资源简介 中考英语名词考点专题训练(练习版)考点一:可数名词与不可数名词【考点讲解】可数名词是指可以计数的事物,有单复数形式,如 book(书)→ books。不可数名词则无法计数,没有复数形式,如 water(水)、information(信息)。常见的不可数名词包括:液体类(water, milk, juice)、气体类(air, oxygen)、抽象名词(love, happiness, knowledge)、材料类(paper, wood, rice)等。不可数名词不能直接与不定冠词 a/an 连用,也不能直接加数词。若要表示数量,需借助量词短语,如 a piece of news(一条新闻)、a glass of water(一杯水)。中考中常考的名词有:advice, news, information, homework, weather, furniture, progress, fun 等。注意:有些名词既可数又不可数,含义不同,如 room(空间/房间)、paper(纸/论文)。【中考真题】1. —Would you like some ______ —Yes, please. I'm thirsty.A. breadB. waterC. appleD. egg答案:______2. Can you give me ______ on how to learn English well A. an adviceB. some advicesC. a piece of adviceD. many advices答案:______3. We need to buy some ______ for the new house.A. furnitureB. furnituresC. a furnitureD. two furnitures答案:______考点二:名词单复数变化【考点讲解】名词单数变复数的规则:(一)规则变化:1. 一般情况加-s:book→books, cat→cats2. 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾加-es:bus→buses, box→boxes, watch→watches, dish→dishes3. 以辅音+y 结尾,变 y 为 i 加-es:city→cities, baby→babies4. 以 o 结尾:有生命加-es(potato→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes),无生命加-s(photo→photos, piano→pianos)5. 以 f/fe 结尾,变 f/fe 为 v 加-es:leaf→leaves, knife→knives, wife→wives(二)不规则变化:1. 元音变化:man→men, woman→women, foot→feet, tooth→teeth, goose→geese2. 词尾加-en/ren:child→children, ox→oxen3. 单复数同形:sheep→sheep, deer→deer, fish→fish, Chinese→Chinese4. 复合名词:变主体词(passer-by→passers-by),无主体词则变最后(grown-up→grown-ups)注意:有些名词只有复数形式,如 trousers, scissors, glasses(眼镜), thanks。【中考真题】1. There are many ______ eating grass on the hill.A. sheepB. sheepsC. sheepesD. sheep's答案:______2. My grandmother has two ______ at home.A. childB. childsC. childrenD. childrens答案:______3. These ______ are from Canada. They are friendly.A. passer-byB. passers-byC. passer-bysD. passers-bys答案:______考点三:名词所有格【考点讲解】名词所有格表示所属关系,主要有三种形式:1. 's 所有格:主要用于有生命的名词。单数名词加 's(Tom's book),以 s 结尾的复数名词加 '(the teachers' office),不以 s 结尾的复数名词加 's(children's toys)。 并列名词:表示各自所有,每个名词都加 's(Tom's and Jerry's rooms=两人各自的房间);表示共同所有,只在最后一个名词加 's(Tom and Jerry's room=两人共同的房间)2. of 所有格:主要用于无生命的事物,构成 of+名词结构(the door of the room)。3. 双重所有格:of + 's 结构,表示“其中之一”或带有感彩。如 a friend of my father's(我父亲的一个朋友)、that lovely child of your sister's(你姐姐的那个可爱的孩子)。注意:'s 所有格也可用于时间、距离、金钱等,如 today's newspaper、ten minutes' walk。【中考真题】1. —Is this ______ bike —No, it's ______.A. Tom; myB. Tom's; mineC. Tom's; myD. Tom; mine答案:______2. The ______ office is on the third floor.A. teachersB. teacher'sC. teachers'D. teacher答案:______3. It's about ______ walk from my home to the school.A. ten minuteB. ten minutesC. ten minute'sD. ten minutes'答案:______考点四:名词词义辨析【考点讲解】中考常考易混名词辨析:1. work / job:work 不可数(泛指工作),job 可数(具体职业)2. family / house / home:family 家庭/家人,house 房子(建筑),home 家(情感归属)3. voice / noise / sound:voice 人声/嗓音,noise 噪音(令人不悦),sound 声音(一切声响)4. trip / travel / journey:trip 短途旅行(可数),travel 泛指旅行(不可数),journey 长途旅行5. problem / question:problem 难题/问题(需解决),question 疑问(需回答)6. weather / climate:weather 天气(短期),climate 气候(长期)7. news / message / information:news 新闻(不可数),message 消息/口信(可数),information 信息(不可数)8. price / prize:price 价格,prize 奖/奖品9. exercise / practice:exercise 练习/锻炼,practice 实践/练习(侧重实际操作)10. cause / reason:cause 起因(导致结果),reason 理由(解释说明)【中考真题】1. I have a good ______. I work as a doctor in a big hospital.A. workB. jobC. worksD. jobs答案:______2. The ______ from the street made it hard for me to fall asleep.A. voiceB. noiseC. soundD. shout答案:______3. —I have a ______. May I ask you a ______ —Of course.A. question; problemB. problem; questionC. question; questionD. problem; problem答案:______考点五:名词作定语【考点讲解】名词作定语是指用名词修饰另一个名词,构成复合名词或词组。基本规则:1. 一般用单数形式:a shoe shop(鞋店)、a bus station(公交站)、a paper bag(纸袋)2. 特殊情况用复数:a sports meeting(运动会)、the clothes shop(服装店)、a goods train(货车)3. man/woman 修饰性别时随其后名词变复数:a man doctor→two men doctors、a woman teacher→two women teachers4. 名词作定语表达用途、材料、类别、时间等:coffee cup(咖啡杯)、gold watch(金表)、summer vacation(暑假)注意:名词作定语通常不用所有格,直接放在被修饰词前。如说 a shoe shop,不说 a shoes shop 或 a shoe's shop。【中考真题】1. There are two ______ in our hospital.A. woman doctorsB. women doctorsC. woman doctorD. women doctor答案:______2. I bought a pair of ______ shoes yesterday.A. sportB. sportsC. sport'sD. sports'答案:______中考英语名词考点专题训练(含答案)考点一:可数名词与不可数名词【考点讲解】可数名词是指可以计数的事物,有单复数形式,如 book(书)→ books。不可数名词则无法计数,没有复数形式,如 water(水)、information(信息)。常见的不可数名词包括:液体类(water, milk, juice)、气体类(air, oxygen)、抽象名词(love, happiness, knowledge)、材料类(paper, wood, rice)等。不可数名词不能直接与不定冠词 a/an 连用,也不能直接加数词。若要表示数量,需借助量词短语,如 a piece of news(一条新闻)、a glass of water(一杯水)。中考中常考的名词有:advice, news, information, homework, weather, furniture, progress, fun 等。注意:有些名词既可数又不可数,含义不同,如 room(空间/房间)、paper(纸/论文)。【中考真题】1. —Would you like some ______ —Yes, please. I'm thirsty.A. breadB. waterC. appleD. egg答案:B(2024北京卷)2. Can you give me ______ on how to learn English well A. an adviceB. some advicesC. a piece of adviceD. many advices答案:C(2023上海卷)3. We need to buy some ______ for the new house.A. furnitureB. furnituresC. a furnitureD. two furnitures答案:A(2022广州卷)考点二:名词单复数变化【考点讲解】名词单数变复数的规则:(一)规则变化:1. 一般情况加-s:book→books, cat→cats2. 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾加-es:bus→buses, box→boxes, watch→watches, dish→dishes3. 以辅音+y 结尾,变 y 为 i 加-es:city→cities, baby→babies4. 以 o 结尾:有生命加-es(potato→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes),无生命加-s(photo→photos, piano→pianos)5. 以 f/fe 结尾,变 f/fe 为 v 加-es:leaf→leaves, knife→knives, wife→wives(二)不规则变化:1. 元音变化:man→men, woman→women, foot→feet, tooth→teeth, goose→geese2. 词尾加-en/ren:child→children, ox→oxen3. 单复数同形:sheep→sheep, deer→deer, fish→fish, Chinese→Chinese4. 复合名词:变主体词(passer-by→passers-by),无主体词则变最后(grown-up→grown-ups)注意:有些名词只有复数形式,如 trousers, scissors, glasses(眼镜), thanks。【中考真题】1. There are many ______ eating grass on the hill.A. sheepB. sheepsC. sheepesD. sheep's答案:A(2024重庆卷)2. My grandmother has two ______ at home.A. childB. childsC. childrenD. childrens答案:C(2023天津卷)3. These ______ are from Canada. They are friendly.A. passer-byB. passers-byC. passer-bysD. passers-bys答案:B(2022深圳卷)考点三:名词所有格【考点讲解】名词所有格表示所属关系,主要有三种形式:1. 's 所有格:主要用于有生命的名词。单数名词加 's(Tom's book),以 s 结尾的复数名词加 '(the teachers' office),不以 s 结尾的复数名词加 's(children's toys)。 并列名词:表示各自所有,每个名词都加 's(Tom's and Jerry's rooms=两人各自的房间);表示共同所有,只在最后一个名词加 's(Tom and Jerry's room=两人共同的房间)2. of 所有格:主要用于无生命的事物,构成 of+名词结构(the door of the room)。3. 双重所有格:of + 's 结构,表示“其中之一”或带有感彩。如 a friend of my father's(我父亲的一个朋友)、that lovely child of your sister's(你姐姐的那个可爱的孩子)。注意:'s 所有格也可用于时间、距离、金钱等,如 today's newspaper、ten minutes' walk。【中考真题】1. —Is this ______ bike —No, it's ______.A. Tom; myB. Tom's; mineC. Tom's; myD. Tom; mine答案:B(2024长沙卷)2. The ______ office is on the third floor.A. teachersB. teacher'sC. teachers'D. teacher答案:C(2023武汉卷)3. It's about ______ walk from my home to the school.A. ten minuteB. ten minutesC. ten minute'sD. ten minutes'答案:D(2022南京卷)考点四:名词词义辨析【考点讲解】中考常考易混名词辨析:1. work / job:work 不可数(泛指工作),job 可数(具体职业)2. family / house / home:family 家庭/家人,house 房子(建筑),home 家(情感归属)3. voice / noise / sound:voice 人声/嗓音,noise 噪音(令人不悦),sound 声音(一切声响)4. trip / travel / journey:trip 短途旅行(可数),travel 泛指旅行(不可数),journey 长途旅行5. problem / question:problem 难题/问题(需解决),question 疑问(需回答)6. weather / climate:weather 天气(短期),climate 气候(长期)7. news / message / information:news 新闻(不可数),message 消息/口信(可数),information 信息(不可数)8. price / prize:price 价格,prize 奖/奖品9. exercise / practice:exercise 练习/锻炼,practice 实践/练习(侧重实际操作)10. cause / reason:cause 起因(导致结果),reason 理由(解释说明)【中考真题】1. I have a good ______. I work as a doctor in a big hospital.A. workB. jobC. worksD. jobs答案:B(2024成都卷)2. The ______ from the street made it hard for me to fall asleep.A. voiceB. noiseC. soundD. shout答案:B(2023杭州卷)3. —I have a ______. May I ask you a ______ —Of course.A. question; problemB. problem; questionC. question; questionD. problem; problem答案:B(2022苏州卷)考点五:名词作定语【考点讲解】名词作定语是指用名词修饰另一个名词,构成复合名词或词组。基本规则:1. 一般用单数形式:a shoe shop(鞋店)、a bus station(公交站)、a paper bag(纸袋)2. 特殊情况用复数:a sports meeting(运动会)、the clothes shop(服装店)、a goods train(货车)3. man/woman 修饰性别时随其后名词变复数:a man doctor→two men doctors、a woman teacher→two women teachers4. 名词作定语表达用途、材料、类别、时间等:coffee cup(咖啡杯)、gold watch(金表)、summer vacation(暑假)注意:名词作定语通常不用所有格,直接放在被修饰词前。如说 a shoe shop,不说 a shoes shop 或 a shoe's shop。【中考真题】1. There are two ______ in our hospital.A. woman doctorsB. women doctorsC. woman doctorD. women doctor答案:B(2024西安卷)2. I bought a pair of ______ shoes yesterday.A. sportB. sportsC. sport'sD. sports'答案:B(2023济南卷) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 中考英语名词考点含答案.docx 中考英语名词考点练习版.docx