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[学生用书P157(单独成册)]
维度一　词形转换和动词的形式变换
1．The human body has natural defence(defend) system to protect it from disease.
2．The man must now face the consequences(consequent) of his actions and be brought to trial.
3．We will refund your money to you in full if you are not entirely(entire) satisfied.
4．To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of applicants(apply) to attend the party.
5．The levels of chemicals(chemistry) in the river are not insignificant.
6．He was rich, but is now reduced to poverty(poor).
维度二　固定用法和搭配
1．They surf the Internet every day with the aim of keeping track of the latest events.
2．But we need to keep in mind that what we see on social media is often not the whole truth about a person.
3．With so much homework to__do(do), I won't go to the cinema this weekend.
4．The pictures call up the hard time that I used to have.
5．After graduating from college，he applied to the company for a job.
6．I am sure we can come up with a good solution to the complex math problem that has puzzled the whole class.
维度三　完成句子
1．在我看来，前一种选择比后者要明智得多。
In my view, the__former__option__is__much__more__sensible than the latter.
2．全班同学都盯着她看，她感到尴尬。(with复合结构)
She felt embarrassed with__the__whole__class__staring__at__her．
3．足球对我很重要，我们的友谊也是。(so＋助动词＋主语)
Football is very important to me, and so__is__our__friendship．
4．如果你对别人的意见保持开放的心态，你会取得更大的进步。
You will make greater progress if you keep__an__open__mind about others' opinions.
5．被我儿子打破的玻璃已经扫走了。
The glass broken__by__my__son has been swept away.
维度四　融合教材·主题探究
【改编自外研必修二U6】
Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment, and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution. But recently, some “green truths” have been shown to be only half true, or even completely false. Here are some common ones. Which are really green
Paper shopping bags are better than plastic ones.
Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals, which mistake them for food. It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down, but much less time for paper. Because of this, people think paper bags are the better environmental choice.
However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. The process also produces more greenhouse gases.
In fact, both kinds of bags are bad for the environment. So, take a reusable bag with you when you go shopping.
When you turn off a device, it stops using power.
When we turn off a device, such as television, it goes into stand-by mode. Devices in this mode still use power, and older devices in stand-by mode can use even more. This happens because electricity continues to leak from the device, even when it is turned “off”. To make sure your appliance is in fact off, remove the plug from its power supply.
Eating local food is good for the environment.
It seems like common sense: eating local food should be better for the environment, because it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold during transport. Unfortunately, it is not that simple. It is the production of food, not its transport, that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases. In some cases, local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away—even taking into account its transport.
1．Which of the following is TRUE about paper shopping bags
A．They are completely green.
B．They are better than plastic bags.
C．They use less energy to produce.
D.They are not as environmentally friendly as thought.
2．What happens when a device is in stand-by mode
A．It doesn't use any power.
B．It uses less power than when it's on.
C．It still uses some power.
D．It stops leaking electricity.
3．What can we infer from the passage about local food
A.It always saves energy and reduces greenhouse gases.
B．Its production process may not be as green as thought.
C．It is always better for the environment than imported food.
D.Transport is the main cause of energy consumption in food production.
4．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Ways to save energy and reduce waste.
B．Explanations of some common green beliefs.
C．The disadvantages of using plastic bags.
D．The importance of eating local food.
答案：1～4.DCBB
[学生用书P159(单独成册)]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
With greater climate catastrophe (气候突变) on Earth, it is natural for us to make every effort to stop the potential floods, snowstorms, and alarming reports from scientists.For many of us (myself included), part of that means running out to buy reusable straws, organic cleaners, and packaging-free products.
However, before you are delighted at “green” purchases, take a second to consider the results of a new study from Arizona University.By comparing the shopping habits, mental health and environmental impact of young people, the researchers reconfirmed a principle: Buying less beats buying “green” stuff without effort.And that is true whether you are looking at the impact that your purchases have on the Earth or on your own happiness.
It should not come as a shock that simply consuming less is better for the planet.After all, every new item a factory yields requires some resources to produce.Take plastic bag bans for instance.If your city is getting rid of single-use shopping bags, it can be attractive to pay for a fashionable organic cotton bag hanging in the check-out line of your local supermarket.However, experts insist that growing cotton is actually no better for the Earth than producing the conventional plastic bags.Then what is your best bet for carrying your groceries if you care about sustainability Any bag you already own.
It is not just the Earth that will be happier if you buy less.You will feel more contented too, according to the new study.“People believe that they might well be self-satisfied about becoming environmentally conscious through ‘green’ buying patterns, but it doesn't seem to be that way，” said the lead researcher Sabrina Helm.“Reduced consumption has effects on increased happiness, but we don't see that with ‘green’ consumption.”
“Owning every new ‘green’ product on the market might make you feel contented, but if you relieve yourself of that burden of ownership, most people report feeling a lot better，” said Helm.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。亚利桑那大学的一项新研究结果表明，减少消费比所谓的“绿色消费”对地球更好，这会让人类得到更多。
1．Why does the author mention “green” shopping habits
A．To call on a green lifestyle.
B．To present a half true “green” truth.
C．To introduce a social trend.
D．To praise people's green efforts.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段内容可推知，作者提到“绿色”购物习惯是为了呈现半真半假的“绿色”真相。
2．What's the main idea of paragraph 3
A．Growing cotton is far worse for the Earth.
B.Reduced consumption is better for the Earth.
C．Using any bag you have is the best bet.
D．The plastic bag bans are of no effect.
B　解析：段落大意题。根据第三段内容，尤其是“It should not come as a shock that simply consuming less is better for the planet.”可知，第三段主要是讲减少消费对地球更好。
3．What does the underlined word “contented” in paragraph 4 refer to
A．The sense of achievement.
B．The sense of relief.
C．The sense of happiness.
D．The sense of security.
C　解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“It is not just the Earth that will be happier if you buy less.”和“Reduced consumption has effects on increased happiness”可知，此处指减少消费会让你幸福，所以contented意为“幸福的”。
4．What might be the best title for the passage
A．Less Is More
B．The Greener, The Happier
C．Happiness Guarantee
D．What Are Green Products
A　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段内容和第三段中的“It should not come as a shock that simply consuming less is better for the planet.”可知，文章主要介绍了减少消费比所谓的“绿色消费”对地球更好，这会让人类得到更多。因此，A项最适合作文章标题。
B
(2025·江西多校联考)Chinese scientists have created starch (淀粉), a type of complex carbohydrate found in plants, using carbon dioxide, hydrogen and electricity.
Experts say if such technique can be scaled-up (大规模) to the level of industrialization, it may revolutionize how this key nutrient and industrial ingredient is made, since it does not require farming and processing a large quantity of starchy crops such as sweet potatoes and corn, thus saving more water, fertilizer, and arable land.
It may also be used to recycle carbon dioxide into a consumable product.This will help reduce carbon emissions and fight climate change, especially if the electricity used is from renewable sources like solar and wind.
In space exploration it may provide a sustainable food source for astronauts as they travel long distances in space and try to colonize other planets where growing food is impossible.Future space travelers may simply turn the carbon dioxide they breathe out into food they eat.
Ma Yanhe, the director of the Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, says starch and other complex carbohydrates make up 60 to 80 percent of the human diet.
“Our breakthrough demonstrates that creating a complex compound like starch is achievable in a lab, and there are many industries that can benefit from this technology，” he says.
Plants create carbohydrates like starch through photosynthesis (光合作用), which is an extremely complex process, says Ma, adding that it will take a plant about 60 steps to turn carbon dioxide, water and sunlight into starch.
Cai Tao, one of the first authors of the study, says for six years, his team has been focusing on a single project: how to make starch, but do it at a higher speed.He says their method involves first converting carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas into methanol (甲醇).Scientists then piece these single-carbon molecules like a puzzle into bigger and more complex molecules via enzymatic (酶的) processes.
With the help of supercomputing, Chinese scientists have simplified the natural starch making process from about 60 into 11 steps and produced starch.The lab -made starch is chemically identical to starch in nature.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国科学家利用二氧化碳、氢气和电力制造淀粉的技术突破及其对环境、食品生产和太空探索的潜在影响。
5．Which is NOT a potential benefit if the technique can be used on an industrial level
A．It will have a positive influence on climate change.
B．It will help produce renewable resources such as solar and wind.
C．It will offer a practical food solution for astronauts.
D．It will help save several sources from water to farming land.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This will help reduce carbon emissions...like solar and wind.”可知，如果使用的电力来自可再生能源，将有助于减少碳排放和对抗气候变化，而不是说该技术本身会生产可再生能源。
6．Which might be the biggest difficulty in creating the lab-made starch
A．Making starch faster.
B．Collecting enough raw materials.
C．Repeating the photosynthesis of plants.
D．Involving methanol in the making process.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Cai Tao, one of the first authors of the study...but do it at a higher speed.”和最后一段中的“With the help of supercomputing...about 60 into 11 steps and produced starch.”可推知，制造实验室合成淀粉最大的困难可能是如何更快制造淀粉。
7．What's the best title for the passage
A.Starch, an Important Complex Carbohydrate
B．The Great Benefits of Starch
C.Chinese Scientists Successfully Turn Carbon Dioxide into Starch
D.Chinese Scientists Make Contributions to Climate Change
C　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了中国科学家成功地将二氧化碳转化为淀粉这一成就及其潜在的应用前景。因此，C项最适合作文章标题。
8．In which part of a newspaper could you most probably read the passage
A．Science.　　　　　　B．Lifestyle.
C．Environment. D．Health.
A　解析：文章出处题。文章介绍了中国科学家在制造淀粉方面的科学技术，包括制造淀粉所使用的原料、制造过程、技术的优势以及可能的应用领域等。因此，这篇文章可能出现在报纸的“科学”部分。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·湖南天壹名校联盟联考)I find even small things can have an impact on our awareness.
My wife, daughter, and I moved into our home nine years ago and we spent a lot of __1__ in the yard to get it looking like it does today. We did the best and called this area our “rock garden”．
Last summer I found a tiny little plant that I could not immediately __2__. I knew I didn't plant it and Denise __3__ that she didn't, either. We decided to let it continue growing until we could __4__ what it was.
Weeks passed and as I made my way back to the __5__ plant, it appeared to be a Sunflower. I decided to baby it along. As I pulled rocks from the area to get to the weeds, I noticed something __6__. The Sunflower had not started where I saw the stalk (茎) begin. It __7__ had begun under a big rock.
That's when I realized that if a tiny little Sunflower didn't let a big rock get __8__ its way of developing, we too have the __9__ of doing the same thing. Once our environment begins to see that we believe in ourselves like that little Sunflower, we can __10__ the same nutrition and grow as well. We need to believe in ourselves, __11__ we are able to achieve our desires. Like the Sunflower, it knew it could __12__ its difficulty because it trusted the Universal Truth and had __13__ it would succeed.
Stand __14__ like the Sunflower and be proud of who and what you are and the environment will begin to __15__ you. You will find a way to go under or around your big rock in order to reach your desires.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述作者发现一株向日葵在石头下顽强生长的经历，启示我们也要像向日葵一样，相信自己，克服困难，实现自己的目标。
1．A.debt　 B．tax
C．energy D．career
C　解析：根据下文“to get it looking like it does today”可知，作者一家为了让院子看起来漂亮，花费了很多精力(energy)。
2．A.recognize B．predict
C．possess D．adjust
A　解析：根据下文“I knew I didn't plant it”可知，作者没有立刻认出(recognize)这株植物。
3．A.interpreted B．claimed
C．demonstrated D．advertised
B　解析：根据上文“I knew I didn't plant it”和下文“she didn't, either”可知，丹尼丝也声称(claim)不是她种的。
4．A.make up B．sum up
C．put down D．figure out
D　解析：根据上文“We decided to let it continue growing”可知，作者决定让这株植物继续生长，直到弄清楚(figure out)它是什么。
5．A.outstanding B．identical
C．mysterious D．realistic
C　解析：根据上文“I found a tiny little plant that I could not immediately ______”可知，作者一开始没有认出这株植物，所以觉得它很神秘(mysterious)。
6．A.critical B．accurate
C．universal D．unusual
D　解析：根据下文“The Sunflower...under a big rock.”可知，向日葵生长的位置和作者看到的不一样，所以作者觉得这件事很不寻常(unusual)。
7．A.actually B．carefully
C．greedily D．gently
A　解析：根据上文“The Sunflower had not started where I saw the stalk begin.”可知，向日葵实际上(actually)是从石头下面开始生长的。
8．A.off B．on
C．in D．back
C　解析：根据上文“if a tiny little Sunflower didn't let a big rock get”和下文its way of developing可知，这里指向日葵没有让石头阻挡它的生长，get in the way of为固定短语，意为“阻碍、阻挡”。
9．A.curiosity B．security
C．reality D．capability
D　解析：根据下文doing the same thing可知，作者认为我们也有能力(capability)像向日葵一样，不被困难阻挡。
10．A.clone B．get
C．purchase D．input
B　解析：根据下文“the same nutrition and grow as well”可知，这里指获得(get)同样的营养。
11．A.demanding B．ignoring
C．knowing D．analyzing
C　解析：根据上文“We need to believe in ourselves”和下文“we are able to achieve our desires”可知，我们需要相信自己能够实现愿望，也就是要知道(know)自己能做到。
12．A.display B．overcome
C．investigate D．witness
B　解析：根据下文“because it trusted...would succeed”可知，向日葵相信自己能克服(overcome)困难。
13．A.faith B．responsibility
C．liberty D．determination
A　解析：根据上文“it knew it could ______ its difficulty”可知，向日葵有信心(faith)自己会成功。
14．A.consistent B．committed
C．adorable D．tall
D　解析：根据下文like the Sunflower可知，向日葵是高大的(tall)，所以这里指像向日葵一样挺立。
15．A.transform B．support
C．boost D．urge
B　解析：根据下文“You will find a way...reach your desires.”可知，当你像向日葵一样挺立，为你自己感到骄傲时，环境就会开始支持(support)你。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Carbon pricing (碳定价) is a policy tool to lower emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases. Emissions are produced when fossil fuels 1.____________(burn).These emissions are the main cause of climate change，2.____________(result) in flooding, sea-level rise, drought, heatwaves, and other costs to society.
The goal of carbon pricing 3.____________(be) to shift the responsibility for these costs to those who produce the emissions. 4.____________ producers and consumers have to pay for each ton of CO2 they emit, they have an economic incentive (动机) 5.____________(shift) away from fossil fuels, improve their energy efficiency, and invest in low-carbon technology.
In theory, a carbon price should be equal to the social cost of carbon. For example, if one ton of CO2 emissions costs the public $100，6.____________ should cost $100 to emit that ton of CO2.However, that price is very hard to determine, so often carbon prices are instead set at levels 7.____________ policymakers think will help them meet certain emission or temperature targets.
Many economists and policymakers consider carbon pricing one of the best available 8.____________(tool) to fight against climate change. That's because carbon pricing can touch every part of the economy. Rather than regulating 9.____________(exact) where and how emissions should be reduced, carbon pricing gives markets the flexibility to find the 10.____________(cheap) possible ways to lower emissions.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为了控制碳排放，世界上很多国家开始实施“碳定价”。
1．are burned　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在从句中作谓语；结合上文are produced，且fossil fuels与burn之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；且主语fossil fuels为复数形式，应用are burned。
2．resulting　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用现在分词形式作结果状语。
3．is　解析：考查动词的时态。根据上下文可知，空处应用一般现在时。
4．When　解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，空处应用从属连词when引导时间状语从句。单词位于句首，首字母应大写。
5．to shift　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词incentive。
6．it　解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用it作形式主语，后面的动词不定式短语作真正主语。
7．that/which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 levels，指物，应用that或which。
8．tools　解析：考查名词复数。one of后面应用可数名词的复数形式。
9．exactly　解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词regulating，应用副词形式。
10．cheapest　解析：考查形容词最高级。根据语境可知，空处应用形容词最高级形式。Period 3　Writing
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写作一　应用文写作(保护野生动物的倡议书)
INCLUDEPICTURE "典题呈现LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "典题呈现LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
假定你是李华，你从报纸上的新闻报道获悉西双版纳地区的一头大象被猎杀取牙，对此你非常愤怒。请你就此事用英语写一封80词左右的倡议书， 呼吁人们保护野生动物。内容包括：
1．简述报道内容并发表看法；
2．保护野生动物的必要性；
3．提出建议(至少两条)。
参考词汇：象牙(tusk)
Dear fellow students，
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
INCLUDEPICTURE "step1LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "step1LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 　审题谋篇
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INCLUDEPICTURE "step2LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "step2LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 　遣词造句
INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头灰.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头灰.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
[第一段]　说明倡议背景：看到的一则新闻
1．10月份，西双版纳地区的一头野生亚洲象被残忍杀害，象牙被带走。
In October, a wild Asian elephant was__killed__without__mercy in Xishuangbanna, with__its__tusks__taken__away.
2．我对这种恶劣行为感到非常羞愧。
I feel__terribly__ashamed__of this bad behaviour.
[第二段]　发出倡议并说明原因
3．我们应该高度重视野生动物保护。
We should attach__great__importance__to wildlife protection.
4．野生动物的数量每年都在减少，一些濒危物种甚至已经灭绝。
The number of wildlife is__decreasing__every__year__and__some__endangered__species__have__even__died__out．
5．保护野生动物意味着保护我们自己。
Protecting wildlife means__protecting__ourselves．
6．这有助于保持自然生态平衡。
It helps keep__the__balance__of__nature．
[第三段]　发出呼吁
7．我们必须为可爱的野生动物做点什么。
We__must__do__something__for lovely wildlife.
8．任何猎杀野生动物的人都应该被严惩。
Anyone who__hunts__or__kills__wildlife should be punished severely.
9．与此同时，我们每个人都应该承担起保护野生动物的责任。
At the same time, every single one of us should__shoulder__the__responsibility to protect the wildlife.
INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头灰.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头灰.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
10．[读教材原句]　(人教必修三U2)Now the gold is yours, because you are the only person who has learnt the lesson I wanted to teach my people.
[记句式]　because引导原因状语从句
[学仿写]　用原因状语从句合并句3和句4
We__should__attach__great__importance__to__wildlife__protection,__because__the__number__of__wildlife__is__decreasing__every__year__and__some__endangered__species__have__even__died__out.
11．[读教材原句]　(译林必修二U3)I could see a group of around 20 Brazilian dancers and a band in fancy costumes standing in the street. Some of them carried flags, which blew in the wind.
[记句式]　which引导非限制性定语从句
[学仿写]　用which引导的非限制性定语从句合并句5和句6
Protecting__wildlife__means__protecting__ourselves,__which__helps__keep__the__balance__of__nature.
12．[读教材原句]　(教材P3)Of the 390，000 plant species known to us, more than 40，000 can be found in the Amazon.
[记句式]　被动结构
[学仿写]　用被动结构改写句7
Something__must__be__done__for__lovely__wildlife.
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Dear fellow students，
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One possible version：
Dear__fellow__students，
Recently, I have read a piece of sad news in the newspaper. In October, a wild Asian elephant was killed without mercy in Xishuangbanna, with its tusks taken away. I feel terribly ashamed of this bad behaviour.
In my opinion, we should attach great importance to wildlife protection, because the number of wildlife is decreasing every year and some endangered species have even died out. Protecting wildlife means protecting ourselves, which helps keep the balance of nature.
So something must be done for lovely wildlife. Anyone who hunts or kills wildlife should be punished severely. At the same time, every single one of us should shoulder the responsibility to protect the wildlife.
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阐述背景 1.Many species are targeted for their valuable parts, such as ivory, fur and organs, leading to a decline in their populations.　许多物种因其具有价值的身体部位(如长牙、皮毛和器官)而成为捕猎目标，这导致其种群数量下降。2.Rising temperatures, changing weather patterns and extreme weather events are impacting the habitats and food sources of many species.　气温上升、气候模式变化以及极端天气事件正在对许多物种的栖息地和食物来源造成影响。
说明现状及保护措施 1.It's because of human activities that tigers are endangered.正是因为人类的活动，老虎处于濒危的状态。2.Elephants would be in danger of dying out if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished.　如果允许人们随心所欲地射杀大象，大象就会有灭绝的危险。3.Believe it or not, at present only several thousand pandas exist in the world.信不信由你，目前世界上仅现存几千只熊猫。4.It's amazing that there are merely about 1，000 finless porpoises living in China.令人吃惊的是，目前中国仅有1 000只左右江豚。5.The government has taken effective measures to protect them.政府已采取有效的措施来保护它们。
发出呼吁 1.People should raise the awareness of the protection of wild animals.人们应该提高保护野生动物的意识。2.We should try our best to protect the environment and save animals in danger.我们应该尽全力保护环境，并拯救濒危动物。3.Everyone is responsible for protecting animals. Please maintain ecological balance.保护动物，人人有责。请维持生态平衡。
写作二　场景微续写(失明莉萨被温暖救赎)
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词汇积累 [情感描写]　dilemma, complain→complaint, passive, scared, in memory of, in tears, despair, tension[动作描写]　faint, carry sb. through sth., tend, replace, assist, trip over[人物描写]　moral, virtue, precious, appoint, elect, energetic, operation, whisper, pass away, flexible
佳句积累 [情感描写]　The king was in despair.[动作描写]　1.She was more interested in tending patients, publishing medical research on care for women and children, and training the next generation of doctors.2.Early one morning，the king disguised himself and went to a local village.He placed a large stone in the middle of the main street and hid gold coins under the stone.Then he hid behind a huge maple tree and watched.[人物描写]　As a five-year-old girl，Lin Qiaozhi was deeply affected by her mother's death.At age 18，instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls, she chose to work and study.[主旨升华]　Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.
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[场景呈现]　莉萨在一场车祸中晕倒了。经过一系列的手术后，她终于苏醒过来，但却永远失明，这让她陷入了愤怒、绝望且抱怨的世界中。她整天愁眉苦脸，以泪洗面，心如刀割。看到妻子泪流满面，丈夫马修非常伤心。他非常细心地照顾她，决心帮助她恢复力量和信心，走出如此被动的困境。他给她买了一只导盲犬，鼓励她学习盲文，并陪她参加社区活动。渐渐地，莉萨的紧张情绪被自信所取代。她轻声说：“马修，谢谢你。是你帮助我渡过了难关。”
Lisa was caught in a car accident and fainted. She finally came to life after a chain of operations but went blind forever，1.which__threw__her__into__a__world__of__anger，despair__and__complaint(which引导非限制性定语从句). All day long she frowned and was in tears, 2.feeling__as__if__a__knife__were__cutting__her__heart(现在分词作状语). 3.Seeing__his__wife__bathed__in__tears(感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语), her husband, Mathew, was heartbroken. He tended her with great care and 4.determined__to__assist__her__to__regain__strength__and__confidence and step out of such a passive dilemma. He bought her a guide dog, encouraged her to learn Braille and accompanied her to join in community activities. Gradually, Lisa's 5.tension__was__replaced__by__confidence. She whispered gently，“Mathew，thank you. 6.It__is__you__that/who__carry__me__through__the__tough__situation(强调句型).”
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短语必记 1.be bathed in tears 　　 　泪流满面2.fight/hold back tears 抑制眼泪3.be in floods of tears 泪如泉涌4.burst into tears/burst out crying　突然哭起来5.cry one's eyes/heart out 悲痛欲绝6.cry bitter/lonely tears 流下痛苦/孤独的泪水
必背金句 1.Jane turned to me with tears in her eyes, and begged me to help her.简眼里含着泪水转向我，恳求我帮帮她。2.Bill fought back his tears and tried to comfort Sarah's mother.比尔抑制住泪水，并试图安慰萨拉的母亲。3.Her hands were shaking and she was on the verge of tears, but Paul didn't realize that.她的手在颤抖，快要哭出来了，但保罗没有意识到这一切。4.Cecil came round later, crying his eyes out and asking me to forgive him.赛西尔后来来了，哭得很伤心，请求我原谅他。5.He stood silently, tears rolling down his cheeks, while the music played.音乐声响起时，他静静地站着，泪水顺着脸颊流淌下来。6.The girl was so sad that she kept weeping all the time.＝The girl was very sad, weeping all the time.女孩太伤心了，一直在哭。INCLUDEPICTURE "博览万象1lll.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "博览万象1lll.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
eq \o(\s\up7( INCLUDEPICTURE "传承文脉对话古今LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "传承文脉对话古今LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT ),\s\do5(　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　[学生用书P32]))
道德与美德
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【高频词汇】
1．sage n. 圣人
2．virtue n. 美德
3．humanity n. 人道
4．integrity n. 正直
5．loyalty n. 忠诚
6．propriety n. 礼节；规矩
7．filial piety 孝道
8．realm n. 界，领域
9．conduct n. 行为
10．principle n. 准则
11．noble adj. 高尚的
12．courageous adj. 勇敢的
13．righteous adj. 正义的
14．sympathy n. 同情(心)，理解
【话题佳句】
1．(译林选必四U1)Always give your best in whatever you set out to do, however difficult that might be.This way, you practise the virtue of determination.
无论你打算做什么事，无论多么困难，都要全力以赴。这样，你就能培养坚定的美德。
2．(外研选必四U1)Instead of looking back with regret, we should be facing our future with energy and optimism, for the choices are ours, and ours only.
不要沉溺于过去的遗憾，我们应该以充沛的精力和乐观的态度面对未来，因为选择权掌握在我们自己手中，而且未来只属于我们自己。
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The ancient Chinese thinker Confucius regarded benevolence (仁) as the foundation of morality 1.and as the basis of all the virtues. There is a story in The History of the Three Kingdoms which can help us to understand the concept of benevolence.
The story goes that Cao Cao led a large army south 2.to__attack(attack) Jingzhou. At that time the military commander of Jingzhou, Liu Biao, had recently died of illness and his second son, Liu Cong, 3.had__succeeded(succeed) to his position. At the urging of his followers 4.who wished to surrender the city, Liu Cong was preparing to surrender to Cao Cao. Liu Bei had reached the city of Xiangyang, where the master 5.strategist(strategy) Zhuge Liang advised him to attack his ally Liu Cong. Zhuge Liang said that Liu Cong had already surrendered, and was about to deliver Jingzhou to Cao Cao. So it was 6.better(good) that Jingzhou fell into their hands than into Cao Cao's. He said, “This is the very moment to attack Liu Cong.” But when Liu Bei remembered how Liu Cong's father had once protected him, he could not attack Liu Cong. He told Zhuge Liang, “No, I have not the heart to do it.”
This story gives us a glimpse of how Liu Bei used benevolence as his method 7.of government. Liu Bei can be said to be a gentleman with the virtue of benevolence. He stands in sharp contrast to Cao Cao. Liu Bei's image of benevolence and righteousness (正义) 8.won(win) more of the people's hearts for him. He gained the support of all the people and officials, which made him an outstanding figure in Chinese history.Benevolence is the first of the fine 9.traditional(tradition) virtues of the Chinese race. This spirit clearly demonstrates the kindheartedness and 10.friendliness(friendly) of the Chinese people. Everybody supports people with the virtue of benevolence and showing love for others.
eq \o(\s\up7( INCLUDEPICTURE "国际视野外刊撷英LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "国际视野外刊撷英LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT ),\s\do5(　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　[学生用书P33]))
What's Your Kindness Quotient
Adapted from Psychology Today
Kind acts vary in terms of the costs and benefits involved. Some are low-cost, low-benefit (strike up a conversation with someone on your commute). Some are low-cost, high-benefit (help someone cross the street). Some are high-cost, low-benefit (let a colleague take all the credit for a joint project). And some are high-cost, high-benefit (adopt a child).
Previous research suggests that when deciding whether to be kind, people intuitively consider not just the cost and the benefit of the act, but the ratio of cost to benefit. Most people are willing to perform low-cost, high-benefit acts but not high-cost, low-benefit acts.
But people differ. Kinder people are willing to pay a larger cost to provide a given benefit—in other words, they are willing to perform acts with higher cost-benefit ratios. Moreover, people use a different ratio for different recipients—for example, they are willing to pay a larger cost to help people they know (family and friends) over people they don't know (strangers).
This ratio can be precisely measured using money-sharing tasks. For example, a person willing to pay a cost of $5 (or less) to provide a benefit of $10 (or more) is making decisions consistent with a cost-benefit ratio of 0.5.This ratio put a precise figure on their kindness—a “kindness quotient”， or KQ and can be interpreted as how much a person cares about others relative to how much they care about themselves. A ratio of 0.5 means they care about others half as much as they care about themselves. A ratio close to zero suggests that they don't care about others at all while ratio above 1 means that they care about others more than they care about themselves.
Of course, a person's KQ is not fixed. It can change, for example, as a relationship improves. This new way of measuring kindness allows us not only to predict which kind acts people would perform but also which slightly kinder acts might be within their reach.
eq \a\vs4\al( INCLUDEPICTURE "Wordlll.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "Wordlll.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT )
1．quotient n．指数
2．in terms of 就……而言
3．strike up a conversation 开始一段对话
4．commute n．上下班路程
5．take all the credit 独占功劳
6．intuitively adv.凭直觉地；直观地
7．ratio n．比率；比例
8．given adj.特定的
9．recipient n．接受者
10．precisely adv.准确地；精确地
11．consistent with 符合；与……一致
12．figure (熟词生义) n．数字
13．interpret v．解释；说明
14．predict v．预料；预测
15．within one's reach 在某人力所能及的范围内
INCLUDEPICTURE "Articlelll.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "Articlelll.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E26TYYRJBXS-2.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "E26TYYRJBXS-2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "Summarylll.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "Summarylll.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 答案：1.costs　2.recipients　3.measured　4.relationships
INCLUDEPICTURE "Structurallll.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "Structurallll.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT Kind acts 1.vary in terms of the costs and benefits involved. Previous research indicates that people 2.consider the cost, the benefit and the cost-benefit ratio when deciding whether to be kind, and a “kindness quotient” (KQ) can measure this ratio, which is not 3.fixed and can predict kind acts.
1.Previous research suggests that when deciding whether to be kind, people intuitively consider not just the cost and the benefit of the act, but the ratio of cost to benefit.[分析]　句中that引导宾语从句；“when deciding whether to be kind”是时间状语从句的省略，完整形式为“when they are deciding whether to be kind”，其中还包含“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。[翻译]　先前的研究表明，在决定是否行善时，人们不仅会直观地考虑该行为的成本和收益，还会考虑成本与收益的比率。2.A ratio close to zero suggests that they don't care about others at all while ratio above 1 means that they care about others more than they care about themselves.[分析]　句中“A ratio close to zero”是句子的主语，其中“close to zero”作后置定语，修饰ratio；并列连词while表示对比；句中两个that均引导宾语从句。[翻译]　接近0的比率表明他们根本不关心他人，而大于1的比率则意味着他们关心他人胜过关心自己。3.This new way of measuring kindness allows us not only to predict which kind acts people would perform but also which slightly kinder acts might be within their reach. [分析]　句中This new way of measuring kindness是句子的主语，of measuring kindness作后置定语，修饰way；“which kind acts people would perform”和“which slightly kinder acts might be within their reach”为并列的宾语从句，均作predict的宾语。[翻译]　这种新的衡量善良程度的方法不仅能使我们预测人们会做出何种善举，还能让我们了解哪些稍微更善意的举动可能在他们的能力范围之内。
eq \o(\s\up7( INCLUDEPICTURE "品读经典名著选粹LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "品读经典名著选粹LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT ),\s\do5(　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　[学生用书P34]))
The Three Pirates
Excerpt from The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
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聪明顽皮的汤姆·索亚与好友们扮演成海盗，为摆脱枯燥无味的功课、虚伪的教义和呆板的生活环境而离家出走。他们在杰克逊岛上追逐、嬉戏打闹的情景，充分展现了他们对自由自在、无拘无束的生活的向往。
Tom now felt hopeless① again. He felt that no one cared about② him anymore. He didn't want to be a bad boy; it's just that people gave him no choice③. How can someone be good without love So Tom decided that it wasn't his fault④ that he was the way he was. It was everyone else's fault.
He left the village, imagining⑤ that he would never return. After walking quite a long way, he found his good friend, Joe Harper. Joe seemed to be feeling pretty⑥ terrible himself. When Tom told him that he was planning on travelling the world looking for new and exciting adventures⑦， Joe said that he had had the same idea.
He was angry because his mother had hit him for no reason. He didn't feel that she loved him or wanted him anymore, so he ran away.
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①hopeless adj.绝望的
②care about关心
③choice n．选择
④fault n．错误
⑤此处为v.-ing形式作状语。
⑥pretty [熟词生义] adv.相当
⑦adventure n．冒险；奇遇
The boys decided that since⑧ they had both lost their families, they would have to be a family now. Just the two of them: Tom and Joe, friends and brothers forever. So, now they had to plan what⑨ they would do next.
After a few moments, they agreed to become pirates⑩. Near the village, at the widest part of the Mississippi River (密西西比河), was a small island, about one mile wide. Tom and Joe decided to make this their new home. It was totally empty of people and there were lots of trees, so no one would be able to see them from the shore . It was the perfect secret hiding place for pirates.
While looking at the island ， they met Huckleberry Finn who agreed to join them. They planned to meet at 12 o'clock that night and take a small boat over to the island. Tom brought some meat, a compass ，and his knife with him. He waited for his friends up on a hill above the river. It was a very quiet night, so he started to whistle . Then he heard someone whistle the same song somewhere down the hill, saying: “Hey! Who's that？”
“I'm Tom Sawyer, the famous Black Pirate! And who am I talking to？”
“Huck Finn, the Red-Handed and Joe Harper, the Destroyer of the Seas.”
“Do you know the secret word？”
“Blood！”
“OK, wait for me, I'm coming down.” Tom said as he started walking down the hill. Once they were together, they looked at what everyone had brought. Joe had some meat with him and Huck had brought his tobacco .
Then to build a fire, they decided to steal some firewood from one of the riverboats, but just in case someone had stayed behind to guard the boat, they were very careful when they went aboard. Once they had the firewood, the pirates got on the little boat. At one point they could see the village they would leave forever. Tom was happy to be leaving it. A couple of hours later, they landed on the shore of the island. The first thing they did was hide their boat and find a place to keep their food safe from the animals. They decided not to build a shelter for themselves, as they liked the idea of sleeping outside, like real pirates. Later that evening, after dinner, they relaxed around a fire. Huck took out his tobacco and started rolling a cigarette. Huck lay back and began to smoke. After a couple of minutes of silence, he asked: “So, what exactly do pirates do？” Tom was the first to answer: “Well, Huck. They steal treasure from ships and kill the sailors, except for the women.”
Soon they all became tired, but the only person to really sleep was Huckleberry. The other two pirates were feeling a little guilty about having stolen the meat, the boat, and the firewood. They agreed never to take anything of anybody else's in the future.
⑧此处为since引导原因状语从句。
⑨此处为what引导宾语从句。
⑩pirate n．海盗
本句为介词短语置于句首的完全倒装句。
be empty of缺少
shore n．岸
此处为状语从句的省略。
此处为who引导定语从句。
compass n．指南针
whistle v．吹口哨
此处为as引导时间状语从句。
tobacco n．烟草
steal v．偷盗
in case以防万一
guard v．看守，保卫
go aboard上船
此处为省略关系词的定语从句。
此处为省略to的动词不定式作表语。因为前面出现了do的某种形式，所以hide前可以省略to。
shelter n．庇护所
此处为as引导原因状语从句。
roll a cigarette卷烟
exactly adv.确切地
treasure n．财宝
except for 除了……以外
guilty adj.内疚的单元过关检测(一)[学生用书P227(单独成册)]
(时间：120分钟，满分：150分)
第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．When does the bakery close
A．At 6：55.　　B．At 7：00.　　C．At 7：30.
2．What programs does the woman prefer
A．Talk shows.
B．Cooking programs.
C．Sports programs.
3．What does the woman ask the man to do
A．Have dinner.
B．Pick up a gift.
C．Look at a piece of jewelry.
4．How's the weather today
A．Rainy. B．Sunny. C．Windy.
5．What are the speakers talking about
A．What the man's hobby is.
B．Whether the man learned drawing.
C．When the man went to high school.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分， 满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Whom is the party for
A．Lisa. B．Jane. C．Ted.
7．What does the man advise the woman to do
A．Play some games.
B．Bring Jane along.
C．Watch a video.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What is the relationship between the speakers
A．Strangers.
B．Colleagues.
C．Friends.
9．Why does the woman call the man
A．To ask about an agency.
B．To ask for some advice.
C．To talk about a friend.
10．Where is the man now
A．In an office.
B．In an apartment.
C．In a bank.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．What are the speakers complaining about
A．Their dog.
B．Their party.
C．Their neighbor.
12．Where does Tom keep his dog
A．In the yard.
B．In his friend's house.
C．Inside his house.
13．What will the speakers do next
A．Call the police.
B．Do some cleaning.
C．Talk to Tom.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14．Where will the speakers go first
A．A museum.
B．A shop.
C．A restaurant.
15．What does the woman have no interest in
A．Tasting Indian food.
B．Seeing unique animals.
C．Taking a walk.
16．Why won't the speakers go shopping
A．The shopping mall is a little far.
B．They don't have enough money.
C．It will take them too much time.
17．How will the speakers go to the seashore
A．On foot.
B．By subway.
C．By car.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．Which color is often used in flags
A．Blue. B．Red. C．Green.
19．Why does the speaker mention the United Nations' flag
A．To show how important the United Nations is.
B．To show which color means peace.
C．To show how many colors are on it.
20．What is the speaker mainly talking about
A．A research on different colors.
B．The colors often used in national flags.
C.The difference between different national flags.
答案：1～5.CBAAA　6～10.CBABA
11～15.CACAB　16～20.BBBBA
听力材料
(Text 1)
M：I hope to get some bread from the bakery before it closes.
W：My watch says 6：55，so we have about thirty-five minutes to get there.①
(Text 2)
M：I'm crazy about sports and talk shows.If they are on, I could be in front of the TV for hours.What about you
W：I mostly watch the news and cooking programs.②
(Text 3)
W：Richard, come downstairs.Dinner is ready.③
M：Just a minute, dear! I'm looking at a piece of jewelry online.I want to make sure I get the right gift for your birthday.
(Text 4)
W：Look, the sky is almost dark!
M：Oh, the weather forecast is quite accurate. It said that it would rain heavily today.④
W：Yes, the weather in summer is so changeable.It was still a sunny day yesterday.
(Text 5)
W：Tell me, what do you enjoy doing in your spare time
M: I enjoy drawing.⑤
W：I didn't know you could draw.
M：I learned back in high school.
(Text 6)
M：Hey, Lisa, wait up! I've wanted to have a chance to talk to you.
W: Hi! What's up
M: This weekend I'm having a birthday party for Ted.⑥ I'd like you to come.
W：I'd love to.When is it
M：We're having it this Saturday at 8 o'clock at my house.We're going to order a pizza and play some games.Then whoever wants to stay longer can hang out and watch a video.
W：It sounds like a lot of fun.But now that I think about it, I promised I would do something with Jane Saturday night.
M：Well, why don't you bring her along？⑦ It would be fun.Ted would really like that. I'm sure.
W：Really That would be great.OK, I'll ask Jane to come along.What can I bring
M：Nothing.Just bring yourselves.
(Text 7)
M：Hello, Green here.
W: Oh, Mr Green, my name is Abby Brown.You don't know me, but I'm a friend of David Smith.⑧
M：Oh, yes.
W：David gave me your number. And I was wondering if you could give me some advice.⑨
M：I'll be pleased if I can.What can I do for you
W：Well, I'm looking for an apartment to live in.David thought as you are an agent, you might know something that is suitable.
M：Yes, I think I can help you.Why don't you come around and see me Do you know my office
W：Yes, I've got the address.And I'm at the bank now.
M：Oh, well, that's just five minutes' walk to my e around and see me now.⑩
W：Thank you very much, Mr Green.
M：Not at all.
(Text 8)
M：Did you hear Tom's dog last night It never stopped barking!
W：I know.It was so noisy！The neighbors shouldn't keep their dog out in the yard. Why doesn't he keep the dog inside his house
M：Yeah! Many of his friends come to visit him.They also have loud parties every Tuesday night.
W：Yeah.Then, they leave their trash everywhere.
M：We should talk to Tom.
W：Do you think it will help
M：I hope it will.If you don't want to talk to him, though, we could just call the police.
W：Let's try to talk to him first. We should give him a chance.
(Text 9)
W：Why don't we first visit the art museum in the morning
M：OK.I like that idea. And where do you want to eat lunch
W：How about going to an Indian restaurant
M：Hmm.
W：The guide recommends one downtown a few blocks from the museum.
M：That sounds great.After that, how about visiting the zoo It says here that there are some very unique animals not found anywhere else.
W：Well, to tell you the truth, I'm not really interested in going there.
M：Really
W：Yeah.Why don't we go shopping instead There are supposed to be some really nice places to pick up souvenirs.
M：Nah, I don't think that's a good idea. We only have few traveler's checks left, and I only have fifty dollars left in cash.
W：Oh well. Let's take the subway down to the seashore and walk along the beach.
M：Sounds like a wonderful plan.
(Text 10)
W：Different colors mean different things to different people. Red is an exciting color.It creates an idea of action, energy, and danger. Red is also the most frequently used color in flags—80% of the world's flags contain red. A study in Germany showed that football teams wearing red are more successful.Blue is a very calm color.Businessmen usually wear dark blue suits. Blue is also a peaceful color. The flag of the United Nations is light blue. Yellow means freedom and green is a very relaxing color.Some doctors wear green these days, because it is less tiring than white.Black can also be seen as a very dangerous color, and people are usually not into it.But white is a pure and strong color.This is one reason why most doctors wear white coats: we trust them more.People wearing gray do not want others to notice them.Brown is the opposite of black.It is a warm and friendly color.
第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Architectural Wonders Inspired by Nature
Beijing National Stadium, Beijing
Designed by Swiss architecture firm Herzog & de Meuron for the 2008 Olympic Games, the locals nicknamed this stadium the “Bird's Nest” before it was even completed.The spaces between the steel trusses are filled with a translucent membrane, just as birds stuff the empty spaces in their nests with materials.The stadium accommodates concerts and other special events, and once again hosted the Winter Olympics in 2022.
Atomium, Brussels
Originally constructed for the 1958 World's Fair, or Expo 58, this weird building features nine interconnected spheres (球体) measuring 335-feet high.Engineer André Waterkeyn and architects André and Jean Polak modeled it after an iron crystal enlarged 165 billion times to represent faith in scientific progress.Today the interior is home to a museum and several temporary exhibits.
The Cube Houses, Rotterdam
Despite all the hard angles and straight lines, architect Piet Blom actually took inspiration from a forest of trees when designing these Dutch houses back in 1977.Each bright yellow cube is uniquely tilted on its side by 45 degrees and fixed to a hexagon-shaped pylon (六边形塔架)，representing a tree.The entrance to each three-level house lies inside the concrete “trunk” that contains a staircase.
Helix Bridge, Singapore
An international team gathered in Singapore and designed this footbridge stretching over Marina Bay, linking the famous hotel and shopping center with the ArtScience Museum and Gardens by the Bay.The inspiration comes from the structure of a DNA molecule.Opened in 2010, the 919-foot-long curved structure has five viewing platforms, giving people wonderful views of the skyline from across the waterfront.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界上四个建造灵感源自大自然的标志性建筑。
21．What was the original purpose of building Atomium
A．To hold sports events.
B．To serve as a museum.
C．To host a World's Fair.
D．To prove scientific progress.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据Atomium, Brussels部分中的“Originally constructed for the 1958 World's Fair, or Expo 58”可知，布鲁塞尔的原子球塔最初是为1958年世博会所建。
22．What is special about the Cube Houses
A．They have very soft lines.
B．Each cube is tilted by 45 degrees.
C．They contain a staircase in each house.
D．They're designed by a famous architect.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据The Cube Houses, Rotterdam部分中的“Each bright yellow cube is...to a hexagon-shaped pylon”可知，荷兰的立体方块屋的独特之处在于每个亮黄色立方体都倾斜了45度。
23．What can people do on Helix Bridge
A．Admire the splendid skyline.
B．Practise diving into Marina Bay.
C．Do some shopping on the bridge.
D．Learn the structures of molecules.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据Helix Bridge, Singapore部分中的“Opened in 2010...the skyline from across the waterfront.”可知，新加坡这座919英尺长的弧形双螺旋桥有五个观景台，行人可以从滨水区眺望壮观的天际线。
B
For years, twice a day Aadya Joshi walked past a dump filled with smelly rubbish in her neighborhood of south Mumbai on her way to and from school. Originally it was the garden of the local police station. When she was 15, during her summer holidays, Joshi decided to do something about it. “I walked into the police station and was like, ‘Can I please clean your garden？’” recalls Joshi. “It took three or four weeks to eventually convince them that I was not going to give up halfway and leave them with more work. ”
The plot of land covers an area of 60 square meters, about a quarter of a tennis court. But, over the course of four Sundays in the summer, with help of local residents, Joshi did more than clear it. She replanted it with native Indian plants and trees. Joshi said, “The first day that we cleaned up I made the mistake of not wearing gloves and I was sick for two weeks.”
The idea for native planting came from Joshi's reading on the Miyawaki method of afforestation (植树造林) and the work of University of Delaware ecologist Douglas Tallamy. These both argue that planting the right trees can have a significant impact on restoring insect and animal biodiversity. The results in Mumbai were immediate: monkeys now hang out at the police station, and butterflies and birds have made the garden their home.
After creating the garden, Joshi developed a database of 2，000 plants unique to the Indian subcontinent (次大陆) and last year was awarded the annual Children's Climate Prize. She gave advice to others looking to follow in her footsteps: “If you bite off more than you can chew in the beginning, you will be stuck and lose motivation，” she says. “But something small, like your neighborhood police station, it's very manageable.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了阿迪亚·乔希为改善环境，将垃圾场改造为花园所作的努力。
24．What was the dump before
A．It was the garden of south Mumbai.
B．It was the garden of the local school.
C．It was the garden of the local police station.
D.It was the research center of University of Delaware.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Originally it was the garden of the local police station.”可知，垃圾场之前是当地警察局的花园。
25．What can we learn from Joshi's words in paragraph 2
A．The garden was too large to clean.
B．The cleaning was hard and dangerous.
C．Joshi was sick of the cleaning work.
D．The work was enjoyable and rewarding.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The first day that we cleaned up I made the mistake of not wearing gloves and I was sick for two weeks.”可知，清洁工作是困难且有一定危险的。
26．What can we learn from Joshi's advice in the last paragraph
A．All roads lead to Rome.
B．Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well.
C．Time and tide wait for no man.
D．The longest journey starts from the first step.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If you bite off...it's very manageable.”可知，乔希认为改善环境要从小事做起。
27．What is the purpose of the passage
A．To demonstrate the environment problems.
B．To call on attention to India's young people.
C．To persuade readers to donate to an environment program.
D．To advocate a teenager's efforts in caring about the world.
D　解析：写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了乔希为改善环境所作的努力，由此可推知，本文的目的是宣传一位青少年在关心世界方面所付出的努力。
C
Have you ever joyously stepped out to your backyard garden, only to find your cared-for plants and herbs dying Was the soil too dry Did pests find their way in During times like these, some disappointed gardeners may wish their plant would just tell them what it needs. A new project in the UK is trying to see if that concept can be demonstrated in real worlds.
Next year, the Royal Horticultural Society in England will show off an “intelligent garden” that uses an AI model to monitor the garden's environment and inform gardeners when it needs care. Visitors will be able to walk up to virtual platforms and ask the intelligent garden questions about its current environmental state. The AI language module will then interpret the data and respond with phrases like “I need a bit more water，” or “I need a trim (修剪)” depending on data collected in the soil.
When it is completed, the garden will rely on a network of sensors throughout the garden measuring environmental factors like soil moisture (湿度) as well as wind and rainfall. All of that data is then sent to a specially designed AI model, which can then process those factors and inform gardeners on better feeding, watering, or trimming suggestions.
In theory, insights provided by models like this one could help gardeners use resources effectively and avoid over-watering plants before rainfall, both of which can aid in sustainability efforts. It's unclear, however, whether even the best models can account for individual plant tendencies like experienced gardeners.
The garden's two designers, Massey and Je Ahn, wanted to avoid falling into the trouble of making the AI-powered garden feel overly artificial. Though sensors and algorithms (算法) play a significant role in maintaining the plants, the actual physical design of the space depended on humans. “AI hasn't designed the garden. It is assisting the gardeners looking after the garden，” Massey explained.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国皇家园艺学会利用AI技术创建了一处智能花园，通过传感器网络监测环境并提供养护建议，以了解植物需求。
28．For what purpose is the AI-powered garden created
A．To water and trim the plants.
B．To replace gardeners with technology.
C.To allow visitors to design their own gardens.
D．To monitor the situation and provide suggestions.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Next year, the Royal Horticultural Society...when it needs care.”可知，AI驱动的花园是为了监测花园情况并提供建议。
29．What role do the sensors play
A．Designing the garden.
B．Controlling the AI system.
C．Collecting environmental data.
D．Monitoring the health of plants.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When it is completed...as well as wind and rainfall.”可知，传感器的作用是收集环境数据。
30．What can we know about the AI-powered garden according to the designers
A．It is not as intelligent as human.
B．It still needs gardeners.
C．It struggles to maintain complex data.
D．It can not handle single plant accurately.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，设计者认为由AI驱动的花园仍然需要园丁。
31．What's the best title of the passage
A．AI Benefits Human's Life
B．The Future AI-powered Garden
C．AI-powered Garden Makes Plant Talk
D．AI Garden Exhibition in the UK
C　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了利用AI技术创建智能花园了解植物的需求，C项最适合作文章标题。
D
Does the silencing of our soundscapes (声音美景) matter to us The short answer is yes. There is growing evidence about the health benefits of spending time in nature, including reducing risks of heart disease, diabetes and anxiety. Yet while the general benefits of being outside in nature may seem natural, the contributions of natural sounds to this are less understood.
So as part of our research, we explored the experience of 186 wine-tour participants across three vineyards (葡萄园) with varying soundscapes. We also increased some vineyard soundscapes with hidden speakers, which played the songs of five additional bird species. This was designed to see how participants' engagement with nature would be affected by increasing the diversity of birds and songs, as well as the overall volume (音量).
The results were fascinating. Paul Harrison, the manager at Saffron Grange, summarized: “What was surprising was the significant impact that birdsong has on people.” Visitors who experienced louder and more complex sounds reported that they had enjoyed the sounds more. They also felt more connected to nature and more satisfied with their tour. With richer soundscapes, they felt more mindful and positive during the tours, reporting that they felt freer from work, routine and responsibility.
We enjoy nature's benefits subconsciously, which means, as Harrison pointed out, that it's easy to take them for granted: “We all benefit from the soundscape of the vineyard daily and maybe when it is so frequent we don't fully realize how that positively impacts well-being compared to other work settings.”
Our study is a clear demonstration of the direct effect that birdsong has on our well-being. It shows that bird conservation could increase our experience of spending time in nature and bring positive emotions. The world we experience today is unlike what our grandparents experienced. We are increasingly disconnected from nature, and nature's benefits on our well-being are lessening as a result.
Our study presents a strong argument for protecting natural soundscapes. We showed that even an hour's exposure to diverse and loud birdsong can lead to feelings of optimism and relaxation. So, we hope businesses and people will be inspired to invest in conservation and promote nature engagement in creative settings.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了鸟鸣声对人类健康和福祉的重要性，呼吁大家要给予它更多关注的同时也要保护鸟类。
32．What's the result of the research
A.The louder sounds the participants heard, the more stressed they felt.
B．The richer sounds the participants heard, the less pleasant the tour was.
C.The louder sounds the participants heard, the more enjoyable the tour was.
D．The more complex sounds the participants heard, the less connected they felt with nature.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Visitors who experienced...with their tour.”可知，参与者听到的声音越响亮复杂，他们的旅行就越愉快。
33．Why did the author list many benefits of natural soundscapes
A．To silence natural soundscapes.
B．To display natural soundscapes.
C．To overlook natural soundscapes.
D．To highlight natural soundscapes.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We enjoy nature's benefits...take them for granted”可知，作者列举这些好处是为了突出自然声音景观的重要性，让我们更加珍视和保护它们。
34．What does the author hope the study will achieve
A.More awareness of vineyard tourism among the public.
B.Standardization of soundscape measurement techniques.
C．An increase in the number of bird species in urban areas.
D．Greater investment in bird conservation and natural soundscapes.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“So, we hope businesses...in creative settings.”可知，作者希望这项研究能够激励企业和个人投资于鸟类保护和自然声音景观的保护，并在创意环境中促进人们与自然的互动。
35．What's the passage mainly about
A．Why we should protect wildlife.
B．How we can benefit from society.
C.Why birdsong matters more than we think.
D．How we promote nature engagement in creative settings.
C　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了自然声音，尤其是鸟鸣声对我们健康和福祉的重要性。C项最能概括文章的主旨大意。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Human beings learn technology from nature. They tend to imitate it. 36.________ It did take us a while to learn, though. However, not until the mid-twentieth century was the word “biomimicry (仿生学)” first introduced.
One of the first examples would be the invention of Velcro (魔术贴), a material that was born after a walk in the countryside by an engineer and his dog. On returning home, he found his socks were filled with little burrs (刺果).37.________ They were covered by many tiny hooks (钩).He used those qualities for some kind of fabric.And then Velcro was born.
38．________ A high-speed train used to create great noise while exiting a tunnel because of the air pressure.Eiji Nakatsu, an engineer and bird-lover, was inspired by the kingfisher's beak, able to dive into the water at great speed with almost no friction, to create a new design.That's how the modern bullet train, much more efficient and quieter, was born.
Secondly, there would be the imitation of Nature's strategies and mechanisms.For instance, dolphins have mastered the art of sending out ultrasound (超声波) without disturbing each other.A team of researchers have analyzed the way dolphins adjust these frequencies.39.________
Finally, there's the imitation of the efficiency within an ecosystem. 40.________ For example, the street is full of tiny holes to empty water in flooding seasons and the foundations of buildings grasp the hillsides like the roots of trees.
A．One is the imitation of shapes.
B．People imitate forests to build cities.
C．For instance, birds taught people to fly.
D．He decided to get rid of these little burrs.
E．Then he bent down to inspect them closely.
F．Urban areas consume more energy than rural areas.
G．Based on the analysis, they designed a tsunami alarm system.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类是如何通过模仿大自然进行发明创造的。
36．C　解析：根据空处上文内容可知，人类向大自然学习技术，倾向于模仿。C项是人类向大自然学习技术的例子，承接上文，符合语境。
37．E　解析：根据段首句可知，本段介绍的是魔术贴的发明过程。根据空处上句可知，小刺果粘到了他的袜子上。E项承接上文，符合语境，且选项中的them指代上文中的little burrs。
38．A　解析：根据空处下文内容可知，本段介绍了工程师和鸟类爱好者中津英治模仿翠鸟的鸟嘴的形状，发明了现代的子弹头列车，效率更高，噪音更低。A项符合段落主旨。
39．G　解析：根据空处上文内容可知，本段介绍了人类模仿自然的策略和机制进行的发明，并举出海豚在互不干扰的情况下发出超声波的例子。G项承接上文，符合语境，且选项中的analysis和上文中的analyzed相呼应。
40．B　解析：根据空处下文内容可知，“用来排水的小孔”和“像树根一样的地基”都是对森林生态系统的模仿。B项引出下文，符合语境。
第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
It was late October in 1997. Mike Coots was surfing with his friends near his home in Hawaii when he was __41__ by a shark. As Mike struggled to swim back, he __42__ his lower right leg was gone. __43__， his friends rushed to his aid and drove him to hospital.
For the next few weeks, Mike spent time with his family and __44__ the future. As soon as Mike was given the OK by his doctors, he did what many of us might consider __45__： he started riding the waves again. In fact, his first time back was near the __46__ of the attack. But Mike was unshaken. Instead, he was curious and tried to __47__ why he was attacked.
His __48__ led him to research sharks, and he did learn something that would __49__ his life: Humans are far more __50__ to sharks than the other way around. About 70 million sharks a year are killed for their fins on tables alone. His unique situation as a shark __51__ empowered him to give sharks a voice. He __52__ with other like-minded shark attack survivors and biologists, to create a nationwide __53__ protecting sharks.
After the attack, Mike also __54__ how much he loved photography, and it has become his __55__. He enjoys using his photos to show sharks are important part of biodiversity.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了迈克冲浪时被鲨鱼咬掉右小腿，康复后他开始研究鲨鱼，在意识到人类对鲨鱼威胁更大后，与他人合作发起保护鲨鱼运动的故事。
41．A.searched　　　 B．attacked
C．guided D．threatened
B　解析：根据下文“Instead, he was curious...why he was attacked.”可知，迈克被鲨鱼袭击(attack)了。
42．A.guessed B．imagined
C．predicted D．realized
D　解析：根据上文“As Mike struggled to swim back”和下文“his lower right leg was gone”可推知，在迈克挣扎着游回来的过程中，他意识到(realize)自己的右小腿不见了。
43．A.Fortunately B．Obviously
C．Undoubtedly D．Surprisingly
A　解析：根据下文“his friends rushed to his aid and drove him to hospital”可知，幸运的是(fortunately)，迈克的朋友及时提供了救助。
44．A.compared B．identified
C．considered D．suspected
C　解析：根据下文“As soon as Mike was given the OK...riding the waves again.”可知，之后迈克在医生的批准下，又开始冲浪了，由此可知，他在这几个星期里考虑(consider)了自己的未来。
45．A.unthinkable B．uncomfortable
C．unfair D．unhappy
A　解析：根据上文“his lower right leg was gone”和下文“he started riding the waves again”可知，虽然失去了右小腿，但迈克又开始冲浪了，这可能是我们许多人无法想象的(unthinkable)事。
46．A.condition B．environment
C．background D．spot
D　解析：根据上文“his first time back”可推知，迈克第一次回归冲浪是在被鲨鱼袭击的地点(spot)附近。
47．A.carry out B．figure out
C．point out D．call out
B　解析：根据上文“he was curious”可知，迈克很好奇，试图弄清楚(figure out)他为什么被鲨鱼袭击。
48．A.anxiety B．independence
C．curiosity D．confidence
C　解析：根据上文“he was curious”可知，迈克研究鲨鱼是受到好奇心(curiosity)的推动。
49．A.change B．continue
C．challenge D．lose
A　解析：根据下文“His unique situation...protecting sharks.”可知，迈克为鲨鱼发声，保护鲨鱼，由此可知，他了解到的东西改变(change)了他的生活。
50．A.puzzling B．important
C．terrible D．dangerous
D　解析：根据下文“About 70 million sharks a year are killed for their fins on tables alone.”可知，仅为了餐桌上的鱼翅，每年就有大约7 000万条鲨鱼被捕杀，因此人类对鲨鱼而言更危险(dangerous)。
51．A.fighter B．survivor
C．hunter D．consumer
B　解析：根据下文“other like-minded shark attack survivors”可知，迈克是一名鲨鱼袭击幸存者(survivor)。
52．A.discussed B．exchanged
C．partnered D．debated
C　解析：根据下文“with other like-minded...protecting sharks”可推知，迈克与其他志同道合的鲨鱼袭击幸存者和生物学家合作(partner)，发起了一项全国性的保护鲨鱼运动(motion)。
53．A.motion B．connection
C．situation D．argument
A　解析：参见上题解析。
54．A.appreciated B．doubted
C．decided D．discovered
D　解析：根据下文“He enjoys using his photos to show sharks are important part of biodiversity.”可知，迈克发现(discover)自己很热爱摄影，并把摄影作为职业(profession)，用自己的照片展示鲨鱼对生物多样性的重要意义。
55．A.reaction B．profession
C．observation D．version
B　解析：参见上题解析。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Today, many people are worried about endangered species. But isn't it just normal for some animals to die out
In the past, animals died out over a long period of time.When animals died out in the past, it was usually because of the weather or other natural 56.____________(cause).
What is happening today is 57.__________(total) different.We are killing millions of species in a short time. The result is that we are killing our future, because so many species 58.____________(kill) over the past few decades that even 59.____________ fittest can't survive. In fact, there won't be enough species to choose from. 60.____________ enough animals and plants, evolution cannot function. Nature will get 61.____________(bad) instead of better.
Many of the species 62.____________(disappear) on earth are unknown and few people even know that they are dying out. These animals started to live on earth long before us, 63.____________ we have no right to kill. We may also need these species in the future. We must try to keep the endangered species alive. If we allow these species 64.____________(die) out, we are in fact becoming endangered 65.____________(we).
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。由于人类的捕杀，大量物种灭绝，如果人类继续捕杀，自然将会继续恶化，这为人类保护濒危物种敲响了警钟。
56．causes　解析：考查名词复数。根据句意及空前的other可知，cause在此处意为“原因”，为可数名词，空处应用名词复数形式。
57．totally　解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰形容词different，应用副词形式。
58．have been killed　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在because引导的原因状语从句中作谓语，结合时间状语over the past few decades可知，应用现在完成时；从句的主语so many species和动词kill之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态；且主语为复数形式，助动词用have。
59．the　解析：考查冠词。根据空后的形容词最高级形式fittest可知，空处应用定冠词the。
60．Without　解析：考查介词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处应用介词without，表示“没有”。单词位于句首，首字母应大写。
61．worse　解析：考查形容词比较级。根据句意及句中的better可知，此处应用形容词比较级worse，意为“更糟”。
62．disappearing　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词，且名词species和动词disappear之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，空处应用现在分词形式作定语，修饰名词species。
63．which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词animals，且从句中缺少kill的宾语，应用which引导。
64．to die　解析：考查非谓语动词。allow sb./sth.to do sth.为固定用法，意为“允许某人/某物做某事”。
65．ourselves　解析：考查代词。根据句意及该句主语we可知，本句主语和宾语一致，空处应用反身代词ourselves。
第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
为了唤起青少年一代的环保意识，世界卫生组织向全球发起了“如何保护环境”的建议征集活动，请你以学校学生会主席的名义写一份倡议书。内容包括：
1．保护环境是我们中学生的职责；
2．保护环境的具体措施；
3．发出倡议。
注意：写作词数应为80个左右。
Dear friends，
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Thank you!
Students' Union
One possible version：
Dear__friends，
Do you want to live in a beautiful world So it is our duty to protect the environment. To reach this goal, we should keep the following in mind.
First, walking to school is a good way to reduce pollution. Second, we should plant trees every spring to protect the soil from being washed away. Finally, it's also important to recycle everything useful. We should keep our school clean by picking up any litter. In a word, only when we form the good habit of environmental protection can we make the earth more beautiful tomorrow.
Let's take action to protect our mother—the earth now.
Thank__you!
Students'__Union
第二节(满分25 分)
阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was summer, and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before. He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West. We took a plane to Albuquerque, a big city in the state of New Mexico. We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon. Uncle Paul, my dad's friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos.
His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle. My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby. Very early in the morning, Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast. “The day starts at dawn on my farm，” he said. After breakfast, I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens, while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze (吃草). I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses. They looked really cool.
In the afternoon, I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, as long as my dad went with me. I wasn't going to take a horse ride by myself anyway. So, my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats, got on our horses, and headed slowly towards the mountains. “Don't be late for supper，” Uncle Paul cried, “and keep to the track so that you don't get lost！” “OK！” my dad cried back. After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sight. It was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. It looked like a beautiful woven blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. Dad and I found it was so cute that we decided to run after it. After a while, we were completely lost in the forest. There was nothing left in our sight but the trees. “We may not be able to make it back to the farm house in time for supper.” I thought to myself. After a series of useless attempts to find a way out, we felt hungry and tired.
We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark. We got stuck in the forest. And an unexpected shower added to the difficulty of us in finding a way home, for all the tracks we had made disappeared because of the rain. I was almost breaking down when my father said, “Don't worry, my son. I remember there is a river near the farm house. Find the river and we will be back home.” Finally, we found the river and got back to the house along it. Needless to say, we ate a late dinner.Period 2　Grammar and usage
省　略
INCLUDEPICTURE "YLBXS美文诵读1LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "YLBXS美文诵读1LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
eq \o(\s\up7( INCLUDEPICTURE "要义详析探究语法LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "要义详析探究语法LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT ),\s\do5(　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　[学生用书P13]))
一、词法上的省略
(一)动词不定式的省略
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(1)(教材P6)You can watch it online if you want to (watch it online).
如果你想看的话可以在网上看。
(2)—Are you a teacher in this school
——你是这所学校的一名老师吗？
—No, but I wish to be (a teacher in this school).
——不，但我想成为(这所学校的一名老师)。
(3)—You didn't attend Tom's birthday party yesterday, did you
——你昨天没有参加汤姆的生日聚会，是吗？
—No, but I'd like to have (attended it).
——是的，我没参加，但我很想(参加)。
(4)The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to (ride his bicycle in the street).
这个男孩想在街上骑自行车，但是他的妈妈告诉他不要(在街上骑自行车)。
(5)They made the boy (to) go to bed early.
他们让男孩早点上床睡觉。
(6)We don't do much in the evenings except (to) watch television.
除了看电视，我们晚上不做太多的事。
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1．有些动词(短语)，如 want、wish、expect、hope、would like、try、forget等后面的动词不定式作宾语时，为了避免重复，动词不定式符号to后面的内容常常被省略。如果不定式中含有be或完成式，通常保留be或have。
2．某些动词后接不定式作宾语补足语时，可以省去与前面相同的动词，只留下不定式符号to，常见的这类动词有tell、ask、advise、force、persuade、wish、allow、permit、forbid、order、warn 等。
3．感官动词(短语)see、look at、hear、listen to、watch 等和使役动词make、let、have等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式要省略to，但在此类动词(短语)的被动语态中，to要还原。
4．作介词 but、except、besides的宾语，且前面又有实义动词 do的任何形式时，后面的动词不定式常省略to。
5．某些形容词如pleased、glad、happy等后面的动词不定式常省略 to 后面的内容，但to要保留。
(二)介词的省略
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(1)Trees can prevent the earth (from) being washed away.
树木能防止泥土被冲走。
(2)I have some difficulty (in) answering the question.
我回答这个问题有些困难。
(3)They spent two months (in) finishing the project.
他们花了两个月的时间完成这个项目。
(4)The snowy weather lasted (for) two weeks.
大雪天气持续了两个星期。
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1．一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，但要保留介词后面的动词-ing形式。常见的结构有have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.、be busy (in) doing sth.等。
2.表示一段时间或方式的短语中的for、in、by、at 等常常省略；但是for在否定句中或引导的介词短语位于句首强调持续时间时，一般不可省略。
二、句法上的省略
(一)简单句的省略
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(1)(教材P6)—Did you watch the documentary about environmental protection on TV yesterday
——你昨天看电视上关于环保的纪录片了吗？
—No, I didn't (watch the documentary about environmental protection on TV yesterday).
——没有，我(昨天)没有(看电视上关于环保的纪录片)。
(2)What a hot day (it is) today!
今天天气真热啊！
(3)—(Will you) Have a rest
——你休息一下吗？
—No, thanks.
——不，谢谢。
(4)(Is there) Anything else to say
还有什么要说的吗？
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1．感叹句中常省略主语和谓语。
2．在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。
3．在对话中，针对问题进行回答时，答语常常省略与问句中相同的部分。
(二)并列句的省略
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(1)(教材P6)Some call for the application of modern technology, and others (call for) a change of lifestyle.
一些人呼吁应用现代技术，另一些人则呼吁改变生活方式。
(2)(外研必修三U6)It's lovely at the beach, but not (it is) so when you're wearing a suit and in a crowd of passengers!
这个温度在海滩上是很舒适的，可是当你穿着西装，跟一群乘客挤在一起时就并非如此了！
(3)Jack will sing at the party, but I know John won't (sing at the party).
杰克将在晚会上唱歌，但我知道约翰不唱。
(4)His suggestions made John happy, but (his suggestions made) Mary angry.
他的建议使约翰高兴，但使玛丽生气。
(5)Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but (he) soon returned to his old ways.
老麦克唐纳戒烟了一段时间，但不久他又抽烟了。
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针对并列句的第二分句：
1．如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的部分。
2．如果主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则两者都可以省略。
3．如果主语相同，而谓语动词不同，则可省略主语。
(三)复合句的省略
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(1)(人教必修三U5)He gives the clerk the bank note. The clerk drops Henry's coat. Then he folds the bill and slowly unfolds it again, as if (he is) looking at something he can't believe is there.
他把钞票给了店员。店员把亨利的外套扔到了地上。接着，他把钞票对折起来，然后又慢慢摊开，好像在看一个他不相信存在的东西。
(2)The park has plenty of restaurants with tasty food for every appetite—you can even eat while (you are) watching the fish swim by.
公园里有很多餐厅，有适合每个人口味的美食——你甚至可以边吃边看鱼游过。
(3)(人教必修一U3)I made a list of the things (which/that) I liked about myself.
我把对自己满意的地方罗列出来。
(4)She said (that) she had finished her homework so she wanted to go out and play.
她说她已经完成了她的作业，所以她想出去玩。
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1．当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it，并且又含有be动词时，常可省略从句中的主语和be动词。
2．在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that、which、who、whom常可以省略。
3．引导宾语从句的连词that常常可省略；及物动词后接两个宾语从句时，第一个宾语从句中的that可以省略，第二个宾语从句中的that不可以省略。
eq \o(\s\up7( INCLUDEPICTURE "课堂微练即时检验LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "课堂微练即时检验LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT ),\s\do5(　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　[学生用书P15]))
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．While visiting(visit) the city, they received a warm welcome.
2．He was often noticed to__leave(leave) the office after work.
3．Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
4．He rushed out of the room as if to__meet(meet) some important person.
5．We should keep the earth healthy while using(use) its supply of natural resources.
6．When published(publish), the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year.
7．Once encouraged(encourage), he will have confidence to overcome the difficulties.
8．Children, when exposed(expose) to an English-speaking atmosphere, will pick up the language much more easily.
9．Knowing his trouble, I had nothing to do but inspire(inspire) him to continue his work.
10．It seemed that the bird was waiting for me, its beady eyes locked on mine as if trying(try) to convey some deep, unspoken gratitude.
11．—Are you a volunteer now
—No, but I used to__be(be). I worked for the City Sports Meeting last year.
12．—Who should be responsible for the accident
—The boss instead of the workers. They just carried out the order as told(tell).
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．If it is possible, this old temple will be rebuilt.
→If__possible,__this old temple will be rebuilt.
2．She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone.
→She stood at the gate as__if__waiting__for__someone．
3．Whether she is sick or well, she is always cheerful.
→Whether__sick__or__well,__she is always cheerful.
4．The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.
→The burn she__got__from__the__iron was red and very__painful．
5．John will go abroad to travel but his brother will not go abroad to travel.
→John will go abroad to travel but his__brother__will__not．
6．The security guard saw the thief enter the house.
→The thief was__seen__to__enter__the__house by the security guard.
7．Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students haven't done a first aid course.
→Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most__haven't．
8．The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as they are in Guangzhou.
→The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as__in__Guangzhou．
Ⅲ.写出下列句中能省略的部分
1．I believe that she will help you and that you will succeed.　第一个that
2．I'll give you all that I have as long as you are happy.　that
3．Whenever it is possible，he will come to my help.　it__is
4．Jack must have been playing football and Mary must have been doing her homework.　第二个must__have__beenINCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
[学生用书P153(单独成册)]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·梅州期末)National Geographic explorer Malaika Vaz knew from early on that she was destined for adventure. “I was someone who spent a lot of time outdoors，” Vaz says. Among her childhood experiences, she recalls expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic，climbing mountains，scuba diving，and windsurfing.
“In my late teens，” Vaz says，“I began to feel like adventure didn't really mean anything if there wasn't an intent to protect the natural spaces we were exploring in.” She began to seek an outlet that would both satisfy her desire for adventure and allow her to support the protection of the species and ecosystems.
Vaz had an interest in the medium of film，and decided to pursue a career in wildlife film-making. Today Vaz wears many hats in the film-making world，as a documentary director，producer, writer, and presenter.
After falling in love with mantas off the coast of her home，she discovered they were being hunted illegally and she dressed herself as a seafood trader to get as close as possible to the issue. She traced traffickers back to many parts of the world to figure out why mantas were being killed.She shares the challenges of going undercover to produce Peng Yu Sai，her Green Oscar-nominated film on the matter.
The subjects that grab her attention，Vaz admits, cover a wide range.And while she's been asked to define her focus, she prefers variety，and argues that issues she pinpoints are more interrelated than they may appear.
Her work doesn't stop at recording important stories，she's also on top of follow-through, ensuring the message is heard. Vaz and her team work with scientists and policy makers to amplify the message of the films they work on.
From Vaz's perspective, real improvement in the way the planet is cared for lies in the capable hands of many from various backgrounds. “The truth is that we don't need ten really passionate，committed environmentalists. We need one hundred or one million people who can do a little bit in that field and change things within their ability.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了《国家地理》探险家玛莱卡·瓦兹如何通过野生动物电影制作将冒险与自然保护结合起来。
1．What did Malaika Vaz decide to do in her late teens
A．Motivate children to get close to nature.
B.Make a film about her childhood experiences.
C.Develop a passion for an adventurous lifestyle.
D．Combine nature exploration with nature conservation.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容尤其是“She began to seek an outlet...of the species and ecosystems.”可知，玛莱卡·瓦兹在青少年晚期时决定将自然探索与自然保护相结合。
2．What does the film Peng Yu Sai mention
A．Vaz's home on the coast.
B．Vaz's experience of mountain climbing.
C．The history of Green Oscar.
D．The illegal hunting of mantas.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，电影Peng Yu Sai提到了蝠鲼的非法捕猎。
3．What really matters in protecting our planet according to Vaz
A．The backgrounds of policy makers.
B．The influence of films.
C．The guidance from environmentalists.
D．The combined efforts of people.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The truth is that we don't need...change things within their ability.”可知，瓦兹认为，保护地球真正重要的是人们的共同努力。
4．Which of the following best describes Vaz
A．Enthusiastic but careless.
B．Adventurous and insightful.
C．Knowledgeable but proud.
D．Humorous and patient.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“National Geographic explorer...was destined for adventure.”以及最后一段中的“From Vaz's perspective, real improvement in the way...from various backgrounds.”可推知，瓦兹有冒险精神和洞察力。
B
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(2025·中山高一检测)Some breathtaking blue lakes may not be so blue in the future, thanks to climate change.
In the first global record of lake color, researchers find that roughly one-third of Earth's lakes are blue.But, should average summer air temperatures rise by a few degrees, some of those clear waters could turn a cloudy green or brown, the team reports in the Geophysical Research Letters.
The changing colors could change how people use those waters and offer information about the balance of lake ecosystems.The lake color depends in part on what's in the water, but factors such as water depth and surrounding land use also pared with blue lakes, green or brown lakes have more algae (水藻) and organic matter, says one of the researchers.
The scientists then look at local climates during that time to see how they may be linked to lake colors around the world.Lakes in places with average summer air temperatures that were below 19 ℃ were more likely to be blue than lakes with warmer summers, the researchers find.If average summer temperatures increase another 3℃—an amount that scientists think is possible by the end of the century—those 3，800 lakes could turn green or brown.That's because warmer water helps algae produce more flowers, which changes the qualities of the water, giving it a green-brown color.
If some lakes do become less blue, people will probably lose some of the resources they have come to value, says O'Reilly, a scientist at Southern Methodist University in Dallas.But the color changes wouldn't necessarily mean that the lakes are any less healthy.“Humans don't value lots of algae in a lake, but if you're a certain type of fish species, you might be like this is great，” O'Reilly says.
The lake color can hint at the balance of a lake's ecosystem and it gives a baseline for assessing how climate change is affecting Earth's freshwater resources.Continued monitoring of lakes could help scientists discover future changes.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了湖泊的颜色可以暗示湖泊生态系统的平衡，它为评估气候变化如何影响地球淡水资源提供了基础，可以帮助科学家发现未来的变化。
5．Which factor connecting the lake color isn't mentioned
A．Water depth.
B．People's use of water.
C．Surrounding land use.
D．Contents in the water.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The lake color depends...also matter.”可知，水深、周围土地利用和水的成分与湖泊的颜色相联系。人们对水的利用没有提及。
6．Why could the lake color change if average summer temperatures rise by 3℃？
A．Because people will lose what they value.
B.Because the quantities of the water is changed.
C．Because algae grows more in warmer water.
D.Because 3，800 lakes could turn green or brown.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，如果夏季平均气温上升3°C，湖泊颜色会发生变化，因为藻类在温暖的水中生长得更多。
7．What is O'Reilly's attitude toward the color change of the lakes
A．Doubtful.
B．Positive.
C．Disapproving. D．Objective.
D　解析：观点态度题。根据最后两段内容可知，在奥莱利看来，湖泊颜色的变化未必就是一种灾难，要视情况而言，所以对于湖水颜色的变化，奥莱利的态度是客观的。
8．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Climate change could change the lake color.
B．The lake color shows the health conditions of lakes.
C．The change of the lake color affects the lake ecosystem.
D．The color change in lakes does harm to the environment.
A　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了气候变化可能会改变湖泊的颜色。
Ⅱ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，“世界海洋日”即将来临。请你代表校学生会用英语写一封倡议书，呼吁大家保护海洋动物。内容包括：
1．发出倡议的缘由；
2．如何保护海洋动物；
3．号召大家一起行动。
注意：写作词数应为80个左右。
参考词汇：世界海洋日(World Oceans Day)
Dear fellows，
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Students' Union
One possible version：
Dear__fellows，
With the approaching of World Oceans Day, we would like to call on everyone to protect marine animals.
Each year, millions of marine animals die from hunting and ocean pollution. Therefore, effective measures should be adopted before things get worse. Firstly, it is necessary to avoid purchasing products made from any endangered marine animals. Besides, please don't throw rubbish into the oceans which will pollute marine animals' living conditions.
It is time that we joined our hands to preserve marine animals and create a harmonious home for them.
Students'__Union
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“I feel so alone, cold and tired，” I announced to the empty train platform. I glanced at my watch. It was midnight. Why had I decided to travel from Prague to Interlaken without staying somewhere along the way for a day or two The chill (寒意) in my bones made me question the wisdom of making the eighteen-hour trip via three separate trains.
I just finished a solo backpacking trip across Europe during my three-week vacation. I wanted to get in as much sightseeing as possible since it was my first time in Europe. By the end of my journey, I was tired of taking the souvenirs (纪念品) I had purchased and sleeping in large but dull hotel rooms.
“What I wouldn't give for a hot bath, clean clothes, and a soft bed right now. Or even just someone to talk to.” It felt a little weird speaking to the station, but doing so was preventing me from falling asleep, which was important for safety reasons.
Since I still had a couple of hours before my train arrived, I tried to think of something to fill the time. I was too exhausted to read a journal.
Looking around, I found most of the train cars were modern, but one series of cars caught my eye. It was the legendary Orient Express. The dining car served tasty meals and had white tablecloths with cloth napkins (餐巾).The sleepers were likely comfortable with private bathrooms that had scented soaps and shampoo.
A sigh escaped my lips. I was daydreaming about being on the Orient Express when suddenly I was interrupted. I tensed and looked over my shoulder, wondering who else would be on the platform.
There stepping down from the Orient Express was a man wearing a blue uniform. He held a single, blood red rose. I puzzled as to what a train conductor would do with a flower at that time of night.
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
Yet he walked towards me and handed me the flower.____________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Words failed me when I reached out and accepted the flower.____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Yet he walked towards me and handed me the flower. Surprised and confused, I was pretty sure that I had never seen this man before. So I explained to him that he must have mistaken me for someone else. But the man was still holding the flower. “I happened to look out the window and saw you sitting here all alone，” he said. “You look so lonely and cold, so I think you need something to lift your spirits.” Looking up at him, I saw a gentle smile on his lips. A current of warmth swept through my cold body.
Words failed me when I reached out and accepted the flower. Holding it carefully with my hands, I was unable to find proper words to show how grateful I was at that moment. The man nodded understandingly before he turned around and headed back towards the train. My mind was so caught up in the kindness that my wait at the station passed unknowingly. I carried the rose with me for the rest of the journey, which reminded me of the man who surprised me in the middle of the night and how his kindness lifted my spirits and replaced my loneliness with joy. His small action had a great deal of influence over me and I was determined to give the kindness to other people.INCLUDEPICTURE "读后续写1lll.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "读后续写1lll.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
[学生用书P28]
莉莉真诚道歉重获友谊
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动作链指一系列相互关联、逻辑意义相连接的动作。动作按照一定的顺序或时间发生，较短的篇幅即可构成一个完整的场景或情节。读后续写需要运用大量的动作描写。用动作链展示人物动作，可以增强故事的连贯性和可读性。为了构建动作链，要更加关注句子结构。构建动作链的方法包括：
1．动词的联动
?人与自我
*I took out my notebook, wrote down the idea and started to plan the project.
我拿出笔记本，写下想法，开始规划项目。
*Eric closed his eyes, took a deep breath and tried to calm down.
埃里克闭上眼睛，深吸一口气，努力平静下来。
*She put on her running shoes, stretched her legs and began to jog along the road.
她穿上跑鞋，拉伸双腿，开始沿路慢跑。
?人与社会
*She walked into the community center, greeted the volunteers and started sorting donated clothes.
她走进社区中心，向志愿者们打招呼，然后开始整理捐赠的衣物。
*The old man sat on the bench, fed the stray cats and shared stories with passers-by.
老人坐在长椅上，喂流浪猫，还与路人分享故事。
*They gathered in the square, raised the national flag and sang the national anthem loudly.
他们聚集在广场上，升起国旗，大声唱国歌。
?人与自然
*They climbed the mountain, crossed the stream and reached the top to enjoy the sunrise.
他们爬上了山，穿过溪流，到达山顶欣赏日出。
*The students pulled out the weeds, watered the crops and sat under the tree to rest.
学生们拔掉杂草，浇了庄稼，然后坐在树下休息。
*We picked up the rubbish, put it into bags and carried them back to the campsite.
我们捡起垃圾，装进袋子，并带回了营地。
2．非谓语动词
?人与自我
*Feeling a little nervous, Penny stood on the stage, ready to give a speech.
潘妮觉得有点紧张，她站在台上，准备演讲。
*Holding the old photo, Tim sat quietly, recalling the happy days in his childhood.
蒂姆拿着老照片，静静地坐着，回忆着童年的快乐时光。
*Finishing the last page of the book, I closed it slowly, thinking about the ending.
读完这本书的最后一页，我慢慢合上它，思考着结局。
?人与社会
*Holding a bouquet of flowers, her mother stood at the door, waiting for Maggie to come back.
她妈妈捧着一束花，站在门口，等着玛吉回来。
*Guided by a local villager, we visited the ancient temple, listening to its long history.
在一个当地村民的指引下，我们参观了古寺，聆听着它悠久的历史。
*Filled with sincere words, the letter touched everyone who read it, evoking their warm memories.
这封信字里行间充满真诚，打动了每个读信的人，唤起了他们温暖的回忆。
?人与自然
*Breathing the fresh air, they walked along the lake, enjoying the singing of birds.
他们呼吸着新鲜空气，沿着湖边散步，欣赏鸟儿歌唱。
*Covered with green leaves, the old tree stood in the yard, providing shade for the family.
老树长满绿叶，立在院子里，为一家人遮阳。
*Following the footprints, the explorer went deeper into the forest, looking for rare animals.
探险家跟着脚印，深入森林，寻找珍稀动物。
3．时间状语从句
?人与自我
*When I felt tired, I stopped working, making myself comfortable by reading my favorite books.
当感到累的时候，我停止工作，通过读自己最喜欢的书让自己舒适。
*As I practiced the piano, my fingers became more flexible, playing the melody smoothly.
练习钢琴时，我的手指变得更灵活了，流畅地弹奏出旋律。
*Before I went to bed, I wrote a diary as a habit, recording the interesting things of the day.
睡觉前，我习惯性地写了日记，记录了一天的趣事。
?人与社会
*When the rain stopped, the kids rushed out of the house, chasing each other in the yard.
雨停后，孩子们冲出屋子，在院子里互相追逐。
*As the concert ended, the audience stood up, clapping and cheering for the performers.
音乐会结束时，观众站起来，为表演者鼓掌欢呼。
*After she checked out, she helped the elderly customer carry the heavy goods, smiling kindly.
结账之后，她帮老年顾客拎起沉重的货物，笑得很友善。
?人与自然
*When the wind blew, the leaves fell down, dancing gracefully in the air.
风吹过时，树叶落下来，在空中优雅地飞舞。
*As the sun set, the fishermen pulled up the net, seeing many fish jumping inside.
太阳落山时，渔民拉起渔网，看见里面有很多鱼在跳。
*Before the storm came, the birds flew back to their nests, hiding from the coming rain.
暴风雨来临前，鸟儿飞回巢穴，躲避即将到来的雨。
4．名词短语＋and＋陈述句
?人与自我
*A deep sigh and she made up her mind, deciding to face the challenge bravely.
伴随着一声深深的叹息，她下定了决心，决定勇敢面对挑战。
*One more page and I would finish the homework, feeling a sense of relief.
再做一页，我就完成作业了，感到一阵轻松。
*A quick glance in the mirror and the girl smiled, confident to start the new day.
快速照了一眼镜子，女孩笑了，自信地开始新的一天。
?人与社会
*A loud knock and the door opened, a postman with a big package standing there.
伴随着一声响亮的敲门声，门开了，门口站着一个拿着大包裹的邮递员。
*Another try and the little boy finally flew the kite, receiving praise from his parents.
经过再一次尝试，小男孩终于放飞了风筝，获得了他父母的赞扬。
*A sudden cry and the teacher hurried over, checking what happened.
随着一声突然的哭喊，老师匆忙赶去，查看发生了什么。
?人与自然
*A strong wind and the branches shook, leaves falling on the ground.
一阵大风刮过，树枝摇晃起来，叶子掉落一地。
*A sudden shower and the flowers in the garden looked more lively.
一场突如其来的阵雨过后，花园的花看起来更生机勃勃了。
*A bright flash of lightning and the sky turned dark, indicating a storm was coming.
一道明亮的闪电闪过，天空变暗了，预示着暴风雨即将到来。
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阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[1]In a small town lived a teenage girl named Lily. She was cheerful and loved making new friends and trying new things, but she seldom turned to others for help. Lately she felt sad and lost as she was stuck in a difficult situation.
[2]Lily had arranged to go to a concert with her best friend, Sarah, on Saturday evening. However, that morning her cousins visited, and they spent a noisy, tiring day together. Because of the busy day, Lily did not hear her phone and missed her concert appointment. The next day, when Lily met Sarah, she was excited to share the story of her cousins' visit. But Sarah became angry and walked away. Even when Lily tried to explain, Sarah did not respond and started avoiding her at school. Lily was deeply disturbed.
[3]One day, Lily noticed a flyer (传单) for a youth group meeting at the local community center. Although she was curious about meeting new people, she also felt a little scared of the unknown. After a brief pause, she decided to join the meeting, hoping it might help her feel better.
[4]At the community center, a group of friendly teenagers welcomed her. David, the group leader, greeted her warmly and introduced her to everyone. They played games, talked about their interests, and shared their problems. As the meeting went on, Lily realized she was not alone in her struggles. The group discussed how challenging it could be to manage school work, friendships, and family expectations.
[5]Lily had kept her feelings inside ever since her argument with Sarah, thinking she was the only one experiencing such difficulties. Now, surrounded by others who understood, she felt more hopeful. When it was her turn to speak, she opened up about her feelings. As she shared her emotions, Lily felt a great sense of relief.
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
After Lily finished speaking, David asked the group to brainstorm ways to help her._________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
The next day, Lily approached Sarah in the school hallway with two concert tickets.________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头lll.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头lll.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 一审——审要素
【When & Where】
[1]In a__small__town lived a teenage girl named Lily.
[2]Lily had arranged to go to a concert with her best friend, Sarah, on Saturday__evening.
【Who】
Lily, Sarah (Lily's best friend), a group of teenagers and David (the group leader)
【What & Why】
[2]Because of the busy day, Lily did not hear her phone and missed her concert appointment.
[2]Even when Lily tried to explain, Sarah did not respond and started avoiding her at school.
[3]One day, Lily noticed a flyer for a__youth__group__meeting at the local community center.
[3]After a brief pause, she decided to join__the__meeting,__hoping it might help her feel__better．
[5]When it was her turn to speak, she opened__up about her feelings.
【How】
[1]Lately she felt sad and lost as she was stuck in a difficult situation.
[2]But Sarah became angry and walked away.
[2]Lily was deeply disturbed．
[3]Although she was curious about meeting new people, she also felt a little scared of the unknown.
[5]Now, surrounded by others who understood, she felt more__hopeful．
[5]As she shared her emotions, Lily felt a__great__sense__of__relief．
INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头lll.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头lll.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 二定——定主题：正能量原则
With the__sincere__apology from Lily, Sarah forgave her and they regained their friendship.
INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头lll.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头lll.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 三构思——QA模式：构思每段三个微情节
根据第一段段首句可知，下文续写内容为：
[Question 1] What happened next
[Answer] David__shared__his__own__story__of__fixing__a__broken__friendship__and__others__gave__their__suggestions.
[Question 2] What did Lily do and feel
[Answer] She__listened__attentively__and__made__notes,__and__she__felt__hopeful.
[Question 3] What would be Lily's decision？(和第二段段首句衔接)
[Answer] Lily__made__up__her__mind__to__write__a__sincere__apology__letter__and__buy__two__new__concert__tickets.
根据第二段段首句可知，下文续写内容为：
[Question 1] What did Lily do
[Answer] She__apologized__to__Sarah__and__handed__Sarah__the__items.
[Question 2] What was Sarah's response
[Answer] She__was__surprised__at__first,__then__agreed__to__go__to__the__concert,__and__accepted__Lily's__apology.
[Question 3] What was the ending of the story
[Answer] Lily__and__Sarah__regained__their__friendship.
INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头lll.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头lll.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 四成文——梳理思路，完成正文
特别关注语言协同： 模仿原文的亮点词汇、语法结构和亮点句型。
After Lily finished speaking, David asked the group to brainstorm ways to help her.___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
The next day, Lily approached Sarah in the school hallway with two concert tickets.____________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
One possible version：
After Lily finished speaking, David asked the group to brainstorm ways to help her. David kicked off the discussion by sharing his own story of fixing a broken friendship, stressing, “Honesty can melt the frost between friends.” The group members soon joined in—some advised writing a heartfelt letter to clear up the misunderstanding, while others suggested using a small gift to show sincerity.(微情节一：戴维分享个人经历，其他人也纷纷提出建议) Lily listened attentively, her fingers tapping the notebook as she took down each idea. The heavy weight in her chest lifted, replaced by a warm surge of hope.(微情节二：莉莉认真倾听，并做了笔记，她感到充满希望) By the end of the brainstorm, she made up her mind. Penning a sincere apology letter and buying two new concert tickets may be a good idea.(微情节三：莉莉决定写一封真诚的道歉信并购买两张音乐会门票)
The next day, Lily approached Sarah in the school hallway with two concert tickets. “Sarah, I'm really sorry for missing our plan last week，” Lily apologized sincerely, handed the letter and tickets to Sarah and smiled at her eagerly.(微情节一：莉莉真诚地向莎拉道歉) Surprised at first, Sarah stared at her for a moment, but then took the items hesitantly. After reading the letter, her face softened. She looked up and agreed to go to the concert. Obviously, Sarah accepted Lily's apology. Lily's face lit up, and she nodded excitedly.(微情节二：莎拉接受莉莉的道歉) They walked side by side toward the classroom, the tension between them disappearing like morning mist. The happy laughter became a tangible reminder of their regained friendship.(微情节三：莉莉与莎拉重新找回友谊)INCLUDEPICTURE "英YLBX3UNIT1LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "英YLBX3UNIT1LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
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　　　harm　　　　length　　 　speciesvariety　　 　　wildlife　　　beneath　　　massliving survive nutrient disappearagriculture impact extinction damageglobal application organization absolutelytrack nowhere entirely protestprofit defence various economicrecycle former chemical consequence 　in turn, break down, breathe life into, due to, build up, come up with, call for, spring to mind, get/be rid of, give rise to　1.be the time to do sth.2．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句3．It＋系动词＋过去分词＋that 从句4．过去分词短语作后置定语
　省　略 　保护野生动物的倡议书
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wetland n.湿地plain n. 平原ocean n. 海洋rainforest n. 雨林grassland n. 草地the ecological balance 生态平衡the origin of species 物种起源the survival of the fittest 适者生存natural habitat 自然栖息地the polar regions 极地地区exist v. 存在；生存extinct adj. 已灭绝的threaten vt. 威胁hunt v. 打猎shoot vt. 射杀survive v. 存活do harm to... 损害……die out 灭绝die off 相继死亡be cruel to... 对……残忍 endangered species　　　　　濒危物种rare animals 稀有动物 be a danger to... 对……来说是一个危险in danger (of...) 处于(……的)危险中prevent v. 阻止sustainable adj. 可持续的nature reserve 自然保护区wildlife reserve 野生动物保护区be concerned about/for... 为……担忧pay more attention to... 更加注意……live in harmony with... 与……和睦相处take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事help...return to nature 帮助……重返自然attach great importance to... 高度重视……strike a balance between... 在……之间达成平衡raise one's awareness of... 增强某人……的意识pursue a low-carbon lifestyle 追求低碳的生活方式be aware of the importance of protecting the ecosystem意识到保护生态系统的重要性
话题佳句 1.Many trees are being cut down and more and more forests are lost, making animals lose their homes to live in.许多树木正在被砍伐，越来越多的森林消失，这使得动物们失去了它们赖以生存的家园。2．Nowadays more and more people have come to realize the fact that we shouldn't develop economy at the expense of the environment.现在越来越多的人意识到我们不应该以牺牲环境作为代价来发展经济这一事实。3．How important and necessary for us to keep the balance of nature and protect the environment！　对于我们来说，保持生态平衡和保护环境是多么重要和必要啊！4．All animals and plants are important, because each species contributes to the variety of life forms on the Earth and plays an important role in maintaining life.所有动植物都是重要的，因为每一个物种都有助于地球上生命种类的多样性的形成，而且对维持生命起着重要的作用。
Period 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading
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What is the main idea of the text
A．The Amazon rainforest is the “lungs of the planet”．
B．The Amazon rainforest is a natural treasure house on the Earth.
C．The Amazon rainforest keeps fine balance of ecosystem.
D.The Amazon rainforest has the richest biodiversity.
答案：B
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答案：1.significant　2.balance　3.size　4.plant species　5.species　6.situation　7.has disappeared　8.extinction
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1．What can we know from the text
A.The Amazon rainforest only covers two countries：Brazil and Peru.
B．About half of the species in the world can be found in the Amazon rainforest.
C．Water lilies in the Amazon rainforest can be eaten.
D.The Yangtze River is around 6，300 kilometres in length.
2．How does the author lead in the topic of the documentary script
A．By making definition.
B．By giving examples.
C．By creating scenes.
D．By making comparison.
3．What's the main idea of paragraph 4
A．The Amazon rainforest's food chain.
B．The main living things in the Amazon rainforest.
C．How to keep the Amazon rainforest's ecosystem.
D．How to maintain the balance of the Amazon rainforest.
4．Why is the Amazon rainforest known as the “lungs of the planet”？
A．Because it looks like a lung.
B．Because there are many species of plants and animals there.
C．Because it fixes carbon and produces over 20 percent of all the Earth's oxygen.
D．Because the Amazon rainforest will disappear.
答案：1～4.DCAC
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1．The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6，400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.(Para.2)
[分析]　本句为主从复合句。主句为“The Amazon River is close to 6，400 kilometres in length”。句中“from＋which” 引导非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词The Amazon River，在从句中作from的宾语。
[翻译]　亚马孙河——(亚马孙)雨林因其而得名——全长约6__400千米，比长江还长约100千米。
2．Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.(Para.3)
[分析]　本句是介词短语置于句首引起的完全倒装句。
[翻译]　在那之上，大量落叶散落在昏暗的雨林地面上。
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The Amazon rainforest is the 1.largest(large) rainforest in the world, which plays a significant role in 2.maintaining(maintain) the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem. It 3.crosses(cross) into eight countries and covers 4.an area of around 6 million square kilometres. The Amazon River, from 5.which the rainforest gets its name, supports many different ecosystems on its journey. They give this area the richest biodiversity on the Earth. Of the 390，000 species of plants known 6.to us, more than 40，000 can be found in the Amazon rainforest. Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of 7.living(live) things. More than 1，300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle's plant life, which form the forest's food chain. The Amazon rainforest is known as the “lungs of the planet”. However, over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest 8.has__disappeared(disappear) due to human 9.activities(activity). Can we afford 10.to__damage(damage) the “lungs of the planet”？
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1．What can we do to help maintain the delicate ecological balance
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
2．Can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？ Why
___________________________________________________________
3．Are there any places with rich biodiversity like the Amazon rainforest in China What are they
___________________________________________________________
答案：Open answers.
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Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
1．ecosystem n.　　　A．大陆，陆地，洲
2．overseas adj. B．阔叶树；硬材(阔叶树的木材)
3．continent n. C．美洲豹，美洲虎
4．biodiversity n. D．生态系统
5．towering adj. E．生物多样性
6．hardwood n. F．碳
7．mammal n. G．牛
8．jaguar n. H．氧，氧气
9．microorganism n. I．哺乳动物
10．carbon n. J．海外的，国外的
11．oxygen n. K．高大的，高耸的；出色的
12．cattle n. L．微生物
答案：1～5.DJAEK　6～10.BICLF　11～12.HG
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．our soils and seas　　我们的土壤和海洋
2．one overseas region of France
法国的一个海外地区
3．with an area of around 6 million square kilometres面积约为600万平方千米
4．one in ten known species in the world
世界上十分之一的已知物种
5．an unbelievable variety of wildlife
多到难以置信的野生生物种类
6．beneath the ground 地表下
7．feed on insects 以昆虫为食
8．the impact of human activities
人类活动的影响
9．damage the “lungs of the planet”
破坏“地球之肺”
10．the Amazon's hot climate
亚马孙的炎热气候
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．harm n．& vt.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的
2．length n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长→lengthen vt.(使)变长；(使)延长→long adj.长的；长期的
3．variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的→vary v．改变；变化；不同
4．mass n．大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj.大批的，广泛的→massive adj.大规模的；大而重的
5．living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的 n．生计，谋生；生活方式→ live adj.活的；现场直播的→alive adj.活着的；有活力的
6．survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难→survival n．幸存；残存物→survivor n．幸存者
7．nutrient n．营养素，营养物→nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的→nutritional adj.营养的
8．disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance n．消失→(反义词)appear vi.出现
9．agriculture n．农业，农学→agricultural adj.农业的；农用的
10．extinction n．灭绝，绝种→extinct adj.已灭绝的，绝种的；消亡了的
Ⅳ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．The gallery has a__range__of(一系列) modern art which can satisfy all kinds of visitors.
2．Judging__from(根据……判断) the delighted look on his face, he is very satisfied with the result.
3．There are about 100 cattle on the farm and they mainly feed__on(以……为食) grass.
4．The local government invested in building new schools, which in__turn(反过来) attracted more families to settle in the area, leading to a boom in the local housing market.
5．International cooperation is very important to break__down(消除) the barriers that prevent us from effectively dealing with climate change.
6．We hope the new employees can breathe__life__into(给……带来起色) our company and promote its development.
7．The extinction of the species was due__to(由于) habitat loss and climate change.
8．You can use the following methods to help your son build__up(逐渐增加) his confidence.
Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．“be the time to do sth.”意为“是该做某事的时候了”
Now is__the__time__to__sound(是该敲响……的时候了) the alarm.
2．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句
The Amazon River, from__which__the__rainforest__gets__its__name(雨林因其而得名), is close to 6，400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.(Para.2)
3．v.-ing形式作状语
As a result, most of the forest's nutrients are locked up in the plants themselves, thus__allowing__them__to__grow__at__an__unbelievable__speed(从而允许其以令人难以置信的速度生长).
4．It＋系动词＋过去分词＋that从句
It__was__reported__that(据报道) in 2011, about 34 million people lived in the Amazon.
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harm n.& vt.伤害，损害
【经典例句】
①(人教必修三U2)Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm
难道这个村子里没有人觉得自己有责任不让他们的邻居受到伤害吗？
②(外研必修一U6)These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some of which feed on insects that can harm the rice crops.
这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了一个完美的环境，它们中的一些以伤害水稻作物的昆虫为食。
(1)do/cause harm to sb./sth. ＝do sb./sth. harm对某人/某物有害
There is no harm in doing sth.
做某事无害。
(2)harmful adj. 有害的
be harmful to... 对……有害
(3)harmless adj. 无害的；无恶意的
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
(1)You must also try your best to protect your eyes from harmful(harm) things.
(2)Peter may look a bit fierce, but actually he's fairly harmless(harm).
(3)There is no harm in giving gifts to children, but they should not be rewards.
(4)熬夜太频繁会对人们的健康造成极大的伤害。
→Staying up too often will do/cause__great__harm__to people's health.(harm n．)
→Staying up too often will be__greatly__harmful__to people's health.(harmful adj.)
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variety n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体
【经典例句】
①(北师大必修二U4)Yet，very few people knew that future avatars would have such a wide variety of forms and uses.
然而，很少有人知道未来的虚拟形象会有如此广泛的形式和用途。
②(人教必修二U5)At the same time, we all go through various periods when we feel sad or alone.
同时，我们都会经历感到悲伤或孤独的各种不同的时期。
(1)a variety of＝varieties of各种各样的
(2)various adj.各种不同的；各种各样的
(3)vary vt.& vi. (使)不同；变化
vary from...to... 从……到……不等
vary with... 随着……变化
【单句语法填空/同义替换】
(1)In our daily lives, we will come across various(vary) difficulties and we should try to break them down.
(2)I've visited lots of districts and stayed in varieties(various) of hotels, but none of them matches this one.
(3)I will encourage them to take part in all kinds of activities to improve their social skills.
→I will encourage them to take part in various/a__variety__of/varieties__of activities to improve their social skills.
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beneath prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上
【经典例句】 (教材P3)At the bottom, there is a system of roots beneath the ground.
在底部，有一个地表下的根系。
(1)It is beneath sb. to do sth.
做某事有失某人的身份。
(2)under prep. 在(某物体)下面
under the tree 在树下
under the bed 在床下
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)Your life jacket is located under your seat or beneath your centre armrest.
(2)I found my turtle under the bed.
(3)做这种事有失你的身份。
It__is__beneath__you__to__do this kind of thing.
(4)那名高中生和他的朋友们坐在树下。
The high school student sat__under__the__tree with his friends.
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mass n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群
adj.大批的，广泛的
【经典例句】 (外研必修二U5)There were forests, mountains with snowy tops and masses of ice.
这里有森林，有积雪覆顶的群山，还有大量的冰。
(1)the masses　　　　　大众；人民群众
(2)a mass of/masses of 许多，大量(可修饰
可数名词复数和不可数名词)
(3)massive adj. 巨大的
【单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子】
(1)Up to now, a mass of incredible changes have taken place in science，technology，education and so on in China.
(2)5G is an exciting mobile technology, which gives massive(mass) benefits to the healthcare industry.
(3)He devoted all his life to improving the__living__conditions__of__the__masses (群众的生活条件), making people grateful.[应用文写作之人物介绍]
(4)我走着走着，四周的山上雷声隆隆，大片的云层向这里移动，很快就下起了倾盆大雨。
As I walked, thunder rumbled in the mountains all around, large__masses__of__clouds__were__moving__towards__here,__and soon rain began to fall in heavy drops.[读后续写之场景描写]
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living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的
n．生计，谋生；生活方式
【经典例句】 (人教必修三U3)To earn a living, some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown.
为了谋生，有些人在唐人街开商店和餐馆。
(1)the living　　　　　活着的人；生者
living things 生物
living languages 现用语言
earn/make a living(＝earn/make one's living) 谋生
(2)alive adj. 活着的(其反义词为
dead)；有活力的
live adj. 活的；现场直播的
adv. 在现场直播
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)In fact, it is easy to earn a living(live) as long as you master a skill.
(2)那场音乐会通过电视现场直播。
The concert was__broadcast__live on television.
(3)我们不知道他是死是活。
We don't know whether__he__is__alive__or__dead．
(4)世界上的任何生物都一定需要空气、水和食物。
Any__living__things in the world must need air, water and food.
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survive vi.生存，存活　vt.幸存，幸免于难
【经典例句】
①(教材P3)While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest's food chain.
虽然大量的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们仅是这个雨林食物链中的一个要素。
②For centuries farmers there have only just managed to survive.
几个世纪以来，那儿的农民勉强能维持生存。
(1)survive on...靠……继续维持生活
survive＋n.(the fire/earthquake/...)
从(火灾/地震/……)中生还
(2)survival n. 幸存
adj. 幸存的，赖以生存的
survivor n.　　　 幸存者
【单句语法填空/语段填空/完成句子】
(1)(人教必修一U4)Everywhere survivors(survive) looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.
(2)Though there was little chance of survival(survive) in the desert, the tourists survived(survive) the bad conditions. It is reported that they survived on the little water and food in the desert.
(3)生活不是要学会如何熬过风暴，而是关于学会在雨中起舞，即使天空灰暗，也要在每一个瞬间找到快乐。
Life isn't about learning how__to__survive__the__storm;__it's about learning to dance in the rain and finding joy in every moment, even when the skies are gray. [读后续写之主旨升华]
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survive意为“从地震、火灾、事故等中幸存下来”时，为及物动词，其后不可接介词from或in。
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in turn 相应地，转而；依次；轮流
【经典例句】
①(教材P3)These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.
相应地，这些青蛙以吃树叶和果实的昆虫为食。
②(外研必修二U3)It can be quite stressful at times, though, which in turn makes me feel anxious.
不过，有时压力会很大，这相应地会让我感到焦虑。
(1)take turns (in) doing sth./to do sth.轮流做某事
It is one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。
(2)in return (for...) 作为(……的)回报
【单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子】
(1)We take turns making/to__make(make) dinner because we are all very busy at present.
(2)I deeply appreciate your help and I hope to have the opportunity to show you around Beijing in__return__for__your__kindness(报答你的好意).
(3)不要害怕困难。 它们可以帮助你积累经验，经验转而又可以开阔你的眼界。
Don't be afraid of difficulties. They can help you accumulate experience, and experience__can__in__turn__broaden__your__horizons．[读后续写之主旨升华]
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break down 使分解(为)，使变化(成)；消除；(机器、车辆等)出故障；(谈判、计划等)失败；破裂；(身体)垮掉
【经典例句】
①(教材P3)When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.
一只美洲豹死亡，一小群微生物帮助分解它的尸体，并将营养物质返补给土壤。
②(外研必修二U3)It breaks down walls and brings people together on and off the field.
它可以消除隔阂，让人们在球场内外聚集在一起。
break up　　　 打碎；分裂；解体；结束；分手
break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等)
break into 强行闯入；突然……起来
break away from 脱离；挣脱
break off (使)断开，折断；停止；突然中止
break out (战争、火灾)爆发；突然发生
break through (在某领域)有进展或突破
【用break的相关短语填空/完成句子】
(1)(人教必修二U4)Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke__away__from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
(2)A terrible fire broke__out on Sunday night, leaving the Henderson Tower seriously damaged.
(3)如果你想消除误会，你应该当面向她道歉。
If you want__to__break__down__the__misunderstanding,__you should apologise to her face to face.[应用文写作之建议信]
(4)好消息一宣布，孩子们就欢呼起来，他们的脸上洋溢着喜悦和兴奋。
The moment the good news was announced, the children broke__into__cheers,__their faces lighting up with joy and excitement.[读后续写之情绪描写]
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due to 由于，因为
【经典例句】
①(外研必修二U6)This was not only due to fear of sharks, but also finning.
这不仅仅是因为鲨鱼带来的恐惧，还因为人们捕鲨采翅的行为。
②We got to the airport 30 minutes before the plane was due to take off.
我们在飞机预定起飞前30分钟到达了机场。
due adj.　　　　　应得的；应付的；预定的
be due to sb. 应付给某人；应给予某人(to为介词)
be due to do sth. 预定/预期做某事
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Due to a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half. I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague.
(2)The opening ceremony of the English Week is due to__start(start) at 2：00 p．m. this Friday at the lecture hall.[应用文写作之通知]
(3)我应该感谢你，没有你的帮助，我不可能取得这么大的成就。
My__thanks__are__due__to__you,__without whose help I would not have achieved so much.[应用文写作之感谢信]
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表示“因为、由于”的短语还有because of、 on account of、 as a result of、 owing to、 thanks to等。
INCLUDEPICTURE "圈10F2半GLLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "圈10F2半GLLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
impact n.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞
vi.& vt.有影响；冲击
【经典例句】
①(教材P3)As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？
随着人类活动的影响继续扩大，濒危物种的名单变得更长了，这留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起破坏“地球之肺”的后果吗？
②The car impacted on the stone wall and the great impact did great damage to the car.
汽车撞上了石墙，巨大的冲击力对汽车造成了很大的损坏。
对……产生影响
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)Parents' words and deeds will have a great impact on/upon their children.
(2)阅读有关传统文化的书籍会对儿童有良好的影响。
→Reading books of traditional culture can have__a__good__impact/effect/influence__on/upon__the__children．
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damage vt.& n．损害，伤害，损坏，破坏
【经典例句】 Fire has caused severe damage to the contents of the building.
大火导致那栋大楼里的东西严重损毁。
(1)damage one's health　损害某人的健康
(2)cause/do damage to...＝do harm to...
对……造成损害/
破坏
pay for the damage 赔偿损失
suffer damage/loss 遭受损失
economic damage 经济损失
claim damages 索要赔偿金
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
(1)She claimed damages(damage) from the company for the injury she had suffered.
(2)The old lady did everything in her power to protect the old temple from being__damaged(damage).
(3)The storm, with its intense winds and heavy rainfall, did great damage to the crops.
(4)众所周知，吸烟会损害我们的健康。
→It is well known that smoking can damage__our__health．(damage vt.)
→As we all know, smoking can cause/do__damage__to__our__health．(damage n．)
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build up 逐渐增加，扩大；建立；创建；积累；增强……的体质
【经典例句】
①(教材P5)For another thing, due to the Amazon's hot climate, it is difficult for the soil to build up enough nutrients.　另一方面，由于亚马孙的炎热气候，土壤很难积累足够的养分。
②Eating a balanced diet and getting enough sleep can help you build up your strength and improve your overall health.
均衡饮食和充足睡眠可以帮助你增强体力并改善整体健康状况。
build up one's strength/body增强体力/体质
put up　　　　　 张贴；举起；建造；提供食宿
set up 建立；开办；发起
give up 放弃
add up 加起来；合计
【写出下列句中build up的含义/完成句子】
(1)His confidence built up gradually as he gained more and more experience in teaching.逐渐增加
(2)To learn a language well, you must build up a lot of useful vocabulary.积累
(3)Therefore, let's take the responsibility to build up a low-carbon city by riding bicycles.创建
(4)我们学校将举办第一届校园武术节，旨在增强我们的体质。
Our school will hold the First Campus Martial Arts Festival, which__aims__to__build__up__our__bodies．(定语从句)
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“be the time to do sth.”意为“是该做某事的时候了”
【经典例句】
①(教材P1)Now is the time to sound the alarm.
现在是该敲响警钟的时候了。
②It is time that we all learned to appreciate the little things in life.
是时候我们都该学会珍惜生活中的小事了。
(1)It is time for sb.to do sth.
＝It is time that sb.did/should do sth.
是某人该做某事的时候了。
(2)It/This/That is the first/second/...time that sb. has/have done sth.
＝It/This/That was the first/second/...time that sb. had done sth.
这/那是某人第一次/第二次/……做某事。
【单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子】
(1)I suddenly realize that it is time that I worked/should__work(work) hard.
(2)(外研必修三U4)And now, it's__time__to__get__up__close__and__personal__with__one__of__history's__greatest__artists(是时候走到近处，切身感受历史上最伟大的艺术家之一)—Rembrandt!
(3)考虑到你的年龄，现在是时候开始为你的退休储蓄了。
It__is__time__that__you__started/should__start__saving for your retirement, considering your age.
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“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句
【经典例句】
①(教材P2)The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6，400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.
亚马孙河——(亚马孙)雨林因其而得名——全长约6 400千米，比长江还长约100千米。
②(人教必修三U3)The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese, many of whom do not speak English fluently.
唐人街的绝大多数居民依旧是华人，他们很多人英语说得并不流利。
教材原句中from which为“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句，关系代词不可省略，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which。
(1)在“不定代词/数词/名词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which；
(2)“the＋名词＋of whom/which”和“of whom/which＋the＋名词”可转换为“whose＋名词”。
【完成句子/句型转换/句式升级】
(1)春节期间有各种典型的中国习俗，其中两项是包饺子和放烟花。
There are various typical Chinese customs during the Spring Festival, two__of__which__are__to__make__dumplings__and__set__off__fireworks．
(2)There lives an old man near the school, the son of whom is working in that district.
→There lives an old man near the school, whose__son is working in that district.
(3)There are thirty students in my class. Many of them come from the south.
→There are thirty students in my class and__many__of__them__come__from__the__south．(并列句)
→There are thirty students in my class, many__of__whom__come__from__the__south．(非限制性定语从句)
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It＋系动词＋过去分词＋that从句
【经典例句】
①(教材P5)It was reported that in 2011, about 34 million people lived in the Amazon.
据报道，2011年，大约有3 400万人生活在亚马孙地区。
②(外研必修三U4)It is said that when the Emperor asked Han Gan to take a master of horse painting as his teacher, the artist replied, “I have my own teachers, Your Majesty. All the horses in your stables are my very teachers.”
据说，当皇帝让韩干拜一位画马的大画家为师时，韩干回答说：“臣自有师，今陛下内厩之马，皆臣之师也。”
(1)教材原句中“It's reported that...”意为“据报道……”，在该句型中，It作形式主语，that引导的主语从句是真正的主语。类似结构还有：
It's thought that...　　大家认为……
It's said that... 据说……
It's believed that... 人们相信……
It's well known that... 众所周知……
It's suggested that... 有人建议……；
据称……
It's recognised that... 人们认为……
(2)以上结构可以转换为两种简单句形式：
①Sb./Sth.be reported/thought/said/believed/...＋to do sth.，根据具体情况，过去分词后的动词不定式可以是一般式、进行式(to be doing)或完成式(to have done)；
②People/Sb.＋report/think/say/believe/...＋that...
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
(1)(2023·全国甲卷)Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to__make (make) the printed page outdated.
(2)(2023·全国乙卷)It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain's consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way.
(3)据说，中国剪纸有着超过 1 500 年的历史，它反映了中国人民的传统文化和习俗。
→It__is__said__that__Chinese__paper-cutting__has__a__history__of__more__than__1，500__years,__reflecting the traditional culture and customs of the Chinese people.
→Chinese__paper-cutting__is__said__to__have__a__history__of__more__than__1，500__years,__reflecting the traditional culture and customs of the Chinese people.[应用文写作之传统文化]
eq \o(\s\up7( INCLUDEPICTURE "课堂微练即时检验LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "课堂微练即时检验LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT ),\s\do5(　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　[学生用书P12]))
Ⅰ.品句填词
1．So his son said, “Dear Dad, you have fallen on very hard times and I'm a burden to you; it will be better if I go away and try to earn my living(谋生).”
2．Mary enjoyed feeling the warm sand beneath(在……下面) her feet.
3．(2023·浙江卷1月)The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions(地区), see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
4．Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with various(各种各样的) food choices on the menu.
5．The world's tropical forests are disappearing(消失) at an even faster rate than experts had thought.
6．We are having a heated debate on the impact of social media on children.
7．On weekends, a mass of people flock to the parks and beaches, seeking relaxation and entertainment after a busy week.
8．Too much drinking will do damage to your health；you should take the doctor's advice.
9．If people keep polluting the ocean, no creature will survive in the long run.
10．For most of the year, we have a dry climate(气候) in Beijing.
Ⅱ.词块运用
1．This country is__home__to(是……的家园) more than 1，300 species of fish and 700 species of coral.
2．It is known that animals like tigers which feed__on(以……为食) meat belong to meat-eating animals.
3．They ordered that for every tree cut__down(砍倒), two more should be planted.
4．What the teachers have done have__a__great__impact__on(对……产生很大影响) their students in the future.
5．We want to continuously break__down(消除) barriers between the virtual and real worlds, and refresh people's experience of exploring the world.
6．We should spare more time to take exercise.If so, we can have a healthy body, which in__turn(反过来) contributes to our studies.
7．It is the readers who breathe__life__into(注入活力) a newspaper with their letters.
8．It is a park best known for its thick forest and abundance of rare animals, especially varieties__of(各种各样的) birds.
9．The aim of those activities is to help students build__up(建立) confidence to speak English in public.
Ⅲ.根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文
Now 1.is__the__time__to__take__measures__to__protect__the__environment(是采取措施保护环境的时候了；be the time to do sth.). We should realize that it is our responsibility to do so. 2.Facing__the__serious__consequences/results__of__pollution(面对污染的严重后果；v.-ing形式作状语), we urgently need to adopt eco-friendly practices. Now we are living in a delicate environment, 3.from__which__we__get__varieties__of__resources(我们从中获得了各种资源；“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句). Making small changes in our daily lives, like using public transportation, helps a lot. 4.It__is__widely__believed__that(人们普遍相信；It＋系动词＋过去分词＋that从句) only by joint efforts can we create a better world.INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
[学生用书P141(单独成册)]
维度一　词形转换和动词的形式变换
1．You must measure the length(long) by rule and line.
2．Her work has given pleasure to millions(million) of readers.
3．They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural(agriculture) economy.
4．Although some people think it's convenient, using single-use plastics is harmful(harm) because they take hundreds of years to break down and pollute the ecosystem.
5．It is always important to choose enjoyable, nutritious(nutrient) foods.
6．Two thousand of France's 4，200 species(species) of flowering plants are found in the park.
7．An operation is beginning to try to save the crocodile from extinction(extinct).
8．The survivor in the earthquake was saved by rescue workers; he thought his survival was extremely lucky. (survive)
9．With varieties(vary) of products available on the Internet, we can choose and get whatever we want.
10．Using 5G technology, health care providers will be able to monitor patients and gather massive(mass) amounts of data more easily.
维度二　固定用法和搭配
1．Judging from/by his accent, he comes from the south of our country.
2．I have invited ten exchange students to attend our music festival, three of whom are from the USA.
3．This was not the time to take risks; he knew he should play it by the rule book.
4．The organization's efforts are focused on breaking down barriers and creating equal opportunities for all individuals.
5．The typhoon did damage to the area and caused 100 deaths.
6．Anxiety leads to high levels of stress, which in turn contributes to health problems.
7．It is supposed that this company will invest in three projects in the city next month.
8．Mankind has only one Earth, and it is home to all countries.
9．The dictionary of the tenth edition is due to__be__published(publish) next month, and it promises to include the latest vocabulary and updated definitions.
维度三　完成句子
1．这个学期，我们学校为学生提供了许多选修课程，每一门课程都吸引了许多学生。(“不定代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)
This semester our school offers many optional courses to the students, each__of__which__appeals__to__many__students．
2．当我们的父母有一天变得太老而不能照顾自己的时候，就轮到我们报答他们了。(it is/was one's turn to do sth.)
When our parents become too old to take care of themselves one day, it__is__our__turn__to__repay__them．
3．我们相信，在我们的共同努力下，未来我们可以拥有更清洁的海洋。(It is＋过去分词＋that...)
It__is__believed__that__with__our__joint__efforts,__we can have cleaner oceans in the future.
4．人们普遍认为，全球变暖和气候变化可能会在未来造成更多的灾难。因此，现在是我们采取行动保护环境的时候了。(It's time to do sth.)
It is widely assumed that global warming and climate change may cause even more disasters in the future.So it's__time__for__us__to__take__action__to__protect__the__environment．
维度四　融合教材·主题探究
【改编自外研必修一U5】
As a nature photographer, I have to brave the elements. But despite the wind and the rain, I still enjoy working outside in the wild. One of the best things about this job is that you can observe animals in their natural environment.
My favourite place to take photos is Yellowstone National Park. As the world's first national park, Yellowstone is famous for the variety of its wildlife, but it is probably best known for its bears. These huge, strong animals can live for 30 years. Despite a weight of up to 300 kilograms, they can run at a speed of around 64 kilometres per hour and are also excellent swimmers.
Last spring in Yellowstone, I followed a path that took me through a dark forest. When I finally stepped out of the trees, the view was breathtaking. An eagle flew over the snow-capped mountains, which were reflected in the still lake below. While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene, I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched. Slowly, and with the camera still held to my eye, I turned...and froze. Only metres away from me was a bear. With water falling off its thick, brown hair, the bear stared back at me. Time stood still as the bear and I both waited to see who would move first. My legs started shaking. Somehow, I forced my finger to press the button. A second later, the bear turned and ran back into the forest. When I recovered from the shock, I looked at my camera. My most frightening but magical experience was now captured forever in a single image.
From time to time I look at the photo as a reminder to show respect to all animals. It is after all we who are the visitors to their world.
1．How long can bears live
A．Up to 20 years.　　 B．Up to 25 years.
C．Up to 30 years. D．Up to 35 years.
2．Why does the author look at the photo from time to time
A．To remember the beautiful scenery.
B．To show it to others.
C．To improve his photography skills.
D．To remind himself to respect animals.
3．What can we infer from the passage
A．The author was not afraid of the bear at all.
B．The bear was attacking the author.
C．The author will never go to Yellowstone again.
D.The author was very lucky to capture the moment.
4．What is the main idea of the passage
A.The author's introduction to nature photography.
B.A thrilling encounter with a bear in Yellowstone.
C．The beauty of Yellowstone National Park.
D．The importance of respecting animals.
答案：1～4.CDDB
[学生用书P143(单独成册)]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·杭州联谊学校月考)When most kids go to the beach, they're too focused on making sandcastles and splashing around to notice litter, but several years ago, for 7-year-old Cash Daniels, noticing a plastic straw sparked a lifelong passion for saving the planet.
Cash, who is now known as the “conservation kid”， has always loved nature. He grew up fishing along the Chattanooga River, after all! But once he learned that 80 percent of all trash from land and rivers ends up in the ocean, he couldn't sit__back．
He started with cleanups along the river, something that quickly went from a family affair to a community effort with volunteers and neighbors. Later, Cash, together with a Canadian conservationist, Ella Galaski-Rossen, started a nonprofit called the Cleanup Kids. Despite living in different counties, they managed to create educational videos on their social media. “We hope to be a really big nonprofit that eliminates plastic in the U．S. and Canada，” Cash said. “We want to inform kids and adults in the landlocked states on how their actions are connected to the water and the ocean，” Cash said.
Cash was selected as one of America's top 10 youth volunteers by the Prudential Spirit of Community Awards. He also earned the title of National Honoree, where he received a $5，000 grant to go to a nonprofit of his choice, and he became the first person to win the Youth Conservationist Award two years in a row from the Tennessee Wildlife Federation.
“I want to travel the world, teach others, and help them feel connected to the ocean. Because if you are connected to the ocean—if you love it and what lives in it—you'll want to protect it，” he said. “This is my fun, and it becomes more fun with every new discovery.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了卡什·丹尼尔斯从小热爱自然，发起环保行动的故事。
1．Which can replace the underlined phrase “sit back” in paragraph 2
A．Give up.　　　 B．Take part.
C．Lend a hand. D．Pay no attention.
D　解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段内容和第三段中的“He started with cleanups...with volunteers and neighbors.”可知，卡什被称为“环保小卫士”，了解到80%来自陆地和河流的垃圾最终会流入海洋后，他从清理河边的垃圾做起，他无法坐视不管。因此，sit back意为“坐视不管、袖手旁观”，与pay no attention意思相近。
2．Why did Cash start the Cleanup Kids
A．To make instructive videos.
B．To build a wider community.
C．To appeal for ocean protection.
D．To organize volunteers for cleanups.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Later, Cash, together with a Canadian conservationist...‘We hope...the water and the ocean，’ Cash said.”可知，是为了呼吁保护海洋。
3．Which of the following best describes Cash Daniels
A．Brave and talented.
B．Generous and modest.
C．Creative and humorous.
D．Sympathetic and devoted.
D 　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段和最后一段内容可推知，卡什富有同情心并且有奉献精神。
4．What does Cash Daniels' story imply
A．No pains, no gains.
B．Passion fuels dreams.
C．Helping others is great fun.
D．Many hands make light work.
B　解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段和最后一段内容可推知，卡什·丹尼尔斯的故事暗示了热情可以激发梦想。
B
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Have you ever had the feeling that you can't think when there is too much noise around Did you ever think a fish could experience that feeling too A recent paper published in Science titled “The Soundscape (音景) of the Anthropocene Ocean”， combined over 10，000 scientific papers, confirming that undersea life knows that exact same feeling, more often than not. Anthropogenic (人为的) ocean noise, also known as underwater noise pollution, has created a dramatic impact on marine life due to “human-caused” activity within and neighbouring our oceans.
Disney Pixar's animated films educated us about the ocean, specifically within the ordinary world of a clown fish. A fact many may not know is that clown fish spend the first part of their lives as larvae (幼体), drifting with the current of the ocean until they become strong enough to swim against it. Once they are powerful and strong, they head home in sheltered coral reefs. There is only one drawback—the fish can't physically see the reef, but they can hear it. The only problem is, if they can't hear it, will they ever make it home
Our anthropogenic ocean noises, such as cargo ships, ship and boat propellers (螺旋桨), surfing, deep sea mining, etc. are causing destruction of marine life. According to Time, sound is the sensory signal that travels the farthest through the ocean. Anthropogenic noise drowns out the natural soundscapes, putting marine life under immense stress. Altogether, this stress then affects their general health, disrupts their behaviour, physiology, reproduction and, in extreme cases, causes death. Marine life can adapt to noise pollution, however, only if they can escape it. This only renders further complications of forcing species to leave their traditional breeding regions or their families.
Now, what if we told you there is already a solution Multiple solutions, ideas and designs are currently in the works or already exist to reduce and reverse the damage of anthropogenic ocean noise. As Time explains, from wind-powered ships to noise-reducing propellers, floating wind turbines and “bubble curtains” that muffle construction noise, the solutions are already available and in some cases, cost-effective. The authors of the paper hope it will catch the attention of policymakers, who historically speaking, have ignored the matter still to this day.
Of all the challenges ocean creatures are battling, luckily sound pollution is the easiest compromise (妥协方案) humans can make. Once the noise has decreased, marine life will be able to better manage everything else it is up against.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人为海洋噪声也被称为水下噪声污染，已经对海洋生物产生了巨大的影响。
5．What do we know about “The Soundscape of the Anthropocene Ocean”？
A．It analyses how sound travels in the ocean.
B.It discusses different types of ocean pollution.
C．It explores the effects of noise pollution on sea life.
D．It studies how sea animals communicate with each other.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A recent paper...neighbouring our oceans.”可知，这篇论文探讨了噪声污染对海洋生物的影响。
6．Why does the author mention clown fish in paragraph 2
A．To present their life cycles.
B.To show how terrible their living conditions are.
C．To introduce a famous animation about the ocean world.
D.To stress the importance of natural soundscapes to sea life.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“There is only one drawback...make it home？”可推知，提到小丑鱼是为了强调自然的音景对海洋生物是十分重要的。
7．What does the underlined word “renders” probably mean in paragraph 3
A．Reduces.　　 B．Causes.
C．Solves. D．Prevents.
B　解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Marine life can adapt to noise pollution...their families.”可推知，海洋生物只有在能够逃脱噪声污染的情况下才能适应噪声污染，这只会导致物种离开传统繁殖区或其家族的进一步复杂化，因此，画线词意为“导致”。
8．What is the author's purpose of writing the passage
A.To publicize the knowledge of soundscapes.
B.To regulate humans' activities on the ocean.
C.To emphasize the importance of animal protection.
D.To draw people's attention to anthropogenic ocean noise.
D　解析：写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的“Anthropogenic ocean noise...neighbouring our oceans.”和最后一段中的“Once the noise...up against.”可推知，作者写这篇文章是为了引起人们对人为海洋噪声的关注。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·怀化期中)Saving the environment might seem like a difficult thing. But living an environmentally friendly life is quite easy. With just a few small lifestyle changes, you can protect the planet and also live a healthier life for yourself! 1.________　
Cut back on driving.
Find other forms of transportation that consume less or no petrol. 2.________ They won't cause any pollution or consume natural resources. If that isn't a choice, consider sharing rides with others or using public transportation. Replacing car trips with public transport reduces traffic jams and the overall amount of petrol consumption, cutting back your carbon footprint.
Volunteer to clean up your community.
Volunteer work has a directly positive impact on the environment in your area. You can volunteer to pick up litter, plant community gardens or clean up rivers. Find an activity that suits your interests and set aside time to help regularly. 3.________ If you prefer to be part of a group, volunteer with friends, your class or anyone else.
Upcycle (升级改造) items.
4．________ Instead of throwing things away, give them another purpose by making jewelry, household accessories or restyled clothing. Upcycling is fun and good for the earth. For example, you could turn an old T-shirt into a grocery bag or use cinder blocks (煤渣砖) to make outdoor planters. Experiment and look for new ways to adapt used objects.
5．________
Some chemicals have harmful long-term effects on the environment. Choose chemical-free products, plus all-natural household cleaners, beauty products and hygiene products. The fewer chemicals you use, the healthier the environment will be. Plus, natural and chemical-free products are also good for you!
A．Keep recycled items properly.
B．Use fewer chemicals in your daily life.
C．Walk or ride a bike whenever possible.
D．Here are some tips that may be of great help.
E．Consider investing in an electric or hybrid (混合动力) vehicle.
F．You can join an environmental organization that attracts you, too.
G．Creatively repurpose unwanted items to put less trash into the world.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个拯救环境的具体做法。
1．D　解析：根据上文“With just a few...a healthier life for yourself！”和下文内容可知，空处为过渡句，应表示“以下是一些有帮助的建议”，D项承上启下，符合语境。
2．C　解析：根据下文“They won't cause any pollution or consume natural resources.”可知，空处应表示要选择不会造成任何污染或消耗自然资源的交通方式，C项与上下文表达的含义一致，符合语境。
3．F　解析：根据本段小标题可知，本段的建议是自愿帮助清理社区，空处上下文说的都是志愿服务的方式，F项也是一种志愿服务的方式，与本段内容一致，符合语境。
4．G　解析：根据下文“Instead of throwing things away...restyled clothing.”并结合本段的小标题可知，本段的建议是回收再利用废旧物品，G项符合本段话题，且下文是对G项的进一步解释说明，上下文逻辑连贯，符合语境。
5．B　解析：根据下文“Some chemicals have harmful...the healthier the environment will be.”可知，本段介绍了化学物质对环境有害，要减少使用化学物质。B项与本段表达的含义一致，符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2025·淄博实验中学月考)“You're very talented, dear. I hope everything turns out great. I'll tell my friends about the animal shelter (收容处)，” a kind old lady told Conrad, who smiled __1__ as she left $20 in his hat.
Conrad was proud of what he was doing and people in the __2__ loved hearing him sing and play his __3__. The 11-year-old didn't know how much money the local animal shelter __4__．
His mother, Sandy, worked at the shelter and had always been a(n) __5__ animal lover. Therefore, he grew to be fond of animals as well. __6__， he recently heard his mother telling a friend that the shelter was not doing well. It __7__ on donations, and few donations were __8__. This made the boy very __9__. So he grabbed his guitar and __10__ the local town park to sing and play.
He placed a __11__ to tell people he was doing it to raise money for the animal shelter, which helped greatly. People __12__ and gave him mostly $1 and change, and others, such as the kind old lady, were more __13__. He was grateful to everyone and continued playing songs and __14__ money.
Teach your kids to love animals, and they'll be better people. Caring for innocent animals makes people more selfless，__15__ and caring. That's why Conrad used his skills to raise funds.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一家动物收容所因为缺乏资金而经营不善，爱护动物的康拉德非常担心，于是在公园里弹吉他唱歌为收容所募集资金的故事。
1．A.suddenly　　　 B．purposely
C．sweetly D．secretly
C　解析：根据上文老妇人对康拉德说的话可知，老妇人肯定康拉德的行为，因此她和蔼地(sweetly)笑着。
2．A.square B．park
C．street D．hall
B　解析：根据下文the local town park可知，此处指公园(park)里的人都喜欢听他唱歌。
3．A.violin B．piano
C．organ D．guitar
D　解析：根据下文“So he grabbed his guitar”可知，此处指公园里的人都喜欢听他唱歌和弹吉他(guitar)。
4．A.needed B．sold
C．worked D．made
A　解析：根据下文“the shelter was not doing well”和on donations可知，动物收容所经营得不好，需要捐助。由此可推知，这个11岁的孩子不知道当地动物收容所需要(need)多少钱。
5．A.passive B．active
C．strict D．attractive
B　解析：根据上文“His mother, Sandy, worked at the shelter”以及下文“Therefore, he grew to be fond of animals as well.”可知，他的母亲是一个积极的(active)动物爱好者。
6．A.However B．Besides
C．Otherwise D．Therefore
A　解析：根据上文“Therefore, he grew to be fond of animals as well.”和下文“he recently heard...was not doing well”可知，上下文之间为转折关系，此处应用However。
7．A.acted B．survived
C．concentrated D．kept
B　解析：根据上文“the shelter was not doing well”和下文on donations可知，收容所靠捐款生存。survive on意为“靠……生存”。
8．A.showing off B．coming in
C．going on D．getting up
B　解析：根据上文few donations可知，此处指没有多少捐款可提供。come in意为“可提供、可利用”。
9．A.annoyed B．panicked
C．worried D．confused
C　解析：根据上文“the shelter was not doing well”可知，这让男孩很担心(worried)。
10．A.looked around B．went past
C．headed for D．turned around
C　解析：根据下文“the local town park to sing and play”可知，他拿起吉他，前往(head for)当地的城镇公园唱歌和演奏。
11．A.sign B．signal
C．box D．bench
A　解析：根据下文“to tell people he was doing it to raise money for the animal shelter”可知，他放了一个牌子(sign)，告诉人们他这样做是为了给动物收容所筹款。
12．A.hesitated B．passed
C．left D．stopped
D　解析：根据下文“and gave him mostly $1 and change”可知，人们停下来(stop)，给他的大多是一美元和零钱。
13．A.generous B．happy
C．energetic D．angry
A　解析：根据上文“she left $20 in his hat”和“mostly $1 and change”可知，大多数人给的是一美元和零钱，而那位善良的老妇人给了20美元，因此此处指老妇人更慷慨(generous)。
14．A.counting B．raising
C．saving D．earning
B　解析：根据上文“tell people he was doing it to raise money for the animal shelter”可知，他继续演奏歌曲和筹集(raise)资金。
15．A.curious B．serious
C．loving D．unconcerned
C　解析：根据上文“Caring for innocent animals makes people more selfless”和下文and caring可知，关爱无辜的动物让人们更无私、更有爱心(loving)、更关心别人。INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
[学生用书P147(单独成册)]
维度一　单句语法填空
1．This indicates that Goffin's cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving(move) objects in space.
2．Video games can be a poor influence if left(leave) in the wrong hands.
3．Her job is to take care of the elders and (to)__wash(wash) their clothes.
4．To my relief, I had my father repair(repair) my bike yesterday.
5．You should stay where you are，unless asked(ask) to leave.
6．You can't imagine what difficulty we had walking(walk) home in the snowstorm.
7．Besides, students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired(pair) with someone who they don't get along with.
8．I spend some time watering(water) the plants every morning to keep them healthy.
9．I heard her sing(sing) a beautiful song in the concert last night.
10．He was late because he had overslept and missed(miss) the train.
11．You can do it this way if you like to．
12．—Are you a quiet man
—No, I am not. But I used to__be(be).
13．Are you too old for fairy tales If you think so,__Copenhagen is sure to change your mind.
14．When walking(walk) the dog on the street, you can't be careful enough.
15．When asked(ask) about his marriage, he made no answer.
16．The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, if ever, reaching 30℃ in summer.
17．He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if waking(wake) up after a long sleep.
18．Once caught(catch) stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished.
19．—Did you tell him the news
—I ought to__have(have)，but I didn't know how to speak.
维度二　语法与写作(用省略形式完成下列句子)
1．过马路时，你一定要当心。
While__crossing the street, you must be careful.
2．如果加热，水就会变成水蒸气。
If__heated,__water will become steam.
3．如果有必要的话，我们就给家里打电话。
If__necessary,__we shall make a call home.
4．据说有人会来帮助我们解决这个问题，但我们并不知道是谁。
It is said that someone will come to help us solve the problem, but we__don't__know__who．
5．除非有必要，否则你最好别查词典。
Unless__necessary,__you'd better not refer to the dictionary.
6．尽管教授见到我们有些惊讶，但还是很热情地欢迎了我们。
Though__surprised__to__see__us,__the professor gave us a warm welcome.
7．正如所料想的那样，一切进展顺利。
As__expected,__everything goes smoothly.
8．如果对这个活动感兴趣，你可以在星期五之前报名。
If__interested in the activity, you can sign up before Friday.
9．有些人建议她重新考虑这件事，但她拒绝了。
Some people suggested that she reconsider the matter, but she__refused__to．
10．他盯着这个女孩， 好像是第一次看见她一样。
He stared at the girl as__if__seeing__her__for__the__first__time．
11．遵守规则，否则你会受到惩罚。
Obey__the__rules,__or you will get punished.
12．我喜欢红葡萄酒胜过白葡萄酒。
I like red wine better__than__white．
13．对这个计划有什么想法吗？
Got__any__idea about the plan
维度三　语篇练习
1．(You)__Believe__yourself(相信自己)!
Tom and Peter are twins. They look 2.as__if__(they__were)__the__same__person(好像是同一个人). Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hardworking while Peter is lazy. Tom always wins the first place in the exams 3.while__Peter__doesn't__(win__the__first__place__in__the__exams)(而彼得没有获得第一名). Peter felt sad one day. 4.When__(he__was)__asked__why__he__was__so__sad(当他被问到为什么如此伤心时), he said he had been robbed of the opportunity of going abroad. Peter determined to 5.spend__nearly__half__of__his__summer__holiday__(in)__studying__English(花费将近一半的暑假时间学习英语). Their parents believe 6.if__Peter__worked__as__hard__as__Tom__(worked)(如果彼得像汤姆一样努力学习), 7.he__would__do__as__well__as__Tom__(did)__in__his__study(他的学习成绩会和汤姆一样好). And their parents suggest that they finish their homework before playing computer games. Not surprisingly, Peter succeeded. It's worth mentioning that if it were not for the support of his parents, Peter could not overcome his difficulty.
[学生用书P149(单独成册)]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·海门中学月考)William Lindesay, a famous Great Wall expert and conservationist, and his wife Wu Qi have traveled the globe by the back paths, providing their sons with a unique growing environment. Sun hats, backpacks and sneakers (运动鞋)—these are the day-to-day must-haves for the family.
Most of their trips seem far from relaxing—cultural study in the hot and dry desert, a 53-kilometer hiking tour of New Zealand, a one-day climb to three English mountaintops and a six-day train ride from Beijing to Moscow.
Many assume the family must be wealthy and can afford their global travel, but they are not. Lindesay says they just choose to spend money on travel and eschew pricey hotels and restaurants where possible. Lindesay mentions the trip to Moscow as an example. Instead of taking a taxi from the railway station to the hotel, they took the subway. “We crossed the city for saving money, communicated with local people, and saw they are people just like us, everywhere. We arrived at our destination feeling comfortable.”
However, their journeys, which can last weeks or months, have sometimes been inconsistent with their children's schooling. Wu remembers once Lindesay let their elder son ask for leave so that they could go to New York for a 45-day lecture tour. Therefore the son missed his final exam. Things like that bother the family all the time.
Lindesay attaches great importance to learning out of the classroom, saying that children might score well on school tests, but traveling outside, in distant lands with different languages, cultures, and political structures, is the real test. “You can only get streetwise on the street. You can only get worldly-wise when seeing the world，” he says.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了著名长城专家、自然资源保护主义者威廉·林赛和他的妻子吴琪通过环游世界，为他们的儿子提供了一个独特的成长环境。
1．How can we describe the Lindesays' trips
A．Pleasant.　　　　 B．Conventional.
C．Challenging. D．Dangerous.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段内容可推知，林赛一家的旅行具有挑战性。
2．What does the underlined word “eschew” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Visit. B．Avoid.
C．Compare. D．Evaluate.
B　解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Many assume the family...where possible.”可知，林赛一家并不是很富有，他们应该是尽可能避开昂贵的酒店和餐馆。因此，eschew意为“避开”。
3．What problem does the family meet when traveling
A．They have scheduling conflicts.
B．They suffer from a tight budget.
C．They are faced with language barriers.
D．They hold different educational ideas.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推知，林赛一家的旅行会和孩子的学习安排不一致。
4．Which statement may Lindesay agree with according to the passage
A．Toughness is the best assistant of will.
B．Man who travels far knows more.
C．Actions speak louder than words.
D．There is no royal road to learning.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，在林赛看来，远行能让人更有智慧。
B
As AI becomes popular，researchers have noticed its influence on the environment.Training an AI system requires huge computing power and electricity，and the resulting CO2 emissions are one way AI affects the environment. But its environmental effect is more than its carbon footprint.
Jesse Dodge，a scientist at the Allen Institute，says，“The influence of AI systems is going to be from their applications, not the cost of training them.” David Rolnick，a computer scientist at McGill University，compares AI to a hammer (锤子)：“The main effect of a hammer is what is being hammered，” he says，“not what is in the hammer.” Just like a hammer which can either destroy things or build a house，AI can hurt or help the environment.
In 2019，an oil company said it would use a famous technology corporation's app.With the AI technology，it would increase its production and create billions of dollars.This means the corporation's AI is directly contributing to greenhouse gas emissions.This is not the only AI application that could be environmentally harmful.AI behind the ads that jump out on web pages pushes customers to spend more on products like clothes. This in turn causes more emissions through more production and delivery.
But on the other side of the coin，there are AI applications that can help deal with environmental problems，such as the destruction caused by hurricanes.One such application is a program started by a U．S.organization.It can recognize buildings damaged and people trapped in natural disasters，reducing danger and saving time for rescuers.
AI could be a valuable tool in the fight against climate change—if the AI industry can reduce its harmful climate effects.“Both AI rules and climate rules have roles to play，” Rolnick says.When creating AI rules，he suggests considering its applications，emissions，and other production costs.Further，Dodge adds that those AI professionals should help set up some value systems to limit the technology's use.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能对环境的影响。
5．Where does the effect of AI systems on the environment come from according to Dodge
A．The popularity of AI.
B．The emissions of CO2.
C．The way of applying AI.
D．The cost of AI training.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Jesse Dodge, a scientist at the Allen Institute，says，‘The influence...training them.’”可知，根据道奇的说法，人工智能系统对环境的影响来自其应用方式。
6．How does the author develop paragraph 4
A．By listing numbers.
B．By giving an example.
C．By comparing facts.
D．By explaining details.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推知，作者通过举例来展开第四段内容。
7．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Rules for AI can be helpful.
B．AI's advance should be limited.
C．AI's production costs will be lower.
D．AI plays a role in making rules.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Both AI rules and climate rules have roles to play”和“Further，Dodge adds...the technology's use.”可推知，为人工智能设立规则可能会有帮助。
8．What is the main idea of the passage
A.AI applications are environmentally harmful.
B.AI affects the environment by CO2 emissions.
C.AI is effective in solving environmental problems.
D.AI's environmental effect goes beyond its emissions.
D　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的“But its environmental effect is more than its carbon footprint.”可知，文章主要讲的是人工智能对环境的影响不只在于它的二氧化碳排放。
C
(2025·南通期末)No part of the planet is free of plastic waste, and coral reefs are no exception. A study published in Nature found that not only is every coral reef filled with plastic, but almost three quarters of the larger items are from “ghost gear”—fishing facilities such as ropes, lines and nets. Food wrappers and plastic bottles are also common. The plastic poses an “emerging threat” to reefs, the researchers said.
The study, Plastic Pollution on the World's Coral Reefs, examined 85 reefs at more than two-dozen locations across the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic. The scientists used special diving equipment to survey in “mesophotic (中广度的)”， or twilight, zones at 30-150 meters beneath the surface, and discovered the deeper sites had more plastic than shallower ones.
There was more plastic pollution in reefs nearer to densely populated (人口稠密的) cities and markets, as well as marine protected areas, whose borders are heavily frequented by fishers.
The researchers noted that plastic can spread coral disease, and that fishing lines and nets can damage the structure of reefs and thus harm fish diversity.
“Our findings reveal some of the complex collective challenges we face when dealing with plastic pollution，” said Hudson Pinheiro, the study's lead author, from the University of Sao Paulo and a research fellow at the academy. “As marine resources around the world dwindle,__humans that rely on those resources are turning to deeper habitats and those closer to marine protected areas where fish remain abundant.”
One potential reason for finding more plastic at greater depths could be increased wave action and turbulence (湍流) at the surface, which could drag rubbish deeper. Other possibilities include recreational divers removing trash from shallower reefs.
The researcher stressed that their findings highlight the need to expand the depth of marine protected areas, update international agreements on tackling plastic pollution, and develop low-cost, biodegradable alternatives to current fishing equipment.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了珊瑚礁中的塑料污染并提出了解决方法。
9．What is the main source of the larger plastic items found in coral reefs
A．Tourist waste.
B．Diving sports.
C．Fishing equipment.
D．Industrial pollution.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“but almost three quarters of...such as ropes, lines and nets”可知，在珊瑚礁中发现的较大塑料物品的主要来源是捕鱼设备。
10．What is the main focus of the study
A．The extent of plastic pollution in coral reefs.
B．The impact of plastic pollution on marine life.
C．The distribution of plastic waste in different oceans.
D.The relationship between plastic pollution and fish diversity.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段及第三段内容可知，该研究的主要关注点是珊瑚礁中塑料污染的程度。
11．What does the underlined word “dwindle” in paragraph 5 most probably mean
A．Grow rapidly.
B．Reach their peak.
C．Benefit everyone.
D．Decrease gradually.
D　解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段画线词所在句可推知，人类转向其他地方获取资源，是因为原本的海洋资源在减少，所以dwindle意为“逐渐减少”。
12．What is the best title for the passage
A．A New Type of Ocean Pollution
B．Plastic Pollution in Coral Reefs
C．Underwater Trash: A Global Crisis
D．Marine Life Protection: A Common Practice
B　解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“No part of the planet...are no exception.”以及全文围绕珊瑚礁中的塑料污染展开可知，本文介绍了珊瑚礁中的塑料污染，B项最适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·武汉部分重点中学联考)In today's fast-paced digital world, electronic waste, or e-waste, has become a significant environmental concern. According to the Global E-waste Statistics Partnership (GESP), a record of 53.6 million tonnes of e-waste was produced globally in 2019, increasing 21% in just five years. By 2050, the volume of e-waste could top 120 million tonnes annually. 1.________
The improper handling of it poses serious threats to the environment and human health because of the presence of harmful materials such as lead and mercury. 2.________ It is due to their rapidly developing bodies, including their breathing, immune and central nervous systems.
Luckily, many countries are turning to tackle the e-waste challenges. They commit to specializing in reconditioning electronics, making them available to consumers at a lower cost. 3.________ By doing so, valuable materials such as gold, silver, and copper can be extracted from electronic devices, reducing the need for mining new resources.
Meanwhile, individuals can also contribute to e-waste handling by being mindful of their electronic consumption. 4.________ Support electronic manufacturers committed to green technologies aiming for a sustainable cycle of production. Additionally, to ensure the safe and secure disposal of all sensitive information, prioritizing data security in e-waste disposal is necessary.
5．________ Do remember to reduce the environmental impacts of electronic products and share a greener and more sustainable future.
A．It is every small action that counts.
B．Prevention and management are needed.
C．This includes buying quality products that last longer.
D．Recycling efforts have also become a crucial component.
E．However, currently only 17.4% of it is recycled responsibly.
F．Only a small percentage of e-waste has been recycled globally.
G．Children and pregnant women are especially exposed to the harm.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电子垃圾的威胁、危害和解决办法等。
1．E　解析：空前讲到电子垃圾的数量增长快，空后提到电子垃圾的不当处理带来的危害，因此，空处应提到对电子垃圾的处理不当问题，E项符合语境。
2．G　解析：空后提到身体发育问题，空处应涉及处于身体发育阶段的群体，G项符合语境。
3．D　解析：空前提到许多国家通过修复电子产品解决电子垃圾问题，空后提到从电子设备中提取材料，因此，空处应涉及电子垃圾的回收。D项符合语境。
4．C　解析：空前提到个人也可以通过注意自己的电子产品消费来为电子废物处理做出贡献。空处应接着说具体的做法。C项符合语境。
5．A　解析：根据空后的呼吁可知，空处应强调从小事做起，减少电子产品对环境的影响。A项符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·龙岩高一检测)If you're one of those people planning to do something helpful in honor of Earth Day, you may be wondering what 1.____________(exact) you can do.We've got 10 great 2.____________(way) to roll up your sleeves and get to work, whether you have five minutes, five hours 3.________________ want to form habits that will last a lifetime.
Since our cars are some of the 4.____________(great) sources of pollution in our daily lives, it makes sense to start there.Even if you have 5.____________ short trip to work, driving to and 6.____________ work could still be a major contributor to pollution.For example, a person drives 10 miles each way, 7.____________ means he consumes (消耗) about 1 gallon of gas for the round trip at least.
But that single gallon of gas sends 20 pounds of carbon dioxide into the air.That's because 1 gallon of gas 8.____________(weigh) about 6.3 pounds and that produces 20 pounds of carbon dioxide when 9.__________(burn).So by not burning that 1 gallon, you'll keep 20 pounds of green-house gas out of the air.
So how will you get around Consider 10.____________(take) the bus or train to work from home for the day, or riding your bike if possible.Then you'll be getting healthier with the planet.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为纪念地球日可以做的一些有益于地球的事情。
1．exactly　解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用副词。
2．ways　解析：考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空处作宾语，way为可数名词，根据上文的数字10可知，应用名词复数形式。
3．or　解析：考查连词。whether...or...为固定搭配，意为“无论……还是……”。
4．greatest　解析：考查形容词最高级。根据句意以及空前的the可知，空处应用形容词最高级形式。
5．a　解析：考查冠词。have a short trip为固定短语，意为“短途旅行”。
6．from　解析：考查介词。to and from work为固定短语，意为“上下班”。
7．which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代“a person drives 10 miles each way”，并在从句中作主语，应用which。
8．weighs　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，because引导的表语从句缺少谓语，结合上下文和从句主语1 gallon of gas可知，空处应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。
9．burned/burnt　解析：考查状语从句的省略。分析句子结构可知，when引导的时间状语从句和主句主语均为1 gallon of gas，从句谓语为is burned/burnt，此时可省略主语1 gallon of gas和be动词is，空处应用burned/burnt。
10．taking　解析：考查非谓语动词。consider doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“考虑做某事”。Period 4　Extended reading, Project, Assessment & Further study
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INCLUDEPICTURE "Activity1LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "Activity1LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
What's the main idea of the text
A．News from a newspaper about pollution.
B．News from a TV show about a polluted city.
C．A report from a TV show about animal protection.
D．A report from a newspaper about air pollution.
答案：B
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INCLUDEPICTURE "TL1.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "TL1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：1.Pollution　2.heavy industry　3.has to go　4.reduce pollution　5.economic benefits　6.maintaining　7.cooperated　8.join in　9.inseparable
INCLUDEPICTURE "Activity3LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "Activity3LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
1．Who thinks that we should get a balance between environmental protection and economic development
A．The host.　　　　 B．James Smith.
C．Julie Archer. D．Vincent Brown.
2．Which one is Vincent Brown's opinion
A．The economic development has greatly benefited Norgate people.　
B．The heavy industry factories have brought serious pollution to Norgate.　
C．Protecting environment is as important as developing economy.　
D．It is the heavy industry factories that caused the serious pollution.
3．Which one is Julie Archer's opinion
A．We should build a human community with a shared future.
B．The heavy industries have caused serious pollution and should be removed.
C．It's the government's duty to keep the environment clean.
D．We should work together to fight pollution and protect our planet.
4．What does the former UN official think of the pollution
A．Factories are responsible for the pollution.
B．The rapid development has raised the living levels.
C．Fighting the pollution is the government's main task.
D．Everyone can help to protect the environment.
答案：1～4.CADD
INCLUDEPICTURE "Activity4LLL2.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "Activity4LLL2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
The topic today is pollution in Norgate. James Smith, 1.a local resident, believes that heavy industry factories contribute 2.to pollution, and they have to go for health and safety reasons. Vincent Brown, senior manager of a local factory, argues that people should pay attention to the economic benefits factories have brought to Norgate and these factories 3.have__created (create) many jobs for local residents and helped the city's economy grow. They have been taking various 4.measures(measure), including the use of new technologies, 5.to__reduce(reduce) pollution in the production process.
Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee, says they have to achieve a balance between environmental protection 6.and economic development. They also work together with other departments of government to ensure that development strategies 7.are__followed(follow) in an environmentally friendly way. Everyone can help by following the golden rule：reduce, reuse and recycle.
The fortunes of the environment and the economy are inseparable. 8.It is our duty to protect our environment, to leave a better, cleaner and 9.healthier (healthy) planet to our children and to build a human community with a 10.shared(share) future.
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Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
1．greenhouse n.　 A．小册子
2．gas n. B．(政府或机构)部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支
3．drought n. C．鲨鱼
4．brochure n. D．地铁；地下人行道
5．belt n. E．鲸
6．medal n. F．委员会
7．shark n. G．地带，地区；腰带；传送带
8．whale n. H．政策，方针；原则
9．habitat n. I．海豚
10．dolphin n. J．旱灾，久旱
11．resident n. K．雾霾，烟雾
12．committee n. L．奖章，勋章
13．smog n. M．居民，住户
14．policy n. N．气体；煤气；汽油
15．branch n. O．贫穷，贫困；贫乏
16．strategy n. P．生活环境，栖息地
17．subway n. Q．策略，行动计划；策划，部署
18．poverty n. R．温室，暖房
答案：1～5.RNJAG　6～10.LCEPI
11～15.MFKHB　16～18.QDO
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．images of lions and sharks　狮子和鲨鱼的形象
2．deer are tracked and shot by people
鹿被人们追踪和射杀
3．leave many animals with nowhere to live
使许多动物无处居住
4．protest against heavy industry
反对重工业
5．make huge profits 牟取暴利
6．in the production process
在生产过程中
7．a former UN official
一位联合国前官员
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．global adj.全球的；全面的→globe n．地球；地球仪；球状物
2．application n．应用，运用；申请→apply vi.& vt.申请；请求 vt.应用；涂(油漆、乳剂)→applicant n．申请人
3．organization n．组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理→organize v．组织→organizer n．组织者
4．absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地；极其→absolute adj.绝对的，完全的；确实的
5．entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地→entire adj.完全的，全部的，整个的
6．defence n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→defend v．保护；保卫
7．economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→economy n．经济→economical adj.实惠的，节约的
8．recycle vt.回收利用，再利用→recyclable adj.可回收利用的
9．official n．官员，要员 adj.公务的；正式的，官方的→office n．办公室；政府部门；重要官职
10．poison vt.污染；毒死，毒害n.毒物，毒药→poisonous adj.有毒的
11．chemical n．化学制品 adj.化学的；化学作用的→chemistry n．化学→chemist n．化学家；药剂师
12．consequence n．结果，后果；重要性→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv.因此；所以
13．further adj.更多的，更进一步的 adv.较远，更远；进一步vt.促进，增进→furthest adj.& adv. (距离、时间上)最远的/地；最大程度的/地
Ⅳ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．Our group came__up__with(想出了) a creative approach to complete the project ahead of schedule.
2．In addition to government involvement, we also call__for(需要) individual efforts.
3．Integrity and honesty are words that spring__to__mind(突然想到) when we talk of the man.
4．Once you pick up some bad habits, it is difficult for you to get__rid__of(摆脱) them.
5．They fought to the last ditch in__defence__of(捍卫) freedom and the interests of the people.
6．I should point__out(指出) that not one of these paintings is original.
7．The company has been investing large__amounts__of(大量的) money in research and development.
8．Low levels of choline (胆碱) in the body can give__rise__to(使发生) high blood-pressure.
Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．过去分词短语作后置定语
Global warming, for example, is a major problem caused__by__greenhouse__gases(由温室气体引起的).
2．“what about doing...”表示建议
What__about__making__a__brochure(制作一本小册子怎么样) about environmental problems
3．“so＋助动词＋主语”引起倒装
As the human population continues to grow, so__does__the__effect__we__have__on__animals(我们对动物的影响也在不断增加).
[分析]　此句中还含有as引导的时间状语从句和省略关系词的定语从句。
4．with复合结构
With__pollution__levels__on__the__rise(随着污染程度的加剧), the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.(Para.6)
[分析]　此句中还含有动词不定式作后置定语。
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INCLUDEPICTURE "圈1F半LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "圈1F半LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
come up with 想出，想到
【经典例句】
①(教材P6)All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve these problems.
他们所有人都想出了关于如何解决这些问题的创造性的想法。
②(外研必修三U3)Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton's head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity.
一些(科学家)甚至质疑过(牛顿的)故事：一个苹果掉落在了牛顿的头上，促使他提出了万有引力定律。
catch up with　　　追上；赶上
put up with 忍受；容忍
break up with... 与……分手
keep up with 跟上；了解(消息、形势等)
end up with... 以……结束
make up with... 与……和好
【补全句子/完成句子】
(1)He finally came__up__with__the__answer__to__the__math__problem(想出这道数学题的答案) after trying for an hour.
(2)(人教必修一U1) I'm a bit worried about keeping__up__with__the__other__students(跟上其他同学) in my advanced course, and it'll be quite difficult to get used to all the homework.[读后续写之心理描写]
(3)尽管有许多挫折，她忍受了所有困难，勇敢地继续前行，从不让失败阻碍自己。
Despite the many setbacks, she put__up__with__all__the__difficulties and kept moving forward bravely, never allowing failures to hold her back.
INCLUDEPICTURE "圈2F半LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "圈2F半LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
call for (公开)要求；需要；呼吁
【经典例句】
①(教材P6)Some call for the application of modern technology, and others a change of lifestyle.
一些人呼吁应用现代科技，另一些人则呼吁改变生活方式。
②The project manager called in the team to discuss the new deadline.
项目经理召集团队讨论新的截止日期。
call on/upon　　 拜访(某人)；号召
call at (火车等)停靠；拜访(某地)
call in 召集；请来
call back 回电话；叫(某人)回来
call up 给……打电话；使……想起；唤醒
call off 取消；撤销
【用call的相关短语填空/完成句子】
(1)The problem is that this kind of work calls__for a lot of patience.
(2)The game was called__off because of the bad weather.
(3)The old picture called__up memories of his childhood.
(4)世界地球日前一周，我们学校周围张贴了海报，呼吁我们加入这个活动中，让地球变得更绿。
A week before the World Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling__on/upon__us__to__join__in__the__activity__for__a__greener__earth．
INCLUDEPICTURE "圈3F半LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "圈3F半LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
application n.应用，运用；申请
【经典例句】
①Due to the application of this medical technology, some diseases can be treated at an early age.
由于这项医学技术的应用，一些疾病在早期就能得到治疗。
②(外研必修一U1)After-school activities also play a part when students apply to college.
学生申请大学时，课外活动也起到一定的作用。
(1)apply v.　　　 　 申请；应用
apply to do sth. 申请做某事
apply (to...) for... (向……)申请……
apply oneself to (doing)... 致力于(做)……，专心于(做)……
apply...to... 把……应用于……；将……涂抹在……
(2)applicant n. 申请人
【语段填空/完成语段】
(1)As a student, what you've learned in class should be applied to the real life. Therefore, our school will organise several social activities this weekend. Any applicant(apply) who wants to apply to__join(join) shall hand in his application(apply) to Students' Union before Friday.[应用文写作之通知]
(2)我写信申请昨天报纸上刊登的职位。在过去的几年里，我一直致力于学习英语，所以我精通英语，适合这份工作。
I'm writing to apply__for__the__position advertised in yesterday's newspaper. In the past few years，I have__applied__myself__to__studying__English,__so I have a good command of English and am suitable for the job.[应用文写作之申请信]
INCLUDEPICTURE "圈4F半LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "圈4F半LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
spring to mind 突然记起(或想到)
【经典例句】
①(教材P8)When you think of a fearsome hunter, images of lions and sharks may spring to mind.
当你想到一个可怕的狩猎者时，脑海中可能会浮现出狮子和鲨鱼的画面。
②(人教必修二U3)Tell the reader what they should do or keep in mind.
告诉读者他们应该做什么或牢记什么。
change one's mind　　 改变某人的主意
make up one's mind 下定决心；决定
read one's mind 看出某人的心思
bear/have in mind 牢记，放在心上
keep (...) in mind 牢记
keep an open mind 保持开放的心态
【补全句子/词汇升级】
(1)Although he is very busy, he has made__up__his__mind(下定决心) to attend the conference.
(2)At first, he refused to listen to our advice, but in the end he changed__his__mind(改变了主意)．
(3)Keep__an__open__mind(保持开放的心态), and you may discover new ideas and opportunities to improve yourself.
(4)This is a friendly game，so what we should remember is that friendship comes first.
→This is a friendly game，so what we should keep/bear/have__in__mind is that friendship comes first.[应用文写作之活动介绍]
INCLUDEPICTURE "圈5F2半GLLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "圈5F2半GLLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
track vt.& vi.跟踪，追踪　n．足迹，
踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线
【经典例句】 (教材P8)Still others hunt animals just for fun：deer are tracked and shot by people who enjoy the excitement of the sport.
还有一些人只是为了娱乐而猎杀动物：喜欢这项运动带来的刺激的人会追踪并射杀鹿。
(1)track down　 　 追踪到，追查到
(2)keep track of 与……保持联系；了解……的动态；记录
lose track of 与……失去联系；忘记；不了解……的动态
on the track of 寻找；追踪
【补全句子/完成句子】
(1)She uses social media to stay in touch with her old friends and keep__track__of(了解……的动态) their latest news.
(2)警察正在追踪嫌疑人，他已经逃跑了几天了。
The police are__on__the__track__of__the__suspect,__who has been on the run for several days.
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get/be rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
【经典例句】
①(教材P11)The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey; it's also given me a cough that I can't get rid of.
空气中的雾霾把天空染成了烟灰色，还让我患上了咳嗽，老是不好。
②He's been trying to rid himself of smoking for good, but it's been a tough battle.
他一直努力彻底戒烟，但这是一场艰难的战斗。
rid sb./sth.of...　　使某人/某物摆脱……
rid oneself of... 摆脱……；从……中
解脱
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)The dentist rid him of the pain by taking out his bad tooth.
(2)After ten years of hard work, she eventually rid herself(she) of debt.
(3)我必须把这张大桌子扔掉，它占用了太多的空间。
I must get__rid__of__this__large__table—it takes up too much room.
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defence n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；
国防；防守
【经典例句】
①(教材P11)In defence of the factories, however, I'd like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.
不过，为工厂说句公道话，我想指出的是，我们也在努力控制我们所产生的污染量。
②In addition to blogging, taking photos and writing articles about the reef, he made a number of appearances on television to argue in favour of its defence.
除了写博客、拍照和撰写有关大堡礁的文章外，他还多次在电视上露面，为保卫大堡礁辩护。
(1)in defence (of...)防御/保护/保卫(……)
(2)defend vt. 保护；保卫；为……辩护
defend sb./oneself 保护某人/自卫
defend...from/against...
保护/保卫……免受……
(3)defendant n. 被告
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
(1)When the building started shaking, the boy covered his head with his hands as if in defence.[读后续写之动作描写]
(2)He planned to learn kung fu in the summer holidays so that he could defend himself from/against being attacked.
(3)这座纪念碑是为了纪念那些为保卫国家而牺牲的士兵们。
→The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died in__defence__of__their__country．(defence n．)
→The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died to__defend__their__country．(defend v．)
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consequence n.结果，后果；重要性
【经典例句】
①As a consequence of years of unhealthy eating habits, many people now suffer from diseases.
由于多年来的不健康饮食习惯，许多人现在患有疾病。
②The rise in global temperature will result in serious consequences.
全球气温上升将会导致严重的后果。
(1)as a consequence/result　 　因此；结果
as a consequence/result of... 因为……
(2)consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的
(3)consequently adv. 因此；所以
【单句语法填空/同义替换】
(1)The warming of the Earth and the consequent(consequence) climatic changes affect the whole world.
(2)As a consequence, people should take part in physical activities regularly.
(3)Alex has lived in China for many years, and consequently(consequence) he speaks fluent Chinese.
(4)Regardless of the risk of getting infected, Uncle Li is responsible and devoted to his job. As a result, he deserves our respect.
→Regardless of the risk of getting infected, Uncle Li is responsible and devoted to his job. As__a__consequence/Consequently,__he deserves our respect.[应用文写作之人物介绍]
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过去分词短语作后置定语
【经典例句】
①(教材P6)Global warming, for example, is a major problem caused by greenhouse gases.
例如，全球变暖是由温室气体引起的一个主要问题。
②The ruins of the ancient city, buried beneath centuries of sand, were finally uncovered by a team of archaeologists.
这座古城的废墟，被数百年的沙尘掩埋，最终被一群考古学家发掘出来。
教材原句中“caused by greenhouse gases”为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词problem。
【单句语法填空/句式升级】
(1)(2023·全国乙卷)Indoor plants, also known(know) as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors.
(2)Most of the people invited(invite) to the conference were my old friends.
(3)This project was designed to help the students in need. But it just didn't work out as planned.
→This project designed__to__help__the__students__in__need just didn't work out as planned.(过去分词短语作后置定语)
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He's the president of a large international organization(organize) which works to alleviate the hunger and disease in the world.
2．As a doctor, Tom has to keep track of the updates in medicine.
3．The artist has painted the scene from various(vary) viewpoints.
4．Nowadays, players at all levels of chess can profit from computer assistance during a game.
5．This book deals with the social, economic(economy) and political issues of the period.
6．Do keep in mind that you can turn to me for help whenever you are in tough situations.
7．Factories produce a lot of substances that are poisonous(poison) to human beings.
8．I don't know who came up with this idea, but it seems like a brilliant one.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．他坐的那把椅子远不及他书桌后面那把定做的舒服。
The chair he sat in was nowhere__near__as__comfortable__as the custom-designed one behind his desk.
2．从现在开始，我必须记住均衡的饮食和良好的睡眠习惯对我的健康是非常重要的。
From now on, I must keep/bear/have__in__mind__that a balanced diet and a good sleeping habit are of great importance to my health.
3．我不喜欢去位于城镇中心的超市。(过去分词短语作后置定语)
I don't like going to the supermarket located__in__the__centre__of__the__town．
4．李明总是积极参加体育活动。魏芳也是如此。(“so＋助动词＋主语”引起倒装)
Li Ming always takes an active part in sports. So__does____Wei__Fang.
5．雨倾盆而下，足球赛不得不取消。(with复合结构)
With__the__rain__pouring__down,__the football match had to be cancelled.

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