资源简介

Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.hybrid n.　　　　　 杂交植(动)物;合成物;混合动力车
2.crisis n.(pl.crises) 危机;危急关头
3.conventional adj. 传统的;习惯的
4.pollinate vt. 授粉;传粉
5.domestic adj. 本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的
6.strain n. (动、植物的)系;品种;拉伤;压力
7.celebrity n. 名望;名誉;名人;名流
8.envision vt. 展望;想象
9.sorghum n. 高粱;高粱米
10.broom n. 扫把;扫帚;金雀花
11.urban adj. 城市的;都市的;城镇的
[敲黑板]反义词:rural adj.乡村的。
12.fertiliser (NAmE-izer) n. 肥料
13.alleviate vt. 减轻;缓解
14.organic adj. 有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的
15.pesticide n. 杀虫剂;除害药物
16.bacterium n.(pl.bacteria) 细菌
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.characteristic n. 特征;特点;品质
adj. 典型的;独特的
2.attain vt. (通常经过努力)获得;得到
3.intense adj. 热切的;十分强烈的;激烈的
4.overcome vt.(overcame,overcome) 克服;解决;战胜;使受巨大影响
5.output n. 产量;输出;输出量
vt.(output,output) 输出
6.estimate vt. 估计;估价;估算
n. 估计;估算
7.comprise vt. 包括;包含;由……组成
8.generate vt. 产生;引起
9.leisure n. 闲暇;休闲;空闲
10.soil n. 泥土;土壤;国土;领土
vt. 弄脏
11.grain n. 谷物;谷粒;颗粒
12.vision n. 想象;视力;视野;影像
13.bomb n. 炸弹;彻底的失败
vt. 轰炸;对……投炸弹
14.tunnel n. 地下通道;地道;隧道
15.wheat n. 小麦;小麦籽
16.widespread adj. 分布广的;普遍的;广泛的
17.essential adj. 完全必要的;极其重要的
18.mineral n. 矿物;矿物质
19.grocery n. 食品杂货店;[pl.]食品杂货
20.instance n. 例子;实例;事例
21.aspect n. 方面;层面
Ⅲ.多义单词
1.tackle vt.解决(难题);应付(局面);处理
①tackle the issue 解决这个问题
②tackle the situation calmly and carefully 冷静并小心地应对局面
③tackle the problem head-on 直面处理这个问题
2.boost vt.使增长;使兴旺 n.增长;提高;激励
①boost the school’s reputation 提升学校的声誉
②boost the team’s spirit 提高团队士气
③a boost in student participation 学生参与度的增加
3.yield n.产量;产出vt.出产(作物);产生(收益、效益等);让出vi.屈服;让步
①the yield of the farm 这块农田的产量
②the yield of the new method 新方法的产出
③yield fresh vegetables 出产新鲜蔬菜
④yield good returns 产生良好收益
⑤yield to the strong wind 屈服于强风
4.flavour (NAmE-vor) n.味道;特点;特色vt.给……调味
①a sweet flavour 甜美的味道
②the flavour of the painting 这幅画的特点
③the flavour of the region 该地区的特色
④flavour the cake with chocolate 用巧克力给蛋糕调味
5.digest vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会;领悟 n.摘要;文摘
①digest food 消化食物
②digest the main ideas 领会主要思想
③the digest of the news 新闻摘要
6.alternative n.可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的;非传统的
①a good alternative 良好替代方案
②alternative methods 可供替代的方法
③an alternative approach 非传统的方法
7.root n.根;根茎;根部;根源 vt.根源在于vt.& vi.生根
①the root of the plant 植物的根部
②the root of the problem 问题的根源
③be rooted in poor planning 根源在于计划不周
Ⅳ.派生单词
1.devote vt.　　　　 把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于
devoted adj. 挚爱的;全心全意的;忠诚的
devotion n. 奉献;忠诚;挚爱
2.shortage n. 不足;缺少;短缺
short adj. 短的;矮的;缺乏的;简略的
shorten vt.& vi. 缩短
3.convince vt. 使相信;使确信;说服
convincing adj. 有说服力的;令人信服的
convinced adj. 确信的;坚信的
4.assumption n. 假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得
assume vt. 假定;设想;承担;假装
assuming conj. 假定;假设
5.expand vt.& vi. 扩大;增加
vt. 扩展;发展(业务)
expansion n. 扩大;扩张;扩充
6.consumption n. 消耗;消耗量;消费
consume vt. 消耗;消费;吃;喝
consumer n. 消费者;用户;客户
7.reality n. 现实;实际情况;事实
real adj. 真实的
realise vt. 实现;意识到
8.salty adj. 含盐的;咸的
salt n. 盐
vt. (给食物)加盐
9.extension n. 扩建部分;扩大;电话分机
extend vt. 伸开;展开;延伸
extensive adj. 广阔的;大规模的;广泛的
10.chemical adj. 与化学有关的;化学的
n. 化学制品;化学品
chemist n. 化学家;药剂师
chemically adv. 化学上地
chemistry n. 化学
11.nutrition n. 营养;滋养
nutritional adj. 营养(物)的
nutritious adj. 有营养的;营养丰富的
12.poverty n. 贫穷;贫困
poor adj. 贫穷的
poorly adv. 糟糕地
adj. 不适;不舒服
13.depth n. 向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)
deep adj. 深的
deeply adv. 深深地;强烈地
deepen vt. 加深;(使)变深
14.entirely adv. 全部地;完整地;完全地
entire adj. 全部的;完全的
Ⅴ.短语词块
(一)核心短语
1.fulfil one’s dreams 实现某人的梦想
2.devote...to 把……用于;献身;致力;专心
3.be comprised of 包括;包含;由……组成(或构成)
4.deep down 在内心深处;本质上;实际上
5.for instance 例如;比如
6.in turn 相应地;转而;依次;轮流;反过来
7.turn to 转向;求助于
8.focus on 关注
(二)主题词块
1.work the land 耕耘
2.pursue a career 追求职业
3.a serious shortage of food 食物严重短缺
4.tackle this crisis 解决这场危机
5.a life of leisure 悠闲的生活
6.care little for celebrity or money 不关心名利或金钱
7.make large donations to support agricultural research 捐赠巨资支持农业研究
8.be rich in nutrition 富有营养
Ⅵ.教材佳句
1.However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.(what引导主语从句)
然而,最让他担心的是,农民常常收成不好,有时甚至严重缺乏食物。
2.Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains,and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.(it作形式主语)
据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物,这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
3.Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy,one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.(given that引导状语从句)
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有,人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
4.Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground,making it ready for the next batch of crops.(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
种植不同的作物是因为他们把重要的矿物质带回土壤,使其为下一批作物生长做好准备。
5.Indeed,his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers,to whom he had devoted his life.(人物描写)
确实,他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。
构词法日积月累
名词后缀-th构成抽象名词,表示行为、性质、状态、情况
直接加th warm→warmth温暖　　　grow→growth成长
去掉尾字母e加th true→truth真理　　　　 wide→width宽度
去掉中间字母e加th deep→depth深度
把ong改为eng再加th long→length长度　　　　strong→strength力量
Step One　写一写
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.conventional adj.传统的;习惯的
2.domestic adj.本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的
3.celebrity n.名望;名誉;名人;名流
4.envision vt.展望;想象
5.urban adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的
6.fertiliser (NAmE-izer) n.肥料
7.alleviate vt.减轻;缓解
8.organic adj.有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的
9.pesticide n.杀虫剂;除害药物
10.bacterium n.(pl.bacteria)细菌
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.tackle vt.解决(难题);应付(局面);处理
2.attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得;得到
3.overcome vt.(overcame,overcome)克服;解决;战胜;使受巨大影响
4.output n.产量;输出;输出量 vt.(output,output)输出
5.estimate vt.估计;估价;估算 n.估计;估算
6.leisure n.闲暇;休闲;空闲
7.soil n.泥土;土壤;国土;领土vt.弄脏
8.vision n.想象;视力;视野;影像
9.widespread adj.分布广的;普遍的;广泛的
10.digest vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会;领悟 n.摘要;文摘
11.essential adj.完全必要的;极其重要的
12.alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的
13.root n.根;根茎;根部;根源vt.根源在于
vt.& vi.生根
14.aspect n.方面;层面
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于→devoted adj.挚爱的;全心全意的;忠诚的→devotion n.奉献;忠诚;挚爱
2.short adj.短的;矮的;缺乏的;简略的→
shorten vt.& vi.缩短→shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺
3.convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服→
convincing adj.有说服力的;令人信服的→
convinced adj.确信的;坚信的
4.assume vt.假定;设想;承担;假装→assuming conj.假定;假设→assumption n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得
5.expand vt.& vi.扩大;增加 vt.扩展;发展(业务)→expansion n.扩大;扩张;扩充
6.consume vt.消耗;消费;吃;喝→consumer n.消费者;用户;客户→consumption n.消耗;消耗量;消费
7.real adj.真实的→reality n.现实;实际情况;事实→realise vt.实现;意识到
8.salt n.盐vt.(给食物)加盐→salty adj.含盐的;咸的
9.extend vt.伸开;展开;延伸→extension n.扩建部分;扩大;电话分机→extensive adj.广阔的;大规模的;广泛的
10.chemist n.化学家;药剂师→chemical adj.与化学有关的;化学的 n.化学制品;化学品→chemically adv.化学上地→chemistry n.化学
11.nutrition n.营养;滋养→nutritional adj.营养(物)的→nutritious adj.有营养的;营养丰富的
12.poor adj.贫穷的→poorly adv.糟糕地 adj.不适;不舒服→poverty n.贫穷;贫困
13.deep adj.深的→deeply adv.深深地;强烈地→deepen vt.加深;(使)变深→depth n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)
Ⅳ.重点短语
1.be comprised of 包括;包含;由……组成(或构成)
2.deep down 在内心深处;本质上;实际上
3.devote...to把……用于;献身;致力;专心
4.for instance例如;比如
5.in turn 相应地;转而;依次;轮流;反过来
6.turn to 转向;求助于
7.focus on 关注
8.fulfil one’s dreams 实现某人的梦想
Ⅴ.教材佳句默写
1.However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
然而,最让他担心的是,农民常常收成不好,有时甚至严重缺乏食物。
2.Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains,and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.
据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物,这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
3.Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy,one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有,人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
Step Two　练一练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Apart from what you have mentioned above,do you have any alternative (可供替代的) plan
2.With the development of science and technology,the house in the future will be smart and caring in many aspects (方面).
3.I estimate (估算) that the total cost of treatment will go from $9,000 to $12,500.
4.We have received widespread (广泛的) support for the new proposal and there is ample evidence showing that the new scheme is workable.
5.India attained independence from Britain in 1947 after a long struggle.
6.Water is essential for all known forms of life,without which nothing can survive and continue.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的正确形式填空
assume;deep;devote;extend;poor;real
1.In an ideal world there would be no poverty and disease.
2.Her childhood dream became a reality when she became a film star.
3.Bethune,a devoted friend of Chinese,devoted his life to helping Chinese.I really respect his devotion to medical work.
4.A lot of people make the assumption that financial hardship only exists in the third world.
5.If you are in need of a deadline extension,simply explain the situation to the professor.
6.We felt at home with her and were impressed with the depth of her knowledge.
Ⅲ.用所给短语的正确形式填空(其中有两个多余短语)
deep down;devote...to;for instance;in turn;focus on;turn to;be comprised of
1.Keep up your courage,since life is comprised of joy and sadness.
2.She looks cold-hearted but deep down she is a very kind person and always helps those in need.
3.Everyone can make contributions to protecting our natural resources.For instance,we can save lots of gas by riding a bike or walking instead of driving.
4.All in all,I’m in favour of organic farming.I hope more and more farmers will turn to organic farming in the future.
5.For one thing,not only does it help to build up our health,but it also helps us to learn more effectively in turn.
Ⅳ.教材佳句仿写
1.What impresses me most is that my uncle will always motivate me to stick to my dream whenever I come across difficulties.(人物介绍;what引导主语从句)
给我印象最深的是,每当我遇到困难时,我的叔叔总会激励我坚持自己的梦想。
2.It is estimated that the population of the whole city is about one million.(情况介绍;it作形式主语)
据估计,全市人口大约有一百万。
3.Given that there was little time left,the children have done quite well.(given that引导状语从句)
考虑到剩下的时间不多了,孩子们已经做得相当好了。
Ⅴ.单元知识串记
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Passage 1
Our class is comprised of thirty students.Dreams 1.rooted (root) in our hearts,we work hard and devote ourselves to our studies all day.We 2.are convinced (convince) that only if we spare no effort to work can we broaden our vision.But too much homework tends 3.to generate (generate) much strain and we will be overcome with anxiety when not 4.digesting (digest) what we are taught.However,we have alternative methods to alleviate our frustration.For instance,we can relax ourselves in leisure time.Besides,keeping a 5.nutritious (nutrition) diet is also essential.
Passage 2
The use of animals in the history enormously 1.expanded (expand) output and alleviated the need for humans to perform the heavy labour.With the technological development,the widespread use of machines has largely replaced animals in farm work,2.overcoming (overcome) the problem of low output.Farm machinery has tackled the crisis of food 3.shortage (short),and greatly 4.boosted (boost) the yields.For instance,it 5.is estimated (estimate) that one farmer on a cotton-picking machine can harvest as much in a day as 100 people working by hand.
No.1　夯实写作高频词汇
1.devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于(常与介词to连用)
(devoted adj.挚爱的;全心全意的;忠诚的 devotion n.奉献;忠诚;挚爱)
佳句背诵　
The doctor devotes all his time to saving people’s lives,winning respect from the country.(人物介绍)　这位医生毕生致力于挽救人们的生命,因而赢得了全国人民的尊重。
以练促学　单句语法填空/句式升级
①Yuan Longping devoted himself (he) to studying hybrid rice and he was respected by people all over the world.(人物介绍)
→Devoting himself to studying hybrid rice,Yuan Longping was respected by people all over the world.(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
→Devoted to studying hybrid rice,Yuan Longping was respected by people all over the world.(形容词短语作状语)
用法归纳
·devote...to (doing) sth把……奉献给;把……专注于;献身;致力
devote oneself to (doing) sth
致力于(做)某事;献身于(做)某事
·be devoted to (doing) sth
专心于(做)某事;致力于(做)某事
教考衔接　语段训练
②Sun Yat-sen devoted all his life to improving and strengthening China.Though he did not live to fully realize his vision,Sun is still remembered as a great politician.(人物介绍;2023·全国甲卷)
孙中山一生致力于改善和强大中国。虽然他在世时未能完全实现他的愿景,但仍然作为一位伟大的政治家被人们铭记。
2.convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服(convinced adj.确信的;坚信的
convincing adj.有说服力的;令人信服的)
佳句背诵　
My parents have always convinced me to challenge myself,for which I’m really grateful.
我的父母一直说服我去挑战自己,对此我非常感激。
以练促学　单句语法填空/同义句转换
①You need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job.
②I am convinced (convince) that you like paper-cutting,so I’d like to invite you to visit the exhibition.
→Convinced that you like paper-cutting,I’d like to invite you to visit the exhibition.(分词短语作状语)
用法归纳
·convince sb of sth　　 使某人确信/明白某事
convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事
convince sb that... 使某人相信……
·be convinced (that...)/of...　 (某人)坚信……
教考衔接　单句写作
③After a long time,I finally convinced him to take up the challenge and decide to join in the cross-country run.(动作描写;2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
经过很长时间,我终于说服了他接受挑战并决定参加越野赛。
片段巩固
用devote;convince完成参加辩论队的续写片段
写作提示:莎拉致力于学业→朋友邀请加入辩论队→不确定自己是否能够同时兼顾→确信自己能够平衡时间→决定尝试一下
Sarah was always devoted to her studies.However,when her friend invited her to join the school’s debate team,she wasn’t sure if she could handle both.After some thought,Sarah convinced herself that she could balance her time and decided to give it a try.
3.assumption n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得(assume vt.假定;设想;承担;假装assuming conj.假定;假设)
佳句背诵　
We made an assumption that all guests would arrive on time.(动作描写)
我们初步预计所有宾客都将准时出席。
以练促学　单句语法填空/句式升级
①The teacher assumed the new student to be (be) shy because he didn’t participate in class discussions during his first week.(人物描写)
②People assume that drinking Chinese tea can not only refresh ourselves but also strengthen our memory.
→It is generally assumed that not only can drinking Chinese tea refresh ourselves but it can also strengthen our memory.(it作形式主语)
用法归纳
·on the assumption that... 假定……
make an assumption 作出主观推断
·assume sb/sth (to be)+adj./n. 假定/认为某人/某事(为)……
It is generally assumed that... 人们普遍认为……
·assuming (that)... 假设……
教考衔接　单句写作
③However,on the assumption that/assuming that they are assigned to different groups,their full potential might not be realized.(建议信;2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
然而,假设他们被分配到了不同的小组,他们的潜力可能无法得到充分发挥。
4.alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的(alternatively adv.要不,或者)
佳句背诵　
The Internet also provides us with an alternative to communicating with others.(现象介绍)
互联网还为我们提供了一种与他人沟通的替代方式。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①I could come to your house,or alternatively (alternative),we could meet in the town.
②After missing the last bus,we had no alternative but to walk home in the rain.(动作描写)
错过最后一班公交车后,我们别无选择,只好在雨中步行回家。
用法归纳
have no alternative but to do sth 别无选择只好做某事
an alternative to... ……的替代品
教考衔接　单句写作
③Firstly,shared bicycles have emerged as a symbol of urban mobility,offering an affordable and green alternative for short trips.(发言稿;2024·全国甲卷)
首先,共享单车已成为城市出行的象征,为短途出行提供了一种经济实惠且绿色的选择。
5.in turn相应地;转而;依次;轮流;反过来
佳句背诵　
In the past,it was our parents and teachers that helped us and in turn,we should give a helping hand from now on.(活动介绍;天津7月卷)
过去是父母和老师帮助了我们,反过来,我们也应该从现在开始帮助他们。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①They cleaned the house by turns,one sweeping the floors while the other dusted the furniture.
②When it was my turn to give a speech,I was a little nervous.(心理描写)
当轮到我演讲的时候,我有点紧张。
用法归纳
by turns　　　　　　　　 轮流
take turns to do sth 轮流做某事
It is one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事
It turns/turned out that... 结果……
教考衔接　单句写作
③The children had worked hard.It turned out that their efforts paid off when the popcorn was sold out quickly.(动作描写;新高考Ⅰ卷)
孩子们付出了很大的努力。事实证明,他们的努力得到了回报,爆米花很快就卖完了。
片段巩固
用assumption;alternative;in turn完成参加小组学习的续写片段
写作提示:起初,学生们认为参加补习班是唯一的方法→他们找到了另一种可供选择的方法——小组学习→这种可选择的方法相应地帮助他们更好地掌握难点科目
At first,the students made an assumption that taking extra classes was the only way.However,they found an alternative—studying in groups.This alternative,in turn,helped them grasp difficult subjects better.
No.2　破解阅读障碍词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义/熟词生义
1.digest
A.vt.消化　B.vt.理解;领会　C.n.摘要
①I only read this digest of the novel,so I don’t know the details.C
②I haven’t entirely digested what he said just now.B
③Within weeks,it had all been digested,and all that was left was pure water.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)A
2.overcome
A.vt.克服;解决　B.vt.打败,战胜　C.vt.受到……的极大影响
①To everyone’s shock,in the final game Sweden easily overcame France.B
②His parents were overcome with great sorrow at his grandpa’s funeral.C
③In addition,their smile-to-life attitude even in such tough situations also inspired me to overcome any difficulties in life.A
3.flavour
A.n.味道　B.n.特点;特色　C.vt.给……调味
①French strawberries do not taste like cardboard.Instead,they explode in your mouth like little flavour bombs.A
②Mother flavours her custards with lemon extract.C
③This movie really catches the flavour of New York.B
4.root
A.n.根;根茎　B.n.根部　C.n.根源　D.vt.根源在于
①The roots of the old tree spread deep into the ground,providing stability even during strong winds.A
②The root of the problem lies in poor communication between team members.C
③We found the source of the leak at the root of the wall.B
④These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law.Instead,they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving.(2024·北京卷)D
5.boost　vt.使增长;使兴旺　n.激励;增长;提高
Emily decided to boost① her math skills by practicing every day after school.This extra effort gave her a significant boost② in her test scores,and her confidence received a boost③ as well.Her teacher noticed the improvement and praised her hard work,which motivated her to keep going.①vt.使增长;使兴旺　②n.增长;提高　③n.激励
6.yield　n.产量;产出vt.放弃,让出vi.屈服;让步
In the process of improving the yield① of crops,their team encountered numerous barriers,but they didn’t yield② to the difficulties and never yielded③ their goals.
①n.产量;产出　②vi.屈服;让步　③vt.放弃,让出
7.alternative　n.可供选择的事物　adj.可供替代的,备选的;非传统的
Besides these alternative① proposals,there are no alternative② ones,so we have no alternative③ but to adopt one of them.
①adj.非传统的　②adj.可替代的,备选的　③n.可供选择的事物
8.I don’t want you soiling your hands with this sort of work.vt.弄脏
9.His play turned out to be a complete bomb,which made him extremely frustrated.n.彻底的失败
10.Everyone has his own characteristic value and dignity that has to be taken seriously in teaching activities.adj.独特的
Ⅱ.构词法猜义
构词法 名词或形容词后缀-al表示“性质,状态”等 名词后缀-ment表示“行为动作的过程和结果”等 名词后缀-ship表示“身份,性质”等
写出下列黑体词的词性和含义
1.We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal,winter planting,and seed collection.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)n.移除,清除
2.Some are classic short stories,and some are new original works.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)adj.原创的
3.Since 1982,membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)n.会员人数
4.Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of;leadership,marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions.(2024·北京卷)n.领导地位
5.Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)n.安排,筹划
No.3　练透写作常用句式
句型公式:given that引导状语从句
课本原句:Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy,one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有,人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
佳句背诵　
Given that you are keen on the traditional Chinese festival,Dragon Boat Festival,I am writing to introduce it to you.(节日介绍)
鉴于您对中国的传统节日端午节非常感兴趣,我写信向您介绍一下这个节日。
以练促学　单句写作
①Given that there was nobody to help him,he instantly seized the bike tightly and threw it towards the wolf with all his strength.(动作链)
考虑到没有人帮他,他立即抓牢自行车,用尽全力把它扔向了狼。
用法归纳
“given that”作连词,后接状语从句,意为“假如;考虑到;既然”。
教考衔接　单句写作
②Given that we students need more physical exercise,our school organized a cross-country running race last Sunday.(活动介绍;新高考Ⅰ卷)
考虑到我们学生需要更多的体育锻炼,我们学校上周日举行了一次越野赛跑。
维度一　单元知识运用
1.The scientist is devoted to researching (research) new methods for renewable energy.
2.I finally convinced my brother to join (join) the school’s soccer team after showing him how much fun it could be.
3.They planned the picnic on the assumption (assume) that the weather would be sunny.
4.When the car broke down,we had no alternative but to walk (walk) the rest of the way.
5.Her kindness inspired others,and they,in turn,spread kindness to others.
6.What surprised everyone was how quickly the project was completed.
7.Given (give) that it was her first time cooking,the meal turned out to be delicious.
维度二　单元知识拾遗
1.It is estimated that (据估计) over 800 million people worldwide suffer from 2.a shortage of food (食物短缺).3.Hunger is deeply rooted in poverty (饥饿深深根植于贫困),which makes it difficult to 4.overcome (战胜).5.Deep down (从本质上来说),6.widespread efforts (广泛的努力) are needed 7.to tackle this global crisis (解决这一全球性危机).
维度三　单元话题写作(短文投稿——用英文讲中国故事)
根据提示,用本单元主题词汇或句式完成下面的写作
(2023·全国甲卷改编)你们学校正举办主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位中国优秀伟人为题写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:
1.人物简介及事迹;
2.意义或启示。
1.I am convinced that (我坚信) Yuan Longping,known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”,is one of the most influential figures in China’s agricultural development.
He 2.devoted his entire life to developing (毕生致力于培育) high-yield rice varieties,which have greatly increased China’s food production and helped 3.alleviate hunger (缓解饥饿) in many developing countries.He was a person of high perseverance and determination.Faced with 4.the shortage of (短缺) research funds and advanced research equipment,he didn’t give up but spared no effort to 5.overcome them one by one (逐个克服它们).Without his efforts,many people in the world might still stay in hunger.
6.Given that he had achieved what he wanted (鉴于他已经实现了自己想要的;given that引导状语从句),many people might think he would have retired to 7.a life of leisure (悠闲的生活),but he didn’t.He kept on dreaming up and developing 8.strains with higher yields (产量更高的品种) even in his later years,which serves as an inspiration to us all.
Part Ⅰ　续写能力提升
Ⅰ.语料积累——动作细节描写:动“腿”
词 块 1.run into 跑进 2.step into 走进 3.rush out of 冲出 4.hurry to 匆忙赶到 5.get stuck in the hole 卡在洞里 6.shaky/trembling legs 颤抖的腿 7.with one’s legs wide apart 双腿叉开 8.drag one’s tired legs 拖着疲惫的腿 9.cross one’s legs 盘腿 10.drag one’s heavy legs 拖着沉重的双腿 11.run like the wind 飞奔 12.pace back and forth 踱来踱去 13.walk up and down restlessly 不安地走来走去 14.slide into bed 溜上床
Ⅱ.语料运用
(Ⅰ)补全句子
1.Daniel runs into his bedroom and shuts the door angrily.(run)
丹尼尔跑进卧室,生气地关上了门。
2.When my English teacher stepped into the classroom,I was surprised to see the same man I had met earlier.(step)
当我的英语老师走进教室时,我很惊讶地发现,他就是我之前遇到的那个人。
3.I was running out of the classroom when I bumped into a girl literally.(run)
我正跑出教室的时候突然撞到了一个女孩。
4.I hurried to the school skateboarding club.(hurry)
我匆忙赶到学校滑板俱乐部。
5.His legs got stuck in the hole.He couldn’t move.(get stuck)
他的腿卡在洞里了。他动弹不得。
(Ⅱ)补全语段
After the long day at school,Jake 1.dragged his tired legs (拖着他疲惫的腿;drag) as he walked home.Every step seemed heavier than the last.When he finally reached his house,he paused at the door,2.pacing back and forth (踱来踱去;pace),too restless to go inside.His mind was full of thoughts about the test he hadn’t done well in.Suddenly,his little sister jumped to her feet from the couch when she saw him.Jake managed a weak smile and 3.crossed his legs (盘腿;cross) as he sat beside her.They talked for a while,and slowly,he began to relax.Later that night,Jake 4.slid into bed (溜上床;slide),feeling a bit more at ease.
Part Ⅱ　高考同源研探
(2025·全国二卷阅读D)
Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food Mine does.Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa,where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time.
Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant,supermarket,and supply chain industries.From technological solutions to educational campaigns,food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing.But last month,one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way:It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away.
For two weeks in March,Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED,and served items like fried skate cartilage,a juice pulp burger,and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad.Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.
A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入),and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled.Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out.Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems,but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion.
It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage.Instead,all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving.Things like kale ribs,fish collars,rejected sweet potatoes,and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and,with the help of a number of good chefs,turned into excellent cuisine.
Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews,it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment;Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu.Nevertheless,it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability,and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.
真题再做
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了纽约一家餐厅的短期实验wastED,该餐厅用边角料食材制作美味佳肴,倡导减少食物浪费和物尽其用的可持续发展理念。
32.What can be inferred about the author’s early life
A.He witnessed food shortage.
B.He enjoyed the local cuisine.
C.He donated food to Africans.
D.He helped to cook at home.
答案　A
解析　[推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知,作者在南非长大,非洲有孩子挨饿是事实,由此可推知作者早年亲眼目睹过食物短缺现象。故选A。]
33.Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment
A.To customize dishes for guests.
B.To make the public aware of food waste.
C.To test a food processing method.
D.To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems.
答案　B
解析　[细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.”可知,Blue Hill 餐厅进行这个实验是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。故选B。]
34.What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A.Why the ingredients were used.
B.Which dishes were best liked.
C.What the dishes were made of.
D.Where the ingredients were bought.
答案　C
解析　[段落大意题。第五段首句否定垃圾食材的说法,随后列举羽衣甘蓝梗、鱼颈肉、淘汰的甘薯、黄瓜根部等非常规食材来说明菜品原料的构成。故选C。]
35.What can we learn about wastED
A.It has ended as planned.
B.It is creating new jobs.
C.It has regained popularity.
D.It is criticized by top chefs.
答案　A
解析　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews,it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment;Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu.”可知,wastED 从一开始就是短期实验,Blue Hill 餐厅现已恢复常规菜单。由此推断,wastED 已按计划结束。故选A。]
Step 1　理清行文脉络
Step 2　猜测障碍词汇(熟词生义/构词法)
1.Instead,all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving.n.切下的一块肉
2.Nevertheless,it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability,and that...v.处理
3.For two weeks in March,Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED... v.重新命名,更名
4.Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.adj.特制的
5.Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews,it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment...adj.短暂的
课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共30分)
(2026·新疆维吾尔自治区高三适应性检测二)
Denmark,known for its fantastic fairy tales and elegant design studios,is about to become known for something more basic:the world’s first belch and manure tax(打嗝和粪便税).
That’s because there are five times as many pigs and cows in Denmark as there are people.Nearly two-thirds of its land is taken up by farming.And agriculture is becoming its largest share of air pollution,putting lawmakers under intense public pressure to reduce it.
So now,Denmark’s government has agreed to tax the planet-heating methane(甲烷) emissions that all those animals expel through their waste products,gas-passing and belching.The measure,under negotiation for years,was passed by the Danish Parliament in November 2024,making it the only such climate tax on livestock in the world.
“I think it’s good,” said Rasmus Angelsnes,thirty-one,who was shopping for dinner in Copenhagen one recent afternoon.“It’s a slight motivation to make different choices,maybe more climate-friendly choices.”
The tax is designed to clean up the country’s agricultural pollution and eventually restore some farmland to its natural form,like peatlands(泥炭地). Denmark’s quest is also part of a reflection for many agricultural powerhouses,as these countries face calls to reduce pollution from farms.Globally,the food system accounts for 25% of greenhouse gases,and reducing those emissions requires making tough choices on diets,jobs and industries.Meanwhile,farmers are victims of the threat of climate change,with heat,droughts and floods worsened by the burning of fossil fuels,which makes food an extremely annoying climate problem to take on.
Svend Brodersen is an organic farmer,which means his options are more limited.“It’s a chance to show the rest of the world that farming doesn’t have to mean lots of pollution,” he said.“Without a tax,everyone will do the same tomorrow as they did yesterday.”
A bigger and more difficult dilemma still exists whether Denmark will continue to turn over so much of its land to farm animals.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了丹麦因养殖了大量的猪和牛而面临农业污染问题,农业已成为该国大气污染的最大来源。为应对公众压力,丹麦政府决定对牲畜排放的甲烷气体征收打嗝和粪便税。
1.Why did Denmark introduce the belch and manure tax
A.To urge people to eat less meat.
B.To boost the government’s income.
C.To promote the development of farming.
D.To lessen air pollution linked to agriculture.
答案　D
解析　[推理判断题。第一段最后一句介绍了丹麦是世界上首个征收打嗝和粪便税的国家。第二段“That’s because there are five times as many pigs and cows... under intense public pressure to reduce it.”解释了丹麦征收打嗝和粪便税的原因:丹麦的猪和牛的数量是人口的五倍,近三分之二的土地被农业占用。农业正在成为大气污染的最大来源,这使立法者面临着减少污染的巨大公众压力。由此可知,丹麦征收打嗝和粪便税是为了减少与农业相关的大气污染。故选D。]
2.What does the underlined word “expel” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Digest. B.Release.
C.Absorb. D.Consume.
答案　B
解析　[词义猜测题。画线词上文提到丹麦政府已经同意对使地球变暖的甲烷排放征税。结合第一段提到的丹麦征收打嗝和粪便税以应对与农业相关的大气污染问题可知,动物打嗝和排泄粪便会产生大量甲烷,因此画线词应意为“排出”,release的意思与其相近,故选B。]
3.What does paragraph 5 mainly focus on
A.The challenges of farmers.
B.The significance of the tax.
C.The restoration of peatlands.
D.The development of food system.
答案　B
解析　[段落大意题。根据第五段的“The tax is designed to clean up the country’s agricultural pollution... reduce pollution from farms.”可知,丹麦征收打嗝和粪便税的目的是减少农业污染,并逐步将部分农田恢复为自然状态。丹麦的这一举措也是许多农业大国进行反思的一部分,因为这些国家面临着减少农业污染的呼声。由此可知,本段主要强调的是征收打嗝和粪便税对治理农业污染,恢复农田以及对其他农业大国的借鉴意义。因此本段主要聚焦的是征收该税的意义。故选B。]
4.What do Brodersen’s words imply
A.The tax promises to benefit the local environment.
B.The tax can totally solve air pollution.
C.The tax will enlarge the organic food market.
D.The tax has nothing to do with pollution.
答案　A
解析　[推理判断题。根据题干关键词Brodersen将解题信息定位至倒数第二段。根据“It’s a chance to show the rest of the world that farming doesn’t have to mean lots of pollution”可知,Brodersen认为这是一个向世界其他地区展示农业不一定意味着大量污染的机会。由此可推知,他认为这个税收政策对降低丹麦的农业环境污染是有好处的,即让当地的环境受益,故选A。A项“这项税收会有利于当地环境”;B项“这项税收可以完全解决大气污染问题”;C项“这项税收将扩大有机食品市场”;D项“这项税收与污染无关”。]
(2026·合肥市高三第二次教学质量检测)
Precision agriculture is one of the most significant trends in modern farming.One particularly promising application involves the use of real-time imaging to visualize how tiny drops of liquid are forming on plant surfaces.Unlike conventional agriculture where farmers often rely on general estimates and uniform application of pesticides (杀虫剂) across the entire field,this technology helps farmers maximize productivity while minimizing inputs.
This development originated from the work of Vishnu Jayaprakash,who had some family exposure to the process of spraying (喷洒) crops and recognized that the main challenge in that process is how to make water-based sprays interact effectively with surfaces of plants.Several factors influence this process,including the pressure,flow and nozzle (喷嘴) design of the application device,and the temperature,sunlight intensity,wind and other conditions at the time of spraying.
To effectively address this issue,Jayaprakash developed a two-camera system that can be connected to typical spraying equipment and use imaging of the sprayed solution on the target plants to determine necessary adjustments for the best degree of coverage with appropriately sized tiny drops.The system can be used to make on-the-go adjustments in order to get the spray coverage “just right”.This allows farmers to use only 20%-30% of the product per acre (英亩) while maintaining key functions like pest control,fertilization,and growth regulation.
The advancement in precision agriculture is helping farmers reduce costs while maintaining crop protection.Susan Scheufele,an extension researcher at the University of Massachusetts,has conducted field trials with this technology on vegetable crops.In trials for cotton leaf removal,it has shown positive results even when used at 50% of the minimum recommended application rate on the product label.
The primary benefit of precision agriculture methods lies beyond cost savings.Despite the fact that this technology still has a long way to go,its adoption ensures that chemical remains in crops are well below harmful levels,safeguarding ecosystems and food safety.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了精准农业中利用实时成像技术来提高喷洒效率、降低成本以及对生态系统和食品安全的积极影响。
5.What can be learned about precision agriculture in paragraph 1
A.It visualizes plants more clearly.
B.It uses pesticides more accurately.
C.It continuously monitors plant growth.
D.It estimates the need of the entire field.
答案　B
解析　[推理判断题。根据第一段的“One particularly promising application...on plant surfaces.”可知,精准农业利用实时成像技术,来直观呈现微小的液滴是如何在植物表面形成的。再结合“Unlike conventional agriculture...productivity while minimizing inputs.”可知,传统农业中农民常常依赖于大致的估算,并在整块田地里均匀地喷洒杀虫剂,而精准农业能够帮助农民在将投入减至最低的同时实现产量最大化。由此可知,精准农业能够更精准地使用杀虫剂,故选B项。]
6.How does Jayaprakash’s two-camera system work
A.By guiding spraying equipment to target plant surfaces.
B.By calculating the precise amount of pesticide required.
C.By making real-time adjustments to enhance spray coverage.
D.By using imaging to closely monitor plant growth and health.
答案　C
解析　[细节理解题。根据第三段的“Jayaprakash developed a two-camera system...The system can be used to make on-the-go adjustments in order to get the spray coverage‘just right’.”可知,Jayaprakash 开发的双摄像头系统可以连接到典型的喷洒设备上,利用目标植物上喷洒溶液的成像来确定必要的调整,以获得最佳的覆盖程度,即该系统可以进行即时调整以使喷洒覆盖恰到好处,故选C项。]
7.Why does the author mention Susan Scheufele’s field trials
A.To analyze the responses of different crops.
B.To compare the application rates across crops.
C.To illustrate the effectiveness of the technology.
D.To highlight the limitations of traditional farming.
答案　C
解析　[写作目的题。根据第四段的“Susan Scheufele...application rate on the product label.”可知,棉花去叶试验表明,即使以产品标签上最低推荐施用率的50%使用,也显示出了积极的效果,由此可知,作者提到Susan Scheufele进行的田间试验是在说明精准农业能帮助农民降低成本并保护作物,即这项技术的有效性,故选C项。]
8.What is the author’s attitude toward precision agriculture
A.Intolerant. B.Doubtful.
C.Unclear. D.Approving.
答案　D
解析　[观点态度题。根据最后一段的“Despite the fact...safeguarding ecosystems and food safety.”以及上文对精准农业在提高效率、降低成本等方面的描述可知,虽然这项技术还有很长的路要走,但作者认为它能确保作物中的化学残留远低于有害水平,保护生态系统和食品安全,对精准农业持赞成的态度,故选D项。]
(2026·长沙市新高考适应性考试)
Decades of increasing corn and soya bean production have turned Brazil into an agricultural powerhouse,which also led to the destruction of the Amazon rainforest.That has long put farmers and environmentalists in disagreement.But a study released in October by the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) and Rainforest Foundation Norway (RFN)shows the extent to which deforestation is hurting farmers too.
The report shows that the practice of clear-cutting in the Brazilian Amazon led to reduced crop production,resulting in total economic losses of about $1 billion between 2006 and 2019.The net revenues(收入) for soya beans dropped by 10% over that time,while corn revenues dropped by 20%.Anders Krogh,a specialist forest adviser at RFN,says these findings demonstrate the danger deforestation poses to global food security.
When ancient forests become rolling plains,a delicate balance of water cycle is disturbed.As trees breathe,they turn water into vapour(水蒸气),which goes on to form large,thick rain clouds,and has a cooling effect on the region.This recycling process also influences atmospheric circulation(循环),which plays a key role in temperature regulation in the Amazon basin.The effects are the severest in the most deforested regions.Less rain and hotter days mean smaller harvests and smaller revenues.
Preventing further deforestation in Brazil’s southern Amazon could slow the trend.Plus,reforesting could even change rainfall trends:the report concludes that if the Brazilian state of Pará were to reforest 55,000 km2 of farming land,the rain could come on average five days earlier,and up to 19 in some areas.For now,though,that seems like a tall order.Agricultural firms in Brazil tend to treat such reports and the researchers who produce them with doubt.The term “agri-phobic(农业恐惧)” is often used to describe scientists who criticize the country’s farming practices.At the grassroots level,despite the increasing costs of adapting to drier conditions,Brazilian farmers doubt the claims that lower production results from climate change or deforestation.
Britaldo Soares-Filho,a researcher at UFMG and the report’s lead author,hopes that concentrating on the financial effect of deforestation,rather than abstract modelling,can change farmers’ minds.Sustainable farming practices,he urges,are in the economic interests of agribusiness.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。森林的砍伐打破了水循环的平衡,导致农民收成的减少,重新造林会减少这一影响,但是农民对气候变化或森林砍伐导致产量下降的说法表示怀疑。
9.How does the author develop paragraph 2
A.By listing statistics.
B.By citing a saying.
C.By making an assumption.
D.By introducing a concept.
答案　A
解析　[写作手法题。根据第二段中的“about $1 billion between 2006 and 2019”“soya beans dropped by 10%”“corn revenues dropped by 20%”可知,该段是通过列举数据来展开段落的,故选A。A项“通过列出统计数据”;B项“通过引用一句谚语”;C项“通过一个假设”;D项“通过引入一个概念”。]
10.Which is close to the underlined idiom “a tall order” in meaning in paragraph 4
A.A hard nut. B.A big fish.
C.A helping hand. D.A red-letter day.
答案　A
解析　[词义猜测题。根据第四段内容可知,阻止巴西南部亚马孙森林的进一步砍伐可能会减缓这一趋势。此外,重新造林甚至可以改变降雨趋势。though表示转折,再根据画线词后一句可知,巴西的农业公司往往对这类报告及其撰写者持怀疑态度。所以可以推测此处是说那看起来像是一个棘手的问题。]
11.What does Britaldo Soares-Filho mean
A.Logging contributes to financial increase.
B.Abstract modelling makes a big difference.
C.Clear-cutting puts global food security in great danger.
D.Farmers should focus on the financial impact of deforestation.
答案　D
解析　[推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,Britaldo Soares-Filho希望通过关注森林砍伐的经济影响,而不是抽象的建模改变农民的观念。由此可以推断农民应该关注森林砍伐对经济的影响。]
12.What is the best title for the text
A.Deforestation:it boosts revenues
B.Water cycle:it disturbs agriculture
C.Climate change:it worsens rainforest
D.Reforesting:it relieves global warming
答案　A
解析　[标题归纳题。 整篇文章都是围绕砍伐森林所带来的一系列影响展开的。砍伐森林导致水循环的微妙平衡被破坏,影响大气环流,而大气环流在亚马孙流域的温度调节中起着关键作用,更少的雨水和更热的天气意味着更少的收成和更少的收入。想要缓解这一结果,需要重新造林,然而巴西农民们对此持怀疑态度。所以文章在讲砍伐森林看似增加了收入但其实带来了更大的危害,故A项“砍伐森林:它增加了收入 ”最能概括本文内容。B项“水循环:它扰乱了农业 ”;C项“气候变化:它使雨林恶化 ”;D项“重新造林:缓解全球变暖 ”。]
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
(2026·南昌市高三模拟测试)
If you’ve been feeling a little pale and dried out,imagine how your houseplants feel in winter.While the sun streams in through windows all summer long,during winter it’s all shadows and drafts.　1　. Here are the four ways you can make them happier.
Adjust the light.It’s not only that the sunlight is lower in the sky—it’s also available for fewer hours in the day.To guarantee your plants are getting enough light,you can try moving them closer to southern-facing windows.　2　. Plant lights can ensure that your plant gets enough light where it needs it.
Slow down the watering.I know that watering feels like the way in which we give plants love,but it is also the way in which we drown them.Too much water results in root rot.Ideally you want to water only so much that the soil is damp,but not wet,when you stick your finger in a few inches down.　3　.
Dust your leaves.If you love your plants,you’ll tend to their leaves by dusting them.Plants absorb nutrients from the air through their leaves.　4　. In this case,spray them with water and wipe them with a cloth.If you’re seeing leaf issues,such as all the leaves dropping,that can be a sign of over-or underwatering.
　5　.Your plants enjoy the same conditions as you do.They don’t enjoy hot or cold air,as either will dry them out.Each houseplant has specific needs,whether full sun,partial sun,partial shade or full shade,and you should keep their needs in mind when providing sun exposure through the day.
A.Avoid unfavorable factors
B.Create a welcoming environment
C.And their “tiny holes” can get blocked by dust
D.It should have time to dry out in between watering
E.As a result,your plants may be looking a little dull
F.But ultimately you may need some man-made assistance
G.You should be careful about watering the root,as it requires more water
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章指出冬季室内植物因光照、气流等因素会状态不佳,进而从光照、浇水、叶片清洁和环境营造等方面介绍了植物养护相关事项。
1.E　
解析 　[空前描述了整个夏天阳光能透过窗户照进室内,而冬天则满是阴影和气流,这是在说冬季室内环境不利于植物生长。空后句中的them代指plants,句子提到有四种可以让植物状态更好的方法。E选项“As a result,your plants may be looking a little dull”(所以,你的植物可能看起来有点黯淡)中的“As a result”承接上文对冬季环境的描述,说明这样的环境会导致植物状态不好,引出下文让植物状态更好的方法,符合语境。]
2.F　
解析 　[承上启下句。空前提到为保证植物获得足够的光照,可将其移至朝南窗户附近,空后说植物灯能确保植物在需要的地方获得足够光照。一种是自然光,一种是人造光,说明仅靠移动位置可能不够,还需要人工辅助(植物灯),空处应承上启下。F选项“But ultimately you may need some man-made assistance”(但最终你可能需要一些人工辅助)中的But表示转折,承接上文,“man-made assistance”指代下文的“Plant lights”,符合语境。]
3.D　
解析 　[该段主题是“Slow down the watering”(减少浇水),空前提到理想的浇水情况是当你把手指伸进土壤几英寸深时,土壤是潮湿的,而不是湿透的。D选项“It should have time to dry out in between watering”(在两次浇水之间它应该有时间变干)进一步说明了浇水的注意事项,符合“减少浇水”这一主题。]
4.C　
解析 　[承上启下句。该段主题是“Dust your leaves”(清洁叶片)。空前提到植物通过叶片从空气中吸收养分;空后提到在这种情况下,用水喷洒它们,然后用布擦拭。所以空处应该提到叶片有问题的情况。C选项“And their ‘tiny holes’ can get blocked by dust”(并且它们的“小孔”可能会被灰尘堵塞)解释了为什么要清洁叶片,与上文内容紧密相关,也与下文“In this case”相呼应,符合该段主题。]
5.B　
解析 　[段落主旨句。根据第二至四段的段落结构可判断,本空为最后一条建议,作段落主旨句,答案可以定位在A和B之间。空后提到植物喜欢的条件和人喜欢的一样,不喜欢冷热空气,每种室内植物都有特定的需求。所以本段与植物所需环境有关。B选项“Create a welcoming environment”(创造一个适宜的环境)统领下文内容,符合语境。]
二次精读
核心单词 A Para.1:elegant adj.漂亮雅致的,陈设讲究的,精美的　Para.3:emission n.排放物,散发物;(光、热、气等的)发出,射出,排放　Para.5:quest n.(长期的)寻求,探索,追求　Para.7:dilemma n.进退两难的境地,困境
B Para.1:conventional adj.传统的;依照惯例的,遵循习俗的　uniform adj.全部相同的,始终如一的 Para.4:conduct v.组织,安排,实施,执行　trial n.(对能力、质量、性能等的)试验,试用 Para.5:safeguard v.保护
C Para.2:practice n.通常的做法,惯例,常规;实践,实际行动 Para.3:delicate adj.需要小心处理的,微妙的
七选五 Para.1:draft n.穿堂风,通风气流,通风;草稿　Para.5:partial adj.部分的;偏袒的
核心短语 B Para.3:make adjustments作出调整
C Para.3:play a key role in...在……方面起着重要作用　Para.4:adapt to适应　result from...由……引起　Para.5:concentrate on专注于
七选五 Para.1:stream in流入,涌入　Para.4:tend to照料,照顾　wipe...with...用……擦拭…… Para.5:keep... in mind记住……
熟词生义 A share(Para.2)常用义:v.共享,共用,合用文章义:n.(某人拥有或应负担的)一份 例句:Everyone must accept their share of the blame.每个人都必须承担自己那份责任。
B address(Para.3)常用义:n.住址,地址,通信处　文章义:v.处理,设法解决 例句:Instead of avoiding difficulties,we should learn to address them directly,which is a sign of maturity. 我们不应逃避困难,而应学会直接处理它们,这是成熟的表现。
难句分析 C Plus, could even change rainfall trends:the report concludes that (if the Brazilian days earlier,and up to 19 in some areas).(Para.4) 译文:此外,重新造林甚至可以改变降雨趋势:该报告得出结论,如果巴西帕拉州在55 000平方公里的农田上重新造林,降雨可能平均提前5天到来,在某些地区可提前19天到来。(共161张PPT)
UNIT 5　WORKING THE LAND
选择性必修第一册
主题语境:对社会有突出贡献的人物 & 社会进步与人类文明
词句识记 体系构建
内
容
索
引
默写检测 盘点验收
核心突破 锤炼提升
能力考查 素养达标
读写培优 教考协同
课时作业
词句识记 体系构建
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.hybrid n. 杂交植(动)物;合成物;混合动力车
2.crisis n.(pl.crises) 危机;危急关头
3.conventional adj. 传统的;习惯的
4.pollinate vt. 授粉;传粉
5.domestic adj. 本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的
6.strain n. (动、植物的)系;品种;拉伤;压力
7.celebrity n. 名望;名誉;名人;名流
8.envision vt. 展望;想象
9.sorghum n. 高粱;高粱米
10.broom n. 扫把;扫帚;金雀花
11.urban adj. 城市的;都市的;城镇的
[敲黑板]反义词:rural adj.乡村的。
12.fertiliser (NAmE-izer) n. 肥料
13.alleviate vt. 减轻;缓解
14.organic adj. 有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的
15.pesticide n. 杀虫剂;除害药物
16.bacterium n.(pl.bacteria) 细菌
Ⅱ.核心单词
6.estimate vt. 估计;估价;估算
n. 估计;估算
7.comprise vt. 包括;包含;由……组成
8.generate vt. 产生;引起
9.leisure n. 闲暇;休闲;空闲
10.soil n. 泥土;土壤;国土;领土
vt. 弄脏
11.grain n. 谷物;谷粒;颗粒
12.vision n. 想象;视力;视野;影像
13.bomb n. 炸弹;彻底的失败
vt. 轰炸;对……投炸弹
14.tunnel n. 地下通道;地道;隧道
15.wheat n. 小麦;小麦籽
16.widespread adj. 分布广的;普遍的;广泛的
17.essential adj. 完全必要的;极其重要的
18.mineral n. 矿物;矿物质
19.grocery n. 食品杂货店;[pl.]食品杂货
20.instance n. 例子;实例;事例
21.aspect n. 方面;层面
Ⅲ.多义单词
①tackle the issue 解决这个问题
②tackle the situation calmly and carefully 冷静并小心地应对局面
③tackle the problem head-on 直面处理这个问题
2.boost vt.使增长;使兴旺 n.增长;提高;激励
①boost the school’s reputation 提升学校的声誉
②boost the team’s spirit 提高团队士气
③a boost in student participation 学生参与度的增加
①the yield of the farm 这块农田的产量
②the yield of the new method 新方法的产出
③yield fresh vegetables 出产新鲜蔬菜
④yield good returns 产生良好收益
⑤yield to the strong wind 屈服于强风
①a sweet flavour 甜美的味道
②the flavour of the painting 这幅画的特点
③the flavour of the region 该地区的特色
④flavour the cake with chocolate 用巧克力给蛋糕调味
①digest food 消化食物
②digest the main ideas 领会主要思想
③the digest of the news 新闻摘要
6.alternative n.可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的;非传统的
①a good alternative 良好替代方案
②alternative methods 可供替代的方法
③an alternative approach非传统的方法
①the root of the plant 植物的根部
②the root of the problem 问题的根源
③be rooted in poor planning 根源在于计划不周
Ⅳ.派生单词
1.devote vt.　　 把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于
devoted adj. 挚爱的;全心全意的;忠诚的
devotion n. 奉献;忠诚;挚爱
2.shortage n. 不足;缺少;短缺
short adj. 短的;矮的;缺乏的;简略的
shorten vt.& vi. 缩短
3.convince vt. 使相信;使确信;说服
convincing adj. 有说服力的;令人信服的
convinced adj. 确信的;坚信的
4.assumption n. 假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得
assume vt. 假定;设想;承担;假装
assuming conj. 假定;假设
5.expand vt.& vi. 扩大;增加
vt. 扩展;发展(业务)
expansion n. 扩大;扩张;扩充
6.consumption n. 消耗;消耗量;消费
consume vt. 消耗;消费;吃;喝
consumer n. 消费者;用户;客户
7.reality n. 现实;实际情况;事实
real adj. 真实的
realise vt. 实现;意识到
8.salty adj. 含盐的;咸的
salt n. 盐
9.extension n. 扩建部分;扩大;电话分机
extend vt. 伸开;展开;延伸
extensive adj. 广阔的;大规模的;广泛的
10.chemical adj. 与化学有关的;化学的
n. 化学制品;化学品
chemist n. 化学家;药剂师
chemically adv. 化学上地
chemistry n. 化学
11.nutrition n. 营养;滋养
nutritional adj. 营养(物)的
nutritious adj. 有营养的;营养丰富的
12.poverty n. 贫穷;贫困
poor adj. 贫穷的
poorly adv. 糟糕地
adj. 不适;不舒服
13.depth n. 向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)
deep adj. 深的
deeply adv. 深深地;强烈地
deepen vt. 加深;(使)变深
14.entirely adv. 全部地;完整地;完全地
entire adj. 全部的;完全的
Ⅴ.短语词块
(一)核心短语
1.fulfil one’s dreams 实现某人的梦想
2.devote...to 把……用于;献身;致力;专心
3.be comprised of 包括;包含;由……组成(或构成)
4.deep down 在内心深处;本质上;实际上
5.for instance 例如;比如
6.in turn 相应地;转而;依次;轮流;反过来
7.turn to 转向;求助于
8.focus on 关注
(二)主题词块
1.work the land 耕耘
2.pursue a career 追求职业
3.a serious shortage of food 食物严重短缺
4.tackle this crisis 解决这场危机
5.a life of leisure 悠闲的生活
6.care little for celebrity or money 不关心名利或金钱
7.make large donations to support agricultural research
捐赠巨资支持农业研究
8.be rich in nutrition 富有营养
Ⅵ.教材佳句
1.However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.(what引导主语从句)
然而,最让他担心的是,农民常常收成不好,有时甚至严重缺乏食物。
2.Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains,and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.(it作形式主语)
据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物,这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
3.Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy,one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.(given that引导状语从句)
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有,人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
4.Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground,making it ready for the next batch of crops.(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
种植不同的作物是因为他们把重要的矿物质带回土壤,使其为下一批作物生长做好准备。
5.Indeed,his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers,to whom he had devoted his life.(人物描写)
确实,他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。
构词法日积月累
名词后缀-th构成抽象名词,表示行为、性质、状态、情况 直接加th warm→warmth温暖　grow→growth成长
去掉尾字母e加th true→truth真理　 wide→width宽度
去掉中间字母e加th deep→depth深度
把ong改为eng再加th long→length长度　strong→strength力量
默写检测 盘点验收
Ⅰ.阅读单词
传统的;习惯的
本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的
名望;名誉;名人;名流
展望;想象
城市的;都市的;城镇的
Step One　写一写
1.conventional adj. __________________________
2.domestic adj. __________________________
3.celebrity n. __________________________
4.envision vt. __________________________
5.urban adj. __________________________
6.fertiliser (NAmE-izer) n. ___________________________
7.alleviate vt. ___________________________
8.organic adj. ___________________________
9.pesticide n. ___________________________
10.bacterium n.(pl.bacteria) ___________________________
肥料
减轻;缓解
有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的
杀虫剂;除害药物
细菌
Ⅱ.核心单词
tackle
attain
overcome
1.____________ vt.解决(难题);应付(局面);处理
2.____________ vt.(通常经过努力)获得;得到
3.____________ vt.(__________,__________) 克服;解决;战胜;使受巨大影响
4.____________ n.产量;输出;输出量 vt.(________,________)输出
5.____________ vt.估计;估价;估算 n.估计;估算
6.____________ n.闲暇;休闲;空闲
overcame
overcome
output
output
output
estimate
leisure
7.____________ n.泥土;土壤;国土;领土vt.弄脏
8.____________ n.想象;视力;视野;影像
9.____________ adj.分布广的;普遍的;广泛的
10.____________ vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会;领悟 n.摘要;文摘
11.____________ adj.完全必要的;极其重要的
12.____________ n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的
13.____________ n.根;根茎;根部;根源vt.根源在于vt.& vi.生根
14.____________ n.方面;层面
soil
vision
widespread
digest
essential
alternative
root
aspect
Ⅲ.派生单词
devote
devoted
devotion
short
shorten
shortage
1.____________ vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于→
____________ adj.挚爱的;全心全意的;忠诚的→
____________ n.奉献;忠诚;挚爱
2.____________ adj.短的;矮的;缺乏的;简略的→
____________ vt.& vi.缩短→
____________ n.不足;缺少;短缺
3.____________ vt.使相信;使确信;说服→
____________ adj.有说服力的;令人信服的→
____________ adj.确信的;坚信的
4.____________ vt.假定;设想;承担;假装→
____________ conj.假定;假设→
____________ n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得
5.____________ vt.& vi.扩大;增加 vt.扩展;发展(业务)→
____________ n.扩大;扩张;扩充
convince
convincing
convinced
assume
assuming
assumption
expand
expansion
6.____________ vt.消耗;消费;吃;喝→
____________ n.消费者;用户;客户→
____________ n.消耗;消耗量;消费
7.____________ adj.真实的→
____________ n.现实;实际情况;事实→
____________ vt.实现;意识到
8.____________ n.盐vt.(给食物)加盐→
____________ adj.含盐的;咸的
consume
consumer
consumption
real
reality
realise
salt
salty
9.____________ vt.伸开;展开;延伸→
____________ n.扩建部分;扩大;电话分机→
____________ adj.广阔的;大规模的;广泛的
10.____________ n.化学家;药剂师→
____________ adj.与化学有关的;化学的 n.化学制品;化学品→
____________ adv.化学上地→
____________ n.化学
extend
extension
extensive
chemist
chemical
chemically
chemistry
11.____________ n.营养;滋养→
____________ adj.营养(物)的→
____________ adj.有营养的;营养丰富的
12.____________ adj.贫穷的→
____________ adv.糟糕地 adj.不适;不舒服→
____________ n.贫穷;贫困
nutrition
nutritional
nutritious
poor
poorly
poverty
13.____________ adj.深的→
____________ adv.深深地;强烈地→
____________ vt.加深;(使)变深→
____________ n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)
deep
deeply
deepen
depth
Ⅳ.重点短语
be comprised of
deep down
devote...to
for instance
1.________________包括;包含;由……组成(或构成)
2.________________在内心深处;本质上;实际上
3.________________把……用于;献身;致力;专心
4.________________例如;比如
5.in turn ___________________________
6.turn to ___________________________
7.focus on ___________________________
8.fulfil one’s dreams ___________________________
相应地;转而;依次;轮流;反过来
转向;求助于
关注
实现某人的梦想
Ⅴ.教材佳句默写
1.However,_______________________________________________ was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
然而,最让他担心的是,农民常常收成不好,有时甚至严重缺乏食物。
what concerned him most
2.Today,_______________________________________________ about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains,and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.
据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物,这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
it is estimated that
3._________________________________________________________,one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有,人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy
Ⅰ.单词拼写
alternative
Step Two　练一练
1.Apart from what you have mentioned above,do you have any ____________(可供替代的) plan
2.With the development of science and technology,the house in the future will be smart and caring in many ____________(方面).
3.I ____________(估算) that the total cost of treatment will go from $9,000 to $12,500.
aspects
estimate
4.We have received ____________(广泛的) support for the new proposal and there is ample evidence showing that the new scheme is workable.
5.India a____________ independence from Britain in 1947 after a long struggle.
6.Water is e____________ for all known forms of life,without which nothing can survive and continue.
widespread
ttained
ssential
Ⅱ.用所给单词的正确形式填空
poverty
assume;deep;devote;extend;poor;real
1.In an ideal world there would be no __________and disease.
2.Her childhood dream became a ____________when she became a film star.
3.Bethune,a ________________friend of Chinese,____________ his life to helping Chinese.I really respect his ____________to medical work.
reality
devoted
devoted
devotion
4.A lot of people make the ____________that financial hardship only exists in the third world.
5.If you are in need of a deadline ____________,simply explain the situation to the professor.
6.We felt at home with her and were impressed with the ____________of her knowledge.
assumption
extension
depth
Ⅲ.用所给短语的正确形式填空(其中有两个多余短语)
is comprised of
deep down;devote...to;for instance;in turn;focus on;turn to;be comprised of
1.Keep up your courage,since life ______________joy and sadness.
2.She looks cold-hearted but ________________she is a very kind person and always helps those in need.
deep down
3.Everyone can make contributions to protecting our natural resources.________________,we can save lots of gas by riding a bike or walking instead of driving.
4.All in all,I’m in favour of organic farming.I hope more and more farmers will ________________organic farming in the future.
5.For one thing,not only does it help to build up our health,but it also helps us to learn more effectively ________________.
For instance
turn to
in turn
Ⅳ.教材佳句仿写
What impresses me most
1._______________________________________________is that my uncle will always motivate me to stick to my dream whenever I come across difficulties. (人物介绍;what引导主语从句)
给我印象最深的是,每当我遇到困难时,我的叔叔总会激励我坚持自己的梦想。
2.______________________________________________the population of the whole city is about one million. (情况介绍;it作形式主语)
据估计,全市人口大约有一百万。
3._______________________________________________, the children have done quite well.(given that引导状语从句)
考虑到剩下的时间不多了,孩子们已经做得相当好了。
It is estimated that
Given that there was little time left
Ⅴ.单元知识串记
rooted
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Passage 1
Our class is comprised of thirty students.Dreams 1.____________ (root) in our hearts,we work hard and devote ourselves to our studies all day.We 2.________________ (convince) that only if we spare no effort to work can we broaden our vision.But too much homework
are convinced
tends 3.___________ (generate) much strain and we will be overcome with anxiety when not 4.____________ (digest) what we are taught.However,we have alternative methods to alleviate our frustration.For instance,we can relax ourselves in leisure time.Besides,keeping a 5.____________ (nutrition) diet is also essential.
to generate
digesting
nutritious
Passage 2
The use of animals in the history enormously 1.____________ (expand) output and alleviated the need for humans to perform the heavy labour.With the technological development,the widespread use of machines has largely replaced animals in farm work,2.____________ (overcome) the problem of low output.Farm machinery has tackled the crisis of food 3.____________ (short),and greatly 4.____________ (boost) the yields.For instance,it 5.____________ (estimate) that one farmer on a cotton-picking machine can harvest as much in a day as 100 people working by hand.
expanded
overcoming
shortage
boosted
is estimated
核心突破 锤炼提升
No.1 夯实写作高频词汇
No.2 破解阅读障碍词汇
No.3 练透写作常用句式
1.devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于(常与介词to连用)(devoted adj.挚爱的;全心全意的;忠诚的 devotion n.奉献;忠诚;挚爱)
佳句背诵　
The doctor devotes all his time to saving people’s lives,winning respect from the country.(人物介绍)
这位医生毕生致力于挽救人们的生命,因而赢得了全国人民的尊重。
No.1　夯实写作高频词汇
以练促学　单句语法填空/句式升级
①Yuan Longping devoted ____________(he) to studying hybrid rice and he was respected by people all over the world.(人物介绍)
→________________________________________,Yuan Longping was respected by people all over the world.(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
→________________________________________,Yuan Longping was respected by people all over the world.(形容词短语作状语)
himself
Devoting himself to studying hybrid rice
Devoted to studying hybrid rice
用法归纳
·devote...to (doing) sth 把……奉献给;把……专注于;献身;致力
devote oneself to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事;献身于(做)某事
·be devoted to (doing) sth 专心于(做)某事;致力于(做)某事
教考衔接　语段训练
②Sun Yat-sen ______________________________________________.
Though he did not live to fully realize his vision,Sun is still remembered as a great politician.(人物介绍;2023·全国甲卷)
孙中山一生致力于改善和强大中国。虽然他在世时未能完全实现他的愿景,但仍然作为一位伟大的政治家被人们铭记。
devoted all his life to improving and strengthening China
2.convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服(convinced adj.确信的;坚信的 convincing adj.有说服力的;令人信服的)
佳句背诵　
My parents have always convinced me to challenge myself,for which I’m really grateful.
我的父母一直说服我去挑战自己,对此我非常感激。
以练促学　单句语法填空/同义句转换
①You need to convince them ____________your enthusiasm for the job.
②I ____________________(convince) that you like paper-cutting,so I’d like to invite you to visit the exhibition.
→________________________________________________, I’d like to invite you to visit the exhibition.(分词短语作状语)
of
am convinced
Convinced that you like paper-cutting
用法归纳
·convince sb of sth　　 使某人确信/明白某事
convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事
convince sb that... 使某人相信……
·be convinced (that...)/of...　 (某人)坚信……
教考衔接　单句写作
③After a long time,__________________________________________
and decide to join in the cross-country run.(动作描写;2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
经过很长时间,我终于说服了他接受挑战并决定参加越野赛。
I finally convinced him to take up the challenge
片段巩固
用devote;convince完成参加辩论队的续写片段
写作提示:莎拉致力于学业→朋友邀请加入辩论队→不确定自己是否能够同时兼顾→确信自己能够平衡时间→决定尝试一下
Sarah was always devoted to her studies.However,when her friend invited her to join the school’s debate team,she wasn’t sure if she could handle both.After some thought,Sarah convinced herself that she could balance her time and decided to give it a try.
3.assumption n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得(assume vt.假定;设想;承担;假装assuming conj.假定;假设)
佳句背诵　
We made an assumption that all guests would arrive on time.(动作描写)
我们初步预计所有宾客都将准时出席。
以练促学　单句语法填空/句式升级
①The teacher assumed the new student ________________(be) shy because he didn’t participate in class discussions during his first week.(人物描写)
②People assume that drinking Chinese tea can not only refresh ourselves but also strengthen our memory.
→_______________________________________________not only can drinking Chinese tea refresh ourselves but it can also strengthen our memory.(it作形式主语)
to be
It is generally assumed that
用法归纳
·on the assumption that... 假定……
make an assumption 作出主观推断
·assume sb/sth (to be)+adj./n. 假定/认为某人/某事(为)……
It is generally assumed that... 人们普遍认为……
·assuming (that)... 假设……
教考衔接　单句写作
③However,_________________________________________________
___________________________________, their full potential might not be realized.(建议信;2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
然而,假设他们被分配到了不同的小组,他们的潜力可能无法得到充分发挥。
on the assumption that/assuming that they are assigned
to different groups
4.alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的(alternatively adv.要不,或者)
佳句背诵　
The Internet also provides us with an alternative to communicating with others.(现象介绍)
互联网还为我们提供了一种与他人沟通的替代方式。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①I could come to your house,or _____________(alternative),we could meet in the town.
②After missing the last bus,___________________________________
in the rain.(动作描写)
错过最后一班公交车后,我们别无选择,只好在雨中步行回家。
alternatively
we had no alternative but to walk home
用法归纳
have no alternative but to do sth 别无选择只好做某事
an alternative to... ……的替代品
教考衔接　单句写作
③Firstly,shared bicycles have emerged as a symbol of urban mobility,____________________________________________________for short trips.(发言稿;2024·全国甲卷)
首先,共享单车已成为城市出行的象征,为短途出行提供了一种经济实惠且绿色的选择。
offering an affordable and green alternative
5.in turn相应地;转而;依次;轮流;反过来
佳句背诵　
In the past,it was our parents and teachers that helped us and in turn,we should give a helping hand from now on.(活动介绍;天津7月卷)
过去是父母和老师帮助了我们,反过来,我们也应该从现在开始帮助他们。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①They cleaned the house ____________turns,one sweeping the floors while the other dusted the furniture.
②________________________________________________________,
I was a little nervous.(心理描写)
当轮到我演讲的时候,我有点紧张。
by
When it was my turn to give a speech
用法归纳
by turns　　　　　　　　 轮流
take turns to do sth 轮流做某事
It is one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事
It turns/turned out that... 结果……
教考衔接　单句写作
③The children had worked hard._______________________________
__________when the popcorn was sold out quickly.(动作描写;新高考Ⅰ卷)
孩子们付出了很大的努力。事实证明,他们的努力得到了回报,爆米花很快就卖完了。
It turned out that their efforts paid
off
片段巩固
用assumption;alternative;in turn完成参加小组学习的续写片段
写作提示:起初,学生们认为参加补习班是唯一的方法→他们找到了另一种可供选择的方法——小组学习→这种可选择的方法相应地帮助他们更好地掌握难点科目
At first,the students made an assumption that taking extra classes was the only way.However,they found an alternative—studying in groups. This alternative,in turn,helped them grasp difficult subjects better.
Ⅰ.一词多义/熟词生义
C
No.2　破解阅读障碍词汇
1.digest
A.vt.消化　B.vt.理解;领会　C.n.摘要
①I only read this digest of the novel,so I don’t know the details._____
②I haven’t entirely digested what he said just now._____
③Within weeks,it had all been digested,and all that was left was pure water.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)_____
B
A
2.overcome
A.vt.克服;解决　B.vt.打败,战胜　C.vt.受到……的极大影响
①To everyone’s shock,in the final game Sweden easily overcame France._____
②His parents were overcome with great sorrow at his grandpa’s funeral._____
③In addition,their smile-to-life attitude even in such tough situations also inspired me to overcome any difficulties in life._____
B
C
A
3.flavour
A.n.味道　B.n.特点;特色　C.vt.给……调味
①French strawberries do not taste like cardboard.Instead,they explode in your mouth like little flavour bombs._____
②Mother flavours her custards with lemon extract._____
③This movie really catches the flavour of New York._____
A
C
B
4.root
A.n.根;根茎　B.n.根部　C.n.根源　D.vt.根源在于
①The roots of the old tree spread deep into the ground,providing stability even during strong winds._____
②The root of the problem lies in poor communication between team members._____
③We found the source of the leak at the root of the wall._____
④These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law.Instead,they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving.(2024·北京卷)_____
A
C
B
D
5.boost　vt.使增长;使兴旺　n.激励;增长;提高
Emily decided to boost① her math skills by practicing every day after school.This extra effort gave her a significant boost② in her test scores,and her confidence received a boost③ as well.Her teacher noticed the improvement and praised her hard work,which motivated her to keep going.
_______________________________________________
①vt.使增长;使兴旺 ②n.增长;提高 ③n.激励
6.yield　n.产量;产出vt.放弃,让出vi.屈服;让步
In the process of improving the yield① of crops,their team encountered numerous barriers,but they didn’t yield② to the difficulties and never yielded③ their goals.
_______________________________________________
7.alternative　n.可供选择的事物　adj.可供替代的,备选的;非传统的
Besides these alternative① proposals,there are no alternative② ones,so we have no alternative③ but to adopt one of them.
______________________________________________________
①n.产量;产出 ②vi.屈服;让步 ③vt.放弃,让出
①adj.非传统的 ②adj.可替代的,备选的 ③n.可供选择的事物
8.I don’t want you soiling your hands with this sort of work.___________
9.His play turned out to be a complete bomb,which made him extremely frustrated.____________
10.Everyone has his own characteristic value and dignity that has to be taken seriously in teaching activities.___________
vt.弄脏
n.彻底的失败
adj.独特的
写出下列黑体词的词性和含义
1.We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal,winter planting,and seed collection.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)___________
n.移除,清除
Ⅱ.构词法猜义
构 词 法 名词或形容词后缀-al表示“性质,状态”等
名词后缀-ment表示“行为动作的过程和结果”等
名词后缀-ship表示“身份,性质”等
2.Some are classic short stories,and some are new original works. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)___________
3.Since 1982,membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) ___________
4.Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of;leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions.(2024·北京卷)___________
5.Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)___________
adj.原创的
n.会员人数
n.领导地位
n.安排,筹划
句型公式:given that引导状语从句
课本原句:Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy,one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有,人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
佳句背诵　
Given that you are keen on the traditional Chinese festival,Dragon Boat Festival,I am writing to introduce it to you.(节日介绍)
鉴于您对中国的传统节日端午节非常感兴趣,我写信向您介绍一下这个节日。
No.3　练透写作常用句式
以练促学　单句写作
①________________________________________________________, he instantly seized the bike tightly and threw it towards the wolf with all his strength.(动作链)
考虑到没有人帮他,他立即抓牢自行车,用尽全力把它扔向了狼。
Given that there was nobody to help him
用法归纳
“given that”作连词,后接状语从句,意为“假如;考虑到;既然”。
教考衔接　单句写作
②_________________________________________________________, our school organized a cross-country running race last Sunday.(活动介绍;新高考Ⅰ卷)
考虑到我们学生需要更多的体育锻炼,我们学校上周日举行了一次越野赛跑。
Given that we students need more physical exercise
能力考查 素养达标
维度一　单元知识运用
1.The scientist is devoted to ____________(research) new methods for renewable energy.
2.I finally convinced my brother __________(join) the school’s soccer team after showing him how much fun it could be.
3.They planned the picnic on the ________________(assume) that the weather would be sunny.
researching
to join
assumption
4.When the car broke down,we had no alternative but ____________(walk) the rest of the way.
5.Her kindness inspired others,and they,____________ turn,spread kindness to others.
6.____________ surprised everyone was how quickly the project was completed.
7.____________ (give) that it was her first time cooking,the meal turned out to be delicious.
to walk
in
What
Given
维度二　单元知识拾遗
1.__________________________ (据估计) over 800 million people worldwide suffer from 2.__________________________ (食物短缺).3.____________________________________ (饥饿深深根植于贫困),which makes it difficult to 4.____________ (战胜).5.____________ (从本质上来说),6.________________________ (广泛的努力) are needed 7.____________________________________ (解决这一全球性危机).
It is estimated that
a shortage of food
Hunger is deeply rooted in poverty
overcome
Deep down
widespread efforts
to tackle this global crisis
维度三　单元话题写作(短文投稿——用英文讲中国故事)
根据提示,用本单元主题词汇或句式完成下面的写作
(2023·全国甲卷改编)你们学校正举办主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位中国优秀伟人为题写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:
1.人物简介及事迹;2.意义或启示。
1.________________________ (我坚信) Yuan Longping,known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”,is one of the most influential figures in China’s agricultural development.
I am convinced that
He 2.________________________________ (毕生致力于培育) high-yield rice varieties,which have greatly increased China’s food production and helped 3.________________ (缓解饥饿) in many developing countries.He was a person of high perseverance and determination.Faced with 4.____________________ (短缺) research funds and advanced research equipment,he didn’t give up but spared no effort to 5.____________________________ (逐个克服它们).Without his efforts,many people in the world might still stay in hunger.
devoted his entire life to developing
alleviate hunger
the shortage of
overcome them one by one
6.______________________________________________ (鉴于他已经实现了自己想要的;given that引导状语从句),many people might think he would have retired to 7.______________________ (悠闲的生活),but he didn’t.He kept on dreaming up and developing 8.____________________________________ (产量更高的品种) even in his later years,which serves as an inspiration to us all.
Given that he had achieved what he wanted
a life of leisure
strains with higher yields
读写培优 教考协同
Part Ⅰ　续写能力提升
Part Ⅱ　高考同源研探
Ⅰ.语料积累——动作细节描写:动“腿”
Part Ⅰ　续写能力提升
词 块 1.run into 跑进
2.step into 走进
3.rush out of 冲出
4.hurry to 匆忙赶到
5.get stuck in the hole 卡在洞里
6.shaky/trembling legs 颤抖的腿
7.with one’s legs wide apart 双腿叉开
词 块 8.drag one’s tired legs 拖着疲惫的腿
9.cross one’s legs 盘腿
10.drag one’s heavy legs 拖着沉重的双腿
11.run like the wind 飞奔
12.pace back and forth 踱来踱去
13.walk up and down restlessly 不安地走来走去
14.slide into bed 溜上床
Ⅱ.语料运用
(Ⅰ)补全句子
1.Daniel _______________________________________________and shuts the door angrily.(run)
丹尼尔跑进卧室,生气地关上了门。
2._________________________________________________________, I was surprised to see the same man I had met earlier.(step)
当我的英语老师走进教室时,我很惊讶地发现,他就是我之前遇到的那个人。
runs into his bedroom
When my English teacher stepped into the classroom
3._____________________________________________when I bumped into a girl literally.(run)
我正跑出教室的时候突然撞到了一个女孩。
4.I ________________________the school skateboarding club.(hurry)
我匆忙赶到学校滑板俱乐部。
5._______________________________________________. He couldn’t move.(get stuck)
他的腿卡在洞里了。他动弹不得。
I was running out of the classroom
hurried to
His legs got stuck in the hole
(Ⅱ)补全语段
dragged his tired legs
After the long day at school,Jake 1._________________________
(拖着他疲惫的腿;drag) as he walked home.Every step seemed heavier than the last.When he finally reached his house,he paused at the door, 2.____________________ (踱来踱去;pace),too restless to go inside.His mind was full of thoughts about the test he hadn’t done well in.Suddenly,his little sister jumped to her feet from the couch when she saw him.Jake managed a weak smile and 3._________________ (盘腿;cross) as he sat beside her.They talked for a while,and slowly,he began to relax.Later that night,Jake 4.__________________________ (溜上床;slide),feeling a bit more at ease.
pacing back and forth
crossed his legs
slid into bed
(2025·全国二卷阅读D)
Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food Mine does.Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa,where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time.
Part Ⅱ　高考同源研探
Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant,supermarket, and supply chain industries.From technological solutions to educational campaigns,food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing.But last month,one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way:It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away.
For two weeks in March,Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED,and served items like fried skate cartilage,a juice pulp burger,and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad.Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.
A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入),and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled.Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out.Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems,but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion.
It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage.Instead,all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving.Things like kale ribs,fish collars,rejected sweet potatoes,and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and,with the help of a number of good chefs,turned into excellent cuisine.
Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews,it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment;Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu.Nevertheless,it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability,and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.
真题再做
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了纽约一家餐厅的短期实验wastED,该餐厅用边角料食材制作美味佳肴,倡导减少食物浪费和物尽其用的可持续发展理念。
32.What can be inferred about the author’s early life
A.He witnessed food shortage. B.He enjoyed the local cuisine.
C.He donated food to Africans. D.He helped to cook at home.
√
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知,作者在南非长大,非洲有孩子挨饿是事实,由此可推知作者早年亲眼目睹过食物短缺现象。故选A。
33.Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment
A.To customize dishes for guests.
B.To make the public aware of food waste.
C.To test a food processing method.
D.To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.”可知,Blue Hill 餐厅进行这个实验是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。故选B。
34.What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A.Why the ingredients were used.
B.Which dishes were best liked.
C.What the dishes were made of.
D.Where the ingredients were bought.
√
解析　段落大意题。第五段首句否定垃圾食材的说法,随后列举羽衣甘蓝梗、鱼颈肉、淘汰的甘薯、黄瓜根部等非常规食材来说明菜品原料的构成。故选C。
35.What can we learn about wastED
A.It has ended as planned. B.It is creating new jobs.
C.It has regained popularity. D.It is criticized by top chefs.
√
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews,it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment;Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu.”可知,wastED 从一开始就是短期实验,Blue Hill 餐厅现已恢复常规菜单。由此推断,wastED 已按计划结束。故选A。
Step 1　理清行文脉络
童年经历
寻找减少浪费
wasted
餐厅的特
别尝试
餐馆浪
费严重
“废料”
并非是真
正的垃圾
wasted
的启发意义
Step 2　猜测障碍词汇(熟词生义/构词法)
1.Instead,all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving.______________
2.Nevertheless,it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability,and that...___________
n.切下的一块肉
v.处理
3.For two weeks in March,Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED... _______________
4.Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.___________
5.Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews,it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment...___________
v.重新命名,更名
adj.特制的
adj.短暂的
课 时 作 业
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共30分)
(2026·新疆维吾尔自治区高三适应性检测二)
Denmark,known for its fantastic fairy tales and elegant design studios,is about to become known for something more basic:the world’s first belch and manure tax(打嗝和粪便税).
That’s because there are five times as many pigs and cows in Denmark as there are people.Nearly two-thirds of its land is taken up by farming.And agriculture is becoming its largest share of air pollution,putting lawmakers under intense public pressure to reduce it.
So now,Denmark’s government has agreed to tax the planet-heating methane(甲烷) emissions that all those animals expel through their waste products,gas-passing and belching.The measure,under negotiation for years,was passed by the Danish Parliament in November 2024,making it the only such climate tax on livestock in the world.
“I think it’s good,” said Rasmus Angelsnes,thirty-one,who was shopping for dinner in Copenhagen one recent afternoon.“It’s a slight motivation to make different choices,maybe more climate-friendly choices.”
The tax is designed to clean up the country’s agricultural pollution and eventually restore some farmland to its natural form,like peatlands(泥炭地). Denmark’s quest is also part of a reflection for many agricultural powerhouses,as these countries face calls to reduce pollution from farms.Globally,the food system accounts for 25% of greenhouse gases,and reducing those emissions requires making tough choices on diets,jobs and industries.Meanwhile,farmers are victims of the threat of climate change,with heat,droughts and floods worsened by the burning of fossil fuels,which makes food an extremely annoying climate problem to take on.
Svend Brodersen is an organic farmer,which means his options are more limited.“It’s a chance to show the rest of the world that farming doesn’t have to mean lots of pollution,” he said.“Without a tax,everyone will do the same tomorrow as they did yesterday.”
A bigger and more difficult dilemma still exists whether Denmark will continue to turn over so much of its land to farm animals.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了丹麦因养殖了大量的猪和牛而面临农业污染问题,农业已成为该国大气污染的最大来源。为应对公众压力,丹麦政府决定对牲畜排放的甲烷气体征收打嗝和粪便税。
1.Why did Denmark introduce the belch and manure tax
A.To urge people to eat less meat.
B.To boost the government’s income.
C.To promote the development of farming.
D.To lessen air pollution linked to agriculture.
√
解析　推理判断题。第一段最后一句介绍了丹麦是世界上首个征收打嗝和粪便税的国家。第二段“That’s because there are five times as many pigs and cows... under intense public pressure to reduce it.”解释了丹麦征收打嗝和粪便税的原因:丹麦的猪和牛的数量是人口的五倍,近三分之二的土地被农业占用。农业正在成为大气污染的最大来源,这使立法者面临着减少污染的巨大公众压力。由此可知,丹麦征收打嗝和粪便税是为了减少与农业相关的大气污染。故选D。
2.What does the underlined word “expel” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Digest. B.Release.
C.Absorb. D.Consume.
√
解析　词义猜测题。画线词上文提到丹麦政府已经同意对使地球变暖的甲烷排放征税。结合第一段提到的丹麦征收打嗝和粪便税以应对与农业相关的大气污染问题可知,动物打嗝和排泄粪便会产生大量甲烷,因此画线词应意为“排出”,release的意思与其相近,故选B。
3.What does paragraph 5 mainly focus on
A.The challenges of farmers.
B.The significance of the tax.
C.The restoration of peatlands.
D.The development of food system.
√
解析　段落大意题。根据第五段的“The tax is designed to clean up the country’s agricultural pollution... reduce pollution from farms.”可知,丹麦征收打嗝和粪便税的目的是减少农业污染,并逐步将部分农田恢复为自然状态。丹麦的这一举措也是许多农业大国进行反思的一部分,因为这些国家面临着减少农业污染的呼声。由此可知,本段主要强调的是征收打嗝和粪便税对治理农业污染,恢复农田以及对其他农业大国的借鉴意义。因此本段主要聚焦的是征收该税的意义。故选B。
4.What do Brodersen’s words imply
A.The tax promises to benefit the local environment.
B.The tax can totally solve air pollution.
C.The tax will enlarge the organic food market.
D.The tax has nothing to do with pollution.
√
解析　推理判断题。根据题干关键词Brodersen将解题信息定位至倒数第二段。根据“It’s a chance to show the rest of the world that farming doesn’t have to mean lots of pollution”可知,Brodersen认为这是一个向世界其他地区展示农业不一定意味着大量污染的机会。由此可推知,他认为这个税收政策对降低丹麦的农业环境污染是有好处的,即让当地的环境受益,故选A。A项“这项税收会有利于当地环境”;B项“这项税收可以完全解决大气污染问题”;C项“这项税收将扩大有机食品市场”;D项“这项税收与污染无关”。
(2026·合肥市高三第二次教学质量检测)
Precision agriculture is one of the most significant trends in modern farming.One particularly promising application involves the use of real-time imaging to visualize how tiny drops of liquid are forming on plant surfaces.Unlike conventional agriculture where farmers often rely on general estimates and uniform application of pesticides (杀虫剂) across the entire field,this technology helps farmers maximize productivity while minimizing inputs.
This development originated from the work of Vishnu Jayaprakash,who had some family exposure to the process of spraying (喷洒) crops and recognized that the main challenge in that process is how to make water-based sprays interact effectively with surfaces of plants.Several factors influence this process,including the pressure,flow and nozzle (喷嘴) design of the application device,and the temperature,sunlight intensity,wind and other conditions at the time of spraying.
To effectively address this issue,Jayaprakash developed a two-camera system that can be connected to typical spraying equipment and use imaging of the sprayed solution on the target plants to determine necessary adjustments for the best degree of coverage with appropriately sized tiny drops.The system can be used to make on-the-go adjustments in order to get the spray coverage “just right”.This allows farmers to use only 20%-30% of the product per acre (英亩) while maintaining key functions like pest control,fertilization,and growth regulation.
The advancement in precision agriculture is helping farmers reduce costs while maintaining crop protection.Susan Scheufele,an extension researcher at the University of Massachusetts,has conducted field trials with this technology on vegetable crops.In trials for cotton leaf removal,it has shown positive results even when used at 50% of the minimum recommended application rate on the product label.
The primary benefit of precision agriculture methods lies beyond cost savings.Despite the fact that this technology still has a long way to go,its adoption ensures that chemical remains in crops are well below harmful levels,safeguarding ecosystems and food safety.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了精准农业中利用实时成像技术来提高喷洒效率、降低成本以及对生态系统和食品安全的积极影响。
5.What can be learned about precision agriculture in paragraph 1
A.It visualizes plants more clearly.
B.It uses pesticides more accurately.
C.It continuously monitors plant growth.
D.It estimates the need of the entire field.
√
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段的“One particularly promising application...on plant surfaces.”可知,精准农业利用实时成像技术,来直观呈现微小的液滴是如何在植物表面形成的。再结合“Unlike conventional agriculture...productivity while minimizing inputs.”可知,传统农业中农民常常依赖于大致的估算,并在整块田地里均匀地喷洒杀虫剂,而精准农业能够帮助农民在将投入减至最低的同时实现产量最大化。由此可知,精准农业能够更精准地使用杀虫剂,故选B项。
6.How does Jayaprakash’s two-camera system work
A.By guiding spraying equipment to target plant surfaces.
B.By calculating the precise amount of pesticide required.
C.By making real-time adjustments to enhance spray coverage.
D.By using imaging to closely monitor plant growth and health.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“Jayaprakash developed a two-camera system...The system can be used to make on-the-go adjustments in order to get the spray coverage‘just right’.”可知,Jayaprakash 开发的双摄像头系统可以连接到典型的喷洒设备上,利用目标植物上喷洒溶液的成像来确定必要的调整,以获得最佳的覆盖程度,即该系统可以进行即时调整以使喷洒覆盖恰到好处,故选C项。
7.Why does the author mention Susan Scheufele’s field trials
A.To analyze the responses of different crops.
B.To compare the application rates across crops.
C.To illustrate the effectiveness of the technology.
D.To highlight the limitations of traditional farming.
√
解析　写作目的题。根据第四段的“Susan Scheufele...application rate on the product label.”可知,棉花去叶试验表明,即使以产品标签上最低推荐施用率的50%使用,也显示出了积极的效果,由此可知,作者提到Susan Scheufele进行的田间试验是在说明精准农业能帮助农民降低成本并保护作物,即这项技术的有效性,故选C项。
8.What is the author’s attitude toward precision agriculture
A.Intolerant. B.Doubtful.
C.Unclear. D.Approving.
√
解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段的“Despite the fact...safeguarding ecosystems and food safety.”以及上文对精准农业在提高效率、降低成本等方面的描述可知,虽然这项技术还有很长的路要走,但作者认为它能确保作物中的化学残留远低于有害水平,保护生态系统和食品安全,对精准农业持赞成的态度,故选D项。
(2026·长沙市新高考适应性考试)
Decades of increasing corn and soya bean production have turned Brazil into an agricultural powerhouse,which also led to the destruction of the Amazon rainforest.That has long put farmers and environmentalists in disagreement.But a study released in October by the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) and Rainforest Foundation Norway (RFN)shows the extent to which deforestation is hurting farmers too.
The report shows that the practice of clear-cutting in the Brazilian Amazon led to reduced crop production,resulting in total economic losses of about $1 billion between 2006 and 2019.The net revenues(收入) for soya beans dropped by 10% over that time,while corn revenues dropped by 20%.Anders Krogh,a specialist forest adviser at RFN,says these findings demonstrate the danger deforestation poses to global food security.
When ancient forests become rolling plains,a delicate balance of water cycle is disturbed.As trees breathe,they turn water into vapour(水蒸气),which goes on to form large,thick rain clouds,and has a cooling effect on the region.This recycling process also influences atmospheric circulation(循环),which plays a key role in temperature regulation in the Amazon basin.The effects are the severest in the most deforested regions.Less rain and hotter days mean smaller harvests and smaller revenues.
Preventing further deforestation in Brazil’s southern Amazon could slow the trend.Plus,reforesting could even change rainfall trends:the report concludes that if the Brazilian state of Pará were to reforest 55,000 km2 of farming land,the rain could come on average five days earlier,and up to 19 in some areas.For now,though,that seems like a tall order.Agricultural firms in Brazil tend to treat such reports and the researchers who produce them with doubt.The term “agri-phobic(农业恐惧)” is often used to describe scientists who criticize the country’s farming practices.At the grassroots level,despite the increasing costs of adapting to drier conditions,Brazilian farmers doubt the claims that lower production results from climate change or deforestation.
Britaldo Soares-Filho,a researcher at UFMG and the report’s lead author,hopes that concentrating on the financial effect of deforestation,rather than abstract modelling,can change farmers’ minds.Sustainable farming practices,he urges,are in the economic interests of agribusiness.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。森林的砍伐打破了水循环的平衡,导致农民收成的减少,重新造林会减少这一影响,但是农民对气候变化或森林砍伐导致产量下降的说法表示怀疑。
9.How does the author develop paragraph 2
A.By listing statistics. B.By citing a saying.
C.By making an assumption. D.By introducing a concept.
√
解析　写作手法题。根据第二段中的“about $1 billion between 2006 and 2019”“soya beans dropped by 10%”“corn revenues dropped by 20%”可知,该段是通过列举数据来展开段落的,故选A。A项“通过列出统计数据”;B项“通过引用一句谚语”;C项“通过一个假设”;D项“通过引入一个概念”。
10.Which is close to the underlined idiom “a tall order” in meaning in paragraph 4
A.A hard nut. B.A big fish.
C.A helping hand. D.A red-letter day.
√
解析　词义猜测题。根据第四段内容可知,阻止巴西南部亚马孙森林的进一步砍伐可能会减缓这一趋势。此外,重新造林甚至可以改变降雨趋势。though表示转折,再根据画线词后一句可知,巴西的农业公司往往对这类报告及其撰写者持怀疑态度。所以可以推测此处是说那看起来像是一个棘手的问题。
11.What does Britaldo Soares-Filho mean
A.Logging contributes to financial increase.
B.Abstract modelling makes a big difference.
C.Clear-cutting puts global food security in great danger.
D.Farmers should focus on the financial impact of deforestation.
√
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,Britaldo Soares-Filho希望通过关注森林砍伐的经济影响,而不是抽象的建模改变农民的观念。由此可以推断农民应该关注森林砍伐对经济的影响。
12.What is the best title for the text
A.Deforestation:it boosts revenues
B.Water cycle:it disturbs agriculture
C.Climate change:it worsens rainforest
D.Reforesting:it relieves global warming
√
解析　标题归纳题。 整篇文章都是围绕砍伐森林所带来的一系列影响展开的。砍伐森林导致水循环的微妙平衡被破坏,影响大气环流,而大气环流在亚马孙流域的温度调节中起着关键作用,更少的雨水和更热的天气意味着更少的收成和更少的收入。想要缓解这一结果,需要重新造林,然而巴西农民们对此持怀疑态度。所以文章在讲砍伐森林看似增加了收入但其实带来了更大的危害,故A项“砍伐森林:它增加了收入 ”最能概括本文内容。B项“水循环:它扰乱了农业 ”;C项“气候变化:它使雨林恶化 ”;D项“重新造林:缓解全球变暖 ”。
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
(2026·南昌市高三模拟测试)
If you’ve been feeling a little pale and dried out,imagine how your houseplants feel in winter.While the sun streams in through windows all summer long,during winter it’s all shadows and drafts.　1　. Here are the four ways you can make them happier.
Adjust the light.It’s not only that the sunlight is lower in the sky—it’s also available for fewer hours in the day.To guarantee your plants are getting enough light,you can try moving them closer to southern-facing windows.　2　. Plant lights can ensure that your plant gets enough light where it needs it.
Slow down the watering.I know that watering feels like the way in which we give plants love,but it is also the way in which we drown them.Too much water results in root rot.Ideally you want to water only so much that the soil is damp,but not wet,when you stick your finger in a few inches down.　3　.
Dust your leaves.If you love your plants,you’ll tend to their leaves by dusting them.Plants absorb nutrients from the air through their leaves.　4　. In this case,spray them with water and wipe them with a cloth.If you’re seeing leaf issues,such as all the leaves dropping,that can be a sign of over-or underwatering.
　5　.Your plants enjoy the same conditions as you do.They don’t enjoy hot or cold air,as either will dry them out.Each houseplant has specific needs,whether full sun,partial sun,partial shade or full shade,and you should keep their needs in mind when providing sun exposure through the day.
A.Avoid unfavorable factors
B.Create a welcoming environment
C.And their “tiny holes” can get blocked by dust
D.It should have time to dry out in between watering
E.As a result,your plants may be looking a little dull
F.But ultimately you may need some man-made assistance
G.You should be careful about watering the root,as it requires more water
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章指出冬季室内植物因光照、气流等因素会状态不佳,进而从光照、浇水、叶片清洁和环境营造等方面介绍了植物养护相关事项。
1.E　[空前描述了整个夏天阳光能透过窗户照进室内,而冬天则满是阴影和气流,这是在说冬季室内环境不利于植物生长。空后句中的them代指plants,句子提到有四种可以让植物状态更好的方法。E选项“As a result,your plants may be looking a little dull”(所以,你的植物可能看起来有点黯淡)中的“As a result”承接上文对冬季环境的描述,说明这样的环境会导致植物状态不好,引出下文让植物状态更好的方法,符合语境。]
2.F　[承上启下句。空前提到为保证植物获得足够的光照,可将其移至朝南窗户附近,空后说植物灯能确保植物在需要的地方获得足够光照。一种是自然光,一种是人造光,说明仅靠移动位置可能不够,还需要人工辅助(植物灯),空处应承上启下。F选项“But ultimately you may need some man-made assistance”(但最终你可能需要一些人工辅助)中的But表示转折,承接上文,“man-made assistance”指代下文的“Plant lights”,符合语境。]
3.D　[该段主题是“Slow down the watering”(减少浇水),空前提到理想的浇水情况是当你把手指伸进土壤几英寸深时,土壤是潮湿的,而不是湿透的。D选项“It should have time to dry out in between watering”(在两次浇水之间它应该有时间变干)进一步说明了浇水的注意事项,符合“减少浇水”这一主题。]
4.C　[承上启下句。该段主题是“Dust your leaves”(清洁叶片)。空前提到植物通过叶片从空气中吸收养分;空后提到在这种情况下,用水喷洒它们,然后用布擦拭。所以空处应该提到叶片有问题的情况。C选项“And their ‘tiny holes’ can get blocked by dust”(并且它们的“小孔”可能会被灰尘堵塞)解释了为什么要清洁叶片,与上文内容紧密相关,也与下文“In this case”相呼应,符合该段主题。]
5.B　[段落主旨句。根据第二至四段的段落结构可判断,本空为最后一条建议,作段落主旨句,答案可以定位在A和B之间。空后提到植物喜欢的条件和人喜欢的一样,不喜欢冷热空气,每种室内植物都有特定的需求。所以本段与植物所需环境有关。B选项“Create a welcoming environment”(创造一个适宜的环境)统领下文内容,符合语境。]
二次精读
核心单词 A Para.1:elegant adj.漂亮雅致的,陈设讲究的,精美的　Para.3:emission n.排放物,散发物;(光、热、气等的)发出,射出,排放　Para.5:quest n. (长期的)寻求,探索,追求　Para.7:dilemma n.进退两难的境地,困境
B Para.1:conventional adj.传统的;依照惯例的,遵循习俗的　uniform adj.全部相同的,始终如一的 Para.4:conduct v.组织,安排,实施,执行　trial n.(对能力、质量、性能等的)试验,试用 Para.5:safeguard v.保护
C Para.2:practice n.通常的做法,惯例,常规;实践,实际行动
Para.3:delicate adj.需要小心处理的,微妙的
七选五 Para.1:draft n.穿堂风,通风气流,通风;草稿　Para.5:partial adj.部分的;偏袒的
核心短语 B Para.3:make adjustments作出调整
C Para.3:play a key role in...在……方面起着重要作用　Para.4:adapt to适应　result from...由……引起　Para.5:concentrate on专注于
七选五 Para.1:stream in流入,涌入　Para.4:tend to照料,照顾　wipe...with...用……擦拭……
Para.5:keep... in mind记住……
熟词生义 A share(Para.2)常用义:v.共享,共用,合用文章义:n.(某人拥有或应负担的)一份
例句:Everyone must accept their share of the blame.每个人都必须承担自己那份责任。
B address(Para.3)常用义:n.住址,地址,通信处　文章义:v.处理,设法解决
例句:Instead of avoiding difficulties,we should learn to address them directly,which is a sign of maturity.
我们不应逃避困难,而应学会直接处理它们,这是成熟的表现。
难句分析 C
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