2.She felt a deep sense of ____________when she realized she had been caught lying.
3.By learning English,we can broaden our horizons and increase our knowledge in ____________fields.
shame
various
4.I have been convinced that the print media are more accurate and more ____________than television.
5.There’s tension and ____________in the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust.
6.He was so ____________—his face went brick-red.
reliable
anxiety
embarrassed
Ⅲ.用所给短语的正确形式填空(其中有两个多余短语)
call on
make inferences;break down;call on;in other words;by comparison;straighten up;at work
1.Now he has made up his mind to launch a campaign to ________________people to respect the disabled and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as they do.
2.________________ with last year,the price of beef has increased sharply.
By comparison
3.She has good handwriting and is good at writing articles.________________,she is qualified for a secretary.
4.It was the bright smile on her face that ________________my feeling of embarrassment,so we began talking happily.
5.Helen was ________________her bedroom when she heard her mother crying for help in the kitchen.
In other words
broke down
straightening up
Ⅳ.教材佳句仿写
nothing could be better
1.Walking exercises may be boring at times,but on a clear sunny morning ________________________________________. (建议信;“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义)
散步锻炼有时可能很乏味,但是在一个晴朗的早上,没有什么比这更好的了。
2._____________________________________________when climbing the mountain.(have+名词+过去分词)
爬山时,她的脚受伤了。
3.__________________________________________________________________________ the activity. (观点态度;部分否定)
并非每个学生都真正理解这项活动的重要性。
She had her feet hurt
Not every student is/Every student is not really aware of the
importance of
Ⅴ.单元知识串记
embarrassed
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Passage 1
If a person is 1.____________ (embarrass) and ashamed,he will lower his head,2._______________ (slight) bend his body,and stare at the ground.If a person boils with anger or anxiety,he will have a tendency to cross arms in front of his chest,with tears rolling down his
slightly
3.____________ (cheek).A person who approves of a plan may be witnessed 4.____________ (straighten) up and nodding his head. Certainly, we can’t always make reliable inferences.Nevertheless,I still call on people 5.____________ (reveal) body language with the purpose of breaking down the barriers in our daily communication.
cheeks
straightening
to reveal
Passage 2
Reading body language is not an easy task.It can be challenging because 1.____________ (interpret) the signs that another person 2.____________ (reveal) requires considering individual differences.For example,when lying,some people avoid eye contact.By comparison,others may maintain eye contact even longer than usual.Moreover,body language 3.____________ (differ) in various cultures, and it is appropriate to “do in Rome as the Romans do”.For
interpreting
reveals
differs
example,the gesture for “OK” in many cultures can 4.____________ (perceive) as “money” in Japan or “zero” in France.By contrast, 5.____________ (employ) such a gesture in Brazil or Germany is rude and can anger people!
be perceived
employing
核心突破 锤炼提升
No.1 夯实写作高频词汇
No.2 破解阅读障碍词汇
No.3 练透写作常用句式
1.vary vi.(根据情况)变化;改变(various adj.不同的;各种各样的 variety n.多样性;变化;种类)
佳句背诵　
Varieties of activities are being held by our club,varying from Speech Contest to Poetry Recitation.(活动介绍)
我们俱乐部正在举办各种各样的活动,从演讲比赛到诗歌朗诵不等。
No.1　夯实写作高频词汇
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Different fruits vary ____________nutritional content,with some being rich in vitamins while others provide more fiber and minerals.
②The temperature in the desert can ___________________________,
being extremely hot during the day and much cooler at night.(天气描写)
沙漠中的温度随一天中的时间而变化,白天非常热,晚上则凉爽得多。
in
vary with the time of day
用法归纳
·vary from...to...　　 在……到……之间变化;从……到……不等
vary in sth 在某方面不同
vary with... 随……而变化
·a variety of=varieties of=various 多种多样的
教考衔接　语段训练
③The art class was a delightful change from our regular classroom sessions.I chose to paint the beautiful flower garden, _______________________________________________________.
(活动介绍;2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
这次的美术课与我们常规的课堂相比是一种令人愉快的改变。我选择画美丽的花园,那里点缀着鲜艳的色彩和各式各样的花朵。
which is dotted with vibrant colors and various flowers
2.approve vi.赞成;同意 vt.批准;通过(approval n.赞成;同意;批准;通过;认可approving adj.同意的;赞成的 disapprove vi.不赞成;不同意vt.不批准disapproving adj.不赞同的)
佳句背诵　
I have to inform you that we don’t approve of the plan.
我不得不告诉你,我们不赞成这个计划。
以练促学　一句多译
①如果您能批准我们的提议,我们将不胜感激。
→We would be grateful ______________________________________.
(approve)
→We would be grateful ____________________________________
________________________________________________.(approval)
if you could approve our proposal
if you could give your approval to our
proposal
用法归纳
·approve of　　　　　 赞成,同意
approve sth 批准某事
·give one’s approval to sth 某人批准某事
win one’s approval 得到某人的批准/同意
教考衔接　单句语法填空
②Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian ____________(approve) section signed.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
approval
3.favour (NAmE-vor) vt.较喜欢;选择;有利于 n.帮助;恩惠;赞同(favourable adj.赞成的;有利的 favourite adj.最喜欢的)
佳句背诵　
I would appreciate it if you could do me a favour and spare some time to polish my application letter and resume.(求助信)
如果您能帮我一个忙,抽出时间来润色我的求职信和简历,我将不胜感激。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①The students are ____________favour of extending the lunch break by ten minutes to relax more between classes.
②The slight rain during the sports day worked ____________________,as she performed better in cooler conditions.
运动会中的小雨对她有利,因为她在更凉爽的条件下表现得更好。
in
in her favour
用法归纳
·favour sth/doing sth　　 较喜欢某事/做某事
·ask sb a favour=ask a favour of sb 请求某人帮忙
do a favour for sb=do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙
owe sb a favour 欠某人一个人情
in favour of 赞成;支持
in sb’s favour 对某人有利
教考衔接　单句写作
③It turns out that __________________________________________
over the traditional ones when it comes to English learning.(短文投稿;2022·全国乙卷)
事实证明,在谈及英语学习方面,学生们更喜欢娱乐的方式而不是传统的方式。
students favour the entertaining ways
片段巩固
用vary;approve;favour完成学生绘画创作的续写片段
写作提示:学生的作品风格迥异→希望老师能认可自己的创作→一名学生偏爱传统风格→创作一幅写实肖像→认为这样更容易打动老师
The students’ works varied greatly.Each student hoped the teacher would approve of their creation.One student,who favoured more traditional styles,chose to create a realistic portrait,believing it would be more likely to impress the teacher.
4.occupy vt.占据;占用;占领(occupied adj.使用中;忙于;被占领的 occupation n.占领;职业)
佳句背诵　
Mother is usually occupying herself preparing dinner for the whole family when I get home from school.(人物描写)
每次我放学回家的时候,母亲总是忙着在给全家人准备晚餐。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①His father’s ____________(occupy) as a chef inspired him to explore various cuisines and cooking techniques.
②During the summer break,Jenny _____________________________
to play the guitar,spending hours each day on practice.
暑假期间,珍妮忙于学习弹吉他,每天花几个小时练习。
occupation
occupied herself in learning
用法归纳
·occupy sb/oneself with sth/(in) doing sth 忙于做某事;专心做某事
·be occupied with sth/in doing sth 忙于做某事
教考衔接　单句语法填空/句式升级
③As they were ____________(occupy) in selling popcorn,they spared no time to play around.(新高考Ⅰ卷)
→_______________________________________________,they spared no time to play around.(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
→_______________________________________________, they spared no time to play around.(动词-ed形式短语作状语)
occupied
Occupying themselves in selling popcorn
Occupied in selling popcorn
5.adjust vt.调整;调节 vi.& vt.适应;(使)习惯(adjustment n.调整;调节;适应adjustable adj.可调整的;可调节的)
佳句背诵　
I am writing to apologize to you for my not adjusting the relevant information in time.(道歉信)
由于我没有及时调整相关的信息,我写信向您道歉。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①The school chairs are ____________,so children can make some ____________according to their height.(adjust)
②_________________________________________________________
______________________________________________,I’m writing to give you some tips,which I hope will be of help to you.(建议信)
知道你在适应新的学校生活方面有些困难,我写信给你一些建议,希望能对你有所帮助。
adjustable
adjustments
Knowing that you have some difficulty in adjusting (yourself)
to the new school life
用法归纳
·adjust (oneself) to (doing)... 适应……;习惯……
adjust...to... 调整……以适应……
·make an adjustment/adjustments 作出调整
教考衔接　语段训练
③More importantly,the show is scheduled to take place at 7 pm next Monday.I’m wondering if you’re available.If not,please let me know in advance _________________________________________________.
(邀请信;2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
更重要的是,节目定于下周一晚7点举行。我想知道您是否有空。如果没有,请提前告诉我,以便我可以相应地做出调整。
so that I can make adjustments accordingly
6.call on(短暂地)访问;要求(某人讲话等);正式邀请;呼吁;号召
佳句背诵　
The teacher decided to call on Sarah to share her thoughts on the importance of environmental conservation.(动作描写)
老师决定请萨拉分享她对环境保护的重要性的看法。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①The recipe calls ____________three cups of flour and one cup of sugar.
②__________________________________________________ because of heavy fog, leaving both teams disappointed.(心理描写)
由于浓雾,冠军赛被取消了,这让两支队伍都很失望。
for
The championship game was called off
用法归纳
call up　　　　 给……打电话;(使)想起
call off=cancel 取消
call for (公开)要求;需要
call in 打电话来;召来,叫来;收回
call at 拜访(地点);(火车等)停留
教考衔接　单句写作
③Giving him another smile,I asked him for a delay in payment and ___________________________________________________________and pay him back the money I owed him.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
我又对他笑了笑,向他请求延期付款,并承诺会给他打电话,还清我所欠的钱。
promised to call him up
7.in other words换句话说;也就是说
佳句背诵　
Setting a goal is the first step to success;in other words,if you want to succeed,you must set a goal first.(建议信)
设定目标是走向成功的第一步;换句话说,如果你想成功,你必须先设定一个目标。
以练促学　语块填空/用word短语完成下面语段
①____________________ (有消息传来说) a class meeting would be held in our school,so I’m writing to ask you to do me a favour.
②Sam ____________________about keeping Sarah’s secret,so Sarah decided to ____________________him after class to express how disappointed she was.However,their conversation quickly changed as they ____________________each other right outside the classroom.In the end,realizing his mistake,Sam apologized sincerely and vowed to regain Sarah’s trust.
Word came that
broke his word
have a word with
had words with
用法归纳
in a word　　　　　 总之;简言之
keep one’s word 遵守诺言
break one’s word 失信;不守诺言
have a word with... 与……谈一谈
have words with sb 和某人吵架
word came that... 有消息传来说……
教考衔接　语段训练
③“May I have your phone number I will call you and return the money I owe you._____________________________________________
or you can keep my watch!” I added.(语言描写;2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
“可以留下你的电话号码吗 我会打电话给你,归还我欠你的钱。我保证我会信守诺言,否则你可以留着我的手表!”我补充道。
I promise I will keep my word
片段巩固
用occupy;adjust;in other words;call on完成准备辩论赛的续写片段
写作提示:莉莉忙于准备辩论赛→赛事要求她调整日常时间表→换句话说,她减少了平常爱好的时间→她意识到还需要提升自己的辩论技巧→决定请求身为辩论冠军的哥哥来指导自己→最终赢得比赛
Lily occupied herself preparing for the upcoming debate competition,which required her to adjust her daily schedule significantly.In other words,she spent less time on her usual hobbies and more time on the competition.Yet this was not enough,and she realized she needed to improve her debating skills.So she decided to call on her older brother,a debate champion,to coach her.Finally,her hard work paid off and she won the first prize in the competition.
Ⅰ.一词多义/熟词生义
A
No.2　破解阅读障碍词汇
1.bother
A.vi.费心;麻烦　B.vi.因……操心　C.vt.使烦恼　D.n.麻烦;不便
①Lots of people don’t bother to go through a marriage ceremony these days._____
②Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Br mmelstroet are bothered by facts like these.(2025·全国一卷)_____
C
③He never bothered about his breakfast and he’ll eat what is left over yesterday._____
④It’s no bother at all;I can help you with your homework after school._____
B
D
2.employ
A.vt.使用,利用　B.vt.雇用　C.vt.忙于
①Every day,we students are employed in doing endless schoolwork._____
②Since the tools were employed by humans,our civilization has witnessed a rapid development._____
③The boss decided to employ Tom as her secretary because of his outstanding performance._____
C
A
B
3.break down
A.(谈判)失败　B.消除　C.(机器等)出故障 　D.(身体)垮掉　E.分解
①The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached._____
②If Tom carries on working like this,he will break down sooner or later._____
③I was halfway across Indiana and headed home to Kentucky when my car broke down.(2024·九省联考)_____
A
D
C
④If you want to break down the misunderstanding,you should apologise to her face to face._____
⑤You should break down your tasks in an appropriate way so that you can finish them on time._____
B
E
4.anxiety　n.焦虑,紧张;渴望
Her anxiety① for success drove her to study hard,but the upcoming exam filled her with anxiety② and nervousness.
_______________________________________________
①n.渴望 ②n.焦虑,紧张
5.pose　vt.造成,引起,产生;提出(问题)　n.姿势
She is not the only expert to issue a warning about the threat posed① by solar storms.To raise people’s awareness in a creative way,she struck a dramatic pose②,mimicking the effects of a solar storm,and had her assistant take a picture.At the meeting,however,many people posed③ questions about the meaning and relevance of her picture, wondering why she chose such a pose② for her awareness campaign.
_______________________________________________
①vt.造成,引起,产生 ②n.姿势 ③vt.提出(问题)
6.Then we realized that the spray had only angered him even more.___________
7.We sat down next to each other,but David wouldn’t look at me.He lowered his head.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)____________
8.Southbank,at an eastern bend in the Thames,is the center of British skateboarding,where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.(2021·全国甲卷)___________
vt.使发怒
vt.把……放低
n.弯曲处
写出下列黑体词的词性和含义
1.Typically,cruelty and cheating are discouraged,while cooperation,humbleness and courage are praised.(2024·北京卷)___________
n.谦卑
Ⅱ.构词法猜义
构词法 名词后缀-ness表示“状态,程度,性质”等
2.It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media,but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain.(2022·全国乙卷)___________
3.The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected,bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)___________
n.联系
n.有效性
4.If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party,the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment (赞扬).He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most.(2021·全国乙卷)___________
5.The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting...taking into account such things as rainfall,air temperature,dampness of soil,and the timing of snowmelt (融雪).(浙江6月卷)___________
n.尴尬
n.潮湿
句型公式:部分否定
课本原句:Of course,not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.
当然,在课堂上不是每个抬头看的学生都在专心听讲。
佳句背诵　
Our English teacher is excellent,but she can’t help everyone in the class in 50 minutes.(人物介绍)
我们的英语老师很出色,但是她不可能在50分钟内帮助班里的每一位同学。
No.3　练透写作常用句式
以练促学　一句多译/单句写作
①最近的一项调查显示,我校并非所有学生都在业余时间进行体育锻炼。
→A recent survey shows that ___________________________________
_________________________________________ in their spare time.
→A recent survey shows that ___________________________________
_________________________________________ in their spare time.
②Tom asks Jack and Peter to go on a picnic with him,but _________________________,because they have work to do.
汤姆请杰克和彼得和他一起去野餐,但他们都不想去,因为他们有工作要做。
not all the students in our school take
physical exercise
all the students in our school don’t
take physical exercise
neither of them wants to
用法归纳
(1)部分否定:当all、both、each、every、everybody、everyone、everything、always、whole、entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定副词not连用时,便构成了部分否定结构,意为“不是……都;并非……都”。
(2)全部否定:当neither、no one、no、none、never、nothing、no more、no longer、no way、not...any等表示否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用时,构成全部否定结构。
教考衔接　单句写作
③According to the above graph,it can be seen that _____________________________________________________________________________________________.(短文投稿;2022·全国乙卷)
通过以上图表,可以看出并非所有学生都采用同一种方式学英语。
not all of the students/all of the students don’t adopt the
same approach to learning English
能力考查 素养达标
维度一　单元知识运用
1.The activities in our summer camp vary ____________swimming and hiking to arts and crafts workshops.
2.When she solved the difficult math problem,she looked up to see her teacher’s ____________(approve) eyes.
3.She did ____________favour for her neighbour by watering the plants while they were on vacation.
from
approving
a
4.She ________________(occupy) in organizing the charity event,dedicating all her free time to planning.
5.After receiving feedback,she made an ____________(adjust) to her presentation to better engage her audience.
6.He finished all the tasks ahead of schedule;____________ other words,he was free for the weekend.
7.She decided to call on her friend ________________(discuss) the group project over the weekend.
was occupied
adjustment
in
to discuss
8.No other student is ________________(committed) to environmental causes than Lisa.
9.They had their project ____________(complete) two days before the deadline,which was a relief.
10.Not ____________students enjoy playing sports,but many find them beneficial for staying active.
more committed
completed
all
维度二　单元知识拾遗
During a group meeting,John observed his classmates’ body language. Lucy 1.____________________ (轻微低下) her head when speaking, 2.____________ (暗示) that she was nervous. 3.________________ (相比之下),another student 4.________________ (坐直) confidently and 5.____________ (打手势) with her hands, 6.____________ (显示) her calmness.John 7.________________ (推断) based on these 8.____________ (非语言的) cues and 9.______________ (评估) their 10.________ (焦虑) or confidence.It became clear that body language can 11.____________________________ (消除障碍) and help people understand each other’s feelings without words.
slightly bowed
implying
By contrast
straightened up
gestured
revealing
made inferences
nonverbal
assessed
anxiety
break down barriers
维度三　单元话题写作(短文投稿——肢体语言)
根据提示,用本单元主题词汇或句式完成下面的写作
假定你是李华,你们学校举行了一场关于“Body language”的讨论,请你写一篇英语报道向校报投稿,内容包括:
1.学生的观点;2.肢体语言的文化差异;3.你的建议。
Last week 1.____________ (见证) a heated discussion about the influence of body language in cross-culture communication.
witnessed
The majority of students were 2.__________________________ (赞成) the idea that body language 3._______________________________ (因人而异).For example,nodding 4.____________________________ (意味着不同意) in some countries;5.____________________________ (相比之下),it means 6.____________________ (认可) in some others.But 7.______________________________________________ (并不是所有的肢体语言都有相反的含义;部分否定),thus 8.________________________________________ (造成理解问题) in
in favor of
varies from person to person
implies disagreement
by contrast
approval
not all body language has opposite meanings
posing understanding problems
communication.For instance,smile is a universally acknowledged form of body language that can 9.___________________________________ (打破多种语言障碍).
In my opinion,to promote cross-culture communication,we should 10.____________ (适当地) make use of body language and 11.____________________________________ (作出一些必要的调整) when needed.
break down many language barriers
appropriately
make some necessary adjustments
读写培优 教考协同
Part Ⅰ　续写能力提升
Part Ⅱ　高考同源研探
Ⅰ.语料积累——动作细节描写:动“手”
Part Ⅰ　续写能力提升
词 块 1.give sb a nudge 推了某人一下
2.cover one’s head with one’s hands抱着头
3.reach down 向下伸手
4.stick one’s hand into 把手伸进
5.tear open 撕开
6.spread one’s hands 摊开双手
7.hold out one’s hand 伸出手
词 块 8.take one’s hand 牵某人的手
9.grasp/hold one’s hand 抓住某人的手
10.pat/tap sb on the shoulder/head 拍拍某人的肩膀/头
11.slide one’s hand into 把手伸进
12.wave goodbye to sb 向某人挥手告别
13.put up/raise one’s hand 举手
14.shake hands with 与……握手
15.cup...in one’s hands 将……捧在手心
16.open one’s hands 张开双手
17.hand in hand 手拉手
Ⅱ.语料运用
(Ⅰ)补全句子
1.I was organising my words in my head when the girl next to me ____________________.(nudge)
我正在整理我的头绪,这时我旁边的女孩推了我一下。
2.Doubtfully,Bob unfolded the note,____________________________ by the time he had finished reading.(独立主格)
鲍勃疑惑地展开纸条。他看完纸条时,双手颤抖。
gave me a nudge
his hands shaking
3.She signaled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line __________________________________.(分词短语作定语)
她示意学生们抱着头、排好队,有序离开教室。
4.I ____________________,expecting rice and vegetables,but instead __________________a bowl of warm,thick soup.(动作链)
我伸手下去,以为会碰到米饭和蔬菜,结果手却伸进了一碗温热的浓汤里。
5.He ________________the creamy envelope that had been enclosed in the letter.(tear)
他撕开了随信寄来的米黄色信封。
covering their heads with their hands
reached down
stuck my hand into
tore open
(Ⅱ)补全语段
spread her hands in concern
Anna saw her little brother crying on the playground.She walked over and 1.____________________________ (担心地摊开她的双手;spread),wondering what had happened.Gently, 2._______________
_________________ (她拍了拍他的肩膀;pat) and held out her hand,offering comfort.Her brother hesitated,then slowly 3.______________________________ (牵住了她的手;take),his tears still rolling down his cheeks.With a soft smile,Anna led him to a bench,
she patted him
on the shoulder
took her hand
where they 4.___________________________________________ (手拉手坐下;sit).After a few moments,she cupped his face in her hands and whispered kind words,helping him calm down.As the bell rang,they stood up,and Anna 5._________________________________________ (向弟弟挥手告别;wave),promising to see him after school.
sat hand in hand
waved goodbye to her brother
(2024·全国甲卷阅读B)
Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.For instance,almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help,scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter.But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills.They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you’re able to interpret it.If a pet cat is hungry,it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food.However,when a cat is looking for affection,they tend to produce stretched and soft meows.Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed.
Part Ⅱ　高考同源研探
Cats have many heightened senses,but their sense of smell is quite impressive.They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger.They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax.However,another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells.Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future.That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats,which they don’t usually like.
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit,but cats take this behavior up a notch.Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners.This is a very old habit that’s been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物).Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you.These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it’s been in their nature since the beginning of time.So just go along with it!
真题再做
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫的生活习性,它们通过叫声、嗅觉和行为来表达情感和需求。
24.What can be learned about cats’ meowing from the first paragraph
A.It’s a survival skill. B.It’s taught by mother cats.
C.It’s hard to interpret. D.It’s getting louder with age.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,猫通过不同的叫声来表达自己的需求,如觅食、表达情感需求或吸引母亲注意力等,表明猫的叫声是一种生存技能,故选A项。
25.How does a pet cat assess different situations
A.By listening for sounds.
B.By touching familiar objects.
C.By checking on smells.
D.By communicating with other cats.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,猫通过嗅觉来评估环境并寻找危险的迹象,它们会在选择放松的地方之前嗅闻特定区域。因此,猫是通过嗅觉来评估不同的情况的,故选C项。
26.Which best explains the phrase “take...up a notch” in paragraph 3
A.Perform appropriately. B.Move faster.
C.Act strangely. D.Do better.
√
解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit,but cats take this behavior up a notch.”以及接下来的描述可知,猫通过找到物品并带回给主人来表示爱意,这种行为比狗的取物行为要更上一层楼,即做得更好,故选D项。
27.What is a suitable title for the text
A.Tips on Finding a Smart Cat
B.Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior
C.Have Fun with Your Cat
D.How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
√
解析　标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了猫的叫声、嗅觉和行为及其背后的原因,能够帮助读者更好地理解猫的习性,因此最合适的标题是“理解你的猫的行为”,故选B项。
Step 1　理清行文脉络
发声
嗅觉
捕猎行为
Step 2　猜测障碍词汇(熟词生义/构词法)
1.Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory...___________
2.Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit,but cats take this behavior up a notch.________________________
3.However,when a cat is looking for affection,they tend to produce stretched and soft meows.___________
4.These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it’s been in their nature since the beginning of time.____________________
adv.可能
adj.令人印象深刻的n.行为
n.喜爱
adj.令人喜爱的,可爱的
课 时 作 业
Ⅰ.应用文写作(满分15分)
(2026·郑州市高中毕业年级第二次质量预测)
你校英语报正在举办以“AI in Our Study and Daily Life”为主题的征文活动,请用英语写一篇短文投稿,介绍AI对学习和生活的帮助,要点如下:
1.学习方面;2.生活方面;3.对AI的期待。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
AI in Our Study and Daily Life
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【参考范文】
AI in Our Study and Daily Life
With the development of science and technology,AI has been significantly (显著地,明显地) influencing our study and daily life.
In terms of study,AI is an intelligent (有才智的) tutor,which can swiftly provide answers to complex academic questions,making learning more efficient.For language learning,it can correct our pronunciation and grammar mistakes,enhancing our language skills. In our daily life,AI is equally beneficial (有利的).It can provide useful tips like cooking methods,proper time management and so on.
I hope AI will become more user-friendly and bring more innovations (新事物,新方法) to make our routines easier and better.
Ⅱ.读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2026·豫西北教研联盟高三第二次质量检测)
My wife Lila and I were in the middle of a heated discussion.Our 19-year-old son Andy,who was blind,wanted to attend college far across the country.Lila was extremely worried.“But how will he manage on his own He’s blind!” she exclaimed.I understood her concerns,but I believed Andy was clever,ambitious,and confident.I said,“He’s nineteen.He wants to try things independently.We’ve done all we can for him.It’s time to let him go.”
Then,I brought up the story of Gertie.In the third year of our marriage,before our children were born,a pair of geese arrived at the small lake on our farm with a flock of Canada geese in late April.After the flock left,the two geese stayed.We were excited when they started nesting in the southeastern corner of the lake.
However,it was about three weeks later that disaster struck.One evening,as I was taking a rest on the platform,weary from a long day on the farm,and Lila was working in the garden beside the house,we heard loud honks and wing-beating sounds from the lake.By the time I caught up with Lila at the nest,the male goose was dead,its neck broken.Lila found the female goose,badly injured with a broken wing,a bleeding leg,and a missing eye.I suggested putting it down and said,“It’ll never make it.Only one eye.A broken wing.An injured leg.And if it does live,it will die of sorrow.They say that geese mate for life.”
But Lila was determined to save it.And she proved me wrong.She drove the goose to the vet(兽医) that night.
Lila fixed a bed for her by the lake and for several days,Gertie,as she named her,barely moved.It was many days before she started eating again.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Gertie survived but was severely disabled.　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
The next spring,to our surprise,Gertie came back.　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【参考范文】
Gertie survived but was severely disabled.Her broken wing dragged behind her,and her injured leg left a faint trail of mud on the shore.Yet,with persistent efforts,she taught herself to swim with one good wing,her single eye scanning the water for fish.Other geese initially shunned her,but gradually,they showed mutual understanding,pushing their food toward her with their beaks.Lila,watching from the porch,wiped tears welling up(涌起) in her eyes.“If a goose can muster(找寻,聚集) the courage to face obstacles,” she murmured,“why can’t we let Andy spread his wings ”
The next spring,to our surprise,Gertie came back.Accompanying her was a strong male goose,standing out from the crowd with his snowy feathers.They nested near the spot where Lila had fixed the bed for her by the lake,and as they combed each other’s feathers,Lila’s heart swelled with(充满) warmth.“She found her way,” she whispered,her voice trembling.That day,Gertie’s mate cast an admiring glance at her scarred body,proving resilience outshines(胜过) perfection.We realized love isn’t about sheltering those we cherish—it’s about trusting them to navigate life’s storms,even with wings that once seemed broken!
Ⅲ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
(2026·南京市、盐城市高三二模)
Imagine an artificial intelligence model that can watch and understand moving images like you and me.Now,scientists have made this a reality by creating MovieNet:an innovative AI model that processes videos much like how our brains interpret real-life scenes.
This brain-inspired AI model can perceive moving scenes by simulating how neurons (神经元) make real-time sense of the world.While conventional AI excels at still image recognition,MovieNet is designed to understand complex,dynamic scenes,allowing it to recognize small changes over time.
To create MovieNet,Hollis Cline,senior author of the study,examined how animals’ brains process real-world scenes.Specifically,she studied how tadpoles’ (蝌蚪的) neurons respond to moving stimuli.Tadpoles’ neurons process these visual inputs like solving puzzle pieces:each piece alone may not make sense,but together they form a complete image in motion.Different neurons process various “puzzle pieces” of a real-life moving image,which the brain then combines to form a continuous scene.
Using this understanding,the researchers trained MovieNet to process video clips by identifying small visual signals,allowing it to distinguish between small changes in scenes.In testing,MovieNet achieved 82.3% accuracy,outperforming trained human observers by about 18% and doing much better than existing AI models.
Beyond its higher accuracy,MovieNet is more environment-friendly.Conventional AI requires vast amounts of data and energy,but MovieNet compresses (压缩) data like a zipped file,reducing environmental impact.“We’ve also made AI far less demanding,” says Cline.MovieNet could also transform medicine.It might help detect early signs of diseases by tracking small movement changes that are difficult for human eyes to detect.
Looking ahead,the team plans to improve MovieNet’s ability to adapt to different environments and enhance its potential applications.“By designing models that think like living organisms (有机体),we can achieve efficiency levels that aren’t possible with traditional AI,” says Cline.“Biology is a gold mine.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。科学家研发出新型人工智能模型MovieNet,它通过模拟神经元如何实时感知世界来理解动态场景。研究人员借研究蝌蚪神经元训练该模型通过识别微小的视觉信号来处理视频片段。测试中,MovieNet准确率高,远超人类观察者和现有的人工智能模型,此外,MovieNet更环保,未来有望在更多领域应用。
1.What does the underlined word “simulating” mean in paragraph 2
A.Copying. B.Inspiring. C.Demonstrating. D.Recognizing.
√
解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段的“MovieNet:an innovative AI model that processes videos much like how our brains interpret real-life scenes”可知,MovieNet是一款新型人工智能模型,其处理视频的方式与人类大脑解读现实生活场景的方式极为相似。再结合画线词所在句可推知,MovieNet这一人工智能模型受大脑启发而研发,它通过模拟大脑中的神经元如何实时感知世界来理解动态场景,故画线词的含义与A项“模仿,仿效”的意思最为接近。
2.MovieNet is trained 　　　　.
A.to integrate dynamic images B.to increase visual inputs
C.to feed on information pieces D.to look into tadpoles’ neurons
√
解析　推理判断题。第三段讲为了创造MovieNet,研究人员研究了动物大脑是如何处理现实世界场景的。再根据第四段首句可知,基于对蝌蚪大脑处理现实世界场景的方式的理解,研究人员训练MovieNet通过识别微小的视觉信号来处理视频片段,使其能够区分场景中的细微变化。由此可知,研究人员训练MovieNet整合动态图像,故选A。选项中的integrate对应文中的process,dynamic images 对应文中的video clips。B项“增加视觉输入”;C项“以信息碎片为食”;D项“研究蝌蚪的神经元”。
3.According to paragraph 5,what is an advantage of MovieNet
A.Its powerful data storage. B.Its low energy consumption.
C.Its control of medical diseases. D.Its improvement on drug effects.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第五段的“MovieNet is more environment-friendly...reducing environmental impact”可知,MovieNet更加环保,相对于传统的人工智能需要大量的数据和能源而言,它能像压缩文件一样压缩数据,从而减少对环境的影响,即能源消耗低,故选B。A项“它强大的数据存储能力”;C项“它对医学疾病的控制”;D项“它对药物效果的改善”。
4.What can be concluded from Cline’s words in the last paragraph
A.Biology brings us financial profits.
B.Living organisms can outperform AI.
C.AI can assist in biological development.
D.Drawing inspiration from biology is promising.
√
解析　推理判断题。最后一段Cline说,通过设计像生物体一样思考的模型,人们能够达到传统人工智能无法实现的效率水平,生物学是一座金矿。这表明从生物学中获取灵感来设计人工智能模型是很有前景的,故选D。A项“生物学给我们带来经济利益”;B项“生物体可以胜过人工智能”;C项“人工智能可以辅助生物学发展”。
二次精读
核心单词 Para.1:innovative adj.革新的,创新的　interpret v.诠释,说明;把……理解为,领会 Para.2:perceive v.(以某种方式)看待,理解;察觉,注意到,发觉　real-time adj.(计算机系统)即时处理的,实时的　conventional adj.传统的,常规的　dynamic adj.动态的,发展变化的 Para.4:clip n.(电影、电视节目等的)片段　identify v.确认,认出,鉴定;找到,发现　outperform v.做得比……好,胜过
核心短语 Para.2:excel at擅长　Para.3:make sense有意义,表述清晰,易于理解;解释得通,有道理;是明智的,是合乎情理的　in motion运动中的　Para.6:look ahead向前看,展望未来
Thanks！
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