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中考英语被动语态考点精讲精练
（2022-2024中考真题精选）
一、一般现在时的被动语态
### 知识点讲解
结构：am/is/are + done（过去分词）。表示主语是动作的承受者，动作发生在经常性、习惯性或客观事实的语境中。
当主语是动作的承受者，且句子的时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用"am/is/are + 过去分词"。
例：English is spoken all over the world. 全世界都说英语。
例：The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天都被打扫。
### 真题训练
1. (2023 北京) Every year, many trees ______ along the streets to make our city more beautiful.
A. plant B. are planted C. were planted D. will be planted
答案：B（2023 北京中考）
2. (2022 天津) The 24th Winter Olympics ______ in Beijing in 2022. Great changes ______ in the city since then.
A. hold; take place B. were held; have taken place C. held; have taken place D. are held; took place
答案：B（2022 天津中考）
3. (2024 广州模拟) In our school library, all kinds of books ______ to students for free.
A. offer B. are offered C. offered D. were offered
答案：B（2024 广州模拟）
二、一般过去时的被动语态
### 知识点讲解
结构：was/were + done（过去分词）。表示过去某个时间发生的被动动作。
当描述过去某个具体时间发生的动作且主语是动作承受者时，使用一般过去时的被动语态。
例：The bridge was built in 1990. 这座桥建于1990年。
例：The letters were sent yesterday. 这些信昨天被寄出去了。
### 真题训练
1. (2023 陕西) The ancient building ______ in the Tang Dynasty and it is still in good condition now.
A. built B. is built C. was built D. will be built
答案：C（2023 陕西中考）
2. (2022 广东) The Shenzhou-13 astronauts ______ a space lecture to all Chinese students last December.
A. give B. gave C. were given D. have given
答案：B（2022 广东中考）
3. (2024 武汉模拟) The famous novel ______ into many languages and sold well all over the world.
A. translated B. is translated C. was translated D. has translated
答案：C（2024 武汉模拟）
三、情态动词的被动语态
### 知识点讲解
结构：情态动词(can/must/should/may/need) + be + done（过去分词）。
当谓语包含情态动词且主语是动作的承受者时，用"情态动词 + be + 过去分词"结构。
例：Homework must be handed in before Friday. 作业必须在周五前上交。
例：The problem can be solved easily. 这个问题可以轻松解决。
### 真题训练
1. (2023 福建) Teenagers ______ to take part in more outdoor activities to keep healthy.
A. should encourage B. should be encouraged C. encouraged D. are encouraging
答案：B（2023 福建中考）
2. (2022 成都) The rubbish ______ into the river. It's bad for the environment.
A. can't throw B. mustn't be thrown C. doesn't throw D. won't throw
答案：B（2022 成都中考）
3. (2024 南京模拟) All the preparation work ______ before the meeting starts tomorrow morning.
A. must be finished B. must finish C. finished D. is finishing
答案：A（2024 南京模拟）
四、现在完成时的被动语态
### 知识点讲解
结构：have/has + been + done（过去分词）。表示到目前已经完成的被动动作。
现在完成时的被动语态强调过去发生的被动动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例：The work has been finished by the students. 这项工作已经由学生们完成了。
例：More trees have been planted in our city this year. 今年我们城市种了更多的树。
### 真题训练
1. (2023 江苏) So far, the number of the students in our school ______ to over 3,000.
A. has increased B. has been increased C. is increased D. increased
答案：B（2023 江苏中考）
2. (2022 深圳) The new hospital ______ in the north of the city. It will be put into use next year.
A. has built B. has been built C. is building D. was building
答案：B（2022 深圳中考）
3. (2024 郑州模拟) Up to now, many different kinds of robots ______ in our daily life.
A. are used B. were used C. have been used D. will be used
答案：C（2024 郑州模拟）
五、主动表被动的情况
### 知识点讲解
1. "need/want/require + doing" = "need/want/require + to be done"，表示某事需要被做。
2. "be worth doing" 表示值得被做，主动形式表示被动含义。
3. 某些动词（如 sell, write, wash, clean, read 等）作不及物动词时，主动表被动，如：The book sells well. 这本书卖得好。
例：The room needs cleaning. = The room needs to be cleaned. 房间需要被打扫。
例：The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
例：This kind of cloth washes easily. 这种布料容易洗。
### 真题训练
1. (2023 杭州) The car needs ______. Let's take it to the garage.
A. repair B. to repair C. repairing D. repaired
答案：C（2023 杭州中考）
2. (2022 长沙) The movie is well worth ______. It tells a touching story about family love.
A. watch B. to watch C. watching D. watched
答案：C（2022 长沙中考）
3. (2024 合肥模拟) This kind of novel ______ very well and is loved by many young readers.
A. is sold B. sells C. was sold D. sold
答案：B（2024 合肥模拟）中考英语被动语态考点精讲精练
（2022-2024中考真题精选）
一、一般现在时的被动语态
### 知识点讲解
结构：am/is/are + done（过去分词）。表示主语是动作的承受者，动作发生在经常性、习惯性或客观事实的语境中。
当主语是动作的承受者，且句子的时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用"am/is/are + 过去分词"。
例：English is spoken all over the world. 全世界都说英语。
例：The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天都被打扫。
### 真题训练
1. (2023 北京) Every year, many trees ______ along the streets to make our city more beautiful.
A. plant B. are planted C. were planted D. will be planted
答案：____
2. (2022 天津) The 24th Winter Olympics ______ in Beijing in 2022. Great changes ______ in the city since then.
A. hold; take place B. were held; have taken place C. held; have taken place D. are held; took place
答案：____
3. (2024 广州模拟) In our school library, all kinds of books ______ to students for free.
A. offer B. are offered C. offered D. were offered
答案：____
二、一般过去时的被动语态
### 知识点讲解
结构：was/were + done（过去分词）。表示过去某个时间发生的被动动作。
当描述过去某个具体时间发生的动作且主语是动作承受者时，使用一般过去时的被动语态。
例：The bridge was built in 1990. 这座桥建于1990年。
例：The letters were sent yesterday. 这些信昨天被寄出去了。
### 真题训练
1. (2023 陕西) The ancient building ______ in the Tang Dynasty and it is still in good condition now.
A. built B. is built C. was built D. will be built
答案：____
2. (2022 广东) The Shenzhou-13 astronauts ______ a space lecture to all Chinese students last December.
A. give B. gave C. were given D. have given
答案：____
3. (2024 武汉模拟) The famous novel ______ into many languages and sold well all over the world.
A. translated B. is translated C. was translated D. has translated
答案：____
三、情态动词的被动语态
### 知识点讲解
结构：情态动词(can/must/should/may/need) + be + done（过去分词）。
当谓语包含情态动词且主语是动作的承受者时，用"情态动词 + be + 过去分词"结构。
例：Homework must be handed in before Friday. 作业必须在周五前上交。
例：The problem can be solved easily. 这个问题可以轻松解决。
### 真题训练
1. (2023 福建) Teenagers ______ to take part in more outdoor activities to keep healthy.
A. should encourage B. should be encouraged C. encouraged D. are encouraging
答案：____
2. (2022 成都) The rubbish ______ into the river. It's bad for the environment.
A. can't throw B. mustn't be thrown C. doesn't throw D. won't throw
答案：____
3. (2024 南京模拟) All the preparation work ______ before the meeting starts tomorrow morning.
A. must be finished B. must finish C. finished D. is finishing
答案：____
四、现在完成时的被动语态
### 知识点讲解
结构：have/has + been + done（过去分词）。表示到目前已经完成的被动动作。
现在完成时的被动语态强调过去发生的被动动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例：The work has been finished by the students. 这项工作已经由学生们完成了。
例：More trees have been planted in our city this year. 今年我们城市种了更多的树。
### 真题训练
1. (2023 江苏) So far, the number of the students in our school ______ to over 3,000.
A. has increased B. has been increased C. is increased D. increased
答案：____
2. (2022 深圳) The new hospital ______ in the north of the city. It will be put into use next year.
A. has built B. has been built C. is building D. was building
答案：____
3. (2024 郑州模拟) Up to now, many different kinds of robots ______ in our daily life.
A. are used B. were used C. have been used D. will be used
答案：____
五、主动表被动的情况
### 知识点讲解
1. "need/want/require + doing" = "need/want/require + to be done"，表示某事需要被做。
2. "be worth doing" 表示值得被做，主动形式表示被动含义。
3. 某些动词（如 sell, write, wash, clean, read 等）作不及物动词时，主动表被动，如：The book sells well. 这本书卖得好。
例：The room needs cleaning. = The room needs to be cleaned. 房间需要被打扫。
例：The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
例：This kind of cloth washes easily. 这种布料容易洗。
### 真题训练
1. (2023 杭州) The car needs ______. Let's take it to the garage.
A. repair B. to repair C. repairing D. repaired
答案：____
2. (2022 长沙) The movie is well worth ______. It tells a touching story about family love.
A. watch B. to watch C. watching D. watched
答案：____
3. (2024 合肥模拟) This kind of novel ______ very well and is loved by many young readers.
A. is sold B. sells C. was sold D. sold
答案：____中考英语 宾语从句考点（含答案）
一、that引导的宾语从句
### 知识点讲解
that在宾语从句中无实际含义，只起连接作用，可以省略。
结构：主句 + that + 从句（从句用陈述句语序）
例：I think (that) he is right.
例：She said (that) she would come.
真题训练
1. (2023 四川成都) I don't think ______ he will win the match.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
答案：C
2. (2022 山东济南) The teacher told us ______ the earth goes around the sun.
A. if B. that C. whether D. what
答案：B
3. (2024 广东广州) I believe ______ you can pass the exam if you work hard.
A. if B. whether C. that D. when
答案：C
二、if/whether引导的宾语从句
### 知识点讲解
if/whether意为"是否"，引导一般疑问句转化来的宾语从句。
注意：
1. 与or not连用时，只能用whether，不能用if
2. 介词后的宾语从句只能用whether
3. 不定式前只能用whether
结构：主句 + if/whether + 从句（陈述句语序）
例：I don't know if/whether he will come.
真题训练
1. (2024 北京) I don't know ______ he will come or not.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
答案：B
2. (2023 上海) She asked me ______ I had finished my homework.
A. if B. that C. what D. which
答案：A
3. (2022 江苏南京) We are talking about ______ we should have a meeting.
A. if B. whether C. that D. when
答案：B
三、疑问词引导的宾语从句
### 知识点讲解
疑问词（what/who/which/when/where/why/how等）引导的宾语从句，
由特殊疑问句转化而来，从句用陈述句语序。
结构：主句 + 疑问词 + 从句（陈述句语序）
例：I don't know what he is doing.
例：Can you tell me where the station is
真题训练
1. (2024 浙江杭州) Could you tell me ______ the nearest hospital is
A. what B. when C. where D. how
答案：C
2. (2023 湖北武汉) I wonder ______ he will come back from Shanghai.
A. what B. when C. where D. which
答案：B
3. (2022 陕西西安) Do you know ______ did this
A. who B. whom C. what D. which
答案：A
四、宾语从句的语序（重中之重）
### 知识点讲解
宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序，即：主语 + 谓语 + 其他。
注意：不管原句是什么疑问句，从句一律改为陈述句语序。
错误：I don't know where is he. (疑问语序 )
正确：I don't know where he is. (陈述语序 )
真题训练
1. (2024 重庆) Could you tell me ______
A. where is the library B. where the library is
C. where does the library D. the library is where
答案：B
2. (2023 湖南长沙) I don't know ______.
A. what is he doing B. what he is doing
C. what does he do D. what did he do
答案：B
3. (2022 广东深圳) The little boy asked ______.
A. when can he go home B. when he can go home
C. when could he go home D. when he could go home
答案：D
五、宾语从句的时态呼应
### 知识点讲解
1. 主句为一般现在时/将来时，从句可用任何需要的时态。
2. 主句为一般过去时，从句须用相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去将来时、过去完成时等）。
3. 从句为客观真理/自然现象/谚语格言时，无论主句什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。
例：The teacher said the earth goes around the sun. (客观真理)
真题训练
1. (2024 福建福州) My mother said she ______ me a new bike the next day.
A. will buy B. would buy C. buys D. bought
答案：B
2. (2023 河南郑州) The geography teacher told us that light ______ faster than sound.
A. travel B. travels C. traveled D. was traveling
答案：B
3. (2022 北京) He asked me what I ______ at that time yesterday.
A. do B. did C. was doing D. am doing
答案：C中考英语 宾语从句考点（练习版）
一、that引导的宾语从句
### 知识点讲解
that在宾语从句中无实际含义，只起连接作用，可以省略。
结构：主句 + that + 从句（从句用陈述句语序）
例：I think (that) he is right.
例：She said (that) she would come.
真题训练
1. (2023 四川成都) I don't think ______ he will win the match.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
答案：____
2. (2022 山东济南) The teacher told us ______ the earth goes around the sun.
A. if B. that C. whether D. what
答案：____
3. (2024 广东广州) I believe ______ you can pass the exam if you work hard.
A. if B. whether C. that D. when
答案：____
二、if/whether引导的宾语从句
### 知识点讲解
if/whether意为"是否"，引导一般疑问句转化来的宾语从句。
注意：
1. 与or not连用时，只能用whether，不能用if
2. 介词后的宾语从句只能用whether
3. 不定式前只能用whether
结构：主句 + if/whether + 从句（陈述句语序）
例：I don't know if/whether he will come.
真题训练
1. (2024 北京) I don't know ______ he will come or not.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
答案：____
2. (2023 上海) She asked me ______ I had finished my homework.
A. if B. that C. what D. which
答案：____
3. (2022 江苏南京) We are talking about ______ we should have a meeting.
A. if B. whether C. that D. when
答案：____
三、疑问词引导的宾语从句
### 知识点讲解
疑问词（what/who/which/when/where/why/how等）引导的宾语从句，
由特殊疑问句转化而来，从句用陈述句语序。
结构：主句 + 疑问词 + 从句（陈述句语序）
例：I don't know what he is doing.
例：Can you tell me where the station is
真题训练
1. (2024 浙江杭州) Could you tell me ______ the nearest hospital is
A. what B. when C. where D. how
答案：____
2. (2023 湖北武汉) I wonder ______ he will come back from Shanghai.
A. what B. when C. where D. which
答案：____
3. (2022 陕西西安) Do you know ______ did this
A. who B. whom C. what D. which
答案：____
四、宾语从句的语序（重中之重）
### 知识点讲解
宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序，即：主语 + 谓语 + 其他。
注意：不管原句是什么疑问句，从句一律改为陈述句语序。
错误：I don't know where is he. (疑问语序 )
正确：I don't know where he is. (陈述语序 )
真题训练
1. (2024 重庆) Could you tell me ______
A. where is the library B. where the library is
C. where does the library D. the library is where
答案：____
2. (2023 湖南长沙) I don't know ______.
A. what is he doing B. what he is doing
C. what does he do D. what did he do
答案：____
3. (2022 广东深圳) The little boy asked ______.
A. when can he go home B. when he can go home
C. when could he go home D. when he could go home
答案：____
五、宾语从句的时态呼应
### 知识点讲解
1. 主句为一般现在时/将来时，从句可用任何需要的时态。
2. 主句为一般过去时，从句须用相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去将来时、过去完成时等）。
3. 从句为客观真理/自然现象/谚语格言时，无论主句什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。
例：The teacher said the earth goes around the sun. (客观真理)
真题训练
1. (2024 福建福州) My mother said she ______ me a new bike the next day.
A. will buy B. would buy C. buys D. bought
答案：____
2. (2023 河南郑州) The geography teacher told us that light ______ faster than sound.
A. travel B. travels C. traveled D. was traveling
答案：____
3. (2022 北京) He asked me what I ______ at that time yesterday.
A. do B. did C. was doing D. am doing
答案：____中考英语——代词考点专项突破
一、人称代词
### 知识点讲解
人称代词分为主格（I/you/he/she/it/we/they）和宾格（me/you/him/her/it/us/them）。
主格在句中作主语（动作的发出者），放在动词前。
宾格在句中作宾语（动作的承受者）或表语，放在动词或介词后。
### 真题训练
1. (2023 北京) My mother is a doctor. ______ works in a big hospital.
A. She B. Her C. Hers D. Herself
答案：A 【解析】空处作主语，需用主格，指代My mother用She。
2. (2022 天津) —Is that your brother
—Yes, ______ is a student at Tsinghua University.
A. he B. him C. his D. himself
答案：A 【解析】空处作系动词is的主语，需用主格，指代your brother用he。
3. (2021 上海) We often go to the library on weekends. ______ books are very interesting.
A. We B. Us C. Our D. Ours
答案：A 【解析】空处后已有名词books，此处实际是主句缺主语（We often go...），We作主语用主格。注意此处题干完整，句子主语是We。
二、物主代词
### 知识点讲解
物主代词分为形容词性（my/your/his/her/its/our/their）和名词性（mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs）。
形容词性物主代词后必须跟名词，不能单独使用。
名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词，可单独使用，避免重复。
### 真题训练
1. (2023 广州) This is not ______ bag. ______ is red.
A. my; Mine B. mine; My C. my; My D. mine; Mine
答案：A 【解析】第一空后有名bag，需用形容词性my；第二空无名词，需用名词性Mine (= My bag)。
2. (2022 深圳) —Whose phone is this
—It's ______. I'm looking for it.
A. I B. me C. my D. mine
答案：D 【解析】空格后无名词，表示"我的手机"，需用名词性物主代词mine。
3. (2021 杭州) David is a good friend of ______. We often play basketball together.
A. I B. me C. my D. mine
答案：D 【解析】"a friend of + 名词性物主代词"为双重所有格结构，a friend of mine = 我的一个朋友。
三、反身代词
### 知识点讲解
反身代词表示动作反射到主语自身或起强调作用。
构成：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves。
常见搭配：enjoy oneself (玩得开心), by oneself (独自), teach oneself (自学), help oneself to (随便吃/用)。
### 真题训练
1. (2023 南京) The old man can't dress ______ because his hands hurt.
A. he B. him C. his D. himself
答案：D 【解析】dress oneself意为"给自己穿衣服"，主语The old man为第三人称单数，用himself。
2. (2022 武汉) —Did you enjoy ______ at the party, kids
—Yes, we had a great time!
A. you B. your C. yourself D. yourselves
答案：D 【解析】enjoy oneself为固定搭配，空格处宾语与主语kids（你们）一致，用yourselves。
3. (2021 成都) Be careful with the knife, or you may hurt ______.
A. you B. your C. yourself D. yours
答案：C 【解析】hurt oneself意为"伤到自己"，主语为you，用yourself。
四、指示代词
### 知识点讲解
指示代词包括this（这个）/ these（这些）/ that（那个）/ those（那些）。
this/these指代近处的人或事物；that/those指代远处的人或事物。
that常替代上文提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词，避免重复；those替代复数名词。
### 真题训练
1. (2023 重庆) Look at the cloud! ______ looks like a horse.
A. This B. That C. These D. Those
答案：B 【解析】指示远处的事物（云在天上）用That，且主语为单数。
2. (2022 长沙) The weather in Beijing is colder than ______ in Guangzhou in winter.
A. this B. that C. these D. those
答案：B 【解析】that替代上文不可数名词the weather，避免重复。比较结构"A比B的..."。
3. (2021 西安) ______ books on the desk are mine, and ______ over there are yours.
A. These; those B. This; that C. These; that D. This; those
答案：A 【解析】近处的书用These（复数），远处的用those（复数）。
五、不定代词
### 知识点讲解
不定代词包括：
1. some, any, no, every + body/one/thing 构成的复合不定代词。
2. both（两者都）, all（三者以上都）, either（两者中任一）, neither（两者都不）, none（三者以上都不）。
3. 注意：some-常用于肯定句，any-常用于疑问/否定句；形容词修饰复合不定代词时后置。
### 真题训练
1. (2023 武汉) There are two books on the desk. You can take ______ of them, but not both.
A. all B. both C. either D. neither
答案：C 【解析】范围是两者（two books），"取其中之一"用either of。句意：你可以取任意一本。
2. (2022 广州) —Did you buy ______ in the supermarket
—No, I bought ______.
A. something; nothing B. anything; nothing C. something; anything D. anything; something
答案：B 【解析】疑问句用anything；否定回答"什么都没买"用nothing。
3. (2021 深圳) ______ of the students passed the exam. Everyone failed.
A. All B. Both C. Neither D. None
答案：D 【解析】由Everyone failed可知名都不通过，需否定含义。None用于三者以上都不（students复数，不止两个）。
六、疑问代词
### 知识点讲解
疑问代词用于构成特殊疑问句：
who（谁，主格/宾格）/ whom（谁，宾格，正式）/ whose（谁的）/ which（哪个）/ what（什么）。
who问身份/姓名；what问职业/事物；which有选择范围时使用。
whose问所属关系，可单独使用或后接名词。
### 真题训练
1. (2023 上海) —______ is the man in a blue jacket
—He is my English teacher, Mr. Li.
A. Who B. Whom C. Whose D. Which
答案：A 【解析】询问人物身份（是谁），用Who。Whom为宾格形式，此处问主语不合适。
2. (2022 北京) —______ bag is this
—It's Lily's. Look! Her name is on it.
A. Who B. Whom C. Whose D. Which
答案：C 【解析】询问所属关系（是谁的包），空后有名bag，需用Whose做定语。
3. (2021 天津) —______ do you like better, tea or coffee
—Tea, please.
A. Who B. What C. Whose D. Which
答案：D 【解析】有明确选择范围（tea or coffee），用Which。中考英语——代词考点专项突破
一、人称代词
### 知识点讲解
人称代词分为主格（I/you/he/she/it/we/they）和宾格（me/you/him/her/it/us/them）。
主格在句中作主语（动作的发出者），放在动词前。
宾格在句中作宾语（动作的承受者）或表语，放在动词或介词后。
### 真题训练
1. (2023 北京) My mother is a doctor. ______ works in a big hospital.
A. She B. Her C. Hers D. Herself
答案：____
2. (2022 天津) —Is that your brother
—Yes, ______ is a student at Tsinghua University.
A. he B. him C. his D. himself
答案：____
3. (2021 上海) We often go to the library on weekends. ______ books are very interesting.
A. We B. Us C. Our D. Ours
答案：____
二、物主代词
### 知识点讲解
物主代词分为形容词性（my/your/his/her/its/our/their）和名词性（mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs）。
形容词性物主代词后必须跟名词，不能单独使用。
名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词，可单独使用，避免重复。
### 真题训练
1. (2023 广州) This is not ______ bag. ______ is red.
A. my; Mine B. mine; My C. my; My D. mine; Mine
答案：____
2. (2022 深圳) —Whose phone is this
—It's ______. I'm looking for it.
A. I B. me C. my D. mine
答案：____
3. (2021 杭州) David is a good friend of ______. We often play basketball together.
A. I B. me C. my D. mine
答案：____
三、反身代词
### 知识点讲解
反身代词表示动作反射到主语自身或起强调作用。
构成：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves。
常见搭配：enjoy oneself (玩得开心), by oneself (独自), teach oneself (自学), help oneself to (随便吃/用)。
### 真题训练
1. (2023 南京) The old man can't dress ______ because his hands hurt.
A. he B. him C. his D. himself
答案：____
2. (2022 武汉) —Did you enjoy ______ at the party, kids
—Yes, we had a great time!
A. you B. your C. yourself D. yourselves
答案：____
3. (2021 成都) Be careful with the knife, or you may hurt ______.
A. you B. your C. yourself D. yours
答案：____
四、指示代词
### 知识点讲解
指示代词包括this（这个）/ these（这些）/ that（那个）/ those（那些）。
this/these指代近处的人或事物；that/those指代远处的人或事物。
that常替代上文提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词，避免重复；those替代复数名词。
### 真题训练
1. (2023 重庆) Look at the cloud! ______ looks like a horse.
A. This B. That C. These D. Those
答案：____
2. (2022 长沙) The weather in Beijing is colder than ______ in Guangzhou in winter.
A. this B. that C. these D. those
答案：____
3. (2021 西安) ______ books on the desk are mine, and ______ over there are yours.
A. These; those B. This; that C. These; that D. This; those
答案：____
五、不定代词
### 知识点讲解
不定代词包括：
1. some, any, no, every + body/one/thing 构成的复合不定代词。
2. both（两者都）, all（三者以上都）, either（两者中任一）, neither（两者都不）, none（三者以上都不）。
3. 注意：some-常用于肯定句，any-常用于疑问/否定句；形容词修饰复合不定代词时后置。
### 真题训练
1. (2023 武汉) There are two books on the desk. You can take ______ of them, but not both.
A. all B. both C. either D. neither
答案：____
2. (2022 广州) —Did you buy ______ in the supermarket
—No, I bought ______.
A. something; nothing B. anything; nothing C. something; anything D. anything; something
答案：____
3. (2021 深圳) ______ of the students passed the exam. Everyone failed.
A. All B. Both C. Neither D. None
答案：____
六、疑问代词
### 知识点讲解
疑问代词用于构成特殊疑问句：
who（谁，主格/宾格）/ whom（谁，宾格，正式）/ whose（谁的）/ which（哪个）/ what（什么）。
who问身份/姓名；what问职业/事物；which有选择范围时使用。
whose问所属关系，可单独使用或后接名词。
### 真题训练
1. (2023 上海) —______ is the man in a blue jacket
—He is my English teacher, Mr. Li.
A. Who B. Whom C. Whose D. Which
答案：____
2. (2022 北京) —______ bag is this
—It's Lily's. Look! Her name is on it.
A. Who B. Whom C. Whose D. Which
答案：____
3. (2021 天津) —______ do you like better, tea or coffee
—Tea, please.
A. Who B. What C. Whose D. Which
答案：____中考英语定语从句考点（含答案）
一、关系代词who/whom/that指人
### 知识点讲解
who/whom/that均可指人。who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语（通常可用who代替），that可作主语或宾语。在口语中who常代替whom。
例：The man who is standing there is my teacher. （who作主语）
例：The girl (whom/who/that) you met yesterday is my sister. （whom/who/that作宾语，可省略）
### 真题训练
1. (2023 北京) The man ______ is talking to our teacher is my father. 答案：who
（真题来源：各地中考真题）
2. (2022 上海) The foreigner ______ visited our school last week is from Australia. 答案：who/that
（真题来源：各地中考真题）
3. (2023 广州) Do you know the lady ______ is standing under the tree 答案：who/that
（真题来源：各地中考真题）
二、关系代词which/that指物
### 知识点讲解
which和that均可指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可省略。
例：This is the book which/that I bought yesterday. （作宾语，可省略）
例：The dog which/that is running there is mine. （作主语）
### 真题训练
1. (2023 天津) I like the music ______ I can dance to. 答案：that/which
（真题来源：各地中考真题）
2. (2022 重庆) The movie ______ we watched last night was very touching. 答案：that/which
（真题来源：各地中考真题）
3. (2023 深圳) The factory ______ was built last year produces cars. 答案：that/which
（真题来源：各地中考真题）
三、关系副词when/where/why
### 知识点讲解
when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于"介词+which"；where指地点，在从句中作地点状语；why指原因，在从句中作原因状语，先行词通常是reason。
例：I still remember the day when I first came here. (when = on which)
例：This is the school where I studied. (where = in which)
例：Tell me the reason why you were late. (why = for which)
### 真题训练
1. (2023 武汉) I'll never forget the days ______ we spent together on the farm. （注：此处spent缺宾语，应填that/which，非when）
A. when B. which C. what D. who 答案：B
（真题来源：各地中考真题）
2. (2022 成都) The city ______ I was born is very beautiful. 答案：where
（真题来源：各地中考真题）
3. (2023 西安) Can you tell me the reason ______ you were absent from school 答案：why
（真题来源：各地中考真题）
四、关系代词whose
### 知识点讲解
whose表示"某人的/某物的"，既可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语。
例：This is the boy whose mother is a doctor. (whose指人，作定语)
例：I live in a room whose window faces south. (whose指物，作定语)
### 真题训练
1. (2023 杭州) The girl ______ father is a famous scientist won the first prize. 答案：whose
（真题来源：各地中考真题）
2. (2022 南京) I like the house ______ windows are big and bright. 答案：whose
（真题来源：各地中考真题）
3. (2023 济南) Do you know the boy ______ bike was stolen yesterday 答案：whose
（真题来源：各地中考真题）
五、只能用that不用which的情况
### 知识点讲解
先行词为下列情况时，关系代词只能用that不能用which：
① 先行词为不定代词（all, little, few, much, everything, nothing, anything等）
② 先行词被序数词（first, second等）修饰
③ 先行词被最高级（best, most等）修饰
④ 先行词被the only, the very, the same等修饰
⑤ 先行词既有人又有物
例：This is the best film that I have ever seen.
例：The first thing that we should do is to study hard.
例：All that can be done has been done.
### 真题训练
1. (2023 杭州) This is the most beautiful park ______ I have ever visited. 答案：that
（真题来源：各地中考真题）
2. (2022 福州) The first lesson ______ we learned was very interesting. 答案：that
（真题来源：各地中考真题）
3. (2023 厦门) All ______ you have to do is to finish the work on time. 答案：that
（真题来源：各地中考真题）
六、非限制性定语从句
### 知识点讲解
非限制性定语从句与先行词之间用逗号隔开，去掉后不影响主句的完整性。不能用that引导，指人用who/whom，指物用which。
例：My mother, who is a teacher, works very hard.
例：I have a new bike, which I like very much.
### 真题训练
1. (2023 北京) My sister, ______ works in Beijing, will come back next week. 答案：who
（真题来源：各地中考真题）
2. (2022 上海) He passed the exam, ______ made his parents happy. 答案：which
（真题来源：各地中考真题）
3. (2023 深圳) The Great Wall, ______ is known all over the world, attracts many tourists. 答案：which
（真题来源：各地中考真题）中考英语定语从句考点（练习版）
一、关系代词who/whom/that指人
### 知识点讲解
who/whom/that均可指人。who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语（通常可用who代替），that可作主语或宾语。在口语中who常代替whom。
例：The man who is standing there is my teacher. （who作主语）
例：The girl (whom/who/that) you met yesterday is my sister. （whom/who/that作宾语，可省略）
### 真题训练
1. (2023 北京) The man ______ is talking to our teacher is my father. 答案：____
2. (2022 上海) The foreigner ______ visited our school last week is from Australia. 答案：____
3. (2023 广州) Do you know the lady ______ is standing under the tree 答案：____
二、关系代词which/that指物
### 知识点讲解
which和that均可指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可省略。
例：This is the book which/that I bought yesterday. （作宾语，可省略）
例：The dog which/that is running there is mine. （作主语）
### 真题训练
1. (2023 天津) I like the music ______ I can dance to. 答案：____
2. (2022 重庆) The movie ______ we watched last night was very touching. 答案：____
3. (2023 深圳) The factory ______ was built last year produces cars. 答案：____
三、关系副词when/where/why
### 知识点讲解
when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于"介词+which"；where指地点，在从句中作地点状语；why指原因，在从句中作原因状语，先行词通常是reason。
例：I still remember the day when I first came here. (when = on which)
例：This is the school where I studied. (where = in which)
例：Tell me the reason why you were late. (why = for which)
### 真题训练
1. (2023 武汉) I'll never forget the days ______ we spent together on the farm. （注：此处spent缺宾语，应填that/which，非when）
A. when B. which C. what D. who 答案：____
2. (2022 成都) The city ______ I was born is very beautiful. 答案：____
3. (2023 西安) Can you tell me the reason ______ you were absent from school 答案：____
四、关系代词whose
### 知识点讲解
whose表示"某人的/某物的"，既可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语。
例：This is the boy whose mother is a doctor. (whose指人，作定语)
例：I live in a room whose window faces south. (whose指物，作定语)
### 真题训练
1. (2023 杭州) The girl ______ father is a famous scientist won the first prize. 答案：____
2. (2022 南京) I like the house ______ windows are big and bright. 答案：____
3. (2023 济南) Do you know the boy ______ bike was stolen yesterday 答案：____
五、只能用that不用which的情况
### 知识点讲解
先行词为下列情况时，关系代词只能用that不能用which：
① 先行词为不定代词（all, little, few, much, everything, nothing, anything等）
② 先行词被序数词（first, second等）修饰
③ 先行词被最高级（best, most等）修饰
④ 先行词被the only, the very, the same等修饰
⑤ 先行词既有人又有物
例：This is the best film that I have ever seen.
例：The first thing that we should do is to study hard.
例：All that can be done has been done.
### 真题训练
1. (2023 杭州) This is the most beautiful park ______ I have ever visited. 答案：____
2. (2022 福州) The first lesson ______ we learned was very interesting. 答案：____
3. (2023 厦门) All ______ you have to do is to finish the work on time. 答案：____
六、非限制性定语从句
### 知识点讲解
非限制性定语从句与先行词之间用逗号隔开，去掉后不影响主句的完整性。不能用that引导，指人用who/whom，指物用which。
例：My mother, who is a teacher, works very hard.
例：I have a new bike, which I like very much.
### 真题训练
1. (2023 北京) My sister, ______ works in Beijing, will come back next week. 答案：____
2. (2022 上海) He passed the exam, ______ made his parents happy. 答案：____
3. (2023 深圳) The Great Wall, ______ is known all over the world, attracts many tourists. 答案：____中考英语动词考点专题训练（含答案）
考点一：情态动词
【考点讲解】
情态动词用于表达说话人的语气、态度或情感，不能单独作谓语，必须与动词原形连用。
高频情态动词用法：
1. can/could：表示能力"能/会"或请求许可。could 是过去式，语气更委婉。
2. may/might：表示请求许可或可能性。might 语气更弱。
3. must：表示"必须"（主观义务），否定式 mustn't 表示"禁止"。表示"一定"（肯定推测）。
4. have to：表示"不得不"（客观需要），有人称和时态变化。
5. should/ought to：表示"应该"，用于建议或义务。
6. will/would：表示意愿或将来。would 表过去习惯或更委婉。
7. need：作情态动词时用于否定句和疑问句，表示"需要"。
8. dare：作情态动词时用于否定句和疑问句，表示"敢于"。
注意：must 提问时，否定回答用 needn't/don't have to（不必），不用 mustn't。
can't 表示"不可能"（否定推测），must 表示"一定"（肯定推测）。
【中考真题】
1. —Must I finish the report today —No, you ______. You can finish it tomorrow.
A. mustn't
B. needn't
C. can't
D. shouldn't
答案：B（2024河北卷）
2. —Listen! Someone is singing in the next room. Who ______ it be —It must be Lily. She loves singing.
A. can
B. must
C. should
D. need
答案：A（2023广州卷）
3. You ______ take the subway to the airport. It's faster and more convenient.
A. could
B. would
C. should
D. need
答案：C（2022杭州卷）
考点二：动词时态
【考点讲解】
动词时态由"时"（现在/过去/将来/过去将来）和"态"（一般/进行/完成/完成进行）组合而成。
中考七大高频时态：
1. 一般现在时：表示经常性动作或客观真理。结构：主语+V原/三单。标志词：always/often/every day。
2. 一般过去时：表示过去发生的动作或状态。结构：主语+V-ed。标志词：yesterday/last week/ago。
3. 现在进行时：表示现在正在进行的动作。结构：am/is/are + doing。标志词：now/at the moment/Listen!。
4. 过去进行时：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。结构：was/were + doing。
5. 一般将来时：表示将要发生的动作。结构：will + V原 或 am/is/are going to + V原。标志词：tomorrow/next week。
6. 现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，或持续到现在的动作。结构：have/has + 过去分词。标志词：already/yet/ever/never/since/for。
7. 过去完成时：表示"过去的过去"发生的动作。结构：had + 过去分词。常与 by/before + 过去时间连用。
【中考真题】
1. —Where is your father —He ______ the car in the garage.
A. washes
B. is washing
C. washed
D. has washed
答案：B（2024深圳卷）
2. I ______ the movie The Wandering Earth II twice already. It's so wonderful!
A. saw
B. see
C. have seen
D. had seen
答案：C（2023北京卷）
3. By the time I got to the station, the train ______ already ______.
A. has; left
B. had; left
C. was; leaving
D. would; leave
答案：B（2022成都卷）
考点三：被动语态
【考点讲解】
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，结构为"be + 过去分词"。
高频被动语态结构：
1. 一般现在时被动：am/is/are + done。如：English is spoken all over the world.
2. 一般过去时被动：was/were + done。如：The bridge was built in 2020.
3. 情态动词被动：情态动词 + be + done。如：The work must be finished today.
4. 现在完成时被动：have/has + been + done。如：The problem has been solved.
5. 一般将来时被动：will be + done 或 am/is/are going to be + done。
注意：不及物动词无被动语态（如 happen/take place/appear/come true）。
感官动词和使役动词在主动语态后接省to不定式，变为被动语态要恢复to：
I saw him cross the street. → He was seen to cross the street.
【中考真题】
1. Many trees ______ on the hill every spring in our city.
A. plant
B. are planted
C. were planted
D. will be planted
答案：B（2024长沙卷）
2. The 19th Asian Games ______ in Hangzhou in 2023 successfully.
A. held
B. was held
C. were held
D. have been held
答案：C（2023武汉卷）
3. Teenagers ______ to take more outdoor activities for their health.
A. should encourage
B. should be encouraged
C. encouraged
D. are encouraging
答案：B（2022南京卷）
考点四：非谓语动词
【考点讲解】
非谓语动词包括动词不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）和分词（doing/done）。
一、动词不定式（to do）
1. 作宾语：want to do, hope to do, decide to do, learn to do
2. 作宾补：ask sb to do, tell sb to do, want sb to do
3. 作目的状语：He came here to learn Chinese.
4. 作主语：To learn English well is important.
5. 疑问词+不定式：I don't know what to do./Can you tell me how to get there
二、动名词（doing）
1. 作宾语：enjoy doing, finish doing, practice doing, mind doing, keep doing, suggest doing
2. 作主语：Swimming is good for health.
3. 介词后作宾语：Thanks for helping me./He is interested in playing chess.
三、分词（doing/done）
1. 现在分词（doing）表示主动/进行：The boy running there is my brother.
2. 过去分词（done）表示被动/完成：The book written by Lu Xun is popular.
易混点：
stop to do（停下来去做某事）/ stop doing（停止做某事）
remember to do（记得要做）/ remember doing（记得做过）
forget to do（忘记要做）/ forget doing（忘记做过）
try to do（尽力做）/ try doing（尝试做）
【中考真题】
1. My mother always tells me ______ too much junk food.
A. not eat
B. not to eat
C. don't eat
D. to not eat
答案：B（2024重庆卷）
2. —Would you mind ______ the window It's too cold outside. —Of course not.
A. close
B. to close
C. closing
D. closed
答案：C（2023济南卷）
3. The museum ______ last year is now open to the public for free.
A. built
B. building
C. to build
D. was built
答案：A（2022苏州卷）
考点五：动词短语
【考点讲解】
动词短语由"动词+介词/副词"构成，常见核心动词短语搭配：
1. look 短语：
look after 照顾 / look for 寻找 / look forward to 期待 / look up 查阅 / look through 浏览 / look out 小心
2. come 短语：
come from 来自 / come out 出版/出来 / come true 实现 / come up with 想出 / come across 偶遇 / come on 加油
3. get 短语：
get up 起床 / get along/on with 与…相处 / get ready for 为…准备 / get over 克服 / get used to 习惯 / get together 聚会
4. take 短语：
take care of 照顾 / take part in 参加 / take place 发生 / take off 脱下/起飞 / take up 开始从事 / take away 带走
5. put 短语：
put on 穿上 / put off 推迟 / put away 收好 / put up 张贴/搭建 / put out 扑灭
6. turn 短语：
turn on 打开 / turn off 关上 / turn up 调大/出现 / turn down 调小/拒绝 / turn into 变成
7. give 短语：
give up 放弃 / give out 分发/耗尽 / give away 赠送 / give back 归还
8. make 短语：
make up 编造/组成 / make sure 确保 / make a difference 有影响 / make friends with 与…交朋友
【中考真题】
1. I am really looking ______ to the summer vacation with my family.
A. for
B. after
C. forward
D. up
答案：C（2024天津卷）
2. The meeting has been ______ because of the heavy rain.
A. put off
B. put on
C. put up
D. put away
答案：A（2023上海卷）
3. We should ______ a good idea to solve this problem together.
A. come up with
B. come out
C. come from
D. come true
答案：A（2022北京卷）
考点六：主谓一致
【考点讲解】
主谓一致指谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致，主要遵循三个原则：
一、语法一致原则（形式一致）
1. 单数主语+单数谓语，复数主语+复数谓语。
2. 主语后有 with/together with/as well as/along with + 名词时，谓语与前面的主语一致。
The teacher, together with his students, is going to the museum.
3. either...or... / neither...nor... / not only...but also... 连接主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则，与最近的主语一致。
二、意义一致原则（意义一致）
1. 集体名词（family/class/team/group）强调整体用单数，强调成员用复数。
2. 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词作主语时，看作整体，谓语用单数。
Ten years is a long time.
3. mathematics/physics/news 等以-s结尾的名词，作主语时谓语用单数。
4. the + 形容词表示一类人（the rich/the poor/the young），谓语用复数。
三、就近原则
1. there be 句型中，be 动词与最近的主语保持一致。（There is a pen and two books.）
2. either...or... / neither...nor... / not only...but also... 连接主语时，谓语与靠近的名词保持一致。
【中考真题】
1. Not only the students but also their teacher ______ interested in the new book.
A. are
B. is
C. were
D. have been
答案：B（2024西安卷）
2. The family ______ having dinner when I called them last night.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
答案：D（2023福州卷）
3. There ______ a pair of shoes and two shirts on the bed.
A. is
B. are
C. have
D. has
答案：A（2022合肥卷）
考点七：使役动词和感官动词
【考点讲解】
一、使役动词（make / let / have / get）
1. make + 宾语 + 省to不定式（make sb do sth 让某人做某事）
被动结构：be made to do（要恢复to）
2. let + 宾语 + 省to不定式（let sb do sth 让某人做某事）
被动结构：be let do（较少用）
3. have + 宾语 + 省to不定式（have sb do sth 让某人做某事）
常见搭配：have sth done（让别人做某事/遭遇某事）
4. get + 宾语 + to do（get sb to do sth 让某人做某事，须带to）
常见搭配：get sth done（把某事做完）
二、感官动词（see / watch / hear / notice / feel）
1. 感官动词 + 宾语 + 省to不定式：表示动作全过程/已完成。
I saw him cross the street.（看见他过了马路——强调全过程）
被动结构：be seen/watched/heard/noticed/felt to do（恢复to）
2. 感官动词 + 宾语 + doing：表示动作正在进行。
I saw him crossing the street.（看见他正在过马路——强调正在进行）
被动结构：be seen/watched/heard/noticed/felt doing
注意：区别 make sb do（强迫/致使）和 let sb do（允许）以及 have sb do（安排）。
【中考真题】
1. The funny story made all the children ______ loudly.
A. laugh
B. to laugh
C. laughing
D. laughed
答案：A（2024郑州卷）
2. When I passed by, I heard someone ______ for help in the river.
A. cried
B. to cry
C. crying
D. cry
答案：C（2023青岛卷）
3. My mother had me ______ my room every weekend when I was a child.
A. clean
B. to clean
C. cleaning
D. cleaned
答案：A（2022厦门卷）中考英语动词考点专题训练（练习版）
考点一：情态动词
【考点讲解】
情态动词用于表达说话人的语气、态度或情感，不能单独作谓语，必须与动词原形连用。
高频情态动词用法：
1. can/could：表示能力"能/会"或请求许可。could 是过去式，语气更委婉。
2. may/might：表示请求许可或可能性。might 语气更弱。
3. must：表示"必须"（主观义务），否定式 mustn't 表示"禁止"。表示"一定"（肯定推测）。
4. have to：表示"不得不"（客观需要），有人称和时态变化。
5. should/ought to：表示"应该"，用于建议或义务。
6. will/would：表示意愿或将来。would 表过去习惯或更委婉。
7. need：作情态动词时用于否定句和疑问句，表示"需要"。
8. dare：作情态动词时用于否定句和疑问句，表示"敢于"。
注意：must 提问时，否定回答用 needn't/don't have to（不必），不用 mustn't。
can't 表示"不可能"（否定推测），must 表示"一定"（肯定推测）。
【中考真题】
1. —Must I finish the report today —No, you ______. You can finish it tomorrow.
A. mustn't
B. needn't
C. can't
D. shouldn't
答案：______
2. —Listen! Someone is singing in the next room. Who ______ it be —It must be Lily. She loves singing.
A. can
B. must
C. should
D. need
答案：______
3. You ______ take the subway to the airport. It's faster and more convenient.
A. could
B. would
C. should
D. need
答案：______
考点二：动词时态
【考点讲解】
动词时态由"时"（现在/过去/将来/过去将来）和"态"（一般/进行/完成/完成进行）组合而成。
中考七大高频时态：
1. 一般现在时：表示经常性动作或客观真理。结构：主语+V原/三单。标志词：always/often/every day。
2. 一般过去时：表示过去发生的动作或状态。结构：主语+V-ed。标志词：yesterday/last week/ago。
3. 现在进行时：表示现在正在进行的动作。结构：am/is/are + doing。标志词：now/at the moment/Listen!。
4. 过去进行时：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。结构：was/were + doing。
5. 一般将来时：表示将要发生的动作。结构：will + V原 或 am/is/are going to + V原。标志词：tomorrow/next week。
6. 现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，或持续到现在的动作。结构：have/has + 过去分词。标志词：already/yet/ever/never/since/for。
7. 过去完成时：表示"过去的过去"发生的动作。结构：had + 过去分词。常与 by/before + 过去时间连用。
【中考真题】
1. —Where is your father —He ______ the car in the garage.
A. washes
B. is washing
C. washed
D. has washed
答案：______
2. I ______ the movie The Wandering Earth II twice already. It's so wonderful!
A. saw
B. see
C. have seen
D. had seen
答案：______
3. By the time I got to the station, the train ______ already ______.
A. has; left
B. had; left
C. was; leaving
D. would; leave
答案：______
考点三：被动语态
【考点讲解】
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，结构为"be + 过去分词"。
高频被动语态结构：
1. 一般现在时被动：am/is/are + done。如：English is spoken all over the world.
2. 一般过去时被动：was/were + done。如：The bridge was built in 2020.
3. 情态动词被动：情态动词 + be + done。如：The work must be finished today.
4. 现在完成时被动：have/has + been + done。如：The problem has been solved.
5. 一般将来时被动：will be + done 或 am/is/are going to be + done。
注意：不及物动词无被动语态（如 happen/take place/appear/come true）。
感官动词和使役动词在主动语态后接省to不定式，变为被动语态要恢复to：
I saw him cross the street. → He was seen to cross the street.
【中考真题】
1. Many trees ______ on the hill every spring in our city.
A. plant
B. are planted
C. were planted
D. will be planted
答案：______
2. The 19th Asian Games ______ in Hangzhou in 2023 successfully.
A. held
B. was held
C. were held
D. have been held
答案：______
3. Teenagers ______ to take more outdoor activities for their health.
A. should encourage
B. should be encouraged
C. encouraged
D. are encouraging
答案：______
考点四：非谓语动词
【考点讲解】
非谓语动词包括动词不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）和分词（doing/done）。
一、动词不定式（to do）
1. 作宾语：want to do, hope to do, decide to do, learn to do
2. 作宾补：ask sb to do, tell sb to do, want sb to do
3. 作目的状语：He came here to learn Chinese.
4. 作主语：To learn English well is important.
5. 疑问词+不定式：I don't know what to do./Can you tell me how to get there
二、动名词（doing）
1. 作宾语：enjoy doing, finish doing, practice doing, mind doing, keep doing, suggest doing
2. 作主语：Swimming is good for health.
3. 介词后作宾语：Thanks for helping me./He is interested in playing chess.
三、分词（doing/done）
1. 现在分词（doing）表示主动/进行：The boy running there is my brother.
2. 过去分词（done）表示被动/完成：The book written by Lu Xun is popular.
易混点：
stop to do（停下来去做某事）/ stop doing（停止做某事）
remember to do（记得要做）/ remember doing（记得做过）
forget to do（忘记要做）/ forget doing（忘记做过）
try to do（尽力做）/ try doing（尝试做）
【中考真题】
1. My mother always tells me ______ too much junk food.
A. not eat
B. not to eat
C. don't eat
D. to not eat
答案：______
2. —Would you mind ______ the window It's too cold outside. —Of course not.
A. close
B. to close
C. closing
D. closed
答案：______
3. The museum ______ last year is now open to the public for free.
A. built
B. building
C. to build
D. was built
答案：______
考点五：动词短语
【考点讲解】
动词短语由"动词+介词/副词"构成，常见核心动词短语搭配：
1. look 短语：
look after 照顾 / look for 寻找 / look forward to 期待 / look up 查阅 / look through 浏览 / look out 小心
2. come 短语：
come from 来自 / come out 出版/出来 / come true 实现 / come up with 想出 / come across 偶遇 / come on 加油
3. get 短语：
get up 起床 / get along/on with 与…相处 / get ready for 为…准备 / get over 克服 / get used to 习惯 / get together 聚会
4. take 短语：
take care of 照顾 / take part in 参加 / take place 发生 / take off 脱下/起飞 / take up 开始从事 / take away 带走
5. put 短语：
put on 穿上 / put off 推迟 / put away 收好 / put up 张贴/搭建 / put out 扑灭
6. turn 短语：
turn on 打开 / turn off 关上 / turn up 调大/出现 / turn down 调小/拒绝 / turn into 变成
7. give 短语：
give up 放弃 / give out 分发/耗尽 / give away 赠送 / give back 归还
8. make 短语：
make up 编造/组成 / make sure 确保 / make a difference 有影响 / make friends with 与…交朋友
【中考真题】
1. I am really looking ______ to the summer vacation with my family.
A. for
B. after
C. forward
D. up
答案：______
2. The meeting has been ______ because of the heavy rain.
A. put off
B. put on
C. put up
D. put away
答案：______
3. We should ______ a good idea to solve this problem together.
A. come up with
B. come out
C. come from
D. come true
答案：______
考点六：主谓一致
【考点讲解】
主谓一致指谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致，主要遵循三个原则：
一、语法一致原则（形式一致）
1. 单数主语+单数谓语，复数主语+复数谓语。
2. 主语后有 with/together with/as well as/along with + 名词时，谓语与前面的主语一致。
The teacher, together with his students, is going to the museum.
3. either...or... / neither...nor... / not only...but also... 连接主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则，与最近的主语一致。
二、意义一致原则（意义一致）
1. 集体名词（family/class/team/group）强调整体用单数，强调成员用复数。
2. 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词作主语时，看作整体，谓语用单数。
Ten years is a long time.
3. mathematics/physics/news 等以-s结尾的名词，作主语时谓语用单数。
4. the + 形容词表示一类人（the rich/the poor/the young），谓语用复数。
三、就近原则
1. there be 句型中，be 动词与最近的主语保持一致。（There is a pen and two books.）
2. either...or... / neither...nor... / not only...but also... 连接主语时，谓语与靠近的名词保持一致。
【中考真题】
1. Not only the students but also their teacher ______ interested in the new book.
A. are
B. is
C. were
D. have been
答案：______
2. The family ______ having dinner when I called them last night.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
答案：______
3. There ______ a pair of shoes and two shirts on the bed.
A. is
B. are
C. have
D. has
答案：______
考点七：使役动词和感官动词
【考点讲解】
一、使役动词（make / let / have / get）
1. make + 宾语 + 省to不定式（make sb do sth 让某人做某事）
被动结构：be made to do（要恢复to）
2. let + 宾语 + 省to不定式（let sb do sth 让某人做某事）
被动结构：be let do（较少用）
3. have + 宾语 + 省to不定式（have sb do sth 让某人做某事）
常见搭配：have sth done（让别人做某事/遭遇某事）
4. get + 宾语 + to do（get sb to do sth 让某人做某事，须带to）
常见搭配：get sth done（把某事做完）
二、感官动词（see / watch / hear / notice / feel）
1. 感官动词 + 宾语 + 省to不定式：表示动作全过程/已完成。
I saw him cross the street.（看见他过了马路——强调全过程）
被动结构：be seen/watched/heard/noticed/felt to do（恢复to）
2. 感官动词 + 宾语 + doing：表示动作正在进行。
I saw him crossing the street.（看见他正在过马路——强调正在进行）
被动结构：be seen/watched/heard/noticed/felt doing
注意：区别 make sb do（强迫/致使）和 let sb do（允许）以及 have sb do（安排）。
【中考真题】
1. The funny story made all the children ______ loudly.
A. laugh
B. to laugh
C. laughing
D. laughed
答案：______
2. When I passed by, I heard someone ______ for help in the river.
A. cried
B. to cry
C. crying
D. cry
答案：______
3. My mother had me ______ my room every weekend when I was a child.
A. clean
B. to clean
C. cleaning
D. cleaned
答案：______非谓语动词考点
中考英语·非谓语动词语法精讲与真题训练（2022-2024）
非谓语动词是中考英语语法考查的重点和难点，主要包括动词不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）和分词（现在分词doing / 过去分词done）三种形式。本资料按知识点分类，每个知识点配以精选的中考真题（2022-2024年），帮助同学们系统掌握非谓语动词的用法。
一、动词不定式（to do）
1. 不定式作宾语
知识点讲解
动词不定式“to do”在句中可作宾语，常见后接不定式作宾语的动词有：
want / hope / decide / refuse / learn / plan / agree / promise / expect / wish / offer / choose / fail / manage 等。
例句：I want to be a teacher.（我想成为一名老师。）
She decided to give up smoking.（她决定戒烟。）
特殊：某些动词后接不定式作宾语时，可用it作形式宾语：
I find it interesting to learn English.（我发现学英语很有趣。）
真题训练
1. (2024 江苏扬州) My mother hopes ______ a doctor in the future.
A. be B. being C. to be D. been
答案：C 解析：hope to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“希望做某事”；hope后接不定式作宾语。
2. (2023 北京) The young man refused ______ the medicine because it was too bitter.
A. take B. taking C. to take D. took
答案：C 解析：refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事，不定式作宾语。
3. (2024 广州) They have planned ______ a sports meeting next month.
A. hold B. holding C. held D. to hold
答案：D 解析：plan to do sth. 计划做某事，不定式作宾语。
2. 不定式作宾语补足语
知识点讲解
不定式可跟在某些动词后作宾补，常见结构：
ask / tell / want / need / expect / invite / allow / order / warn / encourage sb. to do sth.
注意：使役动词（make / let / have）和感官动词（see / hear / watch / notice / feel）后接不定式作宾补时，省略to。
例句：My mother asked me to clean the room.（妈妈让我打扫房间。）
I saw him cross the street.（我看见他过了马路。——强调全过程）
被动语态中，省略的to要还原：He was seen to cross the street.
真题训练
4. (2024 福建) The teacher often tells us ______ careful when we cross the road.
A. be B. being C. to be D. been
答案：C 解析：tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事，不定式作宾补。
5. (2023 河南) My parents encourage me ______ more books in my free time.
A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads
答案：C 解析：encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事。
6. (2024 上海) The funny story made all of us ______ happily.
A. laugh B. laughing C. to laugh D. laughed
答案：A 解析：make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事，make为使役动词，后接省略to的不定式作宾补。
3. 不定式作目的状语
知识点讲解
不定式可置于句首或句末，表示目的，意为“为了……”。
例句：To get good grades, he studies hard every day.
He went to the library to borrow some books.
注意：否定形式为 in order not to do 或 so as not to do。
真题训练
7. (2023 重庆) ______ more about Chinese culture, he decided to travel to Beijing.
A. Learn B. Learning C. To learn D. Learned
答案：C 解析：不定式置于句首作目的状语，表示“为了了解更多中国文化”。
8. (2022 陕西) He got up early ______ the early bus.
A. catch B. catching C. to catch D. caught
答案：C 解析：不定式作目的状语，表示“为了赶上早班车”。
4. 不定式作定语
知识点讲解
不定式作定语通常放在所修饰的名词或代词之后，表示“要做的事”。
常见结构：something / anything / nothing + to do；
a chance / way / place / time + to do。
例句：I have something important to tell you.（我有重要的事要告诉你。）
She is looking for a place to live.（她在找一个住的地方。）
真题训练
9. (2024 天津) I have a lot of homework ______ today.
A. do B. doing C. did D. to do
答案：D 解析：不定式作后置定语，修饰homework，表示“要做的作业”。
10. (2023 安徽) Would you like something ______
A. drink B. drinking C. drank D. to drink
答案：D 解析：不定式作定语修饰something，something to drink意为“喝的东西”。
5. 不定式作主语
知识点讲解
不定式可作主语，但常用it作形式主语，将真正的主语（不定式）后置。
句型：It + be + adj. + (for/of sb.) + to do sth.
例句：It is important to learn English well.（学好英语很重要。）
It is kind of you to help me.（你帮助我真是太好了。）
for sb. 侧重事情本身，of sb. 侧重人的品质。
真题训练
11. (2024 广东) It is very important ______ the traffic rules.
A. follow B. following C. to follow D. followed
答案：C 解析：it作形式主语，不定式to follow the traffic rules是真正主语。
12. (2023 湖北武汉) It's very nice of you ______ me with my English.
A. help B. helping C. helped D. to help
答案：D 解析：It is + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. 句型，of强调人的品质特点。
二、动名词（doing）
1. 动名词作宾语（固定搭配）
知识点讲解
动名词（doing）在句中作宾语，常见后接动名词的动词及短语：
enjoy / avoid / suggest / finish / mind / practice / consider / imagine / keep / admit / miss / recommend / risk / can’t help / give up / put off / be worth / be busy 等。
例句：I enjoy reading books.（我喜欢读书。）
Would you mind opening the window （你介意打开窗户吗？）
He finished doing his homework.（他做完了作业。）
真题训练
13. (2024 浙江) Would you mind ______ the window It's too hot.
A. open B. opening C. to open D. opened
答案：B 解析：mind doing sth. 介意做某事，固定搭配。
14. (2023 湖南长沙) I suggest ______ a picnic this weekend.
A. have B. having C. to have D. had
答案：B 解析：suggest doing sth. 建议做某事，suggest后接动名词作宾语。
15. (2024 四川成都) We should practice ______ English every day.
A. speak B. speaking C. to speak D. spoke
答案：B 解析：practice doing sth. 练习做某事，固定搭配。
2. 动名词作主语
知识点讲解
动名词可在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数。
动名词作主语通常表示泛指、抽象的动作。
例句：Reading aloud is good for your English.（大声朗读对英语有好处。）
Swimming is my favourite sport.（游泳是我最喜欢的运动。）
注意：动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别：
动名词侧重一般、抽象；不定式侧重具体、一次性的动作。
真题训练
16. (2023 山东济南) ______ on the road is very dangerous.
A. Play B. Playing C. Plays D. To playing
答案：B 解析：动名词作主语表示泛指，“在路上玩耍是很危险的”，谓语用单数。
17. (2022 江西) ______ more fruits and vegetables is good for our health.
A. Eat B. Eating C. Ate D. Eaten
答案：B 解析：动名词eating作主语，表示“吃更多水果蔬菜”这一抽象概念。
3. 介词后接动名词
知识点讲解
介词（in, on, at, by, for, of, about, without等）后接动词时，必须用动名词形式。
常见结构：be interested in doing / be good at doing / be afraid of doing / be tired of doing / look forward to doing / be used to doing / pay attention to doing
注意：to在固定短语中如果是介词（如look forward to, be used to, pay attention to），后接动名词。
例句：He is good at playing basketball.（他擅长打篮球。）
I look forward to hearing from you.（我期待收到你的来信。）
真题训练
18. (2024 辽宁) He is interested ______ different kinds of plants.
A. in collect B. in collecting C. to collect D. for collecting
答案：B 解析：be interested in doing sth. 对做某事感兴趣，in为介词，后接动名词。
19. (2023 山西) I'm looking forward ______ you again.
A. to see B. to seeing C. see D. seeing
答案：B 解析：look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事，这里的to是介词，后接动名词。
三、分词（现在分词doing / 过去分词done）
1. 现在分词作定语
知识点讲解
现在分词（doing）作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作。
单个分词作定语放在名词前；分词短语作定语放在名词后。
例句：a sleeping baby（一个正在睡觉的婴儿）= a baby who is sleeping
The girl dancing over there is my sister.（在那边跳舞的女孩是我妹妹。）
真题训练
20. (2024 江苏南京) Look at the ______ sun! It’s so beautiful.
A. rise B. rising C. risen D. rises
答案：B 解析：现在分词rising作定语修饰sun，表示“正在升起的太阳”，表主动进行。
21. (2023 浙江杭州) The girl ______ an English song is my classmate.
A. sing B. singing C. sung D. sings
答案：B 解析：现在分词短语singing an English song作后置定语，相当于who is singing。
2. 过去分词作定语
知识点讲解
过去分词（done）作定语表示被动、已经完成的动作。
例句：a broken window（一扇破了的窗户）= a window that was broken
I like reading books written by Lu Xun.（我喜欢读鲁迅写的书。）
真题训练
22. (2024 北京) There is a ______ cup on the table. Be careful!
A. break B. breaking C. broken D. breaks
答案：C 解析：过去分词broken作定语修饰cup，表示“被打碎的杯子”，表被动完成。
23. (2022 广东深圳) The bridge ______ last year is very long.
A. build B. building C. built D. builds
答案：C 解析：过去分词built作后置定语修饰the bridge，相当于which was built last year。
3. 分词作宾语补足语
知识点讲解
感官动词（see, hear, watch, notice, find, feel等）后可跟：
① do（省略to）——强调动作全过程或事实
② doing——强调动作正在进行
③ done——表示被动或完成
例句：I saw him playing basketball.（我看见他正在打篮球。）
I saw the window broken.（我看见窗户被打破了。）
真题训练
24. (2023 湖北黄冈) When I passed the classroom, I saw some students ______ the room.
A. clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. to clean
答案：B 解析：see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进行。
25. (2024 山东青岛) He found his bike ______ when he came out of the supermarket.
A. steal B. stealing C. stolen D. steals
答案：C 解析：find sth. done 发现某物被……，过去分词stolen表被动，“自行车被偷了”。
四、固定句型与特殊结构
1. had better / would rather / why not
知识点讲解
had better do sth. 最好做某事（否定：had better not do sth.）
would rather do sth. than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿……
Why not do sth. = Why don’t you do sth. 为什么不做某事呢？（表建议）
You'd better not stay up too late.（你最好不要熬夜太晚。）
Why not go with us （为什么不跟我们一起去呢？）
真题训练
26. (2024 湖南岳阳) You look tired. You'd better ______ to bed early tonight.
A. go B. to go C. going D. went
答案：A 解析：had better do sth. 最好做某事，后接动词原形。
27. (2023 甘肃兰州) Why not ______ your teacher for help
A. ask B. asking C. to ask D. asked
答案：A 解析：Why not do sth. 为什么不做某事？用于提建议，后接动词原形。
28. (2022 贵州贵阳) He would rather ______ at home than go out on such a rainy day.
A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed
答案：A 解析：would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事，后接动词原形。
2. It’s + adj. + (for/of sb.) + to do sth.
知识点讲解
这个句型中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。
It's + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. ——形容词描述事情的性质（difficult, easy, important等）
It's + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. ——形容词描述人的品质（kind, nice, clever, foolish等）
例句：It's necessary for us to learn English well.
It's very kind of you to help me.
真题训练
29. (2023 河北) It's necessary for us ______ the environment.
A. protect B. protecting C. to protect D. protected
答案：C 解析：It's necessary for sb. to do sth. 句型，不定式作真正主语。
30. (2024 黑龙江哈尔滨) It's very clever ______ you to work out the problem.
A. for B. to C. of D. with
答案：C 解析：clever描述人的品质，用of sb.结构。
3. 疑问词 + to do
知识点讲解
疑问词what, where, when, how, which, who + 不定式，可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
常见动词后接“疑问词 + to do”：tell, know, decide, learn, show, ask, find out, understand等。
例句：I don’t know what to do.（我不知道该做什么。）
Can you tell me how to get to the station （你能告诉我怎样到车站吗？）
真题训练
31. (2024 广西南宁) Can you tell me ______ the problem
A. how solve B. how to solve C. how solving D. how solved
答案：B 解析：“疑问词 + 不定式”结构作宾语，how to solve the problem意为“如何解决这个问题”。
32. (2023 云南) I don't know ______ next.
A. what to do B. what do C. what doing D. what did
答案：A 解析：“疑问词what + 不定式to do”作know的宾语，表示“下一步该做什么”。非谓语动词考点
中考英语·非谓语动词语法精讲与真题训练（2022-2024）
非谓语动词是中考英语语法考查的重点和难点，主要包括动词不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）和分词（现在分词doing / 过去分词done）三种形式。本资料按知识点分类，每个知识点配以精选的中考真题（2022-2024年），帮助同学们系统掌握非谓语动词的用法。
一、动词不定式（to do）
1. 不定式作宾语
知识点讲解
动词不定式“to do”在句中可作宾语，常见后接不定式作宾语的动词有：
want / hope / decide / refuse / learn / plan / agree / promise / expect / wish / offer / choose / fail / manage 等。
例句：I want to be a teacher.（我想成为一名老师。）
She decided to give up smoking.（她决定戒烟。）
特殊：某些动词后接不定式作宾语时，可用it作形式宾语：
I find it interesting to learn English.（我发现学英语很有趣。）
真题训练
1. (2024 江苏扬州) My mother hopes ______ a doctor in the future.
A. be B. being C. to be D. been
答案：______
2. (2023 北京) The young man refused ______ the medicine because it was too bitter.
A. take B. taking C. to take D. took
答案：______
3. (2024 广州) They have planned ______ a sports meeting next month.
A. hold B. holding C. held D. to hold
答案：______
2. 不定式作宾语补足语
知识点讲解
不定式可跟在某些动词后作宾补，常见结构：
ask / tell / want / need / expect / invite / allow / order / warn / encourage sb. to do sth.
注意：使役动词（make / let / have）和感官动词（see / hear / watch / notice / feel）后接不定式作宾补时，省略to。
例句：My mother asked me to clean the room.（妈妈让我打扫房间。）
I saw him cross the street.（我看见他过了马路。——强调全过程）
被动语态中，省略的to要还原：He was seen to cross the street.
真题训练
4. (2024 福建) The teacher often tells us ______ careful when we cross the road.
A. be B. being C. to be D. been
答案：______
5. (2023 河南) My parents encourage me ______ more books in my free time.
A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads
答案：______
6. (2024 上海) The funny story made all of us ______ happily.
A. laugh B. laughing C. to laugh D. laughed
答案：______
3. 不定式作目的状语
知识点讲解
不定式可置于句首或句末，表示目的，意为“为了……”。
例句：To get good grades, he studies hard every day.
He went to the library to borrow some books.
注意：否定形式为 in order not to do 或 so as not to do。
真题训练
7. (2023 重庆) ______ more about Chinese culture, he decided to travel to Beijing.
A. Learn B. Learning C. To learn D. Learned
答案：______
8. (2022 陕西) He got up early ______ the early bus.
A. catch B. catching C. to catch D. caught
答案：______
4. 不定式作定语
知识点讲解
不定式作定语通常放在所修饰的名词或代词之后，表示“要做的事”。
常见结构：something / anything / nothing + to do；
a chance / way / place / time + to do。
例句：I have something important to tell you.（我有重要的事要告诉你。）
She is looking for a place to live.（她在找一个住的地方。）
真题训练
9. (2024 天津) I have a lot of homework ______ today.
A. do B. doing C. did D. to do
答案：______
10. (2023 安徽) Would you like something ______
A. drink B. drinking C. drank D. to drink
答案：______
5. 不定式作主语
知识点讲解
不定式可作主语，但常用it作形式主语，将真正的主语（不定式）后置。
句型：It + be + adj. + (for/of sb.) + to do sth.
例句：It is important to learn English well.（学好英语很重要。）
It is kind of you to help me.（你帮助我真是太好了。）
for sb. 侧重事情本身，of sb. 侧重人的品质。
真题训练
11. (2024 广东) It is very important ______ the traffic rules.
A. follow B. following C. to follow D. followed
答案：______
12. (2023 湖北武汉) It's very nice of you ______ me with my English.
A. help B. helping C. helped D. to help
答案：______
二、动名词（doing）
1. 动名词作宾语（固定搭配）
知识点讲解
动名词（doing）在句中作宾语，常见后接动名词的动词及短语：
enjoy / avoid / suggest / finish / mind / practice / consider / imagine / keep / admit / miss / recommend / risk / can’t help / give up / put off / be worth / be busy 等。
例句：I enjoy reading books.（我喜欢读书。）
Would you mind opening the window （你介意打开窗户吗？）
He finished doing his homework.（他做完了作业。）
真题训练
13. (2024 浙江) Would you mind ______ the window It's too hot.
A. open B. opening C. to open D. opened
答案：______
14. (2023 湖南长沙) I suggest ______ a picnic this weekend.
A. have B. having C. to have D. had
答案：______
15. (2024 四川成都) We should practice ______ English every day.
A. speak B. speaking C. to speak D. spoke
答案：______
2. 动名词作主语
知识点讲解
动名词可在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数。
动名词作主语通常表示泛指、抽象的动作。
例句：Reading aloud is good for your English.（大声朗读对英语有好处。）
Swimming is my favourite sport.（游泳是我最喜欢的运动。）
注意：动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别：
动名词侧重一般、抽象；不定式侧重具体、一次性的动作。
真题训练
16. (2023 山东济南) ______ on the road is very dangerous.
A. Play B. Playing C. Plays D. To playing
答案：______
17. (2022 江西) ______ more fruits and vegetables is good for our health.
A. Eat B. Eating C. Ate D. Eaten
答案：______
3. 介词后接动名词
知识点讲解
介词（in, on, at, by, for, of, about, without等）后接动词时，必须用动名词形式。
常见结构：be interested in doing / be good at doing / be afraid of doing / be tired of doing / look forward to doing / be used to doing / pay attention to doing
注意：to在固定短语中如果是介词（如look forward to, be used to, pay attention to），后接动名词。
例句：He is good at playing basketball.（他擅长打篮球。）
I look forward to hearing from you.（我期待收到你的来信。）
真题训练
18. (2024 辽宁) He is interested ______ different kinds of plants.
A. in collect B. in collecting C. to collect D. for collecting
答案：______
19. (2023 山西) I'm looking forward ______ you again.
A. to see B. to seeing C. see D. seeing
答案：______
三、分词（现在分词doing / 过去分词done）
1. 现在分词作定语
知识点讲解
现在分词（doing）作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作。
单个分词作定语放在名词前；分词短语作定语放在名词后。
例句：a sleeping baby（一个正在睡觉的婴儿）= a baby who is sleeping
The girl dancing over there is my sister.（在那边跳舞的女孩是我妹妹。）
真题训练
20. (2024 江苏南京) Look at the ______ sun! It’s so beautiful.
A. rise B. rising C. risen D. rises
答案：______
21. (2023 浙江杭州) The girl ______ an English song is my classmate.
A. sing B. singing C. sung D. sings
答案：______
2. 过去分词作定语
知识点讲解
过去分词（done）作定语表示被动、已经完成的动作。
例句：a broken window（一扇破了的窗户）= a window that was broken
I like reading books written by Lu Xun.（我喜欢读鲁迅写的书。）
真题训练
22. (2024 北京) There is a ______ cup on the table. Be careful!
A. break B. breaking C. broken D. breaks
答案：______
23. (2022 广东深圳) The bridge ______ last year is very long.
A. build B. building C. built D. builds
答案：______
3. 分词作宾语补足语
知识点讲解
感官动词（see, hear, watch, notice, find, feel等）后可跟：
① do（省略to）——强调动作全过程或事实
② doing——强调动作正在进行
③ done——表示被动或完成
例句：I saw him playing basketball.（我看见他正在打篮球。）
I saw the window broken.（我看见窗户被打破了。）
真题训练
24. (2023 湖北黄冈) When I passed the classroom, I saw some students ______ the room.
A. clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. to clean
答案：______
25. (2024 山东青岛) He found his bike ______ when he came out of the supermarket.
A. steal B. stealing C. stolen D. steals
答案：______
四、固定句型与特殊结构
1. had better / would rather / why not
知识点讲解
had better do sth. 最好做某事（否定：had better not do sth.）
would rather do sth. than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿……
Why not do sth. = Why don’t you do sth. 为什么不做某事呢？（表建议）
You'd better not stay up too late.（你最好不要熬夜太晚。）
Why not go with us （为什么不跟我们一起去呢？）
真题训练
26. (2024 湖南岳阳) You look tired. You'd better ______ to bed early tonight.
A. go B. to go C. going D. went
答案：______
27. (2023 甘肃兰州) Why not ______ your teacher for help
A. ask B. asking C. to ask D. asked
答案：______
28. (2022 贵州贵阳) He would rather ______ at home than go out on such a rainy day.
A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed
答案：______
2. It’s + adj. + (for/of sb.) + to do sth.
知识点讲解
这个句型中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。
It's + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. ——形容词描述事情的性质（difficult, easy, important等）
It's + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. ——形容词描述人的品质（kind, nice, clever, foolish等）
例句：It's necessary for us to learn English well.
It's very kind of you to help me.
真题训练
29. (2023 河北) It's necessary for us ______ the environment.
A. protect B. protecting C. to protect D. protected
答案：______
30. (2024 黑龙江哈尔滨) It's very clever ______ you to work out the problem.
A. for B. to C. of D. with
答案：______
3. 疑问词 + to do
知识点讲解
疑问词what, where, when, how, which, who + 不定式，可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
常见动词后接“疑问词 + to do”：tell, know, decide, learn, show, ask, find out, understand等。
例句：I don’t know what to do.（我不知道该做什么。）
Can you tell me how to get to the station （你能告诉我怎样到车站吗？）
真题训练
31. (2024 广西南宁) Can you tell me ______ the problem
A. how solve B. how to solve C. how solving D. how solved
答案：______
32. (2023 云南) I don't know ______ next.
A. what to do B. what do C. what doing D. what did
答案：______中考英语 · 冠词考点精讲精练
一、不定冠词 a / an
◆ 知识点讲解
不定冠词 a / an 表示泛指‘一个’或‘某个’，通常用于可数名词单数前。
★ a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前，如：a book, a university, a European country
★ an 用于元音音素开头的单词前，如：an apple, an hour, an honest boy
注意：判断用 a 还是 an 要看音素（发音），而不是看首字母。
例如 university 虽以元音字母 u 开头，但发 /ju：/，是辅音音素，要用 a；
hour 虽以辅音字母 h 开头，但 h 不发音，发 /a /，是元音音素，要用 an。
◆ 真题训练
（2023 北京） My brother is ______ honest boy.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案：B
解析：honest 以辅音字母 h 开头但 h 不发音，音标 / n st/ 以元音音素开头，故用 an。
（2022 上海） There is ______ university near my home.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案：A
解析：university 音标 / ju：n v ：s ti/ 以辅音音素 /j/ 开头，故用 a。
（2024 广东模拟） She wants to be ______ actress when she grows up.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案：B
解析：actress 音标 / ktr s/ 以元音音素开头，故用 an。
二、定冠词 the
◆ 知识点讲解
定冠词 the 表示特指，意为‘这个’‘那个’‘这些’‘那些’，可用于可数名词单/复数和不可数名词前。
★ 主要用法：
1. 上文提到过的人或事物（第二次提到用 the）
2. 谈话双方都知道的人或事物
3. 被短语或从句修饰限定的名词
4. 世上独一无二的事物（the sun, the moon, the earth）
5. 序数词和形容词最高级前（the first, the best）
6. 乐器名词前（play the piano）
7. 形容词前表示一类人（the rich, the young）
◆ 真题训练
（2023 广州） Sun Yat-sen University is one of ______ best universities in China.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案：C
解析：形容词最高级 best 前必须用定冠词 the。
（2022 深圳） Tom can play ______ guitar very well.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案：C
解析：乐器名词前要用定冠词 the。play the guitar 弹吉他。
（2024 杭州） ______ moon moves around ______ earth.
A. A; the B. The; the C. The; an D. /; /
答案：B
解析：moon 和 earth 都是世上独一无二的事物，前面要用定冠词 the。
三、零冠词
◆ 知识点讲解
零冠词指名词前不使用任何冠词的情况。
★ 常见情况：
1. 复数名词表示泛指时（Dogs are loyal.）
2. 不可数名词表示泛指时（Water is important.）
3. 专有名词（人名、地名、国名）前（China, Beijing, Tom）
4. 球类运动、一日三餐前（play basketball, have lunch）
5. 季节、月份、星期前（in summer, on Monday）
6. 职位、头衔作表语/补语/同位语时（He is captain of the team.）
◆ 真题训练
（2023 武汉） Let's go and play ______ basketball this afternoon.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案：D
解析：球类运动前不用冠词。play basketball 打篮球。
（2022 南京） We usually have ______ breakfast at seven o'clock.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案：D
解析：一日三餐前通常不用冠词。have breakfast 吃早餐。
（2024 成都） ______ China is a great country with a long history.
A. A B. An C. The D. /
答案：D
解析：国名 China 是专有名词，前不用冠词。
四、冠词固定搭配
◆ 知识点讲解
英语中有大量包含冠词的固定短语，不能随意更改冠词的有无或形式。
★ 常见固定搭配：
不定冠词 + 名词：a few（一些）, a little（一点）, a lot of（许多）,
a pair of（一双）, a number of（若干）
定冠词 + 名词：in the morning/afternoon/evening,
by the way（顺便说一下）, all the time（一直）,
at the same time（同时）, in the end（最后）
零冠词固定搭配：by bus/car/train（乘车）, at home（在家）,
at night（在晚上）, go to school（上学）
◆ 真题训练
（2023 长沙） There are ______ few apples left in the fridge. Let's buy some.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案：A
解析：a few 是固定搭配，表示‘一些’，修饰可数名词复数。
（2022 福州） ______ the way, do you know where the nearest hospital is
A. On B. In C. By D. With
答案：C
解析：by the way 是固定搭配，意为‘顺便说一下’。
（2024 济南） He goes to school ______ bus every day.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案：D
解析：by bus 是固定搭配，中间不用冠词，表示‘乘公交车’。中考英语 · 冠词考点精讲精练
一、不定冠词 a / an
◆ 知识点讲解
不定冠词 a / an 表示泛指‘一个’或‘某个’，通常用于可数名词单数前。
★ a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前，如：a book, a university, a European country
★ an 用于元音音素开头的单词前，如：an apple, an hour, an honest boy
注意：判断用 a 还是 an 要看音素（发音），而不是看首字母。
例如 university 虽以元音字母 u 开头，但发 /ju：/，是辅音音素，要用 a；
hour 虽以辅音字母 h 开头，但 h 不发音，发 /a /，是元音音素，要用 an。
◆ 真题训练
（2023 北京） My brother is ______ honest boy.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案：____
（2022 上海） There is ______ university near my home.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案：____
（2024 广东模拟） She wants to be ______ actress when she grows up.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案：____
二、定冠词 the
◆ 知识点讲解
定冠词 the 表示特指，意为‘这个’‘那个’‘这些’‘那些’，可用于可数名词单/复数和不可数名词前。
★ 主要用法：
1. 上文提到过的人或事物（第二次提到用 the）
2. 谈话双方都知道的人或事物
3. 被短语或从句修饰限定的名词
4. 世上独一无二的事物（the sun, the moon, the earth）
5. 序数词和形容词最高级前（the first, the best）
6. 乐器名词前（play the piano）
7. 形容词前表示一类人（the rich, the young）
◆ 真题训练
（2023 广州） Sun Yat-sen University is one of ______ best universities in China.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案：____
（2022 深圳） Tom can play ______ guitar very well.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案：____
（2024 杭州） ______ moon moves around ______ earth.
A. A; the B. The; the C. The; an D. /; /
答案：____
三、零冠词
◆ 知识点讲解
零冠词指名词前不使用任何冠词的情况。
★ 常见情况：
1. 复数名词表示泛指时（Dogs are loyal.）
2. 不可数名词表示泛指时（Water is important.）
3. 专有名词（人名、地名、国名）前（China, Beijing, Tom）
4. 球类运动、一日三餐前（play basketball, have lunch）
5. 季节、月份、星期前（in summer, on Monday）
6. 职位、头衔作表语/补语/同位语时（He is captain of the team.）
◆ 真题训练
（2023 武汉） Let's go and play ______ basketball this afternoon.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案：____
（2022 南京） We usually have ______ breakfast at seven o'clock.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案：____
（2024 成都） ______ China is a great country with a long history.
A. A B. An C. The D. /
答案：____
四、冠词固定搭配
◆ 知识点讲解
英语中有大量包含冠词的固定短语，不能随意更改冠词的有无或形式。
★ 常见固定搭配：
不定冠词 + 名词：a few（一些）, a little（一点）, a lot of（许多）,
a pair of（一双）, a number of（若干）
定冠词 + 名词：in the morning/afternoon/evening,
by the way（顺便说一下）, all the time（一直）,
at the same time（同时）, in the end（最后）
零冠词固定搭配：by bus/car/train（乘车）, at home（在家）,
at night（在晚上）, go to school（上学）
◆ 真题训练
（2023 长沙） There are ______ few apples left in the fridge. Let's buy some.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案：____
（2022 福州） ______ the way, do you know where the nearest hospital is
A. On B. In C. By D. With
答案：____
（2024 济南） He goes to school ______ bus every day.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案：____中考英语 · 介词考点专项复习
（含答案解析版）
一、时间介词
### 知识点讲解
【at/in/on】at 用于具体时刻、时间点（at 8 o'clock, at noon, at night）；in 用于较长的时间段（in the morning, in 2023, in summer）；on 用于具体的某一天或某天的上午/下午/晚上（on Monday, on June 1st, on Sunday morning）。
【since/for】since + 时间点（since 2020, since last week），表示从某时起持续至今；for + 时间段（for three years, for a long time），表示持续一段时间。
【during/by/until】during 表示在……期间（during the summer holiday）；by 表示到……为止（by 5 o'clock, by next Friday），常用于完成时；until/till 表示直到……（until 9 pm, until the end），not...until 表示"直到……才……"。
### 真题训练
(2023 北京) We usually have lunch ______ noon.
A. at
B. in
C. on
D. for
答案：A
(2022 上海) She has studied English ______ three years.
A. since
B. for
C. during
D. by
答案：B
(2024 广州) The meeting will start ______ 9 o'clock ______ Monday morning.
A. at; on
B. in; on
C. at; in
D. on; at
答案：A
——————————————
二、方位介词
### 知识点讲解
【in/on/at（地点）】in 表示在……内部（in the room, in the city）；on 表示在……上面（与表面接触，on the desk, on the wall）；at 表示在某个具体地点（at the bus stop, at school）。
【under/above/below】under 在……正下方（under the table）；above 在……上方（不一定是正上方，above the clouds）；below 在……下方（below sea level）。
【between/among】between 用于两者之间（between you and me）；among 用于三者或三者以上之中（among the students）。
【through/across/past】through 从内部穿过（walk through the forest）；across 从表面横穿（across the street）；past 经过（walk past the post office）。
### 真题训练
(2023 深圳) The cat is hiding ______ the bed.
A. on
B. under
C. above
D. between
答案：B
(2022 武汉) The river runs ______ the city.
A. across
B. through
C. past
D. over
答案：B
(2024 成都) She sat ______ her mother and her sister.
A. among
B. between
C. through
D. above
答案：B
——————————————
三、方式介词
### 知识点讲解
【by/in/with/through】by 表示通过某种方式或手段（by bus, by email），后常接交通工具或方法；in 表示用某种语言或材料（in English, in pencil）；with 表示用某种工具或具体物品（with a knife, with my hands）；through 表示通过某种渠道或媒介（through the Internet, through hard work）。
### 真题训练
(2023 杭州) He goes to school ______ bus every day.
A. on
B. in
C. by
D. with
答案：C
(2022 南京) Please write the letter ______ English.
A. with
B. in
C. by
D. through
答案：B
(2024 长沙) She cut the apple ______ a knife.
A. by
B. in
C. with
D. through
答案：C
——————————————
四、常用介词短语
### 知识点讲解
【at 类短语】at once（立刻）, at first（起初）, at last（最后）, at least（至少）, at most（至多）, at the same time（同时）。
【in 类短语】in time（及时）, in a hurry（匆忙地）, in fact（事实上）, in public（公开地）, in danger（处于危险中）, in trouble（处于困境中）。
【on 类短语】on time（准时）, on foot（步行）, on purpose（故意地）, on the way（在路上）, on the one hand...on the other hand（一方面……另一方面）。
【by / for / with 类短语】by accident（偶然地）, by the way（顺便说一下）, by mistake（错误地）；for example（例如）, for free（免费地）；with pleasure（乐意地）。
### 真题训练
(2023 苏州) He arrived at the airport ______ time to catch the plane.
A. on
B. in
C. at
D. by
答案：B
(2022 青岛) I met my old friend ______ accident in the street.
A. on
B. in
C. by
D. at
答案：C
(2024 福州) ______ the way, do you know where the nearest hospital is
A. On
B. By
C. In
D. At
答案：B
——————————————中考英语 · 介词考点专项复习
（练习版）
一、时间介词
### 知识点讲解
【at/in/on】at 用于具体时刻、时间点（at 8 o'clock, at noon, at night）；in 用于较长的时间段（in the morning, in 2023, in summer）；on 用于具体的某一天或某天的上午/下午/晚上（on Monday, on June 1st, on Sunday morning）。
【since/for】since + 时间点（since 2020, since last week），表示从某时起持续至今；for + 时间段（for three years, for a long time），表示持续一段时间。
【during/by/until】during 表示在……期间（during the summer holiday）；by 表示到……为止（by 5 o'clock, by next Friday），常用于完成时；until/till 表示直到……（until 9 pm, until the end），not...until 表示"直到……才……"。
### 真题训练
(2023 北京) We usually have lunch ______ noon.
A. at
B. in
C. on
D. for
答案：______
(2022 上海) She has studied English ______ three years.
A. since
B. for
C. during
D. by
答案：______
(2024 广州) The meeting will start ______ 9 o'clock ______ Monday morning.
A. at; on
B. in; on
C. at; in
D. on; at
答案：______
——————————————
二、方位介词
### 知识点讲解
【in/on/at（地点）】in 表示在……内部（in the room, in the city）；on 表示在……上面（与表面接触，on the desk, on the wall）；at 表示在某个具体地点（at the bus stop, at school）。
【under/above/below】under 在……正下方（under the table）；above 在……上方（不一定是正上方，above the clouds）；below 在……下方（below sea level）。
【between/among】between 用于两者之间（between you and me）；among 用于三者或三者以上之中（among the students）。
【through/across/past】through 从内部穿过（walk through the forest）；across 从表面横穿（across the street）；past 经过（walk past the post office）。
### 真题训练
(2023 深圳) The cat is hiding ______ the bed.
A. on
B. under
C. above
D. between
答案：______
(2022 武汉) The river runs ______ the city.
A. across
B. through
C. past
D. over
答案：______
(2024 成都) She sat ______ her mother and her sister.
A. among
B. between
C. through
D. above
答案：______
——————————————
三、方式介词
### 知识点讲解
【by/in/with/through】by 表示通过某种方式或手段（by bus, by email），后常接交通工具或方法；in 表示用某种语言或材料（in English, in pencil）；with 表示用某种工具或具体物品（with a knife, with my hands）；through 表示通过某种渠道或媒介（through the Internet, through hard work）。
### 真题训练
(2023 杭州) He goes to school ______ bus every day.
A. on
B. in
C. by
D. with
答案：______
(2022 南京) Please write the letter ______ English.
A. with
B. in
C. by
D. through
答案：______
(2024 长沙) She cut the apple ______ a knife.
A. by
B. in
C. with
D. through
答案：______
——————————————
四、常用介词短语
### 知识点讲解
【at 类短语】at once（立刻）, at first（起初）, at last（最后）, at least（至少）, at most（至多）, at the same time（同时）。
【in 类短语】in time（及时）, in a hurry（匆忙地）, in fact（事实上）, in public（公开地）, in danger（处于危险中）, in trouble（处于困境中）。
【on 类短语】on time（准时）, on foot（步行）, on purpose（故意地）, on the way（在路上）, on the one hand...on the other hand（一方面……另一方面）。
【by / for / with 类短语】by accident（偶然地）, by the way（顺便说一下）, by mistake（错误地）；for example（例如）, for free（免费地）；with pleasure（乐意地）。
### 真题训练
(2023 苏州) He arrived at the airport ______ time to catch the plane.
A. on
B. in
C. at
D. by
答案：______
(2022 青岛) I met my old friend ______ accident in the street.
A. on
B. in
C. by
D. at
答案：______
(2024 福州) ______ the way, do you know where the nearest hospital is
A. On
B. By
C. In
D. At
答案：______
——————————————中考英语·连词考点精讲（含答案）
一、并列连词
知识点讲解
并列连词用于连接并列的词、短语或句子。常见的有：
and（和，并且）：表示并列、递进或顺承关系。
or（或者，否则）：表示选择关系；在祈使句后表示"否则"。
but（但是）：表示转折关系。
so（所以，因此）：表示因果关系。
for（因为）：表示原因（补充说明，不用于句首）。
yet（然而）：表示转折，语气比but强。
while（而，然而）：表示对比关系。
真题训练
1. (2023 北京) Study hard, ______ you will pass the exam.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
答案：A　（来源：2023 北京中考）
2. (2022 上海) It was raining heavily, ______ they still went to the park.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
答案：C　（来源：2022 上海中考）
3. (2021 广东) Hurry up, ______ you will miss the early bus.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
答案：B　（来源：2021 广东中考）
二、从属连词
知识点讲解
从属连词用于引导从句，连接主句和从句。常见的有：
when / while / as（当……时）：引导时间状语从句。
because / since（因为）：引导原因状语从句。
if（如果）/ unless（除非）：引导条件状语从句。
though / although（虽然）：引导让步状语从句。
until（直到……为止）：引导时间状语从句。
so...that / such...that（如此……以至于）：引导结果状语从句。
真题训练
1. (2023 江苏) ______ it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the school trip.
A. If B. Unless C. Because D. Although
答案：A　（来源：2023 江苏中考）
2. (2022 浙江) You won't succeed ______ you work hard.
A. if B. unless C. because D. though
答案：B　（来源：2022 浙江中考）
3. (2021 湖南) He was ______ tired ______ he fell asleep at once.
A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to
答案：A　（来源：2021 湖南中考）
三、并列结构（关联连词）
知识点讲解
关联连词常成对使用，连接两个并列的成分：
both...and...（两者都）：谓语动词用复数。
either...or...（要么……要么……）：谓语动词就近原则。
neither...nor...（既不……也不……）：谓语动词就近原则。
not only...but also...（不仅……而且……）：谓语动词就近原则；连接主语时，not only放句首时部分倒装。
真题训练
1. (2023 山东) Both Tom ______ his brother are good at playing basketball.
A. and B. or C. nor D. but
答案：A　（来源：2023 山东中考）
2. (2022 四川) Either you ______ he is going to clean the classroom today.
A. and B. or C. nor D. but
答案：B　（来源：2022 四川中考）
3. (2021 湖北) Not only the students ______ also the teacher was moved by the story.
A. and B. or C. but D. nor
答案：C　（来源：2021 湖北中考）中考英语·连词考点精讲（练习版）
一、并列连词
知识点讲解
并列连词用于连接并列的词、短语或句子。常见的有：
and（和，并且）：表示并列、递进或顺承关系。
or（或者，否则）：表示选择关系；在祈使句后表示"否则"。
but（但是）：表示转折关系。
so（所以，因此）：表示因果关系。
for（因为）：表示原因（补充说明，不用于句首）。
yet（然而）：表示转折，语气比but强。
while（而，然而）：表示对比关系。
真题训练
1. (2023 北京) Study hard, ______ you will pass the exam.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
答案：________________
2. (2022 上海) It was raining heavily, ______ they still went to the park.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
答案：________________
3. (2021 广东) Hurry up, ______ you will miss the early bus.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
答案：________________
二、从属连词
知识点讲解
从属连词用于引导从句，连接主句和从句。常见的有：
when / while / as（当……时）：引导时间状语从句。
because / since（因为）：引导原因状语从句。
if（如果）/ unless（除非）：引导条件状语从句。
though / although（虽然）：引导让步状语从句。
until（直到……为止）：引导时间状语从句。
so...that / such...that（如此……以至于）：引导结果状语从句。
真题训练
1. (2023 江苏) ______ it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the school trip.
A. If B. Unless C. Because D. Although
答案：________________
2. (2022 浙江) You won't succeed ______ you work hard.
A. if B. unless C. because D. though
答案：________________
3. (2021 湖南) He was ______ tired ______ he fell asleep at once.
A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to
答案：________________
三、并列结构（关联连词）
知识点讲解
关联连词常成对使用，连接两个并列的成分：
both...and...（两者都）：谓语动词用复数。
either...or...（要么……要么……）：谓语动词就近原则。
neither...nor...（既不……也不……）：谓语动词就近原则。
not only...but also...（不仅……而且……）：谓语动词就近原则；连接主语时，not only放句首时部分倒装。
真题训练
1. (2023 山东) Both Tom ______ his brother are good at playing basketball.
A. and B. or C. nor D. but
答案：________________
2. (2022 四川) Either you ______ he is going to clean the classroom today.
A. and B. or C. nor D. but
答案：________________
3. (2021 湖北) Not only the students ______ also the teacher was moved by the story.
A. and B. or C. but D. nor
答案：________________

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