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沪教版七年级英语下册 Unit 3 Trees and us 知识清单
一、单元主题与目标
主题范畴：人与自然 —— 树木的重要性与环境保护
核心问题：为什么树木对我们很重要？
学习目标：能够谈论树木的重要性，描述树木的作用，提出保护树木的方法
二、核心词汇
1. 名词（树木及其组成部分）
英文 中文 英文 中文
tree 树；树木 branch 树枝
root 根；根茎 leaf (pl. leaves) 叶子
trunk 树干 forest 森林
wood 木；木头 furniture （可移动的）家具
oxygen 氧；氧气 product 产品；制品
species 种；物种 side 一面
hole 洞；孔；坑 stick 棍；条
environment 自然环境 human 人；人类
2. 形容词
英文 中文 英文 中文
silent 不说话的；沉默的 convenient 便利的；方便的
important 重要的 useful 有用的
necessary 必要的；必需的 fresh 新鲜的
clean 干净的 harmful 有害的
wooden 木质的 environmental 环境的
3. 动词
英文 中文 英文 中文
create 创造 overlook 忽略；未注意到
treat 以……态度对待 communicate 交流；沟通
borrow 借；借用 dig 掘（地）；挖（洞）
spread 传播 provide 提供
produce 生产；产生 protect 保护
absorb 吸收 harm 伤害；损害
save 拯救；节约 pollute 污染
reuse 重复利用 recycle 回收利用
4. 其他核心词汇
英文 中文 英文 中文
knowledge 知识；学问 character 文字
translation 译文；译本 accident 意外；偶然的事
culture 文化 legend 传说
5. 词性转换
词性 单词 转换形式
形容词→名词 silent silence (n. 沉默)
形容词→副词 silent silently (adv. 沉默地)
动词→名词 create creation (n. 创造)；creator (n. 创造者)
动词→形容词 create creative (adj. 有创造力的)
动词→名词 communicate communication (n. 交流)
动词→名词 produce production (n. 生产)
名词→形容词 wood wooden (adj. 木质的)
名词→形容词 accident accidental (adj. 意外的)
形容词→副词 accidental accidentally (adv. 意外地)
名词→形容词 knowledge knowledgeable (adj. 知识渊博的)
三、重点短语
1. 树木的作用与重要性
英文 中文
take in 吸收；摄入
produce oxygen 产生氧气
greenhouse gases 温室气体
create a clean environment 创造洁净的环境
provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物
provide sth. for/to sb. 向某人提供某物
make our lives more convenient 使我们的生活更方便
be important for 对……重要
be good for 对……有好处
a safe place for...to live ……生活的安全场所
2. 树木制品
英文 中文
be made of 由……制成（看得出原材料）
be made from 由……制成（看不出原材料）
come from 来自
be made of wood 由木材制成
forest-friendly products 森林友好型产品
3. 保护树木
英文 中文
cut down 砍倒；砍伐
cut down forests 砍伐森林
call on sb. to do sth. 号召某人做某事
stop cutting down trees 停止砍伐树木
protect trees 保护树木
save the planet 拯救地球
harm trees 伤害树木
do harm to 对……有害
write/print on both sides 双面书写/打印
reuse paper 重复使用纸张
borrow...from... 从……借入
4. 其他重要短语
英文 中文
to begin with 首先；第一点
look around 环视；环顾
in fact 事实上；实际上
for example 例如
according to 据……所说；按……所报道
by accident 偶然；意外地
communicate with 与……沟通
ask each other for help 互相求助
date back to 追溯到
spread across 传遍
四、重点句型
1. 描述树木的存在与普遍性
From the deepest forests to our towns and cities, trees are all around us.
从最深的森林到我们的城镇和城市，树木无处不在。
We share our world with trees. 我们与树木共享这个世界。
2. 描述树木的重要性
To begin with, forests are a safe place for animals, insects, and plants to live.
首先，森林是动物、昆虫和植物生活的安全场所。
Trees are also good for us humans because they take in greenhouse gases like CO and produce oxygen.
树木对我们人类也有好处，因为它们会吸收二氧化碳等温室气体并产生氧气。
This means they help create a clean environment for everyone on this planet.
这意味着它们有助于为地球上的每个人创造一个干净的环境。
3. 描述树木对人类生活的贡献
Trees make our lives more convenient. 树木使我们的生活更加方便。
Just look around your room. A lot of the furniture is made of wood.
看看你的房间，很多家具都是木头做的。
Trees also provide us with delicious fruit and wonderful drinks.
树木也为我们提供了美味的水果和很棒的饮料。
4. 表达树木与人类的关系
They are our silent friends, but we often overlook them.
它们是我们的无声朋友，但我们常常忽视它们。
Trees do so much for us. We can’t imagine a world without them.
树木为我们做了很多。我们无法想象没有它们的世界。
5. 描述对树木的威胁
However, humans are not treating trees in a kind way. 然而，人类并没有善待树木。
We are cutting down forests all around the world. 我们正在砍伐世界各地的森林。
We are polluting the water and the air, and this harms trees.
我们正在污染水和空气，这损害了树木。
6. 呼吁保护树木
We need to do more to protect trees and save our planet. 我们需要做更多的事情来保护树木和拯救我们的星球。
五、语法知识：现在进行时（The Present Continuous Tense）
1. 定义与用法
用法 说明 例句
表示此刻正在进行的动作 说话瞬间正在发生 I am doing my homework now.
表示现阶段正在进行的动作 当前一段时间内持续，但此刻未必进行 He is writing a report on trees these days.
表示按计划将要发生的动作 用于go, come, leave等位移动词 We are leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.
2. 常用时间状语
时间状语 例句
now / right now I am reading a book now.
at the moment She is cooking at the moment.
these days We are planting trees these days.
Look! / Listen! Look! The bird is singing.
Be quiet! Be quiet! The baby is sleeping.
3. 谓语结构
句型 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + 现在分词 I am writing. He is running.
否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + 现在分词 She is not (isn’t) sleeping.
一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 现在分词 Are you listening to me
特殊疑问句 疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 现在分词 What are you doing
4. 现在分词（-ing形式）的构成规则
情况 变化规则 例词
一般情况 直接加 -ing work → working, play → playing
以不发音的-e结尾 去e加 -ing write → writing, take → taking
以 ie 结尾 变 ie 为 y，再加 -ing lie → lying, die → dying
重读闭音节结尾（辅-元-辅结构） 双写末尾辅音字母，再加 -ing run → running, swim → swimming, put → putting, begin → beginning
5. 不用进行时的动词（状态动词）
以下动词通常不用于现在进行时，而用一般现在时：
类别 常用动词
感官动词 see, hear, smell, taste, feel
情感/喜好 like, love, hate, prefer
认知/观点 know, believe, understand, think, remember, forget
所属关系 have (有), belong to, own
存在状态 be, seem, appear, look (看起来)
对比：
√ I know the answer. (知道是一种认知状态，不用进行时)
X I am knowing the answer.
√ She likes this poem. (喜好是常态)
X She is liking this poem.
例外：如果have表示“举行、度过、吃饭”等动作含义，可以用进行时：
√ They are having a meeting now. (举行会议)
√ She is having dinner. (吃饭)
6. 易错提醒
错误用法 正确用法 说明
I am wanting to go. I want to go. want 不用进行时
She is knowing the truth. She knows the truth. know 不用进行时
He is being tall. He is tall. be 描述特征不用进行时
They are having a car. They have a car. have 表“拥有”时不用进行时
六、重点词汇用法详解
1. provide 的用法
搭配 结构 例句
provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物 Trees provide us with oxygen.
provide sth. for/to sb. 向某人提供某物 Trees provide oxygen for us.
注意：provide 强调“提供所需之物”，与offer（主动提出）、supply（供应）有细微差别。
2. be made of vs. be made from
短语 含义 区分 例句
be made of 由…制成 看得出原材料 The desk is made of wood. (能看出是木头)
be made from 由…制成 看不出原材料 Paper is made from wood. (已看不出木头形态)
3. take in 的用法
含义 例句
吸收（气体/液体） Trees take in CO and produce oxygen.
收留；收容 The kind family took in the homeless dog.
理解；领会 It was hard to take in all the information.
4. cut down 的用法
含义 例句
砍倒（树木） People cut down too many trees.
减少（数量/开支） We should cut down the use of paper.
注意：接名词时可放在down前后均可，接代词时必须放在中间：cut it down (√) / cut down it (X)
5. communicate 的用法
搭配 含义 例句
communicate with sb. 与某人交流 Trees can communicate with each other.
communicate sth. to sb. 把某事传达给某人 She communicated her ideas to the team.
6. call on 的用法
搭配 含义 例句
call on sb. to do sth. 号召某人做某事 Let’s call on people to save trees.
call on sb. 拜访某人 I will call on my teacher tomorrow.
7. by accident 的用法
含义：偶然；意外地（相当于 accidentally）
反义词：on purpose (故意地)
例句：According to a legend, Shennong discovered tea by accident.
8. according to 的用法
含义：根据；据……所说
注意：不能与 in my opinion 混用，according to 引述他人观点
例句：According to the report, trees can warn each other of danger.
七、话题写作指导
1. 话题词汇
树木的作用：provide, produce oxygen, take in, create a clean environment, make our lives convenient
树木制品：be made of wood, furniture, paper, come from trees
保护树木：protect, save, plant trees, reuse paper, cut down, call on
2. 常用句型
Trees are important to us because...
To begin with, trees can...
Trees also provide us with...
We can’t imagine a world without trees.
However, humans are not treating trees well.
We need to do more to protect trees.
Let’s call on people to...
3. 写作范例
Why Are Trees Important
Trees are our silent friends, but we often overlook them. In fact, they are very important to us.
To begin with, forests are a safe place for animals and plants to live. Trees also provide us with many things in our daily life. A lot of furniture is made of wood, and paper comes from trees as well. Besides, trees take in greenhouse gases and produce oxygen. This helps create a clean environment for everyone.
However, humans are not treating trees in a kind way. We are cutting down too many forests and polluting the air and water. We need to do more to protect trees and save our planet. Let’s call on people to plant more trees and stop wasting paper!沪教版七年级英语下册 Unit 4 Our animal friends 知识清单
一、单元主题与目标
主题范畴：人与自然 —— 动物与人类的关系
核心内容：讲述动物帮助人类的故事，探讨动物如何成为人类的朋友和帮手
学习目标：能够讲述动物帮助人类的故事，描述人与动物之间的关系，理解动物对人类的重要性
二、核心词汇
1. 名词（动物与人物）
英文 中文 英文 中文
dolphin 海豚 hen 母鸡
shark 鲨鱼 pet 宠物
service 服务 receptionist 接待员
fireman (pl. firemen) 消防队员 smoke 烟
disaster 灾难；灾害 guest 旅客；房客
honey 蜂蜜 material 材料；原料
source 来源；出处 effort 艰难的尝试；试图
wool （羊等的）毛 group 组；班
type 类型；种类 search-and-rescue 搜索救援
courage 勇气 relationship 关系
2. 形容词
英文 中文 英文 中文
blind 瞎的；失明的 asleep 睡着的
scared 害怕；恐惧 grey 灰色的
extinct 已灭绝的 loyal 忠诚的
brave 勇敢的 gentle 温和的
3. 动词
英文 中文 英文 中文
allow 允许进入（或出去、通过） apologize 道歉
guard 守卫；保卫 transport 运输；运送
survive 生存；存活 scare 使害怕
rescue 营救；救援 describe 描述
4. 副词
英文 中文 英文 中文
probably 很可能；大概 somewhere 在某处；到某处
sometime 在某时 either 也（用于否定句句末）
5. 词性转换
词性 单词 转换形式
形容词→副词 blind blindly (adv. 盲目地)
形容词→名词 blind blindness (n. 失明)
动词→形容词 scare scared (adj. 害怕的) / scary (adj. 恐怖的)
动词→名词 apologize apology (n. 道歉)
动词→名词 serve service (n. 服务)
形容词→名词 safe safety (n. 安全)
动词→名词 lead leader (n. 领袖；领导)
形容词→副词 probably probable (adj. 很可能的)
三、重点短语
1. 动物与人的关系
英文 中文
animal friends 动物朋友
wild animals 野生动物
be friendly to 对……友好
make friends with 和……交朋友
take care of / look after 照顾；照料
play with 和……一起玩
2. 导盲犬故事相关短语
英文 中文
get around by oneself 独自走动
lead sb. to ... 带某人到……
fall asleep 入睡；睡着
wake up 醒来
start barking 开始吠叫
get down on the floor 趴在地板上
put sth. along the bottom of the door 沿着门底部塞某物
get sb. out of ... 把某人带出……
with one’s help / with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下
3. 火灾情景短语
英文 中文
smell smoke 闻到烟味
fire engine 消防车
stop the smoke 阻止烟雾
put out the fire 灭火
save one’s life 救某人的命
4. 禁止与允许
英文 中文
allow pets 允许带宠物
allow doing sth. 允许做某事
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事
5. 动物驯化相关短语
英文 中文
used to be 曾经是
turn into 变成
provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物
thousands of 数以千计的
thanks to 多亏；由于
6. 其他重要短语
英文 中文
in danger 处于危险中
protect animals 保护动物
lose one’s home 失去家园
in the end 最后；最终
before long 不久以后
apologize to sb. 向某人道歉
either ... or ... 要么……要么……
四、重点句型
1. 描述动物的重要性
Animals are our friends. 动物是我们的朋友。
Dogs were among the first animals to be domesticated. 狗是最早被驯化的动物之一。
They provide people with meat and wool, and became an important source.
它们为人们提供肉类和羊毛，成为重要的资源。
2. 描述盲人与导盲犬的关系
I’m blind, and it’s hard for me to get around by myself. 我是盲人，很难一个人走动。
I need him to show me where to go. 我需要他给我领路。
Charlie isn’t a pet. He’s my eyes. 查理不是宠物，他是我的眼睛。
3. 描述火灾逃生情景
John woke up and smelt smoke. A fire! 约翰醒来，闻到了烟味。着火了！
Smoke started to come in from under the door. 烟开始从门底下进来。
Their room was on the eighth floor, so they couldn’t climb out of the window.
他们的房间在八楼，所以他们无法从窗户爬出去。
They had to do something to stop the smoke. 他们必须做点什么来阻止这些烟。
Then he heard it — the sound of a fire engine. It was music to his ears.
然后他听到了——消防车的声音。这对他来说是天籁之音。
4. 描述救援
When he found John, he quickly helped him get up and tried to get him out of the building. 当他找到约翰时，他迅速帮助他站起来，并试图把他带出大楼。
John would not go without his eyes. 约翰没有他的眼睛（指导盲犬）不会走。
Finally, the fireman got both John and Charlie out of the building safely.
最后，消防员把约翰和查理都安全地救出了大楼。
5. 描述禁止与允许
You’re welcome to stay, but we don’t allow pets here.
欢迎入住，但我们不允许把宠物带进这里。
We don’t allow pets in this hotel. 我们酒店不允许带宠物。
The receptionist apologized and led John and Charlie to their room.
接待员道歉了，并把约翰和查理带到他们的房间。
五、语法知识
（一）方位介词（Prepositions of Position）
常用方位介词表示人或物的位置，后面一般紧跟名词或代词。
介词 含义 例句
at 在某一点/小地点 Let’s meet at the school gate.
in 在……里面/大地点 She works in Beijing.
on 在……上面（接触表面） My phone is on the desk.
above 在……上方（不接触） The plane flew above the clouds.
below 在……下方 The temperature is below zero.
over 在……正上方 There is a bridge over the river.
under 在……正下方 My shoes are under the bed.
behind 在……后面 There’s a garden behind the house.
in front of 在……前面（外部） A car stopped in front of the gate.
in the front of 在……前部（内部） The teacher stands in the front of the classroom.
beside / next to 在……旁边 The bank is next to the hospital.
between 在两者之间 She sits between Tom and Jerry.
among 在三者或以上之间 Divide the cake among the three children.
inside 在……里面 What’s inside the box
outside 在……外面 He is waiting outside the room.
（二）反身代词（Reflexive Pronouns）
1. 反身代词一览表
人称 单数 复数
第一人称 myself (我自己) ourselves (我们自己)
第二人称 yourself (你自己) yourselves (你们自己)
第三人称 himself / herself / itself themselves (他/她们自己)
2. 用法
用法 说明 例句
作宾语 动作的发出者和承受者为同一人 I hurt myself when playing football.
作同位语 加强语气，意为“亲自” She herself made the cake.
固定短语 构成固定搭配 Help yourself to some fish.
3. 常见固定短语
短语 含义
enjoy oneself 玩得开心
teach oneself / learn by oneself 自学
do sth. by oneself 独自做某事
help oneself to ... 随意吃……
say to oneself 自言自语
look after oneself 照顾自己
dress oneself 自己穿衣
hurt oneself 弄伤自己
例句：
I can do my homework by myself.
Help yourselves to some fruit, children.
The little boy can dress himself now.
（三）一般过去时复习
本单元重点复习一般过去时的用法。
用法 例句
表示过去某个时间发生的动作 The story took place at night in a hotel.
表示过去存在的状态 The receptionist apologized and led John to their room.
表示过去连续发生的动作 He went to bed and soon fell asleep.
常见时间状语：last night, yesterday, long ago, just now, in the past, one night, at that time
六、重点词汇用法详解
1. allow 的用法
结构 含义 例句
allow sth. 允许某事/某物 We don’t allow pets here.
allow doing sth. 允许做某事 The school doesn’t allow smoking.
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 The receptionist allowed him to stay.
be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事 I am allowed to go out on weekends.
【注意】：allow 常用于被动语态，表示“被允许做某事”。
2. asleep / sleep / sleepy 辨析
单词 词性 含义 用法 例句
asleep adj. 睡着的 作表语，强调状态 He fell asleep quickly.
sleep v./n. 睡觉 动作或名词 I need to get more sleep.
sleepy adj. 困倦的 作定语或表语 I feel sleepy now.
【搭配】：
fall asleep 入睡
go to sleep 去睡觉
3. either 的用法
用法 含义 例句
either (adv.) 也（用于否定句句末） I don’t like coffee. I don’t like tea, either.
either (pron.) 两者中的任一个 You can take either of the books.
either ... or ... 要么……要么…… Either you or he is wrong.
【辨析】：too / also / either
单词 用法 位置
too 肯定句，“也” 句末
also 肯定句，“也” 实义动词前，be/助/情后
either 否定句，“也” 句末
4. happen 的用法
结构 含义 例句
sth. + happen 某物/某事发生 What happened
happen to sb. 某人发生某事 Something scary happened to Sam.
happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 I happened to meet her in the street.
5. scare / scared / scary 辨析
单词 词性 含义 用法 例句
scare v. 使害怕 动词 The loud noise scared me.
scared adj. 感到害怕的 修饰人 I’m scared of snakes.
scary adj. 令人害怕的 修饰物/事 What a scary story!
6. used to be 的用法
结构 含义 例句
used to be + n./adj. 曾经是…… Sheep used to be wild animals.
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 We used to play together.
【辨析】：
used to do：过去常常（现在不做了）
be used to doing：习惯于做某事
七、话题写作指导
1. 话题词汇
动物品质：loyal, brave, smart, gentle, friendly, helpful
人与动物关系：take care of, play with, save one’s life, help each other, close relationship
故事叙述：one night, suddenly, in the end, with one’s help
2. 常用句型
...is my animal friend.
He/She helps me in many ways.
One day / One night, something happened.
With the help of ..., ...
In the end, ...
I am thankful to ...
3. 写作范例
My Animal Friend
I have a dog named Lucky. He is my best friend and a loyal partner. He is smart and brave.
One night, I fell asleep as usual. Suddenly, Lucky started barking loudly. I woke up and smelt something strange — a fire! Smoke started to come in from under the door. I was scared, but Lucky stayed calm. With his help, I put wet clothes along the bottom of the door and waited for help.
Before long, the firemen arrived and got us out of the building safely. Lucky saved my life. He is not just a pet. He is a family member and my hero.

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