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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
篇章结构类阅读理解答题技巧及专项训练
一、题型识别（常见提问句式）
What is the structure of the passage
How is the passage organized
The passage is developed mainly by ______.
What does the writer do in the first/last paragraph
Which of the following shows the structure of the article
二、核心篇章结构分类（必考 6 类）
1. 总分式（Total-Part）
结构：总→分 / 总→分→总
特征：首段点明主旨，后文分点论述；结尾总结呼应。
标志：firstly, secondly, besides, also
2. 并列式（Parallel）
结构：段落 / 内容地位平等，并列陈述多个事实、观点、案例。
标志：and, also, what’s more, on one hand…on the other hand
3. 递进式（Progression）
结构：内容层层深入，由浅到深、由现象到本质。
标志：besides, furthermore, what’s worse, even
4. 对比 / 比较式（Comparison & Contrast）
结构：对比两者异同、优劣、新旧。
标志：but, however, while, compared with, different from
5. 因果式（Cause & Effect）
结构：先讲原因→后讲结果；或先现象→再分析缘由。
标志：because, so, therefore, as a result, thus
6. 时间 / 顺序式（Time/Sequence）
结构：按时间、事件发展顺序行文（故事、人物传记、流程类）。
标志：years ago, then, later, finally, in the past, now
三、标准解题步骤（固定框架）
1.读题干：确定考查篇章 / 段落结构
2.抓主旨句：看首段、尾段、每段首句，理清段落关系
3.找逻辑词：圈转折、并列、因果、顺序类连接词
4.梳理段意：判断段落是总分、并列、对比还是时间顺序
5.匹配选项：对照结构图 / 文字描述，排除不符项
四、选项 & 图形题解题技巧
图形结构题：先数段落数量，再看段落间逻辑，一一对应。
区分易混结构：
有转折词 but/however → 大概率对比；有分点罗列词 → 大概率总分 / 并列； 出现时间词 → 优先时间顺序。
避坑要点：
不纠结细节内容，只看段落逻辑关系。首尾段都总结 → 锁定 总 — 分 — 总
五、速记口诀
先看首尾段，再抓逻辑词；并列分点列，转折做对比；先后看时间，因果找 so/because；总分最常见，图形对段落。
专项训练
Passage 1 Short Video Creation 短视频创作
Nowadays, many teenagers love making short videos in their free time. It has become a popular hobby among middle school students.
First of all, making short videos is a great way to show ourselves. We can share our talents, daily stories or funny moments with others. Besides, it improves our practical skills. We learn how to shoot, cut videos and match background music little by little. What’s more, we can make new friends who have the same hobby through the Internet.
However, we should also set rules for ourselves. Don’t spend too much time on it, and never post bad or untrue information online.
In short, making short videos is fun as long as we use it properly.
阅读短文，从下面A、B、C、D中选出最佳答案。
（ ）1.What is the main idea of Paragraph 2
The ways to make short videos. B. Advantages of making short videos.
C. Different kinds of short videos. D. Popular short video platforms.
（ ）2.Why does the writer advise students to set rules
Because making videos costs lots of money.
Because videos may take too much study time.
Because some students have no talent for it.
D. Because few people like students’ videos.
（ ）3.The underlined word "properly" means ______.
A. 随意地 B. 频繁地 C. 合理地 D. 消极地
（ ）4.Which of the following is NOT the advantage of making short videos
Showing personal talents. B. Learning useful skills.
C. Meeting new friends. D. Watching more funny videos.
（ ）5.Which picture shows the structure of the passage
A. 总分 B. 总分总 C. 分总 D. 分分分（并列）
Passage 2 Bullet Journal 创意手账
Bullet journal is getting hot with young people. It is not just a notebook, but a useful tool to organize life and record feelings.
You can use a bullet journal to plan your study. Write down homework, exam dates and daily study plans here. It helps you arrange time well. You can also record happy or sad stories in it. Drawing small pictures and sticking cute stickers makes the journal lively. Some students even use it to collect favorite sentences and song lyrics.
Keeping a bullet journal takes time, but it brings us a lot of warmth and changes. It lets us live a more orderly life.
阅读短文，从下面A、B、C、D中选出最佳答案。
（ ）1.What do students NOT write in their bullet journals
A. Study plans. B. Song lyrics. C. Bad news from others. D. Personal stories.
（ ）2.What can a bullet journal help us do
Make more pocket money. B. Plan time clearly.
C. Learn to draw well. D. Find new hobbies.
（ ）3.The word "organize" in Paragraph 1 means ______.
A. 规划 B. 忘记 C. 破坏 D. 分享
（ ）4.How do students make their journals lively
By buying expensive notebooks. B. By writing long articles.
C. By drawing pictures and using stickers. D. By showing them to friends.
（ ）5.Which picture shows the structure of the passage
A. 分总B. 总分C. 分分分（递进）D. 分分分（并列）
Passage 3 Outdoor Camping 周末露营
Camping is one of the most exciting outdoor activities for students. More and more families go camping on weekends.
Camping brings us close to nature. We can breathe fresh air and enjoy beautiful views far from the noisy city. During camping, we have to do things by ourselves. We put up tents, prepare simple meals and clean up the place. This teaches us to be independent. We also play games and talk happily with family or friends. It makes our relationship much closer.
If you feel tired from busy study, try camping. It will give you a wonderful experience.
阅读短文，从下面A、B、C、D中选出最佳答案。
（ ）1.Where do people usually go camping
A. In the city center. B. Close to nature. C. In the classroom. D. In tall buildings.
（ ）2. What can we learn from camping
To be independent. B. To make more money.
C. To sing beautiful songs. D. To write good articles.
（ ）3.Which of the following is true
Camping makes people tired all the time. B. Students never go camping with families.
C. Camping helps get on well with friends. D. We needn’t do anything when camping.
（ ）4. Why do students like camping
It is cheap and easy. B. It is full of fun and relaxing.
C. It can help with schoolwork. D. It needs no preparation.
（ ）5.Which picture shows the structure of the passage
A. 分分分（并列） B. 总分总 C. 分分分（递进） D. 分总
Passage 4 Pet Bloggers 校园宠物博主
Many teenagers become small pet bloggers these days. They share photos and short videos of their cute pets online.
Raising pets makes our life colorful. A lovely cat or dog can stay with us when we feel lonely. Taking care of pets also trains our sense of responsibility. We feed them, walk them and look after them carefully every day. Besides, sharing pet stories online lets us meet many pet lovers. We can talk about raising skills together.
Before sharing pet content online, we must keep our personal information safe. Never tell strangers your address or school.
阅读短文，从下面A、B、C、D中选出最佳答案。
（ ）1.What do pet bloggers share online
A. Study notes. B. Pet photos and videos. C. Travel plans. D. Story books.
（ ）2.What can we learn from keeping pets
How to make friends quickly. B. To be responsible
C. To take good photos. D. How to write blogs.
（ ）3.The underlined word "lonely" means ______.
A. 开心的 B. 忙碌的 C. 孤独的 D . 惊讶的
（ ）4.What advice does the writer give
Keep personal information safe. B. Raise more pets at home.
C. Share everything online. D. Walk pets every morning.
（ ）5.Which picture shows the structure of Paragraph 2
A. 分分（并列）B. 分分（递进）C. 总分D. 分总
Passage 5 DIY Handcrafts 趣味手工
DIY handcrafts are popular among middle school students. Making things by hand is a great way to kill free time.
There are different kinds of easy handcrafts for us. We can make paper flowers with colorful paper. We can also turn used bottles into beautiful vases. Old cloth can be made into small bags or dolls. All these things are simple but creative.
Making handcrafts is not only fun. It also helps us save waste and develop our imagination. It is really a meaningful hobby.
阅读短文，从下面A、B、C、D中选出最佳答案。
（ ）1.What can we NOT make with waste things
A. Paper flowers. B. New phones. C. Small bags. D. Vases.
（ ）2.What is the advantage of DIY handcrafts
It costs lots of money. B. It wastes much time.
C. It develops imagination. D. It needs special tools.
（ ）3.The phrase "kill free time" means ______.
A. 消磨空闲时间 B. 放弃休息时间 C. 浪费学习时间 D. 珍惜课余时间
（ ）4.Which material is NOT mentioned in the passage
A. Colorful paper. B. Used bottles. C. Old cloth. D. Metal boxes.
（ ）5.Which picture shows the structure of the passage
A. 总分B. 分总C. 分分分（递进）D. 过渡句（仅承上启下）
Passage 6 School Clubs 特色校园社团
Our school has many wonderful clubs, and they make our after-school life rich and fun.
The Music Club is full of joy. Students sing songs and play musical instruments there. The Art Club is for painting lovers. You can learn to draw cartoons and water paintings. The Sports Club holds all kinds of ball games every week. If you like reading, the Reading Club is your best choice. Members share good books and talk about stories together.
Joining a club helps us develop hobbies and make more friends. It is an important part of school life.
阅读短文，从下面A、B、C、D中选出最佳答案。
（ ）1.What can students do in the Art Club
A. Sing songs. B. Learn to draw. C. Play basketball. D. Read storybooks.
（ ）2.Which club fits book lovers
A. Music Club. B. Sports Club. C. Reading Club . D. Art Club.
（ ）3.The word "rich" in Line 1 means ______.
A. 富有的 B. 丰富的 C. 无聊的 D. 短暂的
（ ）4.What is the benefit of joining school clubs
Having no homework. B. Developing hobbies.
C. Leaving school early. D. Getting good grades easily.
（ ）5.Which picture shows the structure of Paragraph 2
A. 分分分分（并列）B. 分分（递进）C. 总分D. 分总
Passage 7 Blind Boxes 潮流盲盒
Blind boxes are super popular with teenagers now. Many students love collecting cute doll blind boxes in their daily life.
When we buy a blind box, we do not know what doll is inside. This brings us surprise and fun. Collecting different dolls makes us happy. However, every coin has two sides. Some students spend too much pocket money on blind boxes. A few even buy them instead of school things.
So we should keep a right attitude towards blind boxes. Enjoy the fun, but do not buy too many.
阅读短文，从下面A、B、C、D中选出最佳答案。
（ ）1.Why do students love blind boxes
They are very cheap. B. They bring surprise and fun.
C. They can help study. D. They are big and useful.
（ ）2.What is the problem about blind boxes
The dolls inside are ugly. B. They are hard to collect.
C. Some students spend too much money. D. They are not easy to buy.
（ ）3.The sentence "every coin has two sides" means ______.
A. 事物都有两面性 B. 硬币有两个面 C. 凡事都很简单 D. 金钱非常重要
（ ）4.What advice does the writer give
Never buy blind boxes. B. Collect all kinds of blind boxes.
C. Have a right attitude. D. Sell blind boxes for money.
（ ）5.Which picture shows the structure of the passage
A. 分总B. 总分总C. 分分（并列）D. 分分（递进）
Passage 8 City Cycling 城市骑行
Riding bikes around the city has become a new fashion for students. It is a great outdoor activity.
First, cycling is good for our health. It is easy exercise to keep our bodies strong. Second, riding bikes is environmentally friendly. It produces no dirty gas and does not pollute the air. Third, cycling helps us enjoy the city slowly. We can see different street views along the way.
If you want to relax on weekends, go cycling with your friends. You will have a great time.
阅读短文，从下面A、B、C、D中选出最佳答案。
（ ）1.How many advantages of cycling are mentioned
A. Two. B. Three . C. Four. D. Five.
（ ）2.Why is cycling environmentally friendly
It costs no money. B. It needs no fuel and pollutes nothing.
C. It runs very fast. D. It can carry many people.
（ ）3.The underlined word "fashion" means ______.
A. 麻烦 B. 潮流 C. 危险 D. 规则
（ ）4.What can we enjoy when cycling
A. Delicious food. B. Street views. C. New movies. D. Popular songs.
（ ）5.Which picture shows the relationship of the three points in Paragraph 2
A. 分分分（递进）B. 分分分（并列）C. 总分D. 分总
Passage 9 Green Plants Raising 绿植养护
Growing small green plants at home is a relaxing hobby for many students. It can make our room beautiful and fresh.
Taking care of plants needs patience. We need to water them regularly and put them in proper places with sunlight. Watching small plants grow day by day makes us feel satisfied. Some students also write growth diaries for their plants. They record the changes of leaves and flowers.
Growing plants teaches us to be careful and patient. It is a meaningful little hobby.
阅读短文，从下面A、B、C、D中选出最佳答案。
（ ）1.What do we need to do to look after plants
Water them regularly. B. Move them everywhere.
C. Keep them in dark rooms. D. Cut leaves every day.
（ ）2.Why do some students write growth diaries
To finish homework. B. To record plants’ changes.
C. To share with classmates. D. To learn new words.
（ ）3.The word "patience" means ______.
A. 勇气 B. 耐心 C. 力量 D. 梦想
（ ）4.What can we learn from growing plants
A. To be careless. B. To be patient. C. To run fast. D. To draw well.
（ ）5.Which picture shows the structure of the passage
A. 总分B. 总分总C. 分分（并列）D. 分分（递进）
Passage 10 Board Games 趣味桌游
Board games are wonderful activities for family and friends. They are popular at parties and family gatherings.
Playing board games brings people together. When we play games, we talk and laugh with each other. It makes our relationship closer. What’s more, many board games need thinking. They can improve our brain and logical thinking skills. Finally, board games are great ways to kill time on rainy days or holidays.
All in all, board games are full of fun and wisdom. They are great choices for us.
阅读短文，从下面A、B、C、D中选出最佳答案。
（ ）1.Where do people usually play board games
At parties or family gatherings. B. On the way to school.
C. In big libraries. D. On busy streets.
（ ）2.Playing board games can NOT ______.
make people get on well. B. improve thinking skills.
C. bring people happiness. D. help us run faster.
（ ）3.The underlined phrase "logical thinking" means ______.
A. 肢体运动 B. 逻辑思维 C. 艺术天赋 D. 语言能力
（ ）4.How many advantages are talked about in Paragraph 2
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
（ ）5.Which picture shows the structure of the passage
A. 分总B. 总分总C. 仅递进结构D. 仅并列结构
Key:
Passage1
1.B 2. B 3. C 4. D 5.B解析：文章开篇总起，中间分述优缺点，结尾总结，为总分总结构。
Passage 2
1.C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5.A解析：前文分述手账用法，最后一段总结价值，属于分总结构。
Passage 3
1.B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5.B解析：总起介绍露营，中间分述好处，结尾总结推荐，总分总结构。
Passage 4
1.B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5.A解析：第二段并列介绍养宠物的两大好处，为并列结构。
Passage 5
1.B 2. C 3. A 4. D5.A解析：首段总述手工受欢迎，后文分述种类与意义，总分结构。
Passage 6
1.B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5.A解析：第二段并列介绍四个不同社团，并列结构。
Passage 7
1.B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5.B解析：总起引入盲盒，中间分述利弊，结尾总结提建议，总分总结构。
Passage 8
1.B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5.B解析：三点优势平行罗列，彼此无层层深入，为并列结构。
Passage 9
1.A 2. B 3. B 4. B 5.B解析：开头总述养绿植的好处，中间分述养护过程，结尾总结收获，总分总结构。
Passage 10
1.A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5.B解析：全文采用 “总起 — 分述优点 — 总结”，标准总分总结构。
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