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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 8 Section A Grammar Focus (3a-3d) 语言点精讲精练
I．语言点精讲
1.Once upon a time, a king asked an artist to paint him a horse.
从前,一个国王让一位画家给他画一匹马。
artist [可数名词] 美术家;艺术家
由名词 art 加后缀 -ist构成。
例句:我长大后想成为一名艺术家。I want to be an artist when I grow up.
拓展:后缀-ist常用于构成名词,表示“从事……的人;……专家;……使用者”。
type 打字→ typist 打字员 cartoon 漫画→ cartoonist漫画家
active 积极的→ activist积极分子
Quickly, the artist painted a beautiful picture of a horse.
很快,画家画了一张漂亮的马的画。
quickly [副词] 快速地;很快
由形容词quick 加后缀-ly构成,可以放在句首、句末或实义动词之前。
例句:她迅速地吃了早饭。She had breakfast quickly.
我们快速地穿过了街道。Quickly, we crossed the street.
拓展:很多“形容词+后缀-ly”构成副词,如:
careful-carefully final-finally
sudden-suddenly slow-slowly
3.The artist smiled and took the king to his house.
画家微笑着带国王去了他的家。
smile [动词] 微笑 [名词] 微笑;笑容
smile at sb.对...微笑
她朝我微笑。She smiled at me.(动词)
他常笑着向我打招呼。
He often says hello to me with a smile.(名词)
辨析:smile“微笑”,常表示满意,怀有善意的笑.常用搭配:smile at “朝/对…微笑”
laugh “大笑”,常表示出声地笑,既有声音又有表情.常用搭配:laugh at “嘲笑”
他的笑话使我们大笑起来。His joke made us laugh.
看!那个男孩在朝我们微笑。Look! The boy is smiling at us.
4.There were paintings of horses all over!到处都是马的画!
all over 到处;遍及
all over the world全世界
他四处寻找那只猫。He looked for the cat all over.
他的书摊了一桌子。His books are all over the desk.
我们的朋友遍天下。We have friends all over the world.
5.It took me months to learn how to paint a horse well!
花费我几个月的时间学会画好一匹马。
固定句型 : It takes/took sb. + 时间段 + to do sth. 做某事花费了某人多少时间。It是形式主语，而真正的主语是动词不定式短语。
It took us two hours to get to the top of the mountain.到达山顶花了我们两个小时。
It took me an hour to finish my homework. 完成作业花了我一个小时。
It bit through the net, and the lion got out.它咬断了网，狮子逃了出来。
get out 逃脱；离开
I left the door open and the cat got out. 我没有关门,结果猫跑出去了。
【拓】get out of 从……出来，从……逃离
Close friends help us enjoy life sometimes and help us to get out of difficult situations.
亲密的朋友有时帮助我们享受生活，帮助我们走出困境。
II．语言点精练
一、单词默写。
1. _______ [smile] n./v 微笑n.笑容 2. ________ [pe nt] v. 用颜料画
3. ________ [k ] n.君主；国王 4. ________ [ ɑ t st] n.美术家；艺术家
5. ________ [ kw kli] adv. 快速地；很快 6. _________[ pe nt ] n. 绘画；油画
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1． My mother (buy) some tomatoes and carrots this morning.
2．The dog suddenly (bite) the little boy yesterday.
3．It (take) my uncle two weeks (finish) the work.
4．Teng Fei (grow) angry when I told him about that news.
5．The painter (paint) the walls of his room blue last month to help him sleep well.
三、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1．猴子从水里出来，全身都湿了。
The monkey got out of the water and was wet .
2．我花了好几个月学习如何画好一匹马！
It took me months to learn paint a horse well!
3．当发生火灾时，设法尽快出去。
When there is a fire, try to as soon as possible.
4．他花了两周时间读完这个故事。
It him two weeks the story.
5．说实话，我不同意你的意见。
To , I don’t agree with you.
四、完形填空
One day, a little monkey was having a sleep in a tree. Suddenly he was awakened by a kind of a cry for help. Opening up his eyes, the monkey found a mantis (螳螂). A black bird 1 to attack him. Without thinking, the monkey jumped over and frightened away the bird.
“Thank you very much for 2 my life, Mr. Monkey,” the mantis said.
“It is my pleasure,” the monkey replied and then jumped to 3 tree to look for fun. “Saving a small animal’s life is wonderful,” 4 monkey said to himself.
At this moment, he suddenly heard another cry, and it was more than one cry. The monkey quickly found four small birds 5 in a nest. They said they cried 6 they were hungry. “I think I will die if Mum does not bring food home soon,” one baby bird cried to the other ones.
Then, the mother bird flew back, “My dear children, I’m 7 sorry that I can’t bring you any food this trip. A moment ago, I was almost sure to catch a big mantis. But a naughty monkey made me 8 . Now I’ll fly to a place where I can find food for you.”
How upset the monkey felt after hearing this! He went to talk with 9 elephant in the world. “You didn’t do 10 wrong,” the elephant replied. “In the world, nobody can take care of everyone.”
1．A．prepared B．was preparing C．prepares D．is preparing
2．A．saving B．to save C．save D．saved
3．A．other B．the other C．others D．another
4．A．a B．an C．the D．/
5．A．crying B．to cry C．cried D．are crying
6．A．though B．unless C．until D．because
7．A．no B．not C．so D．such
8．A．failing B．fail C．to fail D．failed
9．A．clever B．cleverer C．cleverest D．the cleverest
10．A．anything B．something C．nothing D．everything
五、五选四。阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Are fables (寓言故事) and fairy tales (童话故事) different or the same 1 But fables are stories for adults too.
Fables are usually short stories. They are passed down (传下来) from grandparents to parents and then to children. Fables can teach lessons to people. 2 Most of the characters are animals and nature. They can talk and do things like humans. The most famous fables were from a man called Aesop. There are around six hundred fables in Aesop’s Fables (《伊索寓言》). The Lion and the Mouse, The Farmer and the Snake and The Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing are three examples.
3 They are often about magic characters such as fairies (仙女) and giants (巨人). Sometimes the characters are animals. We can enjoy these fairy tales because about two hundred years ago, Brothers Grimm travelled all over Germany and collected these stories before people forgot them. 4 Sleeping Beauty, The Frog Prince, The Death of the Little Hen, The Fisherman and His Wife and The Strange Musician are the famous examples.
A．Everyone likes their stories.
B．They are both stories for children.
C．People can learn much from them.
D．Fairy tales are usually stories for children.
E．There are lots of fairy tales in Grimm’s Fairy Tales.
六、语法填空
Once upon a time, there was a poor boy named Jack. One day, his mother asked him 1 (sell) their only cow at the market. On 2 (he) way to the market, Jack met an old man. The old man gave him some magic beans 3 (exchange) for the cow. Jack thought the beans were special, so he took them and went home.
When he got home, his mother was very angry 4 him. She threw the beans out of the window. The next morning, Jack 5 (wake) up and found a huge beanstalk (豆茎) growing outside his window. The beanstalk grew so high that it reached the clouds.
Jack decided 6 (climb) the beanstalk. At the top of the beanstalk, there was a castle. Jack entered the castle 7 saw a giant (巨人). The giant was very 8 (anger) when he saw Jack. He wanted to eat Jack. But Jack was very clever. He stole some gold coins from the giant and ran away down the beanstalk.
The giant ran after him, but when he reached the middle of the beanstalk, Jack 9 (cut) it down. The giant fell down and died. Jack and his mother became rich 10 (use) the gold coins. They lived happily ever after.
七、阅读理解
Long ago, there was a farmer. The farmer had a pigeon (鸽子) at home. He made a beautiful cage (笼子) for the pigeon. The pigeon lived in the cage all day. The pigeon didn’t have to go out to look for food. The farmer gave food and water to the pigeon every day. She never flew out of the cage.
One day, a crow (乌鸦) saw the pigeon. He stood by the pigeon’s cage and talked with the pigeon. He asked the pigeon, “Are you happy, Ms Pigeon ” The pigeon said yes.
The crow thought the pigeon was not happy. He was wrong. He was surprised to know the pigeon was happy. He asked Ms Pigeon why. The pigeon answered, “You must be tired because you have to look for food by yourself. I am so lucky. My owner (主人) gives me food and water every day.”
The crow smiled and said, “I don’t agree with you. I have to look for food by myself, but I have freedom. I don’t want to live in the cage like you.”
1．Who gave food and water to the pigeon every day
A．The farmer. B．The crow. C．Her father. D．Her mother.
2．The crow thought the pigeon was ________.
A．happy B．unhappy C．friendly D．unfriendly
3．Why was the pigeon happy with her life
A．Because she loved her beautiful cage very much.
B．Because she didn’t have to look for food by herself.
C．Because her owner was always kind to her.
D．Because her cage was very big and warm.
4．What does the underlined word “freedom” mean in Chinese
A．时间 B．保障 C．鸟窝 D．自由
5．Where can we read the passage
A．On a restaurant menu. B．On a movie ticket.
C．In a storybook. D．In a science magazine.
八、任务型阅读。
We should help each other as much as we can, and we ourselves often need help. The great can help the small while the small can help the great. About this, a French writer told the following story.
An ant was drinking by a small river and fell in. She tried her best to reach the side of the river, but she couldn’t move at all. The poor ant got too tired, but she was still doing her best. At this time a bird saw her, she threw a piece of wood to her. With it, the ant got to the side.
When the ant was drying herself in the grass, she heard a man coming up. He was walking without shoes on his feet and carrying a gun (枪) in his hand. As soon as he saw the bird, he wanted to kill her. But the ant bit (咬) him in one of his feet just as he was going to kill the bird. He stopped to see what had bit him. And at that time the bird flew away at once.
1．Who wrote the story
_______________________________________.
2．What was the ant doing one day
_______________________________________.
3．Did the ant stop trying to save herself
_______________________________________.
4．What did the bird throw to the ant
_______________________________________.
5．What did the story tell us
_______________________________________.
II. 语言点精练参考答案
一、单词默写
【答案】1. smile 2. paint 3. king 4. artist 5. quickly 6. painting
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
【答案】1. bought 2. bit 3. took to finish 4. grew 5. painted
【解析】1. 句意：今天早上我妈妈买了一些西红柿和胡萝卜。根据“this morning”可知，时态是一般过去时，所以buy要变为过去式bought。故填bought。
2. 句意：昨天狗突然咬了小男孩。根据yesterday可知，句子是一般过去时。bite的过去式是bit，故填bit。
3. 句意：我叔叔花了两周时间才完成这项工作。事情已经发生，用一般过去时，take的过去式为took，it took sb time to do sth“做某事花费某人多长时间”，不定式作真正主语，第二空用不定式结构。故填took；to finish。
4. 句意：当我告诉滕飞那个消息时，他生气了。“when”引导的时间状语从句中“told”是过去式，主句用一般过去时，“grow”的过去式是“grew”，在句中作谓语。故填grew。
5. 句意：上个月，画家把房间的墙壁漆成蓝色，以帮助他睡得好。根据“last month”可知，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式painted“刷”。故填painted。
三、根据汉语意思完成句子
1．猴子从水里出来，全身都湿了。
The monkey got out of the water and was wet .
【答案】all over
【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“全身”，其英文表达为all over，副词短语。故填all；over。
2．我花了好几个月学习如何画好一匹马！
It took me months to learn paint a horse well!
【答案】how to
【详解】how to+动词原形，表示“如何做”，故填how；to。
3．当发生火灾时，设法尽快出去。
When there is a fire, try to as soon as possible.
【答案】get/go out
【详解】根据中英文对照可知，get/go out表示“出去”，动词短语。空前有不定式符号to，动词用原形。故填get/go；out。
4．他花了两周时间读完这个故事。
It him two weeks the story.
【答案】took to read
【详解】根据中英文对照，空格处缺“花了”和“读完”的中文翻译。根据语境可知时态为一般过去时，句子主语是It，可知考查句型“It takes sb. some time to do sth做某事花费了某人……时间”。take过去式为took；根据句型可知第二个空填to；第三个空格填“读故事read the story”，用动词原形，填read。故填took；to；read。
5．说实话，我不同意你的意见。
To , I don’t agree with you.
【答案】tell the truth
【详解】根据中文提示和所给答题空，“说实话”to tell the truth。故填tell；the；truth。
四、完形填空
【答案】
1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．A 6．D 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了一只猴子因为帮助一只螳螂无意中让小鸟饿肚子的事，聪明的大象告诉它：不必沮丧，没有人可以照顾好每个人。
1．句意：一只黑色的小鸟正准备攻击它。
prepared准备，过去式；was preparing正准备，过去进行时；prepares准备，第三人称单数形式；is preparing正准备，现在进行时。根据上文“Suddenly he was awakened by a kind of a cry for help.”可知，此处指过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。故选B。
2．句意：“非常感谢你救了我的命，猴子先生，”螳螂说。
saving救，动名词或现在分词；to save救，动词不定式；save救，动词原形；saved救，动词过去式或过去分词。根据空前的介词“for”可知，此处用动名词形式。故选A。
3．句意：“这是我的荣幸，”猴子回答道，然后跳到另一棵树上寻找乐趣。
other另外的，后跟名词复数；the other两者中的另一个；others其他的人或物；another三者或三者以上中的另一个。根据故事中的多种动物可推测，猴子生活在森林中，森林中不止有一棵树，且后面的名词“tree”是单数，所以应该是指三者以上中的另一个。故选D。
4．句意：“拯救小动物的生命是美妙的，”这只猴子自言自语道。
a表示泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an表示泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the表示特指；/表示不填。后面的“monkey”特指上文中的猴子，所以应填the。故选C。
5．句意：这只猴子很快发现四只小鸟在鸟巢里哭。
crying现在分词；to cry不定式；cried过去式或过去分词；are crying现在进行时。根据上文“At this moment, he suddenly heard another cry, and it was more than one cry.”并结合句子结构可知，此处用现在分词，作宾补，表示正在进行的动作。故选A。
6．句意：它们说它们哭是因为它们饿了。
though尽管；unless除非；until直到；because因为。根据句意可知，此处表示原因。故选D。
7．句意：亲爱的孩子们，我很抱歉这次出门不能给你们带来任何食物。
no不；not不；so如此；such如此。根据空后的“sorry that I can’t bring you any food this trip”并结合句意可知，此处用so…that引导结果状语从句。故选C。
8．句意：但是一只顽皮的猴子让我失败了。
failing失败，动名词；fail失败，动词原形；to fail失败，动词不定式；failed失败，动词过去分词。make后接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选B。
9．句意：他去和世界上最聪明的大象说话。
clever聪明的；cleverer更聪明的；cleverest最聪明的；the cleverest最聪明的，the+形容词最高级。根据空后的“in the world”可知，此处为最高级的含义，用最高级形式，前加定冠词the。故选D。
10．句意：“你没有做错什么，”大象回答。
anything任何事，用于否定或疑问句中；something某事，用于肯定句中；nothing没有什么；everything每件事。此句为否定句，根据句意并结合选项可知，此处指没有做错什么。故选A。
五、五选四
【答案】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了寓言故事和童话故事的区别和特点。
1．根据上文“Are fables (寓言故事) and fairy tales (童话故事) different or the same ”和下文“But fables are stories for adults too.”可知，该处是指寓言故事和童话故事的受众群体，选项B“它们都是给儿童看的故事”符合语境。故选B。
2．根据上文“Fables can teach lessons to people.”可知，人们可以从寓言故事中学到很多东西，选项C“人们可以从中学到很多”符合语境。故选C。
3．根据下文“They are often about magic characters such as fairies (仙女) and giants (巨人).”可知，该处是介绍童话故事的特点。选项D“童话故事通常是给孩子们看的”符合语境。故选D。
4．根据下文“Sleeping Beauty, The Frog Prince, The Death of the Little Hen, The Fisherman and His Wife and The Strange Musician are the famous examples.”可知，这里是一些童话故事的例子。选项E“《格林童话》中有许多童话故事”符合语境。故选E。
六、语法填空
【答案】1．to sell 2．his 3．in exchange 4．with 5．woke 6．to climb 7．and 8．angry 9．cut 10．using
【解析】本文一个贫穷男孩通过勇气和智慧改变命运的故事。
1．句意：一天，他妈妈让他去集市卖掉他们唯一的牛。ask sb. to do sth.“让某人做某事”，这里要用动词不定式形式。故填to sell。
2．句意：在他去集市的路上，杰克遇到了一位老人。on one’s way to.“在去某地的路上”，这里主语是Jack，要用形容词性物主代词his。故填his。
3．句意：老人给了他一些魔豆来换这头牛。根据“The old man gave him some magic beans for the cow.”可知，老人给了他一些魔豆来换这头牛，in exchange for“作为交换”。故填in exchange。
4． 句意：当他到家时，他妈妈对他非常生气。be angry with sb.“对某人生气”。故填with。
5．句意：第二天早上，杰克醒来，发现窗外长了一根巨大的豆茎。根据“The next morning”可知，文章整体是一般过去时，wake的过去式是woke。故填woke。
6．句意：杰克决定爬上豆茎。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”。故填to climb。
7． 句意：杰克进入城堡，看到了一个巨人。根据“entered the castle...saw a giant”可知，“进入”和“看”是并列的动作，用and连接。故填and。
8．句意：巨人看到杰克时非常生气。空格处缺少表语，要用形容词，anger的形容词形式是angry。故填angry。
9．句意：巨人追赶他，但当巨人到达豆茎中间时，杰克把它砍倒了。文章是一般过去时，cut的过去式还是cut。故填cut。
10．句意：杰克和他妈妈用这些金币变富了。根据这里要用“Jack and his mother became rich (use) the gold coins. They lived happily ever after.”可知，现在分词作方式状语，表主动，use的现在分词是using。故填using。
七、阅读理解
【答案】本文讲述了鸽子和乌鸦的故事。鸽子被主人养在笼子中，主人每天都给她食物和水，她觉得自己很幸运，但乌鸦却觉得鸽子没有自由。
1．细节理解题。根据“The farmer gave food and water to the pigeon every day.”可知，农夫每天给鸽子食物和水。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据“The crow thought the pigeon was not happy.”可知，乌鸦觉得鸽子不开心。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据“I am so lucky. My owner (主人) gives me food and water every day.”由此可推断，她对自己的生活满意是因为她不必自己寻找食物。故选B。
4．词义猜测题。根据“I have to look for food by myself,”以及“I don’t want to live in the cage like you.”可知，乌鸦必须自己找食物，他不想像鸽子一样住在笼子里。由此可猜测，他拥有“自由”。故选D。
5．推理判断题。本文讲述了发生在乌鸦和鸽子身上的故事，由此可推知，我们可能在故事书上读到本文。故选C。
八、任务型阅读
【答案】
1． A French writer.
2．The ant was drinking by a small river.
3．No.
4．A piece of wood.
5．We should help each other as much as we can.
【解析】本文通过一个蚂蚁和鸟互相帮助的故事告诉我们：无论是大或小的个体都可以互相帮助，因此我们应该尽可能去帮助别人，因为我们自己也会需要帮助。
1．根据“…a French writer told the following story”可知，是一位法国作家写的这个故事。故填 A French writer.
2．根据“An ant was drinking by a small river…”可知，蚂蚁当时正在一条小河边喝水。故填The ant was drinking by a small river.
3．根据“She tried her best to reach the side of the river, but she couldn’t move at all. The poor ant got too tired, but she was still doing her best.”可知，蚂蚁没有放弃自救。故填No.
4．根据“…she threw a piece of wood to her.”可知，鸟儿把一块木头扔给了蚂蚁。故填A piece of wood.
5． 整个故事讲述了在危难时刻，彼此帮助的重要性，无论大小都能提供帮助。故填We should help each other as much as we can.
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单元主题范畴：人与社会
单元主题内容：中外文学史上有代表性的作家和作品
(2024新版)人教版 七年级(下册)
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1.学生能够通过观察和分析示例句子，深入理解并准确辨析一般过去时的表意功能。理解并正确运用一般过去时和一般现在时的基本结构和用法。掌握一般过去时中动词的过去式变化规则（学习理解）
2.能够识别和理解故事叙述中一般过去时和一般现在时的句式结构及其适用情境，并能够在不同情境下正确、灵活地运用这两种时态，使故事叙述更具表现力。学生能够掌握并运用一般过去时的表达规则，同时能够掌握并运用其去表达意义。（学习理解，应用实践）
3.通过完成3b/3c,能够根据语境正确选择句子时态，能够用所给单词的正确形式完成故事文章，通过完成3c,能够以分享最喜欢的故事为情境，以小组为单位，运用一般过去时讲述故事，并说出喜爱故事的原因，并在班级中汇报。（迁移创新）
Learning Objectives
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Watch the story about Lord Ye and complete the summary.
Fill in the blanks with correct forms
of the verbs in brackets.
Lord Ye's Love for Dragons
Lord Ye _______(be) very fond of dragons. Dragons' pictures _____(be) everywhere in his house, on the walls, doors and even clothes. One day, a real dragon ______(hear) about Lord Ye's great love for it. So the dragon _______(decide) to visit him. When it _______(put) its head into the window, Lord Ye was so frightened that he _______(pass) out. It turned out that Lord Ye only ______(love) the pictures of dragons, not the real ones.
was
were
heard
decided
put
passed
loved
What lessons can we learn from the story
We should be honest with ourselves about interests and passions.
We must be brave enough to face the real things.
Actions speak louder than words.
We use the simple past Tense to tell stories.
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The emperor’s officials couldn’t see the clothes, but they ______(say), “What lovely clothes!” The emperor couldn’t see them either, but he ______(say), “They’re beautiful!” No one ______(want) to look silly.
Once upon a time, an emperor ______(love) new clothes very much.
My favourtie story _____(be) The Emperor’s New Clothes by Hans Christian Andersen.
Two brothers ______(come) and ______ (lie) to him, “We can make
magic clothes! Only clever people ______(can)see them!”
He ______(decide) to walk in the street. People there ______ (praise) the “clothes”.
Suddenly, a boy ______(shout), “Look! The emperor ______(have) no clothes on!”
When do we use the two tenses
The simple past tense is used to tell the development of the plot.
The simple present tense is used to state the character lines(台词).
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When do you use each tense
What lovely clothes!
They’re beautiful!
We can make wonderful clothes!
But only clever people can see them!
Two brothers came and lied to him, “…………..” They pretended to make the clothes.
The emperor’s officials couldn’t see the clothes, but they said, “……..” The emperor couldn’t see anything either, but he said, “…….!” No one wanted to look silly.
dialogue
对话
角色之间的对话，表现了当下的人物心情以及反应，用一般现在时来体现说话人的状态和动作。
Narration
旁白
此故事主要发生在过去，描述过去发生的故事主要用一般过去时
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Did you read Little Women for English class
Yes, I _____. It is a great book.
did
/ No, I _____. We _______ (choose) a different book.
didn’t
chose
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How did the mouse help the lion
It _____(bite) through the net, and the lion _____ (get) out.
bit
got
Do you know the story of _____________________
Yes, I ____.
It's funny !
do
bite→bit
get→got
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3a
Read the sentences. What tenses do they use When do you use each tense
逃脱；离开
the simple past tense
We use the simple past tense to talk about completed actions(已完成的动作) that happened before now.
the simple present tense
We use the simple present tense to talk about general truths(一般事实).
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When do you use each tense
用法
结构
标志词
Jim is a student. He likes playing basketball and he plays basketball well. He often plays basketball on weekends. But it was very hot last weekend, so he went swimming with his father. His father pointed to the sun and told his that the earth goes around the sun.
Simple present tense
Simple past tense
表示现在的实际情况.
表示人的性格,能力或爱好等
表示经常性,习惯性的动作
表示客观真理,自然现象等
表示过去存在的状态
表示过去(经常性,习惯性)发生的动作
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When do you use each tense
用法
结构
标志词
1. 表示______时间的状态、能力、个性或爱好
He studies very hard.
He likes playing chess very much.
1.表示_____某个时间发生的动作。
I played ping-pong last weekend.
现在
过去
They went to the
cinima last night.
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When do you use each tense
用法
结构
标志词
2. 表示客观______或普遍______。
地球围绕着太阳转动
The earth ______
(move)around the sun.
moves
事实
真理
光的传播速度比声音快。Light ______ (travel) faster than sound.
travels
2.表示_____某个时间存在的状态
或事实。
过去
十年前她是一名教师。She ____ a teacher ten years ago.
was
灯亮了一夜。The lights _____ on all night.
were
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When do you use each tense
用法
结构
标志词
3. 表示______发生或______性的动作或现在的状态。
经常
习惯
我通常早上 7 点起床。
I usually ____(get) up at 7:00 a.m.
get
She _______
(wash) the dishes every day.
washes
3.表示_____经常或反复发生的动作，常和______________等频度副词连用。
过去
often, always
I often_____ my bike
to school last year.
我去年常常骑车去学校。
rode
He ____(take) a walk along the street every night last month.
took
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Let's have a comparison（对比）
Ancient people(古代人) and
modern people（现代人） are
different in many ways.
Li Bai
Li Hua
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Past
Now
In the past, Li Bai _______ (walk) to other places.
Now, Li Hua usually _______ (drive) his father's car to other places.
walked
drives
In the past, Li Bai _______ (live) in the thatched cottage（茅屋）.
Now, Li Hua _______ (live) in a flat.
lived
lives
In the past, Li Bai _________ (shop) in the country fair（集市）.
Now, Li Hua ______ (shop) on the Internet easily.
shopped
shops
In the past, students ________ (study) in the ancient school.
Now, students _______ (study) online.
studied
study
In the past, Li Bai _______ (write) letters to his friends.
wrote
Now, Li Hua often_______ (talk) with friends on the phone.
talks
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一般过去时与一般现在时的区别
一般过去时 一般现在时
谓语动词不同 谓语动词使用________，形式有规则和不规则的变化，______（有/ 没有）人称和数的变化(______和______除外) 谓语动词有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数作主语时，谓语动词要使用第三人称单数形式(be动词用is)；其他人称作主语时，则使用动词原形(be动词用am或are)。
In the past, Li Bai shopped in the country fair（集市）.
Now, Li Hua shops on the Internet easily.
In the past, students studied in the ancient school.
Now, students study online.
过去式
没有
was
were
Presentation
When do you use each tense
用法
结构
标志词
Jim is a student. He likes playing basketball and he plays basketball well. He often plays basketball on weekends. But it was very hot last weekend, so he went swimming with his father. His father pointed to the sun and told his that the earth goes around the sun.
Simple present tense
Simple past tense
主语+am/is/are+其他.
主语+实义动词原形/三单+其他.
主语+was/were+其他.
主语+实义动词的过去式+其他.
Presentation
When do you use each tense
用法
结构
标志词
句型
肯定句
主语
动词(be动词/行为动词)
其他
否定句
①be 动词
am not
is not=isn’t
are not=aren’t
②行为动词
don’t
Doesn’t
行为
动词
原形
一般疑问句
①be 动词
②行为动词
Is/Are +主语+其他？
Do/Does+主语+行为动词原形+其他？
Presentation
When do you use each tense
用法
结构
标志词
句型
肯定句
主语
动词过去式(be动词/行为动词
其他
否定句
①be 动词
was not=wasn’t
were not=weren’t
②行为动词
didn’t
行为
动词
原形
一般疑问句
①be 动词
②行为动词
Was/Were+主语+其他？
Did+主语+行为动词原形+其他？
Presentation
When do you use each tense
用法
结构
标志词
例句
①be 动词
这个苹果在桌子上。
肯定句
否定句
一般疑问句
一般现在时
一般过去时
The apple is on the desk.
The apple was on the desk yesterday.
The apple isn’t on the desk.
The apple wasn’t on the desk yesterday.
Is the apple on the desk
Was the apple on the desk yesterday
这个苹果昨天在桌子上。
Presentation
When do you use each tense
用法
结构
标志词
例句
②行为动词
他每天打乒乓球。
肯定句
否定句
一般疑问句
一般现在时
一般过去时
He plays ping-pong everyday.
He played ping-pong last weekend.
He doesn’t play ping-pong everyday.
He didn’t play ping-pong last weekend.
Does he play ping-pong everyday
Did he play ping-pong last weekend
他上周末打乒乓球。
Presentation
When do you use each tense
用法
结构
标志词
她昨天看了电视。
She ________ (watch) TV yesterday.
She often ________ (watch) TV.
她常常看电视。
watches
watched
Did
否定句：
一般疑问句：
She _______ often watch TV.
doesn’t
____ she often watch TV
Does
____ she watch TV yesterday
She ______watch TV yesterday.
didn’t
她们昨天看了电视。
她们常常看电视。
They
They ________ (watch) TV yesterday.
watched
They often ______ (watch) TV.
watch
They ______watch TV yesterday.
didn’t
They _____ often watch TV.
don’t
____ they watch TV yesterday
Did
____ they often watch TV
Do
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I watched Ne Zha last week.
否定句
一般疑问句
特殊疑问句
I didn’t watch Nezha last week.
Did you watch Ne Zha last week
When did you watch Nezha
否定句
一般疑问句
特殊疑问句
Ne Zha didn’t play with a little girl on the beach.
Did Ne Zha play with a little girl on the beach
Where did Ne Zha play with a little girl
Ne Zha played with a little girl on the beach.
Presentation
实义动词
实义动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则是什么呢
条件 变化形式 例词
一般情况下
以o, s, x, ch, sh结尾
以“辅音字母+y”结尾
加-s
加-es
变y为i,加-es
likes, runs, plays, walks
goes, does,teaches,finishes
studies, cries, flies, carries
1. “元音字母+y”结尾的动词,直接加-s.
2.特殊情况have-has
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Rule Example Pronunciation
look-looked play-played
visit–visited listen–listened
stop–stopped plan–planned
shop-shopped prefer-preferred
worry–worried study–studied
carry-carried try-tried
live–lived use–used
move-moved arrive-arrived
一般在动词后
直接加-ed
以不发音的 e 结尾的动词
先双写辅音字母，再加-ed
直接加-d
末尾只有一个辅音的重读闭音节动词
变 y 为 i，再加-ed
以辅音字母加 y 的动词
清辅音后读/t/
浊辅音和元音后读/d/
/t/和/d/后读/ d/
实义动词
实义动词(规则)过去式的变化规则是什么呢
Presentation
let-let(让) put-put(放) cut-cut(砍) read-read(读) hurt-hurt(伤害)
cost-cost(花钱) set-set(放;置) shut-shut(关闭) spread-spread(传播)
过去式与动词原形一样
swim-swam(游泳) sing-sang(唱歌) begin-began(开始)
give-gave(给) drink-drank(喝)
变i为a
bring-brought(带来) buy-bought(买) think-thought(想) teach-taught(教)
过去式以ought或aught结尾
实义动词
实义动词(不规则)过去式的变化规则总结:
Presentation
feel-felt(感到) keep-kept(保持;保留) sleep-slept(睡觉) sweep-swept(扫地)
中间去e,末尾加t
ride-rode(骑) drive-drove(驾驶) write-wrote(写)
变i为o
know-knew(知道) grow-grew(种植) throw-threw(扔) draw-drew(画画)
变ow/aw为ew
build-built(修建) lend-lent(借) send-sent(发送;邮寄) spend-spent(花费)
以d结尾,变d为t
实义动词
实义动词(不规则)过去式的变化规则总结:
Presentation
When do you use each tense
用法
结构
标志词
Jim is a student. He likes playing basketball and he plays basketball well. He often plays basketball on weekends. But it was very hot last weekend, so he went swimming with his father. His father pointed to the sun and told his that the earth goes around the sun.
Simple present tense
Simple past tense
表示频度的副词或短语: always, usually, once a weekend, twice a month...
时间状语: on Mondays, every day, every morning, in winter, on weekend(s), ...
表示过去的时间状语:
last Monday/week/year...
two days/weeks/years ago,
yesterday morning/evening...
in 2008, just now, in the past,…
判断句子用什么时态时需要仔细分辨句中的标志词.
Presentation
When do you use each tense
用法
结构
标志词
Simple present tense
Simple past tense
表示现在的实际情况.
表示人的性格,能力或爱好等
表示经常性,习惯性的动作
表示客观真理,自然现象等
表示过去存在的状态
表示过去(经常性,习惯性)发生的动作
表示频度的副词或短语: always, usually, once a weekend, twice a month...
时间状语: on Mondays, every day, every morning...
表示过去的时间状语:
last Monday/week/year...
two days/weeks/years ago
yesterday morning/evening...
in 2008
主语+am/is/are+其他.
主语+实义动词原形/三单+其他.
主语+was/were+其他.
主语+实义动词的过去式+其他.
Presentation
3b
Choose the correct forms of the verbs.
1. When I am / was a child, my favourite book is / was Peter Rabbit.
2. I usually tell / told funny stories to my friends. But I tell / told them a sad story yesterday, and they cried.
3. The mouse asks / asked the lion not to kill him. He promises / promised to help the lion, and the lion let him go.
4. The two brothers lie / lied to the emperor, but the emperor didn’t know that and buy / bought their clothes.
5. Usually, people feel / felt sad when they lose / lost something. But the farmer in the story didn’t feel sad when he loses / lost his horse.
tell sth to sb=tell sb sth 告诉某人某事
Presentation
Once upon a time, a king _____ (ask) an artist to paint him a horse. “Please _______(give) me some time,” the artist _______ (answer). The king waited for a few months before he ________ (grow) angry. “
Where _____ (be) my painting ” he asked.
Quickly, the artist __________ (paint) a beautiful
picture of a horse. The king said, “I ______ (like)
it! But why did you make me wait so long ” The
artist _______ (smile) and ________ (take) the
king to his house. There were paintings of horses all over! “It took me months to learn how to paint a horse well!” he ________ (say).
asked
give
answered
grew
is
painted
like
smiled
took
said
What tenses do we use when telling the story
The simple past tense is used to tell the development of the plot.
The simple present tense is used to state the character lines(台词).
quick adj.快的 quickly [ kw kl ] adv.快速地
浑身；到处；遍及
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
某人花费一些时间去做某事
artist [ ɑ t st]
n. 艺术家
3c
Complete the short story with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
tip:
直接引语用一般现在时
wait for 等待
wait for sb/sth
等待某人/某物
wait for sb/sth to do sth
等待某人/某物做某事
king [k ] n. 君主；国王
make sb. do sth.
smile [sma l] v.微笑 n.微笑；笑容
“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，作learn的宾语
Presentation
Once upon a time, a king asked an artist to paint him a horse. “Please give me some time,” the artist answered. The king waited for a few months before he grew angry. “Where is my painting ” he asked. Quickly, the artist painted a beautiful picture of a horse. The king said, “I like it! But why did you make me wait so long ” The artist smiled and took the king to his house. There were paintings of horses all over! “It took me months to learn how to paint a horse well!” he said.
1. Give the story a title.
2. Why did the artist make the king wait so long
Because it took the artist months to learn how to paint a horse well.
3. What did you learn from the story
Success is not accidental. It comes from continuous efforts and perseverance.
Practice makes perfect.
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Presentation
The changes of the feelings.
A king asked an artist to paint him a horse.
The artist asked the king to give him some time.
The king waited for a few months and grew angry.
The artist painted a beautiful picture of a horse.
It took the artist months to learn how to paint a horse well.
Presentation
Story: An artist painted a horse.
Characters:
a king and an artist
asked an artist to paint a horse
“Give me some time.”
waited for months, grew angry
“Where is my painting ”
“I like it! Why... ”
smiled, took the king to his house
painted all over
“It took me months...”
quickly painted a beautiful horse
Lesson: Success comes from long-term hard work.
What would happen next Write an ending for the story.
Presentation
The king looked around at all the paintings. He understood then that practice makes perfect. "You didn’t just paint a horse," the king said. "You painted with patience!" He rewarded the artist with gold and a smile. From that day on, the king never rushed anyone again.
What would happen next Write an ending for the story.
Let’s make up an ending.
Presentation
3d
Share your favourite story. Tell your classmates why you like it.
A.课内故事
B.课外故事
My favourite story is …
Once upon a time, …
The end!
I like this story because …
Introduction: My favourite story is _____________________. It’s a _____________________ [fairy tale /fable/adventure story…] .It happened in _____________________
Characters: The main character is _____________________, who is _____________________ [e.g. brave, kind-hearted, curious…]. He/She _____________________ . There are also other supporting characters like _____________________, each with their own unique personalities.”
Plot: Once upon a time, _____________________. Then,_____________ After that, _____________________ In the end, _____________________. It's really a _____________________ending.
Lessons/ Morals: The story reminds us that _________________________.
Reason: I love this story because _________________________________.
My favourite story is Yu Gong Moves the Mountains.
Once upon a time, there was an old man called Yu Gong. There were two high mountains near his house. Because of the two high mountains, it was difficult for the villagers to go out. Yu Gong decided to move the mountains with his family. One day, when Yu Gong and his family moved the mountains, an old man laughed at him and told them not to do it anymore. But Yu Gong and his family kept on working. They worked hard day and night, without taking a break. In the end, the god heard about this and was moved by Yu Gong’s spirit. He sent another two gods to help take the mountains away in the end!
I like this story because it tells us that as long as we never give up, anything is possible.
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Every story hides a lesson, and every book is a window to wisdom—read widely, and let the light of truth guide your growth.
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Further thinking
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使用动词的正确形式填空
Once upon a time, there _______ (be) three little pigs. The first pig _______ (build) a house of straw(茅草). The second pig built a house of sticks(树枝). The third pig built a strong house of bricks(砖). A big bad wolf _______ (come). He _______ (blow) down the straw and stick houses easily, but couldn’t _______ (break) the brick house. The pigs in the brick house were safe, and the wolf _______ (run) away. The story _______ (tell) us to do things carefully.
were
built
came
blew
break
ran
tells
Presentation
Watch another story and fill in the blanks.
Once upon a time, there ___(be) a young man whose parents died when he was young. He _____(be) very poor and he _____(live) by working for others.
One day, he _____(come)home from work and _____(see) a bright snail by the road, so he _____(take) the beautiful snail home and _____(keep) it in his water tank.
The next day, the young man ____(go) out to work as usual. On his way home in the
in the evening,he _____(see) his chimney smoking from a distance. He _________ (hurry) home and ______(find) the delicious food.“Who ____(do) this ” He decided to find out why. One day he went home early. Then he _____(meet) the snail girl . From then on, the snail girl _____ with the young man
was
was
lived
came
saw
took
kept
went
saw
hurried
found
did
met
lived
Presentation
Homework
Must do:
1. Copy the new words and expressions.
2. Try to recite 3a.
Can do:
Telling the story to others.
Preview Section B (1a-1d).
谢谢
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