沪教版七年级下册Unit 5-Unit 6 知识清单

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沪教版七年级下册Unit 5-Unit 6 知识清单

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沪教版七年级英语下册 Unit 5 Water is life 知识清单
一、单元主题与目标
主题范畴:人与自然 —— 水资源的重要性与保护
核心内容:以拟人化故事《The journey of a drop of water》讲述水的循环旅程,探讨水的重要性及节约用水的方法
学习目标:能够描述水的自然循环过程,用数量词描述水资源,运用祈使句提出节水建议
二、核心词汇
1. 名词(水与相关事物)
英文 中文 英文 中文
water 水 life 生命;生活
tap 水龙头 drop 滴;水珠
pipe 管道 reservoir 水库
cloud 云 voice 说话声
bath 洗澡;浴缸 form 类型;形态
journey (尤指长途)旅行 salt 盐
brain 脑 population 人口
agriculture 农业 trade 贸易;买卖
industry 工业 role 作用
goods 商品;货品 income 收入
business 生意 duty 责任;义务
2. 形容词
英文 中文 英文 中文
everyday 每天的;日常的 dirty 脏的
fresh 新鲜的 pure 纯净的
salty 含盐的 public 公共的
global 全球的 valuable 宝贵的
3. 动词
英文 中文 英文 中文
save 节约;拯救 waste 浪费
pollute 污染 protect 保护
flow 流动 fix 修理
rush 迅速移动 return 回去;返回
4. 副词
英文 中文 英文 中文
eventually 最后;终于 everywhere 到处
nearly 几乎;差不多 overseas 在国外;向海外
5. 词性转换
词性 单词 转换形式
形容词→名词 important importance (n. 重要性)
形容词→名词 necessary necessity (n. 必要性)
动词→名词 pollute pollution (n. 污染)
动词→形容词 pollute polluted (adj. 被污染的)
形容词→副词 eventual eventually (adv. 最后;终于)
形容词→名词 thirsty thirst (n. 口渴)
名词→形容词 globe global (adj. 全球的)
名词→形容词 agriculture agricultural (adj. 农业的)
6. 易混词辨析
everyday vs. every day
单词 词性 含义 用法 例句
everyday 形容词 日常的 修饰名词 Everyday English is important.
every day 副词短语 每天 作时间状语 I exercise every day.
三、重点短语
1. 水滴旅程与自然过程
英文 中文
a drop of water 一滴水
turn off the tap 关掉水龙头
turn on the tap 打开水龙头
look around 环顾四周
come from 来自
a few days ago 几天前
cool down 冷却
fall into 掉进;陷入
end up in 最后到达(某地)
add...to... 把……加入……
at once 马上;立刻
travel through 穿过
return to 回到
2. 节水与水污染类
英文 中文
save water 节约用水
waste water 浪费水
pollute water 污染水
protect water resources 保护水资源
run out of 用完;耗尽
short of water 缺水
fix the tap 修理水龙头
clean up 清理
collect rainwater 收集雨水
3. 数量描述类
英文 中文
a lot of 许多(可数/不可数)
a little 一点(不可数,肯定)
a few 几个(可数,肯定)
much 许多(不可数,否/疑)
many 许多(可数,否/疑)
enough 足够的
no 没有
4. 其他重要短语
英文 中文
take a shower 洗淋浴
take a bath 洗澡
depend on 依赖
play a role in 在……中起作用
make sure 确保
have access to 有权使用
四、重点句型
1. 课文原句(水滴的旅程)
“Turn that tap off,” said an angry voice suddenly. “You’re wasting water!”
“关上水龙头,”一个愤怒的声音突然说道,“你在浪费水!”
Do you know where I come from 你知道我来自哪里吗?
When the cloud cooled down, it started raining. 云冷却下来,开始下雨了。
I fell into a river and eventually ended up in a reservoir.
我落入一条河里,最终到了一个水库里。
People cleaned me and added some chemicals to me.
人们给我清洗干净,还给我加了一些化学物质。
Then I’ll go into a river, and after that, I’ll return to the sea again.
然后我进入一条河,之后我再回到海里。
Remember not to waste or pollute me. I’m valuable.
记住不要浪费或污染我。我很有价值。
2. 描述水的重要性
Water is life. 水是生命。
All life depends on water. 所有生命都依赖水。
Water plays an important role in our lives. 水在我们的生活中起着重要作用。
We can’t live without water in our daily lives. 我们的日常生活离不开水。
3. 描述水循环
Water falls from the clouds as rain. 水从云中落下形成雨。
Then it runs into rivers and flows into the sea. 然后它流入河流,汇入大海。
Finally, it rises back to the sky. 最后,它蒸发回到天空。
4. 提出节水建议
Remember not to waste or pollute me. 记住不要浪费或污染我。
Please turn off the tap after washing your hands. 洗手后请关掉水龙头。
Don’t forget to turn off the tap. 别忘了关水龙头。
We can save water by fixing dripping taps. 我们可以通过修理滴水的水龙头来节约用水。
五、语法知识
(一)可数名词与不可数名词
1. 分类
类别 定义 例子
可数名词 可以计数的名词 tap, pipe, drop, bottle, onion, orange
不可数名词 不能计数的名词 water, beef, juice, sugar, oil, pollution
2. 可数名词的用法
单数:前面可用 a/an,或 the
复数:后面加 -s/-es,可用 many, a few, several 修饰
例句:
I need an apple.
There are many taps in this building.
3. 不可数名词的用法
不能用 a/an 修饰
不能直接加 -s 变复数
量化方式:使用量词短语,如 a glass of water, a drop of water, a piece of advice
例句:
Water is precious.
I drink a glass of milk every day.
(二)数量表达词
1. a lot of / much / many / a little / a few / enough / no
表达 修饰名词类型 含义 常用句式
a lot of 可数/不可数 许多 肯定句
much 不可数 许多 否定句/疑问句
many 可数 许多 否定句/疑问句
a little 不可数 一点 肯定句
a few 可数 几个 肯定句
enough 可数/不可数 足够的 肯定/否定/疑问句
no 可数/不可数 没有 肯定句(表完全否定)
例句:
There is a lot of water in the ocean.(大量水)
We don’t have much fresh water on Earth.(没有太多淡水)
There is a little milk left in the bottle.(还剩一点)
There are a few apples on the table.(有几个苹果)
Do we have enough water to drink (足够的水吗?)
There is no water in the cup.(杯子里没有水)
(三)疑问词 How many 与 How much
疑问词 用法 后接 例句
How many 询问可数名词的数量 可数名词复数 How many bottles of water do we need
How much 询问不可数名词的数量或价格 不可数名词 How much water do we need / How much is it
注意:
回答 How many 用具体数字或 many/a few
回答 How much(数量)用具体量或 much/a little
回答 How much(价格)用具体金额
(四)祈使句
1. 定义与功能
祈使句用于表达命令、请求、建议、劝告或号召,通常省略主语(默认主语为“你/你们”),以动词原形开头,句末用句号或感叹号。
2. 基本结构
类型 结构 例句
肯定祈使句 动词原形 + 其他 Close the door. / Be quiet.
否定祈使句 Don’t + 动词原形 + 其他 Don’t waste water. / Don’t be late.
委婉祈使句 Please + 动词原形 / 动词原形 + please Please sit down. / Pass me the salt, please.
Let’s 祈使句 Let’s + 动词原形 Let’s save water together!
3. 单元应用例句
Turn off the tap when brushing your teeth.(命令/建议)
Don’t leave the tap running.(否定祈使句)
Please fix the dripping tap.(委婉请求)
Let’s protect our water resources.(号召行动)
(五)一般现在时与现在进行时复习
时态 用法 例句
一般现在时 客观事实、习惯性动作 Water falls from the clouds as rain.
现在进行时 正在进行的动作 Du Yun is brushing her teeth.
(六)情态动词 Should 与 Must
情态动词 语气 含义 例句
should 委婉 应该(建议/劝告) You should drink more water every day.
shouldn’t 委婉 不应该 You shouldn’t waste water.
must 强烈 必须(义务/必要性) We must save water.
mustn’t 强烈 禁止 You mustn’t pollute the river.
六、重点词汇用法详解
1. save 的用法
含义 例句
节约 We should save water.
拯救 The fireman saved the boy’s life.
保存 Please save the file before closing.
2. waste 的用法
词性 含义 用法 例句
动词 浪费 waste + 名词 Don’t waste water.
名词 浪费;垃圾 a waste of... It’s a waste of time.
3. pollute / pollution 辨析
单词 词性 例句
pollute 动词 Factories pollute the river.
pollution 名词(不可数) Water pollution is a serious problem.
polluted 形容词 We can’t drink polluted water.
4. a little / a few 辨析
表达 修饰 含义 例句
a little 不可数名词 有一点(肯定) There is a little water left.
a few 可数名词复数 有几个(肯定) There are a few bottles.
注意:little / few 表示“几乎没有”,是否定含义。
5. enough 的位置
位置规则 例句
enough + 名词(形容词在前) Do we have enough water
形容词 + enough(副词在后) The water is clean enough to drink.
6. end up in / end up with 辨析
表达 含义 例句
end up in + 地点 最终到达某地 I ended up in a reservoir.
end up with + 结果 以……告终 We ended up with no water.
七、话题写作指导
1. 话题词汇
类别 词汇
水的重要性 important, necessary, essential, valuable, play a role in
节水行动 save, turn off, fix, reuse, collect, take a shower
问题描述 waste, pollute, run out of, short of, dirty
2. 常用句型
介绍重要性:
Water plays an important role in our daily lives.
We can’t live without water.
All life depends on water.
描述问题:
Some areas are short of water.
People are wasting and polluting water.
We will run out of water if we don’t save it.
提出建议:
We should save water in our everyday life.
Don’t forget to turn off the tap.
Let’s protect water resources together.
We can save water by fixing dripping taps.
3. 写作范例:How Can We Save Water
Water is life. We can’t live without water in our daily lives. However, some people are wasting and polluting water.
We should do something to save water. First, turn off the tap when you brush your teeth. Don’t leave the tap running. Second, fix the tap at once if it is dripping. Third, take a shower instead of a bath because a short shower uses less water. Finally, we can reuse water. For example, we can use the water from washing vegetables to water the flowers.
Remember, every drop of water is valuable. Let’s protect our water resources together!
八、写作思路建议
本单元的写作任务通常是说明文或倡议书,建议结构如下:
1. 点明主题(Water plays an important role in our lives.)
2. 举例说明(For example, we use water to drink, cook and clean.)
3. 提出问题(Some areas are short of water.)
4. 发出倡议(We should save water every day.)沪教版七年级英语下册 Unit 6 Electricity everywhere 知识清单
一、单元主题与目标
主题范畴:人与社会 —— 科学与技术
子主题:科学技术与工程,人类发明与创新
核心内容:通过日记《A switch-off weekend》讲述一家人体验无电周末的经历,探讨电的重要性及节约用电的方法
学习目标:能够谈论电的重要性,描述用电安全规则,运用情态动词表达义务、许可和能力
二、核心词汇
1. 名词(电与相关事物)
英文 中文 英文 中文
electricity 电;电能 power 电力;力量
energy 能量;能源 battery 电池
wire 电线 bulb 电灯泡
switch 开关 plug 插头
socket 插座 power station 发电站
task 任务 experience 经历;体验
candlelight 烛光 tablet 平板电脑
household task 家务活 safety 安全
2. 形容词
英文 中文 英文 中文
electrical 与电有关的 electric 电动的;用电的
electronic 电子的 useful 有用的
important 重要的 dangerous 危险的
safe 安全的 careful 小心的
careless 粗心的 renewable 可再生的
【辨析】electric / electrical / electronic
单词 含义 用法 例句
electric 电动的;带电的 具体电器 electric car, electric guitar
electrical 与电有关的 抽象概念/领域 electrical equipment, electrical engineering
electronic 电子的 电子设备 electronic device, electronic game
3. 动词
英文 中文 英文 中文
produce 生产;产生 generate 发电;产生
connect 连接 save 节约;拯救
waste 浪费 pollute 污染
touch 触摸 burn 燃烧;烫伤
hurt 伤害 allow 允许
apologize 道歉 imagine 想象
4. 副词/其他
英文 中文 英文 中文
everywhere 到处;处处 anywhere 任何地方
instead 代替;反而 especially 尤其;特别
safely 安全地 carefully 小心地
5. 词性转换
词性 单词 转换形式
名词→形容词 electricity electrical/electric/electronic (adj.)
形容词→名词 safe safety (n.)
形容词→副词 safe safely (adv.)
动词→名词 connect connection (n.)
动词→形容词 excite exciting (adj.)
名词→形容词 power powerful (adj.)
动词→名词 produce production (n.)
三、重点短语
1. 用电相关
英文 中文
use electricity 用电
produce electricity 发电
generate electricity 发电
save electricity 节约用电
waste electricity 浪费电
turn on / switch on 打开(电器)
turn off / switch off 关掉(电器)
plug in 插上插头
unplug 拔下插头
run out of battery 电池耗尽
2. 无电周末相关(来自课文)
英文 中文
a switch-off weekend 断电的周末
for a while 一会儿
after a while 过了一会儿
by candlelight 用烛光
go bad 变质;变坏
even worse 更糟糕的是
by hand 用手工
go on a bike trip 骑自行车旅行
in the countryside 在乡村
under the stars 在星空下
3. 安全用电
英文 中文
safety rules 安全规则
be careful with 小心对待
stay away from 远离
touch the wire 触碰电线
wet hands 湿手
be dangerous to do sth. 做某事很危险
follow the rules 遵守规则
4. 其他重要短语
英文 中文
have something in common 有共同之处
at the speed of 以……的速度
at a high speed 高速
run out of 用完;耗尽(主语为人)
connect A to/with B 连接A和B
care about 关心;在乎
care for 照顾;喜欢
the amount of ……的数量(+不可数名词)
a large amount of 大量的(+不可数名词)
四、重点句型
1. 课文原句(A switch-off weekend)
Last week, our science teacher, Mrs Brown, taught us about electricity and how important it is. 上周,我们的科学老师布朗夫人教我们关于电以及它的重要性。
Our family thought it sounded interesting, so we decided to do it together.
我们家觉得这听起来很有趣,所以我们决定一起去做。
However, it turned out that it was very hard to live without electricity.
然而,事实证明,没有电的生活是非常困难的。
After it got dark, my little brother Benny and I could only read and write by candlelight. 天黑后,我和弟弟本尼只能在烛光下读写。
Instead, we played video games for a while, but then our tablet ran out of battery.
相反,我们玩了一段时间的电子游戏,但后来平板电脑没电了。
Since there wasn't any electricity, some things in the fridge quickly went bad.
由于没有电,冰箱里的一些东西很快就坏了。
Even worse, most household tasks became very difficult without electricity.
更糟糕的是,没有电,大多数家务活都变得非常困难。
For example, we had to wash all our clothes by hand, and this took us a lot of time. 例如,我们必须用手洗所有的衣服,这花了很多时间。
This was a really interesting experience, but I cannot imagine living without electricity for more than a few days.
这是一次非常有趣的经历,但我无法想象在没有电的情况下生活超过几天。
2. 描述电的重要性
Electricity is everywhere. 电无处不在。
Electricity is very useful and it is important for our modern life.
电非常有用,它对我们的现代生活至关重要。
Electricity makes our daily life more convenient. 电使我们的日常生活更加便利。
3. 安全用电警示
It's dangerous to touch the electric wire with wet hands.
用湿手触碰电线是很危险的。
Please be careful with electricity and don't play with it at home.
请小心用电,不要在家里玩电。
Don't leave the fridge open for a long time, because it will waste a lot of electricity. 不要让冰箱长时间开着,因为这会浪费很多电。
五、语法知识:情态动词 can, may, must
1. 定义与特征
情态动词表示说话人的语气或态度,如能力、许可、义务、推测等。情态动词有以下特征:
不能独立作谓语,必须后跟动词原形
没有人称和数的变化(主语是he/she/it时也不加-s)
否定形式直接在后面加 not
核心结构:情态动词 + 动词原形
2. can / cannot (can't)
用法 含义 例句
表示能力 能;会 I can produce electricity by rubbing a ruler.
表示许可(非正式) 可以 Can I borrow your ruler, please
表示可能性 可能(用于疑问/否定) Can it be true It can't be Lily's bag.
注意:
否定形式:cannot(正式)/ can't(缩写)
一般疑问句:将 can 提到主语前
过去式:could(表示过去的能力)
例句:
We can't see electricity, but we can feel it.
Can you tell me what you know about electricity
3. may / may not
用法 含义 例句
请求许可(正式/礼貌) 可以 May I try to produce electricity
给予/拒绝许可 可以/不可以 You may use my ruler.
表示推测 可能;也许 These robots may save the world.
注意:
may not 语气较温和,意为“不可以”,不等于“禁止”
might 是 may 的过去式,也可表比 may 更弱的推测
回答 May I... 的问句:
肯定回答:Yes, you may. / Yes, please.
否定回答:No, you can't. / No, you mustn't.
辨析 may not vs. must not:
表达 语气 含义
may not 委婉 不可以(许可被拒绝)
must not 强烈 禁止;绝对不可以
4. must / must not (mustn't)
用法 含义 例句
表示义务/必要性 必须 We must follow the safety rules.
表示强烈禁止 禁止;不准 You must not touch the wires.
表示肯定推测 一定;准是 There must be someone in the room.
注意:
must not 缩写为 mustn't,表示“绝对禁止”,语气最强
must 没有过去式,可用 had to 表示过去“必须”
must 引导的一般疑问句:
肯定回答:Yes, you must.
否定回答:No, you needn't / don't have to.
5. 情态动词对比表
情态动词 能力 许可 义务/必须 推测/可能
can/can't (非正式) (否定/疑问)
may/may not (正式/礼貌)
must/mustn't (肯定推测)
6. 常见错误提醒
错误用法 正确用法 说明
He cans swim. He can swim. 情态动词后动词用原形,不加-s
I must to go. I must go. 情态动词后不加to
May I watch TV — No, you may not. No, you can't/mustn't. 否定回答更常用can't/mustn't
You mustn't play outside.(表不必) You needn't/don't have to play outside. mustn't 表“禁止”, 不表“不必”
六、重点词汇用法详解
1. turn out 的用法
结构 含义 例句
turn out + adj. 结果是;证明是 It turned out very hard to live without electricity.
turn out to be + n./adj. 结果是…… The plan turned out to be a great success.
It turned out that + 从句 结果发现…… It turned out that she had never been to Paris.
2. run out of vs. run out
短语 词性 主语 是否需要宾语 例句
run out of 及物动词短语 人 必须接宾语(用完的东西) We ran out of battery.
run out 不及物动词短语 物 不接宾语 The battery ran out.
同义替换:
run out of = use up(主语为人)
run out = give out(主语为物)
3. go bad 中 go 的用法
go 在此为连系动词,表示“变得(尤指向坏的方向变化)”,后接形容词。
类别 短语 含义
食物变质 go bad 变坏
go sour 变酸
颜色/状态 go grey 变灰白
go silent 变得沉默
情绪/行为 go wrong 出问题
go crazy 发疯
4. connect 的用法
搭配 含义 例句
connect A to B 把A连接到B(强调物理连接) Connect the printer to the computer.
connect A with B 把A和B联系起来(抽象联系) Science is connected with daily life.
be connected to/with 与……相连/相关 The wires are connected to the power supply.
5. care about vs. care for
短语 含义 例句
care about 关心;在乎 She cares about environmental protection.
care for 照顾(=look after);喜欢(多用于疑问/否定) She cares for her sick mother. / I don't care for spicy food.
6. amount 的用法
结构 谓语动词 例句
the amount of + 不可数名词 单数 The amount of water is decreasing.
a large amount of + 不可数名词 单数 A large amount of money was donated.
large amounts of + 不可数名词 复数(amounts为主语) Large amounts of water were wasted.
【辨析】 the amount of + 不可数名词 vs. the number of + 可数名词复数
7. have something in common
结构 含义
have something in common 有共同之处
have nothing in common 没有共同之处
have a lot in common 有很多共同之处
例句:The twins have a lot in common in terms of hobbies.
七、话题写作指导
1. 话题词汇
类别 词汇
电器设备 light, TV, computer, fridge, fan, air conditioner, washing machine
用电行为 turn on/off, plug in, unplug, use, waste, save
安全规则 dangerous, safe, careful, touch, wet hands, stay away from
情态动词 can, cannot, may, may not, must, must not
2. 常用句型
描述电的重要性:
Electricity is everywhere in our daily lives.
We cannot imagine a world without electricity.
提出节约用电建议:
We should turn off the lights when we leave the room.
Don't leave the TV on when nobody is watching.
Remember to unplug the charger after using it.
制定安全用电规则:
You must not touch the wires with wet hands.
Keep electrical appliances away from water.
You should ask an adult for help when using electricity.
描述无电体验:
It turned out that it was very hard to live without electricity.
Without electricity, we could only read by candlelight.
Some things in the fridge quickly went bad.
3. 写作范例:Rules for Using Electricity Safely
Electricity is very useful in our daily lives, but it can also be dangerous. Here are some rules for using electricity safely at home.
First, you must not touch any electrical wires or sockets with wet hands. Water and electricity are a dangerous combination. Second, do not plug too many appliances into one socket, as this may cause a fire. Third, when you leave a room, remember to turn off the lights and unplug the chargers. This can also help save electricity. Fourth, if you see a broken wire or a damaged plug, do not touch it. You must ask an adult to fix it.
Electricity is our good friend, but we must use it wisely and safely. Remember: safety first!
4. 写作思路建议
开头:点明电的重要性及制定规则的必要性
主体:逐条列出规则(可使用 First, Second, Third... 进行衔接)
结尾:总结呼吁,强调安全第一
八、拓展知识
1. 发电方式
英文 中文
thermal power 火力发电
hydropower 水力发电
wind power 风力发电
solar power 太阳能发电
nuclear power 核能发电
2. 地球一小时(Earth Hour)
地球一小时是世界自然基金会(WWF)发起的全球性节能活动,提倡在每年三月最后一个星期六的当地时间晚上20:30,家庭及商界用户关上不必要的电灯及耗电产品一小时,以此表明对应对气候变化行动的支持。

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