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沪教版七年级英语下册 Unit 7 Role models of our time 知识清单
一、单元主题与目标
主题范畴：人与社会 —— 榜样人物与社会贡献
核心问题：什么样的人能成为我们这个时代的榜样？
学习目标：能够描述最敬佩的人，解释敬佩榜样的原因，理解榜样人物的社会贡献与精神品质
二、核心词汇
1. 名词（人物身份与品质）
英文 中文 英文 中文
role model 楷模；行为榜样 hero (pl. heroes) 英雄
pioneer 先锋；先驱 model 模范；榜样
contribution 贡献 achievement 成就
honour 荣誉；荣耀 award 奖；奖品
effort 努力；尽力 dream 梦想
influence 影响 spirit 精神
example 例子；榜样 education 教育
research 研究 engineering 工程
technology 技术 agriculture 农业
2. 形容词（描述人物品质）
英文 中文 英文 中文
brave 勇敢的 hard-working 勤奋的
wise 明智的；智慧的 smart 聪明的
great 伟大的 successful 成功的
famous 著名的 well-respected 备受尊敬的
devoted 奉献的；忠诚的 eager 渴望的
selfless 无私的 groundbreaking 开创性的
3. 动词（行为与态度）
英文 中文 英文 中文
admire 钦佩；羡慕 achieve 实现；取得
devote 奉献；致力于 encourage 鼓励
influence 影响 respect 尊重
award 授予 found (v.) 创建；建立
survive 生存；存活 fight 奋斗；战斗
重要用法：
devote oneself to 投身于；致力于（to为介词）
achieve one’s dream 实现某人的梦想
be awarded 被授予（奖项）
4. 词性转换
原词 词性 转换形式
contribute 动词 contribution (n. 贡献)
educate 动词 education (n. 教育)
achieve 动词 achievement (n. 成就)
succeed 动词 success (n. 成功) / successful (adj.)
admire 动词 admiration (n. 钦佩)
devote 动词 devotion (n. 奉献)
hero 名词 heroic (adj. 英雄的)
pioneer 名词 pioneering (adj. 开创性的)
三、重点短语
1. 描述榜样品质
英文 中文
a role model of our time 我们时代的榜样
set an example for sb. 为某人树立榜样
learn from sb. 向某人学习
look up to sb. 尊敬/仰慕某人
be proud of 为……感到骄傲
2. 描述努力与奉献
英文 中文
try one’s best 尽某人最大努力
make an effort 努力；尽力
work tirelessly 不知疲倦地工作
devote oneself to 投身于；致力于
fight for 为……奋斗
make contributions to 为……做贡献
3. 描述成就与荣誉
英文 中文
achieve success 取得成功
receive/get an award 获得奖项
be awarded sth. 被授予某奖项
win honour for 为……赢得荣誉
play a key role in 在……中起关键作用
thanks to 幸亏；由于
4. 描述人生经历
英文 中文
be born in 出生于
further one’s education 深造
spend time (in) doing sth. 花时间做某事
return to 回到
hear of 听说
be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事
in return 作为回报
pay off 取得成功；奏效
四、重点句型
1. 课文原句（钱学森的故事）
Qian Xuesen was a pioneer in the development of China’s aerospace science and technology. 钱学森是中国航空航天科学技术发展的先驱。
He studied engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University and then went to further his education in the USA. 他在上海交通大学学习工程学，然后前往美国深造。
In 1939, he was awarded a doctorate in Aerospace Engineering and Mathematics. 1939年，他被授予航空航天工程与数学博士学位。
While in the USA, Qian achieved lots of success and he was a well-respected person in his field. 在美国期间，钱学森取得了许多成功，在他的领域备受尊敬。
He was eager to bring his knowledge and skills to his homeland and began planning his return. 他渴望将自己的知识和技能带回祖国，并开始计划回国。
Once home, he worked tirelessly to raise the level of China’s science and technology. 一回到祖国，他便不知疲倦地工作，努力提高国家的科技水平。
He played a key role in developing China’s first rocket.
他在研制中国首枚火箭的过程中发挥了关键作用。
Thanks to his groundbreaking research, China became one of the few countries in the world to explore space. 多亏了他开创性的研究，中国成为世界上少数几个能够探索太空的国家之一。
Qian devoted himself to his country, and his great work brought honour and success to China. 钱学森献身于祖国，他的伟大工作为中国带来了荣誉和成功。
He said, “If after I die the public feels I have made some contributions during my life, that approval would be the highest praise of all.”
他说：“如果在我死后，公众觉得我一生中做出了一些贡献，那将是最高的赞扬。”
2. 描述榜样品质的句型
What makes a role model of our time？ 是什么造就了我们这个时代的榜样？
I admire him/her because... 我敬佩他/她，因为……
She/He is truly a role model of our time. 他/她确实是我们这个时代的榜样。
Her hard work paid off. 她的努力得到了回报。
3. 张桂梅故事相关句型（听力部分）
She was awarded the July 1st Medal in 2021 — an award for outstanding members of the CPC. 她在2021年被授予“七一勋章”——这是授予中国共产党优秀党员的奖项。
She wanted to help girls from poor families get a proper education. 她想帮助贫困家庭的女孩接受适当的教育。
Zhang gave the girls in the mountains the chance to see the world outside. 张老师给了山里女孩们看到外面世界的机会。
五、语法知识
（一）感叹句（Exclamations）
1. 定义
感叹句用来表达强烈的情感（如惊讶、喜悦、赞叹、愤怒等），句末用感叹号“！”。
2. 两种基本结构
（1）What 引导的感叹句
句型结构 用法 例句
What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 (+ 主谓)! 修饰单数名词 What a clever girl (she is)!
What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 (+ 主谓)! 修饰复数名词 What beautiful flowers (they are)!
What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 (+ 主谓)! 修饰不可数名词 What great news (it is)!
（2）How 引导的感叹句
句型结构 用法 例句
How + 形容词/副词 (+ 主谓)! 修饰形容词或副词 How clever (she is)! / How fast (he runs)!
How + 主语 + 谓语！ 强调整个句子 How time flies!
3. What与How的转换规则
判断技巧：去掉主语和谓语后，若剩下的是“（a/an+）形容词+名词”，用What；若只剩形容词、副词或完整句子，用How。
What引导 How引导
What a lovely girl she is! → How lovely the girl is!
What delicious cakes they are! → How delicious the cakes are!
4. 常见错误提醒
错误用法 正确用法 说明
How a clever girl! What a clever girl! How后不能直接加a/an+名词
What clever the girl is! How clever the girl is! What后不能接形容词+主谓
What a delicious cake is it! What a delicious cake it is! 感叹句主谓语序正常（主在前，谓在后）
5. 单元应用例句
What a great role model he is! 他是多么伟大的榜样啊！
How selfless Zhang Guimei is! 张桂梅是多么无私啊！
What great contributions Qian Xuesen made! 钱学森做出了多么伟大的贡献啊！
（二）祈使句（Imperatives）复习
1. 定义
祈使句用来表达命令、请求、建议、警告、劝告、禁止等，通常省略主语（默认“you”）。
2. 基本结构
类型 结构 例句
肯定祈使句 动词原形 + 其他 Learn from the role models around you.
否定祈使句 Don’t + 动词原形 + 其他 Don’t give up when facing difficulties.
Be型祈使句 Be + 形容词/名词 Be brave like the heroes.
Let型祈使句 Let’s + 动词原形 Let’s follow their example.
3. 单元应用例句
Never give up, and you will succeed. 永不放弃，你就会成功。
Learn from these role models and try to make your own contributions.
向这些榜样学习，努力做出自己的贡献。
六、重点词汇用法详解
1. spend 的用法
结构 含义 例句
spend + 时间/金钱 + (in) doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事 He spent many years teaching at universities.
spend + 时间/金钱 + on sth. 花费时间/金钱在某事上 She spent a lot of time on her research.
例句：He spent many years teaching and doing research at universities in the USA.
【辨析】 spend / cost / take / pay
单词 主语 结构
spend 人 spend... (in) doing / on sth.
cost 物 sth. cost sb. + 金钱
take It It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth.
pay 人 pay + 金钱 + for sth.
2. devote 的用法
结构 含义 例句
devote oneself to sth. 献身于；致力于（to是介词） Qian devoted himself to his country.
be devoted to sth. 献身于；专心致志于 She is devoted to helping those in need.
注意：to是介词，后面跟名词、代词或动名词。
3. be eager to do sth.
结构 含义 同义表达
be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事 be keen to do sth. / be desperate to do sth.
例句：He was eager to bring his knowledge and skills to his homeland.
4. play a role / part in
结构 含义 例句
play a/an + 形容词 + role in 在…中发挥…作用 He played a key role in developing China’s first rocket.
play a part in 在…中起作用 Education plays an important part in personal development.
5. thanks to 的用法
结构 含义 注意
thanks to + 名词/代词 幸亏；由于（表示积极原因） 相当于because of，但更强调“因为……的帮助”
例句：Thanks to his groundbreaking research, China became one of the few countries to explore space.
【辨析】 thanks to vs. because of
表达 语气 例句
thanks to 含有“感谢”之意，常表积极原因 Thanks to your help, I succeeded.
because of 中性表达，可好可坏 Because of the rain, we stayed at home.
6. pay off 的用法
含义 例句
取得成功；奏效 Finally, her hard work paid off.
还清（债务） It took him ten years to pay off the debt.
7. in return 的用法
结构 含义 例句
in return 作为回报 The local community helped her. Later, she helped them in return.
in return for 作为对…的回报 She gave her time and love in return for their kindness.
七、话题写作指导
1. 话题词汇
类别 词汇
榜样描述 role model, hero, pioneer, example, set an example
品质特征 brave, hard-working, selfless, devoted, wise, great
成就贡献 achievement, contribution, success, award, honour
行为动作 admire, respect, devote, achieve, encourage, influence
2. 常用句型
介绍榜样：
... is a role model of our time.
I admire ... because ...
He/She is known as ...
描述事迹：
He/She devoted himself/herself to ...
He/She played a key role in ...
Thanks to his/her efforts, ...
表达敬佩与呼吁：
We should learn from him/her.
Let’s follow his/her example.
... is truly a person we should look up to.
3. 写作范例
My Role Model — Zhang Guimei
Zhang Guimei is a great teacher and a role model of our time. She was awarded the July 1st Medal in 2021 for her outstanding contributions to education.
Zhang was born in Heilongjiang. When she was 17, she moved to Yunnan to become a middle school teacher. She worked tirelessly for many years. She wanted to help girls from poor families get a proper education. So she decided to build a free public high school for girls. After six years of hard work, she opened Huaping Girls High School.
Thanks to her, about 2,000 girls have taken the college entrance examination and realized their university dreams. Zhang gave these girls a chance to see the world outside.
Zhang Guimei is devoted and selfless. She is truly a role model for all of us. I admire her very much and I want to learn from her spirit of dedication.
4. 写作思路建议
开头：点明要介绍的榜样是谁及身份
主体：分段落描述人物背景、主要事迹、品质特征
结尾：总结敬佩原因，表达向榜样学习的决心沪教版七年级英语下册 Unit 8 Follow your interests 知识清单
一、单元主题与目标
主题范畴：人与自我 —— 兴趣爱好与职业发展
核心问题：我们怎样才能把兴趣变成事业？
学习目标：能够谈论自己的兴趣和梦想职业，理解如何将兴趣转化为事业，描述实现梦想所需具备的品质
二、核心词汇
1. 名词（兴趣与爱好类）
英文 中文 英文 中文
interest 兴趣；业余爱好 hobby 业余爱好
career 职业；生涯 lifetime 一生；终身
knowledge 知识 skill 技能；技巧
ability 才能；本领 audience 观众；听众
instrument 乐器；仪器 diamond 钻石
belt 腰带；带状物 athlete 运动员
biologist 生物学家 astronomer 天文学家
understanding 理解；领悟 programme 节目；程序
2. 形容词
英文 中文 英文 中文
possible 可能的 impossible 不可能的
curious 好奇的 lively 充满趣味的；生动的
meaningful 有意义的 outdoor 户外的
indoor 室内的 extremely 极其；非常（adv.）
actually 事实上（adv.） patient 耐心的
3. 动词
英文 中文 英文 中文
follow 跟随；追随 develop 培养；发展
collect 收集 host 主持
increase 增长；增加 shoot 冲；飞驰；射击
sail 驾驶帆船航行 perform 表演；表现
compare 比较 achieve 实现
4. 词性转换
原词 词性 转换形式
possible 形容词 impossible (反义词)；possibly (副词)
interest 名词/动词 interesting (adj.)；interested (adj.)
curious 形容词 curiosity (n.)
increase 动词/名词 increasing (adj.)
perform 动词 performance (n.)
compare 动词 comparison (n.)
collect 动词 collection (n.)
live 动词 lively (adj. 生动的)
三、重点短语
1. 兴趣与爱好类
英文 中文
follow your interests 追随你的兴趣
have an interest in 对……感兴趣
develop an interest 培养兴趣
lifetime interest 终身兴趣
a lively way 生动的方式
be curious about 对……感到好奇
2. 时间与空闲时间
英文 中文
in one’s free/spare time 在某人的空闲时间
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
on clear nights 在晴朗的夜晚
all kinds of 各种各样的
more and more 越来越
3. 兴趣与职业转化
英文 中文
turn one’s interest into a career 把某人的兴趣变成职业
achieve one’s dream 实现某人的梦想
be proud of 为……感到骄傲
host a programme 主持节目
take sb. on a journey 带某人踏上旅程
4. 动词短语
英文 中文
spend time (in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心
look up to sb. 尊敬/仰慕某人
make progress 取得进步
share interests 分享兴趣
5. 课外活动类
英文 中文
outdoor activities 户外活动
indoor activities 室内活动
collect stamps 集邮
paint a picture 画画
read books 读书
listen to music 听音乐
watch a film 看电影
play the piano 弹钢琴
play basketball 打篮球
do sports 做运动
四、重点句型
1. 课文原句（帕特里克·摩尔的故事）
When I was eight, I got a book about stars from my dad as a birthday present.
当我八岁的时候，我从爸爸那里得到了一本关于星星的书作为生日礼物。
I used to go outside with my mum on clear nights and look at the sky.
我过去常常在晴朗的夜晚和妈妈去外面看天空。
Studying the stars was great fun for me and I was extremely curious about the night sky.
研究星星对我来说很有趣，我对夜空非常好奇。
I asked all kinds of questions, and my parents were always very patient with me.
我问了各种各样的问题，我的父母一直对我很有耐心。
So I read a lot about the topic, and my understanding increased as I grew older.
所以我读了很多关于这个话题的书，随着我长大，我的理解也加深了。
Now, studying the stars is my career. I host a TV programme called The Sky at Night. 现在，研究星星是我的事业。我主持一个叫《夜间天空》的电视节目。
My TV programme has lasted more than 50 years, and I am really proud of that!
我的电视节目已经持续了50多年了，我为此感到非常自豪！
Actually, you too can turn your interests into your career. Anybody can achieve their dreams. 事实上，你也可以把你的兴趣变成你的事业。任何人都可以实现他们的梦想。
2. 谈论兴趣与梦想的句型
What are your interests and hobbies 你的兴趣和爱好是什么？
I have an interest in painting and I like drawing pictures in my free time.
我对绘画感兴趣，我喜欢在空闲时间画画。
What is your dream job 你的梦想职业是什么？
My dream job is to be a doctor because I want to help sick people.
我的梦想职业是成为一名医生，因为我想帮助病人。
3. 描述爱好的句型
I enjoy listening to music because it can help me relax after school.
我喜欢听音乐，因为它能帮我放学后放松身心。
This hobby not only makes me happy, but also helps me learn a new skill.
这个爱好不仅让我快乐，还帮我学到了一项新技能。
A good hobby can make our free time meaningful and interesting.
一个好的爱好能让我们的空闲时间变得有意义又有趣。
It’s important for us to develop our own interests in our daily life.
在日常生活中培养我们自己的兴趣对我们来说很重要。
4. 过去经历描述（感叹句）
How beautiful they were! 它们多漂亮啊！
What a great role model he is! 他是多么伟大的榜样啊！
五、语法知识
（一）时间状语从句（Adverbial Clauses of Time）
1. 定义与功能
时间状语从句用来表示主句动作发生的时间，由从属连词引导。在复合句中作状语，说明主句谓语动词发生的时间。
2. 常用引导词
引导词 含义 用法说明 例句
when 当……时 主从句动作可同时或先后发生 When I was eight, I got a book about stars.
while 当……期间 强调主从句动作同时进行 While in the USA, Qian achieved lots of success.
as 一边…一边 强调伴随或随着 My understanding increased as I grew older.
after 在…之后 主句动作发生在从句之后 After he graduated, he went to Japan.
before 在…之前 主句动作发生在从句之前 I read a lot before I wrote the report.
whenever 每当 表示习惯性或重复性动作 Whenever I look up, I am amazed.
since 自从 主句常用现在完成时 He has changed a lot since he started his hobby.
until 直到……才 主句动作持续到从句时间 He stayed in Japan until he moved back.
3. 时态呼应规则
情况 主句时态 从句时态 例句
表示将来 一般将来时 一般现在时（代替将来时） I will be a scientist when I grow up.
表示过去 一般过去时 过去时态 He often read when he was free.
表示习惯 一般现在时 一般现在时 Whenever I see stars, I feel excited.
4. 单元应用例句
When I was eight, I got a book about stars.
As I grew older, my understanding increased.
Before he became a writer, he worked as a teacher.
（二）used to 的用法
1. 定义与含义
used to 表示“过去常常做某事”，强调过去习惯性的动作或状态，但现在不再如此。
2. 基本结构
句型 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + used to + 动词原形 I used to go outside with my mum.
否定句 主语 + didn’t use to + 动词原形 He didn’t use to like reading.
疑问句 Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形？ Did you use to collect stamps
3. used to 与 would 的区别
用法 used to would
过去习惯性动作
过去存在的状态
与具体时间连用 （可以） （不可以）
例句对比：
I used to have a bike. （状态，不可用would）
When I was young, I used to/would play outside. （动作，两者均可）
4. 易混辨析：used to / be used to / get used to
短语 含义 结构 例句
used to 过去常常（现在不再） used to + 动词原形 I used to read at night.
be used to 习惯于 be used to + 名词/动名词 I am used to getting up early.
get used to 逐渐习惯 get used to + 名词/动名词 I will get used to the new schedule.
5. 单元应用例句
I used to go outside with my mum on clear nights and look at the sky.
（三）感叹句（复习巩固）
上一单元学习的感叹句在本单元继续运用：
结构 例句
How + 形容词/副词 + 主谓！ How beautiful they were！
What + 名词短语 + 主谓！ What great fun it was！
六、重点词汇用法详解
1. interest 的用法
用法 结构 例句
作名词（兴趣） have an interest in She has an interest in music.
作名词（爱好） My interest is... My main interest is painting.
作动词（使感兴趣） interest sb. This book interests me a lot.
派生词：
interesting（形容词，修饰物）：an interesting book
interested（形容词，修饰人）：I am interested in stars.
【辨析】 interest vs. hobby
词汇 含义侧重 用法
interest 兴趣（可涵盖对某事物的关注和喜爱） have an interest in
hobby 业余爱好（具体活动） do sth. as a hobby
2. like / love / enjoy / prefer 的辨析
词汇 语气强度 后接形式 例句
like 最弱（喜欢） to do/doing I like reading.
love 中等（热爱） to do/doing She loves dancing.
enjoy 中等（享受乐趣） doing（不接to do） We enjoy playing games.
prefer 中等（更喜欢，表选择） doing / A to B He prefers swimming to running.
3. curious 与 patiently 的搭配
词汇 常用搭配 例句
curious be curious about I was extremely curious about the night sky.
patient be patient with My parents were always very patient with me.
4. spend / take / cost 表“花费”的辨析
词汇 主语 常用结构 搭配对象
spend 人 spend time (in) doing / on sth. 时间/金钱
take it（形式主语） It takes sb. time to do sth. 时间
cost 物 sth. cost sb. money 金钱
例句：
I spend an hour on my homework every day.
It takes her 20 minutes to walk to school.
This book cost me 20 yuan.
5. lively 的用法
注意：lively 虽然是 -ly 结尾，但它是形容词，意为“充满趣味的；生动的；充满活力的”。
例句：I teach my audience about the different stars in a lively way.
易错：lively 不是副词，不能说“lively way”作状语修饰动词，而说“in a lively way”。
6. shoot 的用法
含义 用法 例句
冲；飞驰 不及物动词（过去式shot） We saw stars shooting across the sky.
射击 及物/不及物动词 He shot at the target.
例句：Sometimes we saw stars shooting across the sky.
7. increase 的用法
词性 含义 例句
动词（v.） 增长；增加 My understanding increased as I grew older.
名词（n.） 增长；增加 There was a sharp increase in sales.
例句：My understanding increased as I grew older.
七、话题写作指导
1. 话题词汇
类别 词汇
兴趣爱好 hobby, interest, paint, draw, collect stamps, read books, listen to music
品质态度 curious, patient, hard-working, never give up, be proud of
职业相关 career, dream job, turn...into..., achieve one’s dream
时间相关 in one’s free time, used to, when I was young
2. 常用句型
介绍爱好：
My favourite hobby is...
I have an interest in...
I enjoy/love/like doing...in my free time.
描述过去经历：
When I was..., I used to...
I was extremely curious about...
表达梦想：
My dream job is to be...
I want to turn my interest into a career.
I will study hard to achieve my dream.
表达感受：
This hobby makes me happy/relaxed.
I am proud of...
3. 写作范例
My Lifetime Interest—Playing the Piano
When I was six, my mother bought me a piano as my birthday present. That was the beginning of my lifetime interest.
I used to practice the piano every day after school. At first, it was difficult for me, but I never gave up. My parents were always very patient with me and encouraged me to keep going.
Now, playing the piano is not just my hobby. I want to turn it into my career in the future. My dream job is to be a pianist because I want to share beautiful music with people. I know it is not easy, but I will work hard to achieve my dream.
Actually, anyone can turn their interests into a career. You just have to enjoy what you do and never give up!
4. 写作思路建议
开头：介绍兴趣的起源（如：When I was..., I got...as a present.）
主体：描述过去如何培养兴趣（used to...），以及坚持的过程（never give up, be patient）
结尾：阐述未来的梦想职业，表达实现梦想的决心

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